CN114791663B - Astronomical spectrometer camera heat-eliminating image-stabilizing lens based on liquid lens - Google Patents
Astronomical spectrometer camera heat-eliminating image-stabilizing lens based on liquid lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN114791663B CN114791663B CN202210439592.1A CN202210439592A CN114791663B CN 114791663 B CN114791663 B CN 114791663B CN 202210439592 A CN202210439592 A CN 202210439592A CN 114791663 B CN114791663 B CN 114791663B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/02—Telephoto objectives, i.e. systems of the type + - in which the distance from the front vertex to the image plane is less than the equivalent focal length
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-eliminating image stabilizing lens of an astronomical spectrometer camera based on a liquid lens, which comprises a fused quartz lens and a calcium fluoride lens, wherein an index matching liquid layer is filled between the fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens, the front surface and the rear surface of the index matching liquid layer are respectively in direct contact with the fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens, the fused quartz lens, the index matching liquid layer and the calcium fluoride lens form a lens triplet structure together, when the curvatures of the front surface and the rear surface of the index matching liquid are the same, the index matching liquid layer is used for eliminating reflection loss of a lens-air interface, and when the curvatures of the front surface and the rear surface of the index matching liquid are different, the index matching liquid layer is equivalent to a liquid lens. The heat-eliminating image-stabilizing lens can keep the imaging image quality of a camera stable under the change of a wide temperature range, and can solve the problem of spectrum line drift of a spectrometer caused when an astronomical optical telescope is observed in an environment with a large temperature difference of an address.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of astronomical optical instruments, and particularly relates to a heat-eliminating and image-stabilizing lens of an imaging spectrometer camera for an astronomical optical telescope based on a liquid lens.
Background
Astronomy is a science pushed by a telescope, and the telescope has an important promotion effect on the development of astronomy. Astronomical telescope is the main tool for observing celestial body and capturing celestial body information, and has several astronomical instruments in its back end for processing observation signals. The spectrometer is used as one of the main terminal instruments of the optical telescope, and the complex-color light collected at the front end of the telescope is decomposed into spectral lines and imaged on the image surface of the detector. A typical astronomical spectrometer system generally includes an entrance slit, a collimating element, a dispersive element, a focusing element, and a detector. The focusing element is a camera imaging system, which is divided into a transmission type camera and a reflection type camera, wherein the transmission type camera comprises a series of lenses, and the reflection type camera consists of different reflecting mirrors.
With the design and construction of new generation larger caliber telescope, the number of medium and large astronomical observation spectrometers in international optical wave band is continuously increased, the updating time between new and old instruments is rapidly shortened, and the requirements on the fineness of optical imaging are higher and higher. The optical telescope is usually installed in high altitude areas, has thin atmosphere, good vision and high night and is suitable for observation. However, the high altitude astronomical site has large environmental temperature difference and rapid temperature change, so that the lens in the spectrometer camera can generate thermal effect, generate thermal expansion, cause imaging drift and directly influence the imaging effect of the spectrometer, and therefore, a camera lens for eliminating heat and stabilizing images is necessary.
For a transmission type camera system, two methods for effectively solving the imaging drift of a spectrometer along with temperature exist at present. Firstly, the focal position is maintained through positive and negative refractive index compensation of a plurality of groups of cemented lenses, the number of lenses needed by the camera is large, and the lens barrel is long; secondly, a temperature control system is additionally arranged on the whole spectrometer, spectral line drift is reduced through constant temperature control, but the temperature control system is complex in structure, so that the whole spectrometer structure occupies more limited rear-end space of the telescope, and the telescope adopting the method is less and is not suitable for reconstruction of old instruments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one defect in the prior art, the invention provides a heat-eliminating and image-stabilizing lens of an astronomical spectrometer camera based on a liquid lens.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a thermal elimination steady image camera lens of astronomical spectrometer camera based on liquid lens, includes fused quartz lens and calcium fluoride lens, it has refractive index matching liquid to fill between fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens, forms refractive index matching liquid layer, the front and back surface of refractive index matching liquid layer respectively with fused quartz lens and calcium fluoride lens direct contact, fused quartz lens, refractive index matching liquid layer and calcium fluoride lens constitute lens triplet structure jointly, when the curvature of refractive index matching liquid front and back surface is the same, refractive index matching liquid layer is used for eliminating the reflection loss of lens-air interface, when the curvature of refractive index matching liquid front and back surface is different, refractive index matching liquid layer is equivalent to a liquid lens.
Further, the refractive index matching liquid is a Cargille LL5610 type laser liquid.
Further, the fused silica lenses comprise a first fused silica lens and a second fused silica lens, the refractive index matching liquid layer comprises a first refractive index matching liquid layer and a second refractive index matching liquid layer, the calcium fluoride lens is clamped between the first fused silica lens and the second fused silica lens, the first refractive index matching liquid layer is filled between the first fused silica lens and the calcium fluoride lens, and the second refractive index matching liquid layer is filled between the second fused silica lens and the calcium fluoride lens.
Further, the first fused silica lens and the second fused silica lens are spaced apart through an inner cylindrical ring, the outer side of the lens triplet structure is clamped and limited through an outer cylindrical ring, an isolation patch is arranged at the contact position of the fused silica lens and the inner cylindrical ring and the contact position of the fused silica lens and the outer cylindrical ring, the inner cylindrical ring is indirectly contacted with the fused silica lens through the isolation patch and applies axial force, and the outer cylindrical ring is indirectly contacted with the fused silica lens through the isolation patch and applies axial force.
Further, the inner cylindrical ring is an aluminum cylindrical ring, the outer cylindrical ring is a titanium cylindrical ring, and the isolation patch is a polyimide patch.
Further, be provided with outer sealing washer between outer cylindrical ring and the fused silica lens, calcium fluoride lens and interior cylindrical ring's juncture is provided with interior sealing washer, be provided with the through-hole that is used for the refractive index to match the liquid flow on the lateral wall of interior cylindrical ring, outer sealing washer is used for sealed refractive index to match liquid and provides radial force to the fused silica lens, calcium fluoride lens is retrained by interior cylindrical ring and interior sealing washer.
Further, the outer sealing ring is a Parker 2-361 type O-shaped sealing ring, and the inner sealing ring is a Parker 2-159 type O-shaped sealing ring.
Further, the volume heat elimination of the heat elimination and image stabilization lens satisfies the following conditions:
wherein DeltaV Ti ，ΔV Al ，ΔV CaF2 ，ΔV Silica And DeltaV O-ring The volume changes corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride, fused quartz and all sealing rings are substituted into the thermal expansion coefficients, so that the method is obtained:
wherein V is Ti ，V Al ，V CaF2 ，V Silica And V O-ring The volumes corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride, fused quartz and all sealing rings are respectively alpha Ti ，α Al ，α CaF2 And alpha Silica Linear thermal expansion coefficients corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride and fused quartz respectively, beta O-ring Is the volume thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing ring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the heat-eliminating and image-stabilizing lens of the astronomical spectrometer camera based on the liquid lens can keep the imaging image quality of the camera stable under the wide temperature range change, and can solve the problem of spectrometer spectral line drift caused when the astronomical optical telescope is observed in an environment with large site temperature difference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat-eliminating image-stabilizing lens;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a spectrometer camera optical system with a athermal image stabilization lens;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid in the heat-eliminating image stabilizing lens changing with temperature;
FIG. 4 is a schematic image quality diagram of a spectrometer camera with a athermal image stabilization lens imaging at different temperatures;
the marks in the figure: 1. a heat-eliminating image-stabilizing lens; 101. a first fused silica lens; 102. a second fused silica lens; 2. a calcium fluoride lens; 301. a first index matching liquid layer; 302. a second index matching liquid layer; 4. an inner cylindrical ring; 401. a through hole; 5. isolating the patch; 6. an outer cylindrical ring; 7. an outer seal ring; 8. an inner seal ring; 9. a third fused silica lens; 10. a fourth fused silica lens; 11. and a CCD.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides the athermal image stabilization lens capable of realizing stable imaging image quality of a camera under wide temperature range change and solving the problem of spectral line drift of a spectrometer caused when an astronomical optical telescope is observed in an environment with large site temperature difference. Optically, the refractive index of Fused Silica (Fused Silica) increases with increasing temperature, calcium fluoride (CaF) 2 ) The refractive index of (a) decreases with increasing temperature, but the refractive index of both changes very slowly with temperature, whereas the refractive index of the index matching fluid (Refractive Index Matching Fluid, RIMF) changes relatively rapidly with temperature. The curvature and thickness of each lens are optimized through optical design simulation, and the phase change of the fused quartz and calcium fluoride lens caused by the thermal effect can be compensated by the refractive index matching liquid, so that the optical heat elimination is realized. And mechanically, the thermal expansion of fused quartz, calcium fluoride, the refractive index matching liquid and the lens interlayer material in the lens are matched with the thermal expansion of the lens external mirror vector material, so that the heat elimination in the mechanical structure is realized. The purpose of stabilizing the image of the spectrometer camera is finally achieved through the heat elimination in optics and machinery.
The heat-eliminating and image-stabilizing lens of the astronomical spectrometer camera based on the liquid lens comprises a fused quartz lens and a calcium fluoride lens, wherein a thin refractive index matching liquid layer is filled between the fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens to form a refractive index matching liquid layer, the front surface and the rear surface of the refractive index matching liquid layer are respectively in direct contact with the fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens, the shape and the curvature of the front surface and the rear surface of the refractive index matching liquid layer are consistent with the contacted lens surfaces, and the fused quartz lens and the refractive index are respectively formed by the refractive index matching liquid layerThe rate matching liquid layer and the calcium fluoride lens together form a lens triplet structure. When the curvatures of the front surface and the rear surface of the refractive index matching liquid are the same, the refractive index matching liquid mainly plays a role in eliminating reflection loss of a lens-air interface; when the curvatures of the front and rear surfaces of the index matching fluid are different, the index matching fluid layer can be regarded as one lens, and thus is called a fluid lens. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fused silica lenses in the present embodiment are provided with 2 blocks, that is, a first fused silica lens 101 and a second fused silica lens 102, and the calcium fluoride lens 2 is sandwiched between the first fused silica lens 101 and the second fused silica lens 102, and accordingly, two layers of refractive index matching liquid are shared in the whole lens group, that is, a first refractive index matching liquid layer 301 is filled between the first fused silica lens 101 and the calcium fluoride lens 2, and a second refractive index matching liquid layer 302 is filled between the second fused silica lens 102 and the calcium fluoride lens 2. Index matching fluids are commonly used between multiple optical devices or on one or more external surfaces of a single optical device to improve the optical performance of the interface in contact with air, the index of refraction of the index matching fluid is close to that of the optical device itself to achieve the best effect of improving the optical performance, the thickness of the index matching fluid layer is usually in the millimeter to micrometer scale, and the embodiment is preferably Cargille LL5610 type Laser fluid (Laser Liquid) as the index matching fluid; the present embodiment prefers the center thickness h of the first fused silica lens 101 Silica-1 16mm; center thickness h of second fused silica lens 102 Silica-2 18mm; center thickness h of calcium fluoride lens CaF2 46mm; center thickness d of each layer of laser liquid LaserLiquid 0.065mm.
In order to make the fused silica lens, the index matching liquid layer and the calcium fluoride lens constitute the above-described lens triplet structure with high efficiency, the present embodiment is further provided with an inner cylindrical ring 4 and an outer cylindrical ring 6. As shown in fig. 1, a first fused silica lens 101 and a second fused silica lens 102 are spaced apart by an inner cylindrical ring 4, the outer side of the lens triplet structure is clamped and limited by an outer cylindrical ring 6, the contact position of the fused silica lens and the inner cylindrical ring 4 and the contact position of the fused silica lens and the outer cylindrical ring 6 are provided with isolation patches 5,the inner cylindrical ring 4 is in indirect contact with the fused silica lens through the spacer patch 5 and applies an axial force, and the outer cylindrical ring 6 is in indirect contact with the fused silica lens through the spacer patch 5 and applies an axial force. In this embodiment, the inner lens-shaped mirror material is preferably an aluminum (Al) cylindrical ring as the inner cylindrical ring 4, the Polyimide (PI) patch is preferably used as the isolation patch 5, and the outer lens-shaped mirror material is preferably a titanium (Ti) cylindrical ring as the outer cylindrical ring 6. The preferred inner diameter phi of the aluminum cylindrical ring of this embodiment Al_in 136mm, outer diameter phi Al_out 155mm, inner diameter phi of titanium cylinder ring Ti_in 155mm, outer diameter phi Ti_out 163.7mm.
In this embodiment, the refractive index matching liquid is sealed by using an outer sealing ring 7 and an inner sealing ring 8. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, an outer sealing ring 7 is disposed between an outer cylindrical ring 6 and a fused silica lens, the outer sealing ring 7 is used for sealing an index matching liquid and providing radial force to the fused silica lens, an inner sealing ring 8 is disposed at the junction of a calcium fluoride lens 2 and an inner cylindrical ring 4, the calcium fluoride lens 2 is restrained by the inner cylindrical ring 4 and the inner sealing ring 8, and a through hole 401 for flowing the index matching liquid when the lens expands with heat and contracts with cold is disposed on the side wall of the inner cylindrical ring 4. In this embodiment, a Parker 2-361 type O-ring is preferably used as the outer ring 7, the cross-sectional diameter thereof is 5.33mm, and a Parker 2-159 type O-ring is preferably used as the inner ring 8, the cross-sectional diameter thereof is 2.62mm.
In order to realize the optical heat elimination of the heat elimination and image stabilization lens, the camera optical system of the heat elimination and image stabilization lens of the embodiment is simulated by using Zemax software, and the camera optical system comprises the heat elimination and image stabilization lens 1, the third fused quartz lens 9, the fourth fused quartz lens 10 and the CCD11 of the astronomical spectrometer camera based on the liquid lens, and the optical paths of the heat elimination and image stabilization lens are shown in figure 2. The parallel light beam with the diameter of 100mm is incident on the athermal image stabilization lens 1, passes through the third fused quartz lens 9 and the fourth fused quartz lens 10, and is imaged on the target surface of the CCD 11. The refractive index of fused quartz at two sides of the athermal image stabilizing lens increases along with the temperature, the refractive index of calcium fluoride decreases along with the temperature, but the refractive index of the athermal image stabilizing lens and the calcium fluoride changes along with the temperature slowly, the refractive index of the laser liquid changes along with the temperature relatively quickly, and the refractive index of the Cargille LL5610 type laser liquid changes along with the temperatureThe change in degree is shown in fig. 3. By optimizing the curvature and thickness of each lens, the phase change of the fused quartz and calcium fluoride lens caused by the thermal effect is compensated by the laser liquid, the imaging of the camera keeps excellent image quality in a large-range working temperature range of-10 ℃ to 30 ℃, and the root mean square value of the radius of an imaging light spot of each view field on the target surface of the CCD11 is shown in figure 4. After optimization, specific parameters of each element of the liquid lens are shown in table 1, and the height h of the titanium cylindrical ring Ti The method is obtained by volume athermal calculation.
Table 1 specific parameters of each element of the liquid lens, unit: mm.
In order to realize the heat elimination of the liquid lens camera on the mechanical structure, the total thermal expansion of quartz, calcium fluoride, interlayer material aluminum, laser liquid and O-shaped ring in the lens is matched with the thermal expansion of external mirror vector material titanium. When calculating the volume heat elimination, the volume of the interlayer material aluminum in the lens is the actual volume of the inner cylindrical ring 4, and when calculating the volume of the external mirror vector material titanium, the titanium is taken as the actual volume of the cylinder instead of the outer cylindrical ring 6. The laser liquid in this embodiment can flow through the through hole in the aluminum cylindrical annular wall when thermal expansion occurs inside the lens, so that the volumetric thermal expansion of the laser liquid does not act on the external mirror vector. The volume heat elimination of the heat elimination and image stabilization lens needs to satisfy the following conditions:
wherein DeltaV Ti ，ΔV Al ，ΔV CaF2 ，ΔV Silica And DeltaV O-ring The volume changes corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride, fused quartz and all sealing rings are substituted into thermal expansionCoefficients, then get:
wherein V is Ti ，V Al ，V CaF2 ，V Silica And V O-ring The volumes corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride, fused quartz and all sealing rings are respectively alpha Ti ，α Al ，α CaF2 And alpha Silica Linear thermal expansion coefficients corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride and fused quartz respectively, beta O-ring Is the volume thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing ring.
According to the specific parameters of each element of the liquid lens in Table 1, the height of the external mirror vector titanium is calculated to be h Ti ＝57.2mm。
In summary, the heat-eliminating and image-stabilizing lens of the astronomical spectrometer camera based on the liquid lens in the embodiment compensates the phase change of the lens caused by the temperature through the refractive index matching liquid, thereby realizing the optical heat elimination. The thermal expansion of the volume of the internal element of the lens is matched with the thermal expansion of the volume of the external lens vector of the lens, so that the heat elimination of the mechanical structure is realized. The camera lens is athermalized optically and mechanically, so that the imaging image quality of the camera can be kept stable under wide temperature range variation.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The heat elimination image stabilization lens of the astronomical spectrometer camera based on the liquid lens is characterized by comprising a fused quartz lens and a calcium fluoride lens, wherein refractive index matching liquid is filled between the fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens to form refractive index matching liquid layers, the front surface and the rear surface of each refractive index matching liquid layer are respectively in direct contact with the fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens, the fused quartz lens, the refractive index matching liquid layers and the calcium fluoride lens jointly form a lens triplet structure, when the curvatures of the front surface and the rear surface of each refractive index matching liquid are the same, the refractive index matching liquid layers are used for eliminating reflection losses of a lens-air interface, and when the curvatures of the front surface and the rear surface of each refractive index matching liquid are different, the refractive index matching liquid layers are equivalent to one liquid lens;
the refractive index matching liquid is a Cargille LL5610 type laser liquid;
the fused quartz lenses comprise a first fused quartz lens and a second fused quartz lens, the refractive index matching liquid layer comprises a first refractive index matching liquid layer and a second refractive index matching liquid layer, the calcium fluoride lens is clamped between the first fused quartz lens and the second fused quartz lens, the first refractive index matching liquid layer is filled between the first fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens, and the second refractive index matching liquid layer is filled between the second fused quartz lens and the calcium fluoride lens;
the first fused quartz lens and the second fused quartz lens are spaced apart through an inner cylindrical ring, the outer side of the lens triplet structure is clamped and limited through an outer cylindrical ring, isolation patches are arranged at the contact positions of the fused quartz lens and the inner cylindrical ring and the contact positions of the fused quartz lens and the outer cylindrical ring, the inner cylindrical ring is indirectly contacted with the fused quartz lens through the isolation patches and applies axial force, and the outer cylindrical ring is indirectly contacted with the fused quartz lens through the isolation patches and applies axial force;
the inner cylindrical ring is an aluminum cylindrical ring, and the outer cylindrical ring is a titanium cylindrical ring;
the specific parameters of the elements of the heat-eliminating image-stabilizing lens are as follows, and the units are as follows: the length of the air flow is in the range of mm,
h Ti ＝57.2mm。
2. the liquid lens-based athermal image stabilization lens of an astronomical spectrometer camera of claim 1, wherein the isolation patch is a polyimide patch.
3. The astronomical spectrometer camera heat elimination and image stabilization lens based on a liquid lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an outer sealing ring is arranged between the outer cylindrical ring and the fused quartz lens, an inner sealing ring is arranged at the junction of the calcium fluoride lens and the inner cylindrical ring, a through hole for flowing an index matching liquid is arranged on the side wall of the inner cylindrical ring, the outer sealing ring is used for sealing the index matching liquid and providing radial force for the fused quartz lens, and the calcium fluoride lens is restrained by the inner cylindrical ring and the inner sealing ring.
4. A lens for eliminating heat and stabilizing images of an astronomical spectrometer camera based on a liquid lens according to claim 3, wherein the outer sealing ring is a Parker 2-361 type O-ring, and the inner sealing ring is a Parker 2-159 type O-ring.
5. The heat elimination and image stabilization lens of an astronomical spectrometer camera based on a liquid lens according to claim 4, wherein the volume heat elimination of the heat elimination and image stabilization lens satisfies the following:
wherein DeltaV Ti ，ΔV Al ，ΔV CaF2 ，ΔV Silica And DeltaV O-ring The volume changes corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride, fused quartz and all sealing rings are substituted into the thermal expansion coefficients, so that the method is obtained:
wherein V is Ti ，V Al ，V CaF2 ，V Silica And V O-ring Respectively titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride and molten stoneCorresponding volumes of quartz and all sealing rings, alpha Ti ，α Al ，α CaF2 And alpha Silica Linear thermal expansion coefficients corresponding to titanium, aluminum, calcium fluoride and fused quartz respectively, beta O-ring Is the volume thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing ring.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5345337A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1994-09-06 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Viscous supercooled liquid lens elements having abnormal dispersion |
| CN107272213A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of laser beam, which is homogenized, expands apparatus for shaping |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TW200724978A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-01 | Altek Corp | Zoom lens assembly structure having a volume changeable lens and method thereof |
| JP2011509416A (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2011-03-24 | ブラックアイ オプティクス，エルエルシー | Image stabilization by liquid optics. |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5345337A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1994-09-06 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Viscous supercooled liquid lens elements having abnormal dispersion |
| CN107272213A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of laser beam, which is homogenized, expands apparatus for shaping |
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