CN114779397A - Single-layer grating waveguide device for realizing color display and near-to-eye display device - Google Patents
Single-layer grating waveguide device for realizing color display and near-to-eye display device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-layer grating waveguide display device and a near-to-eye display device for realizing color display, wherein the grating waveguide display device comprises: the device comprises a transparent waveguide sheet, a resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and a multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating; the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating are respectively arranged on the surface of the transparent waveguide sheet, and the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating form a diffraction light path for transmitting three-color light through the transparent waveguide sheet. The device which is of a single-layer structure and can realize uniform color display is formed, the size and the weight of the device are small, the miniaturization of the device is guaranteed, the size and the weight of a near-to-eye display device can be effectively reduced, the problem of non-uniform grating waveguide color caused by grating diffraction can be well solved, and the non-dispersion color display is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of near-eye display, in particular to a single-layer grating waveguide device for realizing color display and a near-eye display device.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are hot technological fields that have attracted much attention in recent years, and with the development of 5G technology, the future market prospect thereof has become increasingly clear, so that near-to-eye display technology has been rapidly developed. The Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology for overlaying digital information (including characters, images, videos and the like) onto a real physical world, and has the remarkable characteristics of strong perspective and strong mobility, normal observation of a real environment is not influenced, and practical feelings of moving scenes are brought to users. The display system adopted by the AR glasses in the market at present is a combination of various micro display screens and optical elements such as a prism, Bird Bath, a free-form surface, an optical waveguide and the like, and can couple a virtual image into human eyes. The optical waveguide display technology is considered as a necessary optical scheme for the AR glasses to reach the consumer level due to its characteristics of lightness, thinness and high penetration to external light, and has great development potential in terms of optical effect, appearance beautification and mass production prospect.
Existing optical waveguides can be generally classified into a geometric optical waveguide and a diffractive optical waveguide. Due to the flexibility of the grating in design and production, the diffractive optical waveguide technology has greater advantages than the geometric optical waveguide in terms of mass productivity and product yield. Thanks to the development of micromachining and "planar optics" technologies, surface relief grating waveguides are currently adopted by many large international companies and have proven to be mass-producible. The grating waveguide display technology is to realize the incidence, turning and emergence of light rays by using a diffraction grating, realize light ray transmission by using the total reflection principle, transmit an image of a micro display to human eyes and further see a virtual image. Because the total reflection principle the same as that of the optical fiber technology is adopted, the grating waveguide display device can be made as light, thin and transparent as common spectacle lenses.
However, due to the selectivity of the diffractive element itself with respect to angle and wavelength, the problem of grating waveguide dispersion arises, mainly manifested as color non-uniformity within the FOV and eye-box, i.e., the "rainbow effect". The solution adopted at present is to couple red, green and blue lights into three layers of waveguides respectively (as shown in fig. 1), each layer of waveguide only conducts light of a single color, and the corresponding in-coupling and out-coupling gratings are optimized only for a certain color, that is, the grating parameters are adjusted to make the diffraction angle reach the maximum FOV, so that the color uniformity in the range of the final eye-moving frame can be improved, and the rainbow effect is reduced. However, because the grating optimized for a certain color of light still diffracts light of other colors within a certain angle range, and each color does not correspond to a wavelength but covers a certain wavelength range, the grating waveguide diffraction element scheme with the layered and optimized stack structure can only improve the dispersion problem to a certain extent, cannot completely eliminate the "rainbow effect", and is difficult to take into account the covered color band and the incident angle range (i.e., FOV). The resonant waveguide grating structure and the near-eye display device disclosed in chinese patent application 202111120326.4 utilize the resonant waveguide grating as the in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating of the waveguide layer, thereby realizing the resonant diffraction of the in-coupling and out-coupling of the incident light, and although solving the dispersion effect problem of diffraction elements such as the existing grating waveguide, the rainbow effect is eliminated fundamentally. However, in order to realize color display, at least three layers of grating are required to be stacked to form a stacked structure, which increases the volume and weight of the waveguide display device, and is not favorable for miniaturization and lightness of the device.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-layer grating waveguide device for realizing color display and a near-to-eye display device, which can realize high-color-purity color display of a single-layer waveguide structure and realize the maximum field angle, and further solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-layer grating waveguide display device for implementing color display, including:
the device comprises a transparent waveguide sheet, a resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and a multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating; wherein,
the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating are respectively arranged on the surface of the transparent waveguide sheet, the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating share the transparent waveguide sheet as respective transparent waveguide substrates, and the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating form a diffraction light path for transmitting color images through the transparent waveguide sheet.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a near-to-eye display device, and the single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display is adopted.
Compared with the prior art, the single-layer grating waveguide device and the near-to-eye display device for realizing color display have the beneficial effects that:
because the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and the multi-element composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating are arranged on the surface of the transparent waveguide sheet, a device which has a single-layer structure and can realize uniform color display is formed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating waveguide diffraction element with a layered structure optimized in a layered manner, which is provided by the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-layer grating waveguide device for implementing color display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3a is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-element composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating of a single-layer grating waveguide device for implementing color display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3b is a schematic structural diagram of a green subunit resonant waveguide grating of a RGB three-color composite unit of a resonant waveguide grating of an exit grating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of diffraction efficiency of a resonant waveguide grating of a green sub-unit in an RGB three-color composite unit of an exit grating according to an embodiment of the present invention, where light with a wavelength of 520nm and TE polarization is incident.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a resonance waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit corresponding to a single incident angle (11 °) in an exit grating according to an embodiment of the present invention, which generates diffraction resonance under the incidence of red light, green light, and blue light.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an exit grating sub-region of a single-layer grating waveguide device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 100-a transparent waveguide sheet; 101-red incident light; 102-green incident light; 103-blue incident light; 200-resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating; 201-a red subunit resonant waveguide grating; 202-green subunit resonant waveguide grating; 203-blue subunit resonant waveguide grating; 300-multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating; 301-a group of red, green and blue three-unit resonant waveguide grating structures; 302-two groups of red, green and blue three-unit resonant waveguide grating structures; 303-three groups of red, green and blue three-unit resonant waveguide grating structures; 30n-n groups of red, green and blue three-unit resonant waveguide grating structures; 30n 1-red subunit resonant waveguide grating; 30n 2-green subunit resonant waveguide grating; 30n 3-blue subunit resonant waveguide grating; 110-human eye.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described in combination with the specific content of the invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms that may be used herein are first described as follows:
the term "and/or" means that either or both can be achieved, for example, X and/or Y means that both cases include "X" or "Y" as well as three cases including "X and Y".
The terms "comprising," "including," "containing," "having," or other similar terms in describing these terms are to be construed as non-exclusive inclusions. For example: including a feature (e.g., material, component, ingredient, carrier, formulation, material, dimension, part, component, mechanism, device, process, procedure, method, reaction condition, processing condition, parameter, algorithm, signal, data, product, or article of manufacture), is to be construed as including not only the particular feature explicitly listed but also other features not explicitly listed as such which are known in the art.
The term "consisting of … …" is meant to exclude any technical feature elements not explicitly listed. If used in a claim, the term shall render the claim closed except for the inclusion of the technical features that are expressly listed except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. If the term occurs in only one clause of the claims, it is defined only to the elements explicitly recited in that clause, and elements recited in other clauses are not excluded from the overall claims.
Unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, as for example: can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms herein can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
When concentrations, temperatures, pressures, dimensions, or other parameters are expressed as ranges of values, the ranges are to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of upper, lower, and preferred values within the range, regardless of whether ranges are explicitly recited; for example, if a numerical range of "2 ~ 8" is recited, then the numerical range should be interpreted to include ranges of "2 ~ 7", "2 ~ 6", "5 ~ 7", "3 ~ 4 and 6 ~ 7", "3 ~ 5 and 7", "2 and 5 ~ 7", and so on. Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges recited herein include both the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the numerical range.
The terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship that is indicated based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description only, and are not intended to imply or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting herein.
The single-layer grating waveguide device and the near-eye display device for realizing color display provided by the invention are described in detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to a person skilled in the art. The examples of the present invention, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to the conventional conditions in the art or conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents and instruments used in the examples of the present invention are not specified by manufacturers, and are conventional products commercially available.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-layer grating waveguide display device for implementing color display, which is a single-layer multi-element resonant grating waveguide structure capable of implementing high-quality color display, and includes:
the grating comprises a transparent waveguide sheet 100, a resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and a multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating 300; wherein,
the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and the multi-component composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 are respectively disposed on the surface of the transparent waveguide sheet 100, the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and the multi-component composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 share the transparent waveguide sheet 100 as their respective transparent waveguide substrates, and the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and the multi-component composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 form a diffraction optical path for transmitting color images through the transparent waveguide sheet 100.
As shown in fig. 3a, in the single-layer grating waveguide display device, the multi-element composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 is a composite resonant grating waveguide structure of a single-layer structure formed by a plurality of resonant waveguide RGB three-color composite units which are closely arranged in a layer; each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit corresponds to the wavelength of red light, green light, and blue light at a single incident angle, the adjacent resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light, and blue light at different incident angles, and all the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units after combination cover the wavelengths of red light, green light, and blue light at all incident angles within the FOV range of the field angle, that is, in fig. 3a, FOV is θ1+θ2+θ3+θ4+...θNNamely, the incident angles corresponding to all the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units form a field angle FOV;
the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 includes: all the resonant waveguide grating RGB units can cover the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at all incident angles within the field angle FOV range.
In the above-mentioned multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300, each resonant waveguide RGB three-color composite unit is composed of one resonant waveguide light closely arranged in sequenceThe resonant waveguide grating comprises a grating red subunit, a resonant waveguide grating green subunit and a resonant waveguide grating blue subunit, wherein the resonant waveguide grating red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating green subunit and the resonant waveguide grating blue subunit respectively correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at a single incident angle and meet the requirement of lambdaR/aR＝λG/aG＝λB/aBWherein λ isR、λG、λBThe wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light respectively; a is aR、aG、aBThe grating periods corresponding to red light, green light and blue light respectively, and the resonance waveguide grating red subunit, the resonance waveguide grating green subunit and the resonance waveguide grating blue subunit can generate diffraction resonance under a single incident angle and wavelength.
In each of the three-color resonant waveguide grating RGB composite units of the multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300, the diffraction efficiencies of the resonant waveguide grating red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating green subunit, and the resonant waveguide grating blue subunit are the same. The three red, green and blue subunits are approximately the same size.
In the multi-component composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300, the width of a single subunit (i.e., the resonance waveguide grating red subunit, the resonance waveguide grating green subunit, and the resonance waveguide grating blue subunit) in each resonance waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit is 20 to 50 micrometers; namely, the size of each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit is pixel level, which can ensure that the information of three color lights simultaneously enters human eyes, thereby realizing high-quality color display;
each red, green and blue subunit in each RGB triplet unit contains at least 50 grating periods, i.e., R is 50, G is 50, and B is 50.
Adjacent resonant waveguide grating units are connected to each other or spaced apart from each other by a distance of less than 50 μm.
Referring to fig. 3b, in the single-layer grating waveguide display device, the resonant waveguide grating red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating green subunit, and the resonant waveguide grating blue subunit have the same structure, and are respectively formed by sequentially stacking, from top to bottom, a grating layer 26, a low refractive index layer 24, a high refractive index layer 22, and the transparent waveguide substrate 20:
the grating period, height and duty ratio of the grating layer 26 and the thicknesses of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are selected to enable the resonant waveguide grating structure to generate a resonant mode for light with a preset incident angle and wavelength.
The transparent waveguide substrate 20 and the transparent waveguide sheet 100 are common members, and the transparent waveguide substrate 20 is the transparent waveguide sheet 100. Preferably, the parameters of the resonance waveguide grating red subunit, the resonance waveguide grating green subunit and the resonance waveguide grating blue subunit are given by RCWA calculations.
In the single-layer grating waveguide display device, in the multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300, the diffraction efficiencies of the red, green and blue sub-units in each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit are the same. It can be known that, because the size of the emergent grating is larger, in order to ensure better image display effect, a plurality of regions (each region is composed of a plurality of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units, for example, A, B, C … regions) may be provided, the plurality of regions are spliced into a single-layer multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300, all the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units in each region can cover the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at all incident angles within the FOV, and all the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units in the same region have the same diffraction efficiency, the diffraction efficiency of the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units in different regions is different, the diffraction efficiency of the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units in each region is sequentially increased along the light propagation direction in the transparent waveguide sheet 100, and the structure can make the emergent light intensity uniform in the whole movable eye frame range.
In the single-layer grating waveguide display device, the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 may adopt the following structural forms:
a resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 of a structure is composed of a group of resonance waveguide grating RGB three-color units which can cover red light, green light and blue light wavelengths of all incident angles in a field angle FOV range, wherein the resonance waveguide grating RGB three-color units are composed of a red subunit resonance waveguide grating, a green subunit resonance waveguide grating and a blue subunit resonance waveguide grating which are sequentially and tightly arranged;
in the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color unit, the red subunit resonant waveguide grating, the green subunit resonant waveguide grating and the blue subunit resonant waveguide grating correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at all incident angles, and can resonantly couple all the wavelengths of light in the FOV range into the transparent waveguide sheet;
preferably, in a group of RGB triple-color resonant waveguide gratings, the red subunit resonant waveguide grating, the green subunit resonant waveguide grating and the blue subunit resonant waveguide grating have the same size, and the length X is: 5-10 mm (mm); the width Y is as follows: 5-10 mm, wherein the size is a resonance waveguide light grid RGB three-color unit with macroscopic size;
the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 has a simple structure, wherein the red subunit resonant waveguide grating is formed by transversely splicing a plurality of red subunit resonant waveguide gratings corresponding to different angles of the red wavelength (the sum of these angles is equal to all incident angles of red light in the FOV range of the field angle), and similarly, the green subunit resonant waveguide grating is formed by transversely splicing a plurality of green subunit resonant waveguide gratings corresponding to different angles (the sum of these angles is equal to all incident angles of green light in the FOV range of the field angle), and the blue subunit is formed by transversely splicing a plurality of blue subunit resonant waveguide gratings corresponding to different angles (the sum of these angles is equal to all incident angles of blue light in the FOV range of the field angle).
The resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 of another structure may be a multi-component composite resonant waveguide grating similar to the exit grating 300, and is composed of multiple sets of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units capable of covering all incident angles within the FOV range of the field angle, each set of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units is composed of a red subunit resonant waveguide grating, a green subunit resonant waveguide grating and a blue subunit resonant waveguide grating which are closely arranged in sequence, and the width of each structural unit is the size of a pixel level. Each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit respectively corresponds to the wavelength of red light, green light and blue light at a single incident angle, and all the combined resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units cover the wavelengths of the red light, the green light and the blue light at all the incident angles within the field angle FOV range.
In each group of the RGB three-color composite units of the resonant waveguide grating, the red subunit resonant waveguide grating, the green subunit resonant waveguide grating and the blue subunit resonant waveguide grating correspond to red light, green light and blue light wavelengths at a single incident angle and can generate diffraction resonance at the single incident angle and wavelength; the adjacent resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light with different incident angles.
The resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 having such a structure is similar to the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 in structure, but since the size of the incident grating is smaller than that of the exit grating, it is not necessary to provide different regions as in the exit grating 300, and the area of the incident grating 200 is substantially: the length X is: 5-10 mm (mm); the width Y is: 5-10 mm; all the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units in the area cover all the red, green and blue light wavelengths in the field angle FOV range, and the resonant diffraction efficiency of all the subunits is the same.
In the above-mentioned resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200, in each group of the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit, the red subunit resonant waveguide grating, the green subunit resonant waveguide grating and the blue subunit resonant waveguide grating are formed the same, and are formed by stacking a grating layer, a low refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer and a transparent waveguide substrate from top to bottom in sequence, and the structure thereof can be seen in fig. 3 b:
the grating period, height and duty ratio of the grating layer and the thicknesses of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer meet the requirement that the resonant waveguide grating structure generates a resonant mode for light with preset wavelength and incidence angle.
The transparent waveguide substrate described above is a common member with the transparent waveguide sheet 100, that is, the transparent waveguide substrate is the transparent waveguide sheet 100. Preferably, the parameters of the red sub-unit resonant waveguide grating, the green sub-unit resonant waveguide grating, and the blue sub-unit resonant waveguide grating may be calculated by RCWA.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a near-to-eye display device, and the single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display is adopted.
In summary, in the grating waveguide diffraction element according to the embodiment of the present invention, the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating and the multi-element composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating are respectively disposed on the surface of the transparent waveguide sheet to form a single-layer grating waveguide device capable of achieving uniform color display, which has a small volume and a light weight, and not only achieves miniaturization of the device, but also solves the rainbow effect well, and achieves uniform high-quality color display.
In order to more clearly show the technical solutions and the technical effects provided by the present invention, the single-layer grating waveguide device and the near-eye display apparatus for realizing color display provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with specific embodiments below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a single-layer grating waveguide display device capable of implementing high-quality color display, which is applied to near-eye display devices such as AR and VR to implement single-layer grating waveguide non-dispersive RGB full-color display. The structure of the single-layer grating waveguide display device is shown in fig. 2, and comprises: the device comprises a transparent waveguide sheet 100, a resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and a multi-element composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating 300; the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and the multi-component composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 are respectively disposed on the surface of the transparent waveguide sheet 100, the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and the multi-component composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 share the transparent waveguide sheet 100 as their respective transparent waveguide substrates, and the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and the multi-component composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 form a diffraction optical path for transmitting color images through the transparent waveguide sheet 100.
The resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating 300 are both resonance waveguide grating structures, the resonance waveguide grating with the structure can generate diffraction resonance under a certain incident angle and wavelength, the light diffraction efficiency of other wavelengths and incident angles is close to zero, the diffraction resonance can be controlled by adjusting the grating structure parameters, the diffraction resonance of red, green and blue light is generated under the same angle, the rainbow effect is eliminated fundamentally, high-color-purity full-color display is realized, and the miniaturization of the device is ensured due to the single-layer structure. The multi-component composite resonant waveguide outgoing grating 300 is a single-layer structure formed by closely arranging a plurality of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units, each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit includes a resonant waveguide grating red subunit, a resonant waveguide grating green subunit and a resonant waveguide grating blue subunit which are sequentially arranged, that is, an RGB three-unit composite structure, preferably, the width of a single subunit in each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit is 20 to 50 micrometers, that is, the width of each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit is a pixel level size, and each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit corresponds to the wavelength of red light, green light and blue light in a certain incident angle range, see fig. 2. Specifically, the multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 is formed by sequentially and tightly arranging a plurality of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units as shown in fig. 3a, wherein each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit is single red, green and blue sub-unit including at least 50 grating periods, and adjacent resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units are connected with each other or the distance between the adjacent resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units is less than 50 microns. The grating structure of each resonant waveguide grating subunit is specifically shown in fig. 3b, and is a resonant waveguide grating, which can generate diffraction resonance at the corresponding incident angle and incident wavelength, and the diffraction efficiency of light at other wavelengths and incident angles is close to zero.
FIG. 4 shows that when TE polarized light with a wavelength of 520nm is incident on a green subunit in a RGB three-color composite unit of a resonant waveguide grating, a-1 st order diffraction resonance is obtained at an incident angle of 11 degrees, and the diffraction efficiency is 60%; as shown in FIG. 3aThe multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 is formed of a resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit including three colors of red, green, and blue incident light corresponding to each incident angle. The structure parameters of the resonant waveguide grating corresponding to each color wavelength can be adjusted to make the red, green and blue light generate diffraction resonance under the same incident angle, and the grating period of the resonant waveguide grating subunit of each color satisfies lambdaR/aR＝λG/aG＝λB/aB，λR、λG、λBWavelengths of red, green and blue light, respectively, aR、aG、aBThe grating periods corresponding to red light, green light and blue light respectively, namely the ratio of the wavelength lambda of the incident light to the grating period a is kept the same, and the diffraction angle is also the same at the moment according to the grating formula. Meanwhile, the resonance diffraction efficiency of red light, green light and blue light is nearly the same through the adjustment of structural parameters, the rainbow effect is fundamentally eliminated, and the high-color-purity full-color display is realized. Fig. 5 shows the results of RCWA simulation of diffraction resonance of red, green, and blue light at the same incident angle (11 °). As shown in fig. 3a, the multi-component composite resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color exit grating 300 covers the resonant diffraction of the red, green and blue wavelength light within the FOV range of the field angle, and since the width of each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color subunit is 20 to 50 microns, which is much smaller than the pupil diameter of the human eye, it can be ensured that the information of the red, green and blue (RGB) three-color light enters the human eye at the same time, thereby realizing high-quality color display.
The resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 also adopts a resonant waveguide grating structure, as shown in fig. 2, the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 may be composed of a macro-sized red, green, and blue resonant waveguide grating (i.e., a set of RGB three-color subunit resonant waveguide gratings including a red subunit resonant waveguide grating, a green subunit resonant waveguide grating, and a blue subunit resonant waveguide grating), and the incident red light 101, green light 102, and blue light 103 are respectively incident on the corresponding red subunit resonant waveguide grating 201, green subunit resonant waveguide grating 202, and blue subunit resonant waveguide grating 203; the sub-unit resonant waveguide gratings corresponding to the light with the single color are formed by transversely splicing the resonant waveguide gratings corresponding to different incidence angles, so that the sub-unit resonant waveguide gratings with different colors can cover all the incidence angles of the corresponding color light wavelengths within the field angle FOV range. Similarly, the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating 200 may also be a multi-component resonant waveguide grating having a structure similar to the multi-component resonant waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating 300, and is formed by closely arranging a plurality of resonant waveguide grating unit structures, and the width of each structural unit is the size of a pixel level.
To achieve the extended pupil, the area of the multi-element composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating 300 can be larger, as shown in fig. 6. The emergent grating can be divided into a plurality of areas A, B, C and D …, and each area covers the resonant waveguide grating unit structure of red light, green light and blue light wavelengths of all incident angles in the field angle FOV range. Since the light energy in the transparent waveguide sheet is gradually attenuated during the light outcoupling process, the light outcoupled out of the transparent waveguide sheet is gradually attenuated along the propagation direction. In order to make the intensity of the emergent light uniform, the gratings in each area A, B, C and D … can be designed to have different diffraction efficiency, namely, the diffraction efficiency of each area grating is gradually improved along the light propagation direction in the transparent waveguide sheet. In different areas, corresponding to each incident angle and incident wavelength, different grating diffraction efficiencies are obtained on the premise of not changing a resonance diffraction angle by adjusting grating structure parameters, such as a relative ratio of the grating height to the thickness of the low refractive index layer, that is, different diffraction efficiencies under the same diffraction angle are realized, and the grating diffraction efficiencies in a plurality of areas A, B, C and D … are gradually improved along the propagation direction of light in the transparent waveguide sheet, so that the emergent light intensity in the whole movable eye frame range is uniform.
In summary, the single-layer grating waveguide display device of the embodiment of the invention has a single-layer structure, and has small volume and weight, so that the miniaturization of the device is ensured, the volume and weight of a near-to-eye display device can be effectively reduced, the problem of non-uniform grating waveguide color caused by a traditional diffraction element can be well solved, and the non-dispersive color display is realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A single layer grating waveguide display device for implementing a color display, comprising:
the device comprises a transparent waveguide sheet (100), a resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating (200) and a multi-element composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating (300); wherein,
the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating (200) and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating (300) are respectively arranged on the surface of the transparent waveguide sheet (100), the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating (200) and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating (300) share the transparent waveguide sheet (100) as respective transparent waveguide substrates, and the resonance waveguide RGB three-color incident grating (200) and the multi-element composite resonance waveguide RGB three-color emergent grating (300) form a diffraction light path for transmitting color images through the transparent waveguide sheet (100).
2. The single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display according to claim 1, wherein the multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating (300) is a composite resonant grating waveguide structure of a single-layer structure formed by a plurality of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units arranged closely in a layer; each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit corresponds to the wavelength of red light, green light and blue light at a single incident angle respectively, the adjacent resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at different incident angles, and all the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units after combination can cover the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at all incident angles within the field angle FOV range;
the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating (200) includes: all the resonant waveguide grating RGB units can cover the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at all incident angles within the field angle FOV range.
3. The single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display according to claim 2, wherein each of the RGB three-color composite units is composed of a resonant waveguide grating red subunit, a resonant waveguide grating green subunit and a resonant waveguide grating blue subunit which are closely arranged in sequence, and the resonant waveguide grating red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating green subunit and the resonant waveguide grating blue subunit respectively correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at a single incident angle and satisfy λR/aR＝λG/aG＝λB/aBWherein λ isR、λG、λBThe wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light respectively; a isR、aG、aBThe grating periods corresponding to red light, green light and blue light respectively, and the resonance waveguide grating red subunit, the resonance waveguide grating green subunit and the resonance waveguide grating blue subunit can generate diffraction resonance under a single incident angle and wavelength.
4. The single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display according to claim 3, wherein the diffraction efficiencies of the resonant waveguide grating red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating green subunit and the resonant waveguide grating blue subunit are the same in each of the RGB three-color composite units.
5. The single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein in the multi-component composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating (300), the widths of the resonant waveguide grating red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating green subunit and the resonant waveguide grating blue subunit in each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit are all 20 to 50 micrometers;
each resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite unit comprises at least 50 grating periods of a resonant waveguide grating red subunit, a resonant waveguide grating green subunit and a resonant waveguide grating blue subunit;
adjacent resonant waveguide grating units are connected to each other or spaced apart from each other by a distance of less than 50 μm.
6. The single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the resonant waveguide grating red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating green subunit and the resonant waveguide grating blue subunit have the same structure, and are respectively composed of a grating layer (26), a low refractive index layer (24), a high refractive index layer (22) and the transparent waveguide substrate (20) which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the grating period, the height and the duty ratio of the grating layer (26) and the thicknesses of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are selected to ensure that the resonant waveguide grating structure generates a resonant mode for light with a preset incident angle and wavelength.
7. The single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the multiple composite resonant waveguide RGB three-color exit grating (300) is divided into several regions with different diffraction efficiencies along the light propagation direction in the transparent waveguide sheet (100), all resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units in each region can cover red, green and blue wavelengths of all incident angles in the FOV range of the field angle, and the diffraction efficiencies of the resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units in the same region are the same;
the diffraction efficiency of the RGB three-color composite unit of the resonant waveguide grating in each area is sequentially increased along the light propagation direction in the transparent waveguide sheet (100).
8. The single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating (200) is composed of a set of resonant waveguide RGB three-color units capable of covering all incident angles in the range of field angle FOV, the resonant waveguide RGB three-color units are composed of a red subunit resonant waveguide grating, a green subunit resonant waveguide grating and a blue subunit resonant waveguide grating which are closely arranged in sequence;
in the resonance waveguide grating RGB three-color unit, the red subunit resonance waveguide grating, the green subunit resonance waveguide grating and the blue subunit resonance waveguide grating correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at all incidence angles, and can generate diffraction resonance at all incidence angles and wavelengths;
or,
the resonant waveguide RGB three-color incident grating (200) consists of a plurality of groups of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units which can cover red light, green light and blue light wavelengths of all incident angles in the field angle FOV range, and each group of resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units consists of a red subunit resonant waveguide grating, a green subunit resonant waveguide grating and a blue subunit resonant waveguide grating which are sequentially and tightly arranged;
in each group of the RGB three-color composite units of the resonant waveguide grating, the red subunit resonant waveguide grating, the green subunit resonant waveguide grating and the blue subunit resonant waveguide grating correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light at a single incident angle and can generate diffraction resonance at the single incident angle and wavelength;
the adjacent resonant waveguide grating RGB three-color composite units correspond to the wavelengths of red light, green light and blue light with different incident angles.
9. The single-layer grating waveguide display device of claim 8, wherein in each group of RGB triple-color composite units of the resonant waveguide grating, the resonant waveguide grating of the red subunit, the resonant waveguide grating of the green subunit, and the resonant waveguide grating of the blue subunit have the same structure, and each group of RGB triple-color composite units comprises a grating layer, a low refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a transparent waveguide substrate, which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom:
the grating period, the height and the duty ratio of the grating layer and the thicknesses of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are selected to enable the resonant waveguide grating structure to generate a resonant mode for light with a preset wavelength and an incident angle.
10. A near-eye display apparatus, characterized in that the single-layer grating waveguide display device for realizing color display of any one of claims 1 to 9 is used.
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