CN114779364A - Method for analyzing development rule of coverage type karst based on geophysical data - Google Patents
Method for analyzing development rule of coverage type karst based on geophysical data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for analyzing an overlay type karst development rule based on geophysical data, which comprises the following steps: determining main control factors of karst development of a research area, and collecting geophysical data which simultaneously comprise areas influenced by the main control factors and areas not influenced by the main control factors; carrying out inversion on the geophysical data, and deducing and decoding the underground karst form of the research area according to an inversion result; and according to the obtained underground karst form, counting the karst proportion of each group of soluble rock stratum decoded on the geophysical profile and the karst proportion of each depth plane in the vertical direction, and quantitatively analyzing the coverage karst development rule of the research area according to the statistical result. The invention adopts a classification statistical method to analyze the geophysical interpretation result of the karst area, thereby obtaining a quantitative index which can accurately represent the karst development characteristics and providing more general and representative basic data for the research of regional karst development rules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster investigation, and particularly relates to a method for analyzing an overlay type karst development rule based on geophysical data.
Background
Karst geological disasters represented by karst ground collapse have the advantages of being time-burst, space-hiding and extremely high in harmfulness, and seriously affect human production and life in karst areas. Therefore, effective technical means are adopted to find out characteristics and distribution rules of karst development, which are the basis and the premise for preventing and controlling karst geological disasters.
The traditional karst investigation method mainly comprises ground investigation and drilling work, and because most of a coverage karst area is covered by a fourth series unconsolidated layer, a natural or artificial exposed bedrock uncovered area is very limited, and the regional ground investigation is difficult to develop. Drilling work is only 'one-hole-to-one' and the disclosed underground karst form has a certain contingency, can not reflect the general rule of karst development, and has expensive drilling cost and severely limited workload deployment. Conventional karst investigation work therefore obtains very limited information about the development of the subsurface karst.
In the covering karst area, the geophysical method is required to find out the longitudinal and transverse distribution rule of karst development. The geophysical method can be used for finding out boundaries of the hidden karst areas, covering layer structures, matrix surface fluctuation, karst caves, soil caves, fracture structures and the like in the covering type karst collapse investigation. At present, the geophysical method obtains a certain application effect in the investigation of karst collapse. Glycomacropathy et al [ glycomacropathy, liberalism, rujie, et al.2011. analysis of different karst water storage structures and geophysical exploration [ J ]. geological and exploration, 47 (4): 663-672 ] the direct current sounding method, the electric sectioning method, the charging method and the audio magnetotelluric method are applied to research the contact zone of soluble rocks and non-soluble rocks, underground karst pipelines, karst fracture dense zones and the like, and the different types of water storage structures in the karst area are effectively found out. Liu wei et al [ liu wei, ganvoping, zhang wei, et al.2015. investigation of geophysical prospecting technique application studies [ J ] geophysical progress, 30(6) ]: 2923-. Li Qiaoling et al [ Li Qiaoling, Lexiadong, Yangyong, et al.2019. petro-water strong path route geophysical analysis in Yuquan mountain areas of Beijing Xisuburb [ J ] Chinese geology, 46 (2): 346-358, doi:10.12029/gc20190211 researches the fluctuation form and the structural distribution of bedrock in the Yuquan mountain area of suburb of Beijing by using gravity measurement and a controllable source audio geoelectromagnetic method, and forms new knowledge of the karst water strong path flow path in the area. Populus, et al [ populus, wangdanqi, zhangyepeng, et al.2021. comprehensive geophysical prospecting application research in investigation of karst disaster in production mines [ J ] geophysical progress, 36 (3): 1145-1153, doi:10.6038/pg2021EE0275 ] the high-density resistivity method, the transient electromagnetic method and the natural electric field frequency selection method are applied to the investigation of karst disasters of production mines, and the detection effects of different geophysical methods in strong noise environments, large topographic relief and strong cutting conditions are analyzed and researched. Hirsute [ hirsute.2021. geophysical prospecting [ J ] geophysical prospecting, geophysical prospecting and chemical prospecting, 45(1) for karst development characteristics of bridge site regions in high mountain canyon regions: 252- > 256, doi:10.11720/wtyht.2021.1211 ] to carry out karst development characteristic research in a certain suspension cable bridge site area in the alpine canyon region by adopting shallow earthquake, audio magnetotelluric and symmetric quadrupole depth measurement, and apparent, macroscopic and microscopic karst development characteristics are obtained through comparative analysis. Wangchi combination [ wangchi combination 2021. application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting technology in urban rail transit survey [ J ] geophysical prospecting chemical prospecting computing technology, 43 (3): 360-366 doi 10.3969/j-issn.1001-1749.2021.03.13 applies the high-density resistivity method and the transient electromagnetic method to urban rail transit survey, and combines drilling results to find out the development range of a fracture zone and a karst.
In conclusion, geophysical methods are mostly applied to survey of coverage karst areas, but geophysical results are mostly applied to guide drilling work and further complete a specific geological task, and statistical analysis, induction and summarization are performed on areal geophysical data to obtain results of regional karst development rules, but the results are rarely reported, mainly due to the lack of scientific and quantifiable indexes capable of accurately representing the development degree of the karst, and further, deep mining analysis is not performed on the karst development rules based on the scientific quantifiable indexes. If only aiming at engineering application and not carrying out statistical analysis to deeply mine karst development information contained in geophysical data, the application value of geophysical work in regional karst development rule research is greatly restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for analyzing the development rule of the coverage type karst based on geophysical data.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
an analysis method of an overlay type karst development law based on geophysical data comprises the following steps:
determining main control factors of karst development of a research area, and collecting geophysical data which simultaneously comprise areas influenced by the main control factors and areas not influenced by the main control factors;
carrying out inversion on the geophysical data, and deducing and decoding the underground karst form of the research area according to an inversion result;
according to the obtained underground karst forms, counting the karst ratio alpha of each group of soluble rock stratum decoded on the geophysical sectionri＝Wkri/WtriAnd the karst ratio alpha of each depth plane in the vertical directionhj＝Wkhj/WthjQuantitatively analyzing the development rule of the coverage karst of the research area according to the statistical result; wherein alpha isriThe ratio of karst to i of the i-th group of soluble rock formations, i is 1, 2, …, m; w is a group ofkriIs the cumulative width of the subsurface karst morphology, W, in the ith group of karst formationstriIs the total width of the i-th group of soluble rock formations, m is the total number of soluble rock formations, alphahjThe ratio of karst to jth depth plane in the vertical direction, j is 1, 2, …, n; w is a group ofkhjThe accumulated width of the underground karst form of the jth depth plane in the vertical direction; w is a group ofthjThe total width of the stratum of the jth depth plane in the vertical direction; n is the total number of depth planes in the vertical direction.
Preferably, the control factors include: lithology of soluble rock stratum, main fracture zone, fold structure, ancient river channel, overburden structure, groundwater concentration runoff zone.
Preferably, the geophysical data is synthetic geophysical data acquired by a plurality of different geophysical methods, and the inversion is a joint inversion of the plurality of geophysical data.
Further preferably, the underground karst form of the research area is deduced and interpreted according to the result of the joint inversion and the inversion result of the prior geological information constraint inversion.
Preferably, the quantitative analysis comprises: and respectively comparing the statistical results of the areas influenced by the main control factors and the areas not influenced by the main control factors for each main control factor, and analyzing to obtain the influence rule of each main control factor on the development of the karst.
Preferably, the primary control factors for development of the karst in the area of interest are determined based on the geology, hydrology, and drilling data in the area of interest.
Preferably, the geophysical data including both the area affected by the primary control factor and the area not affected by the primary control factor are obtained by respectively deploying geophysical survey lines in the area affected by the primary control factor and the area not affected by the primary control factor.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through statistical research on the geophysical interpretation results of the karst area, a quantitative index capable of accurately representing karst development characteristics is provided for the first time, and classification statistical analysis is carried out on the karst development rules based on the quantitative index, so that more general and representative basic data are provided for research on the karst development rules.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the statistical analysis method for the development law of the overburden karst based on geophysical data according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of karst geology and work deployment in a study area in an effect verification example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a geophysical prospecting method combining a high-density resistivity method and a shear wave reflection method according to an effect verification example of the present invention; wherein (a) to (d) are sequentially a high-density resistivity method inversion resistivity section, a transverse wave reflection method time section, a comprehensive interpretation geological section and a ZK1 hole drilling column diagram;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a high density resistivity method and a transient electromagnetic method combined geophysical prospecting in an effect test example of the present invention; wherein, the (a) to (c) are sequentially a high-density resistivity method inversion resistivity section, a transient electromagnetic method inversion resistivity section and a comprehensive interpretation geological section;
FIG. 5 is a comprehensive plan view of the geophysical inference interpretation result and drilling exposure and mapping research area karst development according to the effect verification example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram comparing karst development conditions of major soluble rock strata in a research area obtained based on geophysical data statistical analysis in an effect verification example of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of karst development conditions at different depths in the longitudinal direction of a research area, which are obtained based on geophysical data statistical analysis in an effect verification example of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the effect of the waste yellow river fault zone on karst development, which is obtained by performing geophysical data-based statistical analysis on the waste yellow river fault zone, which is a main control factor for karst development in a research area in the effect verification example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the solution idea of the invention is to use a classification statistical method to perform statistical analysis on the geophysical interpretation result of the karst area, thereby obtaining a quantitative index capable of accurately representing the karst development characteristics and providing more general and representative basic data for the research of regional karst development rules.
Specifically, the method for analyzing the development rule of the covering karst based on the geophysical data comprises the following steps:
determining main control factors of karst development of a research area, and collecting geophysical data which simultaneously comprise areas influenced by the main control factors and areas not influenced by the main control factors;
carrying out inversion on the geophysical data, and deducing and decoding the underground karst form of the research area according to an inversion result;
according to the obtained underground karst forms, counting the karst ratio alpha of each group of soluble rock stratum decoded on the geophysical sectionri＝Wkri/WtriAnd the karst ratio alpha of each depth plane in the vertical directionhj＝Wkhj/WthjQuantitatively analyzing the development rule of the coverage karst of the research area according to the statistical result; wherein alpha isriThe ratio of karst to i of the i-th group of soluble rock formations, i is 1, 2, …, m; wkriIs the cumulative width of the subsurface karst morphology, W, in the ith group of karst formationstriIs the total width of the ith group of soluble rock formations, m is the total number of the soluble rock formations, alphahjThe ratio of karst to jth depth plane in the vertical direction, j is 1, 2, …, n; wkhjIn the form of underground karst at jth depth plane in vertical directionA cumulative width; wthjThe total width of the stratum of the jth depth plane in the vertical direction; n is the total number of depth planes in the vertical direction.
For the convenience of understanding of the public, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by the specific embodiments and the effect verification examples in combination with the attached drawings:
the basic flow of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) analysis determined the major controlling factors for karst development:
collecting geology, hydrology and drilling data of a research area, and analyzing main control factors of the development of the coverage type karst of the research area, wherein the main control factors can be selected from the control factors of lithology of a soluble rock stratum, a main fracture zone, a fold structure, an ancient river channel, a covering layer structure, a groundwater concentration runoff zone and the like.
(2) The geophysical survey line is reasonably deployed aiming at main control factors:
the method comprises the steps of reasonably arranging geophysical survey lines aiming at main control factors of karst development in a region, wherein the key point is to consider the comparison of the control factors, collect geophysical data including regions influenced by the main control factors and regions not influenced by the main control factors, and specifically obtain the geophysical data by respectively arranging the geophysical survey lines in the regions influenced by the main control factors and the regions not influenced by the main control factors; for example, the comparison of different soluble rock stratums, the comparison of the vicinity of a fracture zone and the far-away fracture zone, the comparison of the vicinity of a corrugated shaft part and the far-away corrugated shaft part, the comparison of the inside of an ancient river channel and the outside of the ancient river channel, the comparison of different covering layer structures, the comparison of the vicinity of a groundwater concentration runoff zone and the far-away runoff zone and the like are considered in the line arrangement.
(3) Preferred optimal geophysical methods and combinations:
the optimal geophysical method is optimized by combining characteristics of a karst target body, physical properties of a rock (soil) layer, the thickness of a covering layer, terrain and features, interference factors and the like. For example, for the detection of the structure and thickness of the covering layer, a geological radar method, a seismic refraction method, a seismic reflection method, a high-density electrical method and the like are preferably selected; for the detection of karst caves and cracks, a high-density electrical method, an earthquake reflection method, well geophysical prospecting and the like are adopted; aiming at ancient river detection, a high-density electrical method, an earthquake reflection method, a transient electromagnetic method and the like are preferably selected. Aiming at shallow coverage type karst detection (the thickness of a fourth series soil layer is 5-30 m), a geological radar method, a seismic refraction method, a Rayleigh surface wave method, a high-density electrical sounding method and a seismic reflection method are preferably selected; for thick coverage type karst detection (the thickness of the soil layer of the fourth system is more than 30m), a high-density electrical method, a high-density electrical deep method, a seismic reflection method, a transient electromagnetic method, an audio geoelectromagnetic method and the like are preferably selected. Under the condition that the conditions allow, 2 or more geophysical methods are preferably arranged on the same measuring line, and comprehensive geophysical exploration is carried out to reduce the multi-solution of a single geophysical exploration method.
(4) The preferred acquisition parameters complete the high quality acquisition of geophysical data:
and adopting high-performance instruments and equipment, preferably selecting reasonable acquisition parameters, completing comprehensive geophysical data acquisition and obtaining high-quality original data. Powerful measures are taken to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of data in field collection, for example, a high-density electrical method and a transient electromagnetic method need to ensure a sufficiently strong power supply current; the seismic method needs to ensure enough seismic source energy and stacking times, and in order to reduce the influence of environmental noise during urban construction, construction at night is selected as much as possible.
(5) High-precision inversion and imaging of geophysical data:
and performing fine processing and imaging on the comprehensive geophysical data to obtain a comprehensive geophysical profile reflecting the development condition of the covering karst. The core of the geophysical data processing is inversion, and whether the underground geological morphology can be really depicted or not is the key of detecting whether the work is successful or not. In view of the non-uniqueness of inversion of geophysical data, the present embodiment improves the inversion effect from two aspects:
carrying out inversion under the constraint of prior geological information:
in order to reduce the multi-solution of the inversion process, the prior stratum, the structure, the lithology of the drill hole, the logging data, the petrophysical property and other geophysical interpretation information are added into the inversion process as much as possible. Giving known conditions to part of parameters in the parameter model through prior geological information or providing constraint of a variation range for the solved parameter model so as to obtain a reliable inversion geological model which is consistent with geological conditions;
carrying out joint inversion of various geophysical data:
the joint inversion reflecting various different geophysical fields or geophysical data is adopted to replace single-method inversion of single geophysical data, and the joint inversion is the general trend of the inversion of the current geophysical data. The horizontal resolution and the longitudinal resolution are required to be high in the coverage type karst area investigation, the exploration resolution can be obviously improved through the combined inversion of various geophysical data and the multi-method comprehensive interpretation, and the non-uniqueness of the inversion problem is limited. According to the deployment condition of the geophysical method, the joint inversion of the direct current sounding and the transient electromagnetic method, the joint inversion of the direct current sounding and the seismic method, the joint inversion of the transient electromagnetic method and the seismic method and the like can be carried out.
The joint inversion is explained by taking the joint inversion of the direct current sounding method and the transient electromagnetic method as an example. Establishing a layered medium model with n layers in total, wherein the model parameter is X ═ rho1,…,ρn,h1,…,hn-1)T. The DC measurement depth observation data has k polar distances r, and the observation data is D ═ D1,…,dk)TThe transient electromagnetic method observation data has m time gates t, and the observation data is D ═ D'1,…,d’m)T. Establishing a joint inversion target function:
in the formula, f represents a direct current sounding forward operator, and f' is a transient electromagnetic forward operator. By using the target function, the joint inversion can be realized by selecting a proper inversion algorithm. Commonly used inversion algorithms include: the method comprises two types of generalized linear inversion methods and nonlinear inversion methods, wherein the nonlinear inversion methods comprise a Newton method, a conjugate gradient method, a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing method, an artificial neural network and the like.
(6) And (3) fully utilizing prior geological information to carry out inference interpretation:
the geophysical inversion profile is deduced and interpreted by fully combining the existing data, and underground karst form information such as a covering layer structure and thickness below a survey line, bedrock buried depth and fluctuation, a karst development zone, a karst cave, a crack, a fault fracture zone, an ancient river channel, a soluble rock and non-soluble rock contact surface and the like is obtained.
(7) Carrying out the statistical analysis of the karst development rule of the whole area based on the geophysical data:
in order to be able to carry out a quantitative analysis of the development of the karst, the invention proposes a definition of the characteristics characterizing the development of the karst: the geophysical interpretation karst proportion alpha is used as a physical quantity for representing the development degree of the karst, and the expression is as follows:
α＝Wk/Wt
in the formula, WkCumulative width of subsurface karst morphology interpreted for geophysical profile;
Wtthe total width of the geophysical section.
For the statistical analysis of the karst development law of the whole region, the method is mainly carried out from the following two aspects:
the karst development rule of different soluble rock stratums is as follows:
performing comparative analysis on a karst development rule on m groups (m is an integer larger than 1) of soluble rock strata in the research area; then, the karst ratio of each group of the soluble rock stratum needs to be respectively counted, and the expression is as follows:
αri＝Wkri/Wtri
in the formula, alphariThe karst fraction of the i-th group of soluble rock formations for geophysical interpretation, i ═ 1, 2, …, m; w is a group ofkriCumulative width of subsurface karst morphology in the ith group of karst formations interpreted for geophysical profiling; w is a group oftriThe total width of the ith group of soluble rock stratum on the geophysical section;
secondly, the karst development rule of different vertical depths:
carrying out comparative analysis on the karst development rule on n (n is an integer larger than 1) depth planes in the vertical direction in the research area; then, the karst ratio of each depth plane in the vertical direction needs to be counted respectively, and the expression is as follows:
αhj＝Wkhj/Wthj
in the formula, alphahjKarst fraction for the jth depth plane in the vertical direction for geophysical interpretation, j being 1, 2, …, n; w is a group ofkhjThe cumulative width of the underground karst form of the jth depth plane in the vertical direction interpreted on the geophysical section; w is a group ofthjThe total width of the stratum of the j depth plane in the vertical direction on the geophysical section.
(8) Carrying out the statistical analysis of the karst development rule of each main control factor based on the geophysical data:
the main factors influencing the development of the karst are as follows: and carrying out classified statistics on a region fracture zone, a fold structure, an ancient river channel, a covering layer structure, a groundwater concentration runoff zone and the like by respectively combining a geophysical interpretation result and prior geological information. The statistical parameter indexes include: karst ratio alpha of different soluble rock formationsrAnd the karst ratio alpha of planes with different depths in the vertical directionhSpecific parameters are shown in table 1, wherein subscripts "fn" and "fo" respectively indicate the vicinity of a fracture zone and the distance from the fracture zone, "wn" and "wo" respectively indicate the vicinity of a corrugated shaft section and the distance from the corrugated shaft section, "rn" and "ro" respectively indicate the inside and the outside of a ancient river channel, "s", "d" and "m" respectively indicate that a covering layer has a single-layer structure, a double-layer structure and a multi-layer structure, and "bn" and "bo" respectively indicate the vicinity of a concentrated runoff zone and the distance from the concentrated runoff zone.
Taking the study on the influence rule of the regional fracture zone on the development of the karst as an example, firstly, according to the prior geological information, dividing the geophysical profile in the research area into: geophysical sections near the fracture zone and geophysical sections further from the fracture zone; secondly, counting the karst ratio alpha of different soluble rock stratum on the geophysical section (or section) near the fracture zonerfnAnd karst ratio alpha of planes at different depths in the vertical directionhfn(ii) a Thirdly, counting the karst ratio alpha of different soluble rock formations on the geophysical section (or section) far away from the fracture zonerfoAnd in the vertical directionKarst ratio alpha of different depth planeshfo(ii) a And finally, comparing the statistical results near the fracture zone and far from the fracture zone, and further analyzing the influence rule of the regional fracture zone on the development of the karst.
Table 1 summary of statistical parameters of comparative analysis of main control factors
In order to verify the technical effect of the technical scheme of the invention, the research on the development rule of the covering karst based on comprehensive geophysical data in the xuzhou region is taken as an effect verification example for further explanation.
Since the geological disaster of karst collapse in 1986, 18 successive karst collapse occurs in Xuzhou, which causes serious consequences such as deformation and collapse of railway roadbed, building fracture and collapse, and the like, and the karst collapse which occurs at present seriously threatens the life and property safety of people and urban construction, and has adverse effect on social stability. The stratum of the Xuzhou region belongs to a Xuzhou stratum cell of a Luxi subarea of a North China stratum region, and mainly develops two major rock series, wherein the upper part is a fourth loose layer, and the lower part is a sedimentary rock series which mainly comprises carbonate rocks in the original ancient world and the ancient world. Among them, the oolitic limestone in Zhang Xia of the department of frigid and Majia ditch limestone in Ordovic are the most developed due to thick karst. The fracture of the waste yellow river is the most representative fracture in the Xuzhou region, the fracture transversely cuts a Xuzhou arc-shaped structure, the fracture bandwidth and the rock are crushed, and a regional water control structure is formed.
The process shown in FIG. 1 is used for research and analysis of the development law of covering karst in Xuzhou region:
(1) analysis to determine major control factors for karst development
According to the geology, hydrology and drilling data of a research area, the main control factors of the development of covering karst in Xuzhou area comprise: lithology of soluble rock stratum, waste yellow river fracture zone, ancient river channel and covering layer structure.
(2) Reasonably deploying geophysical survey lines for main control factors
Aiming at karst development control factors in Xuzhou region, geophysical work is reasonably arranged, the comparison of factors such as a soluble rock stratum, a covering layer structure, a waste yellow river fracture zone and the like is mainly considered, and the factors are uniformly distributed on a plane as much as possible. In the study area, 23 geophysical survey lines are arranged in total, and the numbers of the geophysical survey lines are L1-L23 (see FIG. 2).
(3) Optimization of optimal geophysical methods and combinations
According to the characteristics of karst target bodies, the physical properties of rock (soil) layers, the thickness of covering layers, terrain and ground objects, interference factors and the like in the Xuzhou region, the finally determined geophysical method comprises a high-density resistivity method, a transient electromagnetic method, a transverse wave reflection method and an earthquake mapping method, and two geophysical methods are deployed on the same measuring line under the condition that the conditions allow, so that comprehensive geophysical research is carried out, such as comprehensive measuring lines of the high-density resistivity method and the transient electromagnetic method, and comprehensive measuring lines of the high-density resistivity method and the transverse wave reflection method (see figure 2).
(4) The geophysical data acquisition is completed by optimizing acquisition parameters
Optimal data acquisition parameters are preferred based on adequate field testing. Determining acquisition parameters includes: high density resistivity method electrode distance 5m, isolation coefficient 30, Wenna alpha device; the point distance of the transient electromagnetic method is 5m, the center loop device has the transmitting frequency of 32 Hz; the sampling interval is 1.2 mu s; a transverse wave reflection method channel spacing is 2m, a 38Hz transverse wave detector is used, the sampling interval is 0.5ms, and the recording length is 500 ms; the seismic mapping method is a longitudinal wave detector with the track spacing of 1m, the offset distance of 22m and the frequency of 28Hz, and the recording length is 500 ms. And the acquisition parameters are adopted to complete the high-quality acquisition of the comprehensive geophysical data.
(5) High-precision inversion and imaging of geophysical data
And (3) carrying out inversion and joint inversion under the constraint of prior geological information according to the stratum, the structure and the drilling data of the research area to obtain a comprehensive geophysical profile reflecting the development condition of the overlay type karst (see figures 3 and 4).
(6) Inference interpretation making full use of prior geological information
The method is characterized in that the geophysical inversion profile is deduced and interpreted by fully combining the existing data of a research area, and the interpretation elements comprise: overburden structure and thickness, bedrock burial depth and fluctuation, karst development zone, karst cave, fissure, fault fracture zone and the like, as shown in figures 3 and 4. Meanwhile, according to the geophysical profile interpretation result and the drilling exposure condition, a comprehensive plan view of the development condition of the karst in the research area can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5.
(7) Carrying out the statistical analysis of the development rule of the karst based on the geophysical data in the research area
Aiming at the research of karst development rule of the whole area, quantitative statistics is mainly carried out from two aspects: one aspect is to count the differences in the geophysical interpretation of the karst fractions for different soluble rock formations, as shown in figure 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the difference of karst development of the main soluble rock stratum in the research area is obvious, and the majiagou group (O) is pure in quality and thick in layer1-2m) and Zhang Xia group (e)2z) the development of karst is extremely strong, and the karst broken zone accounts for more than 25 percent; three mountain group (epsilon)3O1s) and set of Rice Stirs (e)3c) The development of karst is strong, and the ratio of karst broken zone is about 10%; set of steamed bread (epsilon)1-2m) the development of karst is medium, and the karst broken zone accounts for about 5 percent. Another aspect is the difference in the geophysical interpreted karst ratio at vertically different depths, as shown in figure 7. As can be seen from figure 7, karst is developed most at the depth of 30-40 m in the research area, the percentage of karst fracture zone can reach more than 11%, and gradually decreases with the increase of depth, and the percentage of karst fracture zone is about 3% at the depth of 80 m.
(8) Developing the statistical analysis of the development rule of the broken karst of the waste yellow river based on the geophysical data
And respectively carrying out statistics on the inferred interpretation results of the geophysical prospecting profiles of the waste yellow river fracture zone and the waste yellow river fracture zone so as to research the influence characteristics of the waste yellow river fracture zone on the development of the karst. FIG. 8 is a statistical comparison chart of the effect of the fracture of the waste yellow river on the development of the karst, and the comparison shows that the group of steamed bread (epsilon) with moderate development of the karst is excluded1-2m) Majiagou group (O) with strong karst development and little influence from waste yellow river fracture zone1-2m) and Zhang Xia group (e)2z) karst hairThree mountain groups (epsilon) for strengthening3O1s) and Pan-Rice groups (e)3c) The method is obviously controlled by the fracture of the waste yellow river, and the concrete expression is that the development degree of karst in the fracture zone of the waste yellow river is obviously stronger than that of the fracture zone of the waste yellow river. The comparison result fully shows that the carbonate rock with pure inner quality and thick layer in the research area not only has strong karst development degree, but also has the karst development condition which is easier to be controlled by the fracture structure.
Claims (7)
1. An analysis method for the development law of an overlay type karst based on geophysical data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining main control factors of karst development of a research area, and collecting geophysical data which simultaneously comprise areas influenced by the main control factors and areas not influenced by the main control factors;
carrying out inversion on the geophysical data, and deducing and decoding the underground karst form of the research area according to an inversion result;
according to the obtained underground karst forms, counting the karst ratio alpha of each group of soluble rock stratum decoded on the geophysical profileri＝Wkri/WtriAnd the karst ratio alpha of each depth plane in the vertical directionhj＝Wkhj/WthjQuantitatively analyzing the development rule of the coverage karst of the research area according to the statistical result; wherein alpha isriThe ratio of karst to i of the i-th group of soluble rock formations, i is 1, 2, …, m; w is a group ofkriIs the cumulative width of the subsurface karst morphology, W, in the ith group of karst formationstriIs the total width of the ith group of soluble rock formations, m is the total number of the soluble rock formations, alphahjThe ratio of karst to jth depth plane in the vertical direction, j is 1, 2, …, n; w is a group ofkhjThe accumulated width of the underground karst form of the jth depth plane in the vertical direction; w is a group ofthjThe total width of the stratum of the jth depth plane in the vertical direction; n is the total number of depth planes in the vertical direction.
2. The geophysical data-based method for analysis of the developmental regularity of overburden karsts as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control factors include: lithology of soluble rock stratum, main fracture zone, fold structure, ancient river channel, overburden structure, groundwater concentration runoff zone.
3. The method for analysis of overburden karst development laws based on geophysical data as claimed in claim 1 wherein said geophysical data are integrated geophysical data acquired by a plurality of different geophysical methods and said inversion is a joint inversion of a plurality of geophysical data.
4. The geophysical data-based method for analysis of the developmental regularity of an overburden karst as claimed in claim 3 wherein the interpretation of the subsurface karst morphology in the area under study is inferred from the results of the joint inversion combined with the inversion results of the prior geological information constraint inversion.
5. The geophysical data-based method for analysis of the developmental regularity of overburden karsts as claimed in claim 1, wherein said quantitative analysis comprises: and comparing the statistical results of the areas affected by the main control factors and the areas not affected by the main control factors respectively for each main control factor, and analyzing to obtain the influence rule of each main control factor on the development of the karst.
6. The geophysical data-based analysis method for the law of development of overburden karst as claimed in claim 1 wherein the main controlling factors for the development of karst in the area under study are determined based on geological, hydrological and drilling data in the area under study.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geophysical data including the areas affected by the primary control factors and the areas not affected by the primary control factors are obtained by respectively deploying geophysical survey lines in the areas affected by the primary control factors and the areas not affected by the primary control factors.
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