CN114778676A - Anisotropic material damage evaluation method based on ultrasonic array bottom reflection method - Google Patents

Anisotropic material damage evaluation method based on ultrasonic array bottom reflection method Download PDF

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CN114778676A
CN114778676A CN202210376921.2A CN202210376921A CN114778676A CN 114778676 A CN114778676 A CN 114778676A CN 202210376921 A CN202210376921 A CN 202210376921A CN 114778676 A CN114778676 A CN 114778676A
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damage
ultrasonic
longitudinal wave
anisotropic material
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罗忠兵
林莉
康金丽
金士杰
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

An anisotropic material damage evaluation method based on an ultrasonic array bottom reflection method belongs to the field of material detection and evaluation. The method comprises the following steps: collecting scanning signals of an anisotropic material sample A based on an ultrasonic array bottom surface reflection method; when continuous wavelet transformation is carried out on signals corresponding to different array element combinations and highest approximation coefficient corresponding sound is read, longitudinal wave sound velocities under different incidence angles are calculated, and a highest amplitude value is read from the signals; changing the rotation angle in the contact surface of the ultrasonic array and the sample to obtain the distribution curve of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the rotation angle; and respectively repeating the steps on the sample at different damage degrees, and establishing the relationship among the longitudinal wave sound velocity, the highest amplitude and the damage degree under different incident angles and rotation angles. The method can obtain three-dimensional distribution of longitudinal wave sound velocity and highest amplitude of the anisotropic material along with an incident angle and a rotation angle, has simple test process and good repeatability, and can realize multi-parameter evaluation of damage degree.

Description

Anisotropic material damage evaluation method based on ultrasonic array bottom surface reflection method
Technical Field
The invention relates to an anisotropic material damage evaluation method based on an ultrasonic array bottom surface reflection method, and belongs to the field of high-end equipment detection.
Background
Anisotropic materials have important applications in many areas of high-end equipment. For example, directionally solidified nickel-based superalloys are widely used in aircraft engines, and Carbon Fiber Reinforced resin-based Composites (CFRP) are widely used in the aerospace field. The corresponding service environment is severe, and the damage can not be avoided. Therefore, if the damage of the material or the member can be effectively and nondestructively evaluated, the serious damage brought by the damage later stage can be early warned, and the method has great significance for ensuring the bearing performance and the service reliability of high-end equipment.
The nondestructive testing evaluation technology based on the ultrasonic wave has the advantages of high flexibility, high speed, no destructiveness and the like, and the effectiveness is proved in multiple aspects. How to simply, reliably and efficiently acquire the ultrasonic characteristics is a key problem in the damage evaluation process. The back-wall reflection method (BRM) is a new signal acquisition method developed in recent years based on phased array ultrasound, and can accurately and conveniently acquire ultrasonic signals with different incident angles based on the position relationship between a transmitting array element and a receiving array element. However, the acoustic characteristics of the anisotropic material are more complex in three-dimensional space distribution, and after damage occurs, the three-dimensional space distribution is different due to different damage forms and degrees. The existing ultrasonic evaluation method mainly extracts the characteristic quantity corresponding to a single angle or direction, is difficult to comprehensively reflect damage characteristics, and has low sensitivity and unsatisfactory effect. Therefore, the development of the evaluation research of the damage of the anisotropic material based on the ultrasonic array bottom surface reflection method has important significance for ensuring the bearing performance and the service reliability of high-end equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anisotropic material damage evaluation method based on an ultrasonic array bottom reflection method, which comprises the steps of carrying out ultrasonic array bottom reflection method signal acquisition on anisotropic materials with different damage degrees and carrying out continuous wavelet transformation, changing a rotation angle in a contact surface between an ultrasonic array and an anisotropic material sample, establishing correlation relations between longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude value and the damage degrees under different incidence angles and rotation angles, and obtaining three-dimensional distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude value of the anisotropic material along with the incidence angles and the rotation angles. The method has the advantages of simple test process, high test result accuracy and good repeatability, can realize multi-parameter evaluation of different damage degrees by extracting the characteristic value, and has good application prospect on aging damage and early mechanical damage of isotropic and anisotropic materials.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly processing the anisotropic material into an equal-thickness plate-shaped sample, and collecting bottom echo A scanning signals of the anisotropic material sample at different damage degrees by using a bottom reflection method based on an ultrasonic array; when continuous wavelet transform is carried out on the received signals and the sound corresponding to the highest approximate coefficient is read, longitudinal wave sound velocities under different incidence angles are calculated, and the highest amplitude value is read from the A scanning signals; changing the rotation angle in the contact surface of the ultrasonic array and the anisotropic material sample to obtain the distribution curve of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the rotation angle; and for anisotropic material samples with different damage degrees, obtaining the relationship between the longitudinal wave sound velocity, the highest amplitude and the damage degree under different incidence angles and rotation angles, and establishing the relationship between the characteristic value and the damage degree. The specific calculation steps are as follows:
(1) ultrasonic array bottom surface reflection method signal acquisition
The anisotropic material was processed into a uniform-thickness plate-like specimen. And taking a certain array element of the ultrasonic array as a transmitting array element, and taking the others as receiving array elements to independently receive a scanning signal of the echo A on the bottom surface of the sample.
(2) Reading sound time and longitudinal wave sound velocity calculation based on wavelet transformation
And (2) performing continuous wavelet transformation on the scanning signal A acquired in the step (1), and calculating the ultrasonic incident angle according to the size and position relation of the ultrasonic array transmitting array element and other array elements when reading the sound corresponding to the highest approximate coefficient of different array element signals:
θij＝arctan((2d)/|xi-xj|) (1)
wherein, thetaijFor ultrasonic incident angle, xi，xjThe positions of the transmitting array element and the receiving array element are respectively, d is the thickness of the plate-shaped sample, and each angleThe longitudinal wave sound velocity under the degree is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003591048340000031
wherein t isijAnd the acoustic time corresponding to the highest approximate coefficient of the signals of different array elements. And reading the highest amplitude from the A scanning signal, and establishing a change curve of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the incident angle.
(3) Signal acquisition of ultrasonic array under different rotation angles
And the rotation angle in the contact surface of the ultrasonic array and the anisotropic material sample is changed, so that good coupling in the rotation process is ensured. And (3) repeating the steps (1) and (2), collecting A scanning signals under different rotation angles, calculating the change curves of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the incident angle under different rotation angles, and obtaining the three-dimensional distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the incident angle and the rotation angle of the anisotropic material.
(4) Signal acquisition of different damage levels
And (4) repeating the steps (1) to (3) for the anisotropic material samples with different damage degrees, acquiring the distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the incident angle and the rotation angle, and establishing the variation trend of the distribution along with the damage parameters.
(5) Ultrasonic characteristic value extraction and damage degree evaluation
And (5) analyzing the distribution characteristics of the result obtained in the step (4), extracting the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude under a specific incidence angle and a specific rotation angle as ultrasonic characteristic values, establishing the association relation between the ultrasonic characteristic values and damage parameters, and evaluating the damage degree of the anisotropic material.
The damage is aging damage and early mechanical damage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: by the method for evaluating the damage of the anisotropic material based on the ultrasonic array bottom reflection method, the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude under different incident angles and rotation angles are obtained, the ultrasonic characteristic value is selected, the incidence relation between the ultrasonic characteristic value and damage degree parameters is established, and the damage degree of the anisotropic material is evaluated. The ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology has the advantages of no destructiveness, suitability for large-scale component detection and low cost, the method has simple testing process, high accuracy and repeatability of testing results, the extraction of characteristic values can realize multi-parameter evaluation of different damage degrees, and the method has good application prospect on aging damage and early mechanical damage of isotropic and anisotropic materials.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bottom echo ultrasound array signal acquisition system.
Fig. 2 is a scanning signal a received by a number 1 array element of an aged 0h ultrasonic array of a CFRP unidirectional board sample.
FIG. 3 is a graph of longitudinal wave velocity distribution of CFRP unidirectional plates (aged 0h and 120h) under the conditions of different included angles between the fiber direction and the ultrasonic array: (a)0 degree; (b)45 degrees; (c) at 90 deg..
FIG. 4 is a maximum amplitude distribution diagram under different included angles between the fiber direction of the CFRP unidirectional plate (aged 0h and 120h) and the ultrasonic array: (a)0 degree; (b)45 degrees; (c) at 90 deg..
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional distribution diagram of (a) longitudinal wave velocity and (b) maximum amplitude of a CFRP unidirectional plate (aged 0h) according to incident angle and rotation angle.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional distribution diagram of (a) longitudinal wave velocity and (b) maximum amplitude of a CFRP unidirectional plate (aged 120h) according to an incident angle and a rotation angle.
FIG. 7 is a graph of longitudinal wave velocity change of a CFRP unidirectional plate at different aging time incident angles of 90 degrees.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the maximum amplitude change of the received signal of array element number 1 of different aging time of the CFRP unidirectional board.
Detailed Description
(1) Ultrasonic array bottom reflection method signal acquisition
The anisotropic material sample is a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) unidirectional plate, and the prepreg is prepared by autoclave molding. The schematic diagram of the system for acquiring the bottom echo signal of the adopted ultrasonic array is shown in fig. 1. And controlling a 5L64-NW1 type linear array probe to excite and receive ultrasonic signals through a MultiX + + phased array ultrasonic detection system, and acquiring echo A scanning signals of the bottom surface of the CFRP unidirectional board sample. Fig. 2 shows the a scanning signals transmitted and received by the array element No. 1 when the rotation angle of the ultrasonic array and the fiber direction on the surface of the CFRP sample is 0 ° under the aging condition of 0 h.
(2) Reading sound time and longitudinal wave sound velocity calculation based on wavelet transformation
Selecting wavelet basis mexh wavelet as a basis function, performing continuous wavelet transformation on the sample bottom surface echo A scanning signal acquired in the step (1), and reading sound time corresponding to the highest approximation coefficient of different array element signals after wavelet transformation. Given that the center-to-center distance p between adjacent array elements of the ultrasonic array probe is 1mm, the thickness d of the sample is 5.55mm, and taking the number 5 array element receiving signal as an example, the ultrasonic incident angle calculation is calculated according to the formula (1). The corresponding ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity under the incident angle is calculated according to the formula (2).
Figure BDA0003591048340000051
Figure BDA0003591048340000052
For the highest amplitude distribution of ultrasonic waves under different incident angles, the highest amplitudes of the primary bottom surface echoes of the A scanning signals received by the array elements No. 1-11 are used as a reference for comparison, and the variation curves of the longitudinal sound velocity and the highest amplitudes along with the incident angles obtained by the method are shown in fig. 3(a) and fig. 4 (a).
(3) Signal acquisition under different rotation angles of ultrasonic array
Based on the acquisition system shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic array probe is ensured to be fixed, the rotation angle in the contact surface of the ultrasonic array and the CFRP unidirectional plate sample forms a specific angle, the steps (1) and (2) are repeated, the change curves of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the incident angle under different rotation angles are calculated, and the three-dimensional distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity, the highest amplitude along with the incident angle and the rotation angle of the CFRP unidirectional plate sample (aged 0h and 120h) is obtained and is shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6.
(4) Signal acquisition of different damage levels
And (3) carrying out wet heat aging on the CFRP unidirectional board sample in the step (1) in a constant-temperature water bath at 70 ℃, wherein the aging time is 0h and 120h respectively. And (4) repeating the steps (1) to (3) to obtain the distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity, the highest amplitude along with the incident angle and different rotation angles.
(5) Ultrasonic characteristic value extraction and damage degree evaluation
And (5) extracting the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude of the array element receiving signal No. 1 under the incident angle of 90 degrees from the distribution curve in the step (4), and establishing the change relation of different acoustic parameters along with the aging time, wherein as shown in figures 7 and 8, the longitudinal wave sound velocity is reduced, the highest amplitude is reduced, namely, the attenuation is increased. The acoustic parameters of the CFRP unidirectional plate sample subjected to 70 ℃ damp-heat aging are changed along with the time extension, and the multi-parameter representation of the damp-heat aging damage degree of the CFRP unidirectional plate sample is realized.

Claims (2)

1. The method for evaluating the damage of the anisotropic material based on the ultrasonic array bottom reflection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: obtaining three-dimensional distribution of longitudinal wave sound velocity and highest amplitude of the anisotropic material along with an incidence angle and a rotation angle based on an ultrasonic array bottom surface reflection method, and establishing a relation between a characteristic value and a damage degree; the specific calculation steps are as follows:
(1) ultrasonic array bottom surface reflection method signal acquisition
Processing the anisotropic material into an equal-thickness plate-shaped sample; taking a certain array element of the ultrasonic array as a transmitting array element and the others as receiving array elements, and independently receiving a sample bottom surface echo A scanning signal;
(2) reading sound time and longitudinal wave sound velocity calculation based on wavelet transformation
And (2) performing continuous wavelet transformation on the scanning signal A acquired in the step (1), and calculating the ultrasonic incident angle according to the size and position relation of the ultrasonic array transmitting array element and other array elements when reading the sound corresponding to the highest approximate coefficient of different array element signals:
θij＝arctan((2d)/|xi-xj|) (1)
wherein, thetaijAs angle of incidence of ultrasound, xj，xjThe positions of the transmitting array element and the receiving array element are respectively, d is the thickness of the plate-shaped sample, and the longitudinal wave sound velocity under each angle is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003591048330000011
wherein t isijThe sound time corresponding to the highest approximate coefficient of different array element signals; reading the highest amplitude from the A scanning signal, and establishing a change curve of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with an incidence angle;
(3) signal acquisition under different rotation angles of ultrasonic array
The rotation angle in the contact surface of the ultrasonic array and the anisotropic material sample is changed, and good coupling in the rotation process is ensured; repeating the steps (1) and (2), collecting A scanning signals under different rotation angles, calculating the change curves of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the incident angle under different rotation angles, and obtaining the three-dimensional distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude of the anisotropic material along with the incident angle and the rotation angle;
(4) signal acquisition of different damage levels
Repeating the steps (1) to (3) for the anisotropic material samples with different damage degrees, obtaining the distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude along with the incident angle and the rotation angle, and establishing the variation trend of the distribution along with the damage parameters;
(5) ultrasonic characteristic value extraction and damage degree evaluation
And (4) analyzing the distribution characteristics of the result obtained in the step (4), extracting the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the highest amplitude under a specific incident angle and a specific rotation angle as ultrasonic characteristic values, establishing the association relation between the ultrasonic characteristic values and damage parameters, and evaluating the damage degree of the anisotropic material.
2. The method for evaluating damage of anisotropic materials based on the ultrasonic array bottom reflection method according to claim 1, wherein: the damage is aging damage and early mechanical damage.
CN202210376921.2A 2022-04-12 2022-04-12 Anisotropic material damage evaluation method based on ultrasonic array bottom reflection method Pending CN114778676A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116660387A (en) * 2023-05-16 2023-08-29 西南科大四川天府新区创新研究院 Method for rapidly calculating thermal expansion coefficient by means of sound velocity-temperature model

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116660387A (en) * 2023-05-16 2023-08-29 西南科大四川天府新区创新研究院 Method for rapidly calculating thermal expansion coefficient by means of sound velocity-temperature model

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