CN114778051A - Method for determining test load spectrum of airplane vertical vibration test and application - Google Patents
Method for determining test load spectrum of airplane vertical vibration test and application Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/001—Testing of furniture, e.g. seats or mattresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining a test load spectrum of an airplane vertical vibration test and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of airplane test. The method comprises the following steps: s1, designing an excitation sample; s2, forming an actually measured reference spectrum; s3, forming an actually measured excitation load spectrum; s4, forming a virtual excitation load spectrum; and S5, designing a man-machine ring test load spectrum. The application of the test load spectrum of the aircraft vertical vibration test is as follows: the control shaking table vibrates according to man-machine ring test load spectrum to drive the vibration of experimental seat, the examinee scores experimental seat comfort level according to individual subjective experience. The invention solves the problem that the prior art is still in a blank stage on the human body vibration comfort test, and has the advantages of comprehensive coverage condition of the human-computer ring test and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane testing, in particular to a method for determining a test load spectrum of an airplane vertical vibration test and application thereof.
Background
The design of passenger cabin comfort is an important index of future civil aircraft development, and the design of passenger cabin vibration comfort is an important part of the design. China's civil aircraft is very weak in design of passenger cabin vibration comfort, and has a great technical gap with foreign countries. The design technology of the passenger plane vibration comfort in China has a significant gap compared with that in foreign countries, and one of the main problems is the lack of special vibration comfort evaluation standards for the passenger plane.
Currently, the widely accepted common standard related to human body vibration comfort is mainly ISO2631-1997 issued by the International organization for standardization. In ISO2631, the sitting posture dictates the use of 3 major areas: a seat support surface, a seat-back, and a footrest. The seat support surface should be measured below the ischial protrusion area, the seat-back should be measured in the main area supporting the person, and the foot rest should be a common support surface. When whole body vibration is exposed in a sitting posture state, the weight is weighted in the Z direction by adopting W _ k, the weight is weighted in the Y direction by adopting W _ d, and the weight is weighted in the X direction by adopting W _ d.
However, when the standards are applied to the evaluation of the vibration comfort of the cabin environment of the passenger aircraft, some problems still exist. The main reason for these problems is the lack of a test load spectrum for vertical vibration testing of aircraft.
When the aircraft flies, due to various reasons such as flying environment, flying state, the seat often leads to the cabin in the vibration of different degrees takes place, especially takes place under the condition of vertical vibration at the aircraft, the condition of seat vibration is more obvious, leads to the comfort level greatly reduced of different positions seat. Therefore, when the evaluation method provided by the standard is used for evaluating the human body vibration comfort in the rear fuselage region of a certain passenger plane in China, although the conclusion that the passenger does not feel uncomfortable is obtained, the passenger in the seat region generally complains that the vibration feeling is obvious, and the evaluation conclusion is inconsistent with the subjective feeling of the human body.
The cabin vibration comfort evaluation method is the basis of cabin vibration comfort design, and research on a cabin environment vibration comfort test method and an evaluation method of the passenger plane is urgently needed. The method for evaluating the environmental vibration comfort of the aircraft cabin needs to be researched by a human body vibration comfort test method. However, China is still blank in this respect, so that related research work is urgently needed to be carried out and professional development of the design of the vibration comfort of the passenger plane cabin in China is supported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the prior art is still in a blank stage on the test of the human body vibration comfort of the passenger plane, and the related research work is urgently needed to be carried out, so that the professional development of the passenger plane cabin vibration comfort design in China is supported.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for determining the test load spectrum of the vertical vibration test of the airplane comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an excitation sample;
s2, acquiring each group of signals of the test seat corresponding to each excitation sample, forming an actually measured reference spectrum, and comparing and analyzing characteristic values of each group of signals, wherein each group of signals respectively comprise 0.5S cosine attenuation at the beginning and the end of the excitation sample;
s3, in order to enable the vibration table to accurately playback the vibration excitation signals, preprocessing each group of signals acquired in the step S2 to form an actually measured excitation load spectrum, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1, using a high-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 1-5 Hz and a low-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 200-400 Hz to perform time-domain filtering processing on each group of signals,
s3-2, respectively performing cosine attenuation on signals of each group of signals within 0.5S from the beginning to the end of the excitation sample, so that each group of signals after cosine attenuation more conforms to the signals of the actual operation of the vibration table,
s3-3, reducing the sampling frequency of each group of signals to be within the maximum frequency of the vibration table through resampling to form an actual measurement excitation load spectrum;
s4, filtering and adding an amplitude adjusting method according to the vibration characteristics of the human body, and amplifying an excitation sample by taking the amplitude of the vibration acceleration as a step to form a virtual excitation load spectrum;
s5, designing a man-machine ring test load spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
s5-1, designing a test state corresponding to each excitation sample, wherein each test state consists of a test excitation signal segment and a zero white noise signal segment, the test excitation signal segment consists of signals corresponding to the excitation samples in an actual measurement excitation load spectrum and a virtual excitation load spectrum,
s5-2, forming a first test load spectrum by all test states according to the flight condition sequence of the airplane,
s5-3, disorganizing all test states of the first test load spectrum, recombining to generate a second test load spectrum,
s5-4, cutting the second test load spectrum generated in the step S5-3 into a plurality of load test segments to obtain a third test load spectrum, wherein each load test segment is separated by 1-3 min, white noise signals are released during the separation period,
s5-5, designing and splicing a plurality of pre-test load spectrums before the third test load spectrum to obtain a fourth test load spectrum, and taking the fourth test load spectrum as a test load spectrum of the vertical vibration test of the airplane.
Further, the excitation sample in step S1 is formed by a combination of seat position and flight condition, and the combination of seat position and flight condition can cover almost all situations in the aircraft cabin.
Further, the seat position includes: the front cabin, the middle cabin and the rear cabin cover all seat conditions in the airplane passenger cabin, and acceleration of different cabin seat positions under different flight working conditions of the airplane has great difference, so that the man-machine environment test is more comprehensive by selecting the seats at different positions.
Further, along the vertical vibration direction, the flight condition includes: running, takeoff, climbing, cruising, descending, landing, and taxiing, cover almost all flight conditions of an aircraft.
Further, in step S2, the signal characteristic values include: the vibration acceleration, the maximum frequency component and the amplitude can comprehensively reflect the vibration conditions of different test seats.
Preferably, in step S2, the time length of each group of signals is 10-12S, so that the test load spectrum time length of the final composition is not to fatigue the subject excessively.
Preferably, in step S2, a seat back angle vibration signal actually measured by the aircraft is used for each set of signals of the test seats, the seat back angle is a rigid supporting point where the seat is connected with the fuselage, and the seat back angle vibration signal can truly reflect the vibration characteristics of the aircraft cabin environment.
The invention also provides a test load spectrum application of the aircraft vertical vibration test, and the man-machine ring test load spectrum determined by the method for determining the test load spectrum of the aircraft vertical vibration test specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the test seat on a vibration table, and seating the testee according to the man-machine ring test arrangement;
s2, vibrating the vibration table according to the load spectrum of the man-machine ring test, so that the test seat is driven to vibrate, and the comfort level of the test seat is scored according to personal subjective experience by a subject.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method has the advantages that the actual measurement data characteristics of the flight are analyzed, and the vibration acceleration, the maximum frequency component, the amplitude and other information of different cabin seat positions and different flight working conditions are compared, so that the actual measurement reference spectrum designed by the load spectrum is selected, the actual work and the cabin conditions of the existing airplane are fitted, and the reliability is higher;
(2) the invention considers that the field flight test data can not cover all magnitude values in the universal standard, and the virtual load spectrum is compiled by scaling the magnitude of the load spectrum so as to meet the requirements of the comfort test on the load spectrums with different magnitude values, so that the comfort coverage of the man-machine ring test is wider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining a test load spectrum for a vertical vibration test of an aircraft according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of time domain signals before and after filtering in step S3-1 of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a view showing a load spectrum of the flight measurement condition obtained in step S5-2 of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a chart of a design compilation of test load spectra from step S5-5 of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the flying survey process condition sequence after W _ k weighting at step S4 in example 1 and the magnitude of the test for obtaining the fourth test load spectrum at step S5-5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and "a plurality" typically includes at least two.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe … … in embodiments of the present invention, these … … should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish … …. For example, the first … … can also be referred to as the second … … and, similarly, the second … … can also be referred to as the first … … without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for determining the test load spectrum of the vertical vibration test of the airplane is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an excitation sample, wherein the excitation sample is formed by combining a seat position and a flight condition, and the seat position comprises: forebay, mesocabin and postdeck, along vertical vibration direction, here is along Z axle vibration direction, and the flight operating mode includes: running, taking off, climbing, cruising, descending, landing and sliding, therefore, 21 excitation samples which comprise 7 groups of flight working conditions in the Z-axis vibration direction and 3 groups of seat positions are excited;
s2, acquiring each excitation sample corresponding to each group of signals of the test seat, forming an actual measurement reference spectrum for the test seat, and analyzing each group of signal characteristic values in a contrast manner, wherein the signal characteristic values comprise: the vibration acceleration, the maximum frequency component and the amplitude value are measured, each group of signals respectively comprise cosine attenuation of 0.5s when an excitation sample starts and ends, the time length of each group of signals corresponding to the excitation sample is 10s, each group of signals of the test seat adopts a seat back angle vibration signal actually measured by an airplane, and the seat back angle is a rigid supporting point for connecting the seat with a machine body;
s3, in order to enable the vibration table to accurately playback the vibration excitation signals, preprocessing each group of signals acquired in the step S2 to form an actually measured excitation load spectrum, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1, performing time domain filtering processing on each group of signals by using a high-pass filter with the cut-off frequency of 1Hz and a low-pass filter with the cut-off frequency of 200Hz, wherein the time domain signal pairs before and after filtering are shown in figure 2,
s3-2, respectively performing cosine attenuation on signals of each group of signals within 0.5S from the beginning to the end of the excitation sample, so that each group of signals after cosine attenuation more conforms to the signals of the actual operation of the vibration table,
s3-3, reducing the sampling frequency of each group of signals to be within the maximum frequency of the vibration table through resampling to form an actual measurement excitation load spectrum;
s4, filtering and adjusting amplitude according to human body vibration characteristics, and taking the amplitude of vibration acceleration as a step amplification excitation sample to form a virtual excitation load spectrum, which specifically comprises the following steps:
w _ k weighted accelerations RMS were calculated for 21 excitation samples, divided into 5 sets of amplitude levels (W _ k weighted accelerations RMS were 2m/s each2、1.4159m/s2、1.0024m/s2、0.7096m/s2、0.5024m/s2) The method comprises the steps of conducting degression by taking-3 db (the difference of each group is 0.708 times) as a step to obtain a virtual excitation load spectrum comprising 105 excitation samples, conducting magnitude scaling of 5 groups of amplitude levels after weighting is completed, and cutting the data length according to the setting that the signal time of each group is 10s, wherein the sampling frequency is 5120Hz, and the length of a single excitation sample is 51200 sampling points;
s5, designing a man-machine ring test load spectrum, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s5-1, designing test states corresponding to each excitation sample, wherein each test state is composed of a test excitation signal segment and a zero white noise signal segment, the test excitation signal segment is composed of signals corresponding to the excitation samples in an actually measured excitation load spectrum and a virtual excitation load spectrum, the total duration time of each test state is 20S and comprises a test excitation signal of 10S and a zero white noise signal of 10S,
s5-2, forming a first test load spectrum by all test states according to the flight working condition sequence of the airplane, specifically: the 21 groups of actual measurement excitation load spectrums and the 105 groups of virtual excitation load spectrums are combined according to the flight working condition sequence, the obtained flight measurement working condition sequence load spectrums are shown in figure 3,
s5-3, disordering all test states of the first test load spectrum, randomly arranging 1-126 positive integers by using a randderm function in MATLAB, recombining to generate a second test load spectrum,
s5-4, cutting the second test load spectrum generated in the step S5-3 into three load test sections to obtain a third test load spectrum, wherein the interval of each load test section is 1min, the third test load spectrum is used for a tested person to have an intermittent rest during a man-machine loop test, white noise signals are released during the interval, each load test section comprises 42 groups of excitation samples (the code numbers are respectively 1-42, 1A-42A and 1B-42B),
s5-5, designing and splicing 6 sections of pre-test load spectrums in front of the third test load spectrum to obtain a fourth test load spectrum, taking the fourth test load spectrum as a test load spectrum for vertical vibration test of the airplane, and designing and compiling the test load spectrum as shown in fig. 4, wherein the flying test condition sequence after the step S4 is weighted at W _ k and the test magnitude pair of the fourth test load spectrum are shown in fig. 5, so as to prompt the tested person to safely sense the whole load spectrum, so that the evaluation of discomfort caused by excessive emotional stress of the tested person due to man-machine ring test is avoided, and the pre-test stage is not used for subjective evaluation and scoring.
Example 2
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
in step S2, the time length of each set of signals corresponding to the excitation samples is 12S,
in step S3-1, each set of signals is subjected to time domain filtering processing by using a high pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 5Hz and a low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 400Hz,
in step S5-4, each load test segment is separated by 3 min.
Example 3
The embodiment describes an application of a test load spectrum of an aircraft vertical vibration test, and the man-machine ring test load spectrum determined based on the method for determining the test load spectrum of the aircraft vertical vibration test in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the test seat on a vibration table, and seating the testee according to the man-machine ring test arrangement;
s2, vibrating the vibration table according to the load spectrum of the man-machine ring test, so that the test seat is driven to vibrate, and the comfort level of the test seat is scored according to personal subjective experience by a subject.
Claims (9)
1. The method for determining the test load spectrum of the aircraft vertical vibration test is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, designing an excitation sample;
s2, acquiring each group of signals of the test seat corresponding to each excitation sample, forming an actually measured reference spectrum, and comparing and analyzing characteristic values of each group of signals, wherein each group of signals respectively comprise 0.5S cosine attenuation at the beginning and the end of the excitation sample;
s3, in order to enable the vibration table to accurately playback the vibration excitation signals, preprocessing each group of signals acquired in the step S2 to form an actual measurement excitation load spectrum, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1, using a high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1-5 Hz and a low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 200-400 Hz to perform time-domain filtering processing on each group of signals,
s3-2, respectively performing cosine attenuation on signals of each group of signals within 0.5S from the beginning to the end of the excitation sample, so that each group of signals after cosine attenuation more conforms to the signals of the actual operation of the vibration table,
s3-3, reducing the sampling frequency of each group of signals to be within the maximum frequency of the vibration table through resampling to form an actual measurement excitation load spectrum;
s4, filtering and adding an amplitude adjusting method according to the vibration characteristics of the human body, and amplifying an excitation sample by taking the amplitude of the vibration acceleration as a step to form a virtual excitation load spectrum;
s5, designing a man-machine ring test load spectrum, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s5-1, designing a test state corresponding to each excitation sample, wherein each test state is composed of a test excitation signal segment and a zero white noise signal segment, the test excitation signal segment is composed of signals corresponding to the excitation samples in an actual measurement excitation load spectrum and a virtual excitation load spectrum,
s5-2, forming a first test load spectrum by all test states according to the flight condition sequence of the airplane,
s5-3, disorganizing all test states of the first test load spectrum, recombining to generate a second test load spectrum,
s5-4, cutting the second test load spectrum generated in the step S5-3 into a plurality of load test segments to obtain a third test load spectrum, wherein each load test segment is separated by 1-3 min, white noise signals are released during the separation period,
s5-5, designing and splicing a plurality of pre-test load spectrums in front of the third test load spectrum to obtain a fourth test load spectrum, and taking the fourth test load spectrum as a test load spectrum for the vertical vibration test of the airplane.
2. The method for determining the test load spectrum for the vertical vibration test of the aircraft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the excitation sample in the step S1 is formed by combining the seat position and the flight condition.
3. The method of determining a test load spectrum for an aircraft vertical vibration test of claim 2, wherein the seat position comprises: a front cabin, a middle cabin and a rear cabin.
4. The method for determining the test load spectrum for the vertical vibration test of the aircraft according to claim 2, wherein in the vertical vibration direction, the flight conditions comprise: running, takeoff, climbing, cruising, descending, landing, and taxiing.
5. The method for determining a test load spectrum for vertical vibration testing of an aircraft according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the test seat is an aircraft seat.
6. The method for determining a test load spectrum for testing vertical vibration of an aircraft according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the signal characteristic values comprise: vibration acceleration, maximum frequency component, and amplitude.
7. The method for determining the test load spectrum of the vertical vibration test of the airplane as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the time length of each group of signals is 10-12S.
8. The method for determining the test load spectrum of the vertical vibration test of the aircraft as claimed in claim 1, wherein each set of signals for testing the seat in the step S2 uses a seat back angle vibration signal measured by the aircraft, wherein the seat back angle is a rigid supporting point for connecting the seat with the aircraft body.
9. The application of the test load spectrum of the aircraft vertical vibration test is based on the man-machine ring test load spectrum determined by the test load spectrum determination method of the aircraft vertical vibration test as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the test seat on a vibration table, and seating the testee according to the man-machine ring test arrangement;
s2, vibrating the vibration table according to the load spectrum of the man-machine ring test, so that the test seat is driven to vibrate, and the comfort level of the test seat is scored according to personal subjective experience by a subject.
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