CN114777906A - High-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device and application thereof - Google Patents
High-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114777906A CN114777906A CN202210324289.7A CN202210324289A CN114777906A CN 114777906 A CN114777906 A CN 114777906A CN 202210324289 A CN202210324289 A CN 202210324289A CN 114777906 A CN114777906 A CN 114777906A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
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Abstract
The application discloses a high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device which comprises a shell, wherein a piezoelectric ceramic piece is arranged in the shell, the piezoelectric ceramic piece is horizontally arranged in the shell, the edge of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is fixed with the inner wall of the shell, and a sensing area of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is left empty from top to bottom; the vibration sensing device also comprises a heavy hammer, and the heavy hammer is placed above the center of the piezoelectric ceramic piece. Has the following advantages: through the technical scheme of the heavy hammer, the sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramic piece to sound sensing is greatly improved, so that the remote accurate measurement of the sound with long distance and small energy is achieved, and the precision of remote sound detection such as pipe network water leakage, power grid electric leakage and noise pollution is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device, belonging to the technical field of electronic sensors.
Background
In the field of sound measurement and control, the piezoelectric ceramic piece is widely applied, and in the conventional design, external sound is mostly transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic piece through the shell and air, so that the piezoelectric ceramic piece is subjected to vibration impact of sound waves to excite a sensing current signal. The design has low sensitivity, short sensing distance and poor accuracy, and the application of the piezoelectric ceramic piece in the aspect of sound sensing is greatly limited. For example, the patent "piezoelectric acoustic sensor" of patent No. 200510089078.6 has low sensing sensitivity and poor accuracy, and can only detect noise signals of the operation conditions of a device at a short distance and with loud sound. The sound sensor applied to water supply pipe network leakage detection at present also adopts the piezoceramics piece mode more, because the limitation that its sensitivity is low, can only detect the leak source that the distance is nearer, sound is great, this makes the technique that the pipe network leaks detection can't obtain general application, has become insurmountable difficult point in modern technology applications such as thing networking, big data.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device aiming at the defects, and through the technical scheme of the heavy hammer, the sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramic piece to sound sensing is greatly improved, so that the remote accurate measurement of the sound with long distance and small energy is realized, and the precision of remote sound detection such as pipe network water leakage, power grid electric leakage and noise pollution is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device comprises a shell, wherein a piezoelectric ceramic piece is arranged in the shell, the piezoelectric ceramic piece is horizontally arranged in the shell, the edge of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is fixed with the inner wall of the shell, and a sensing area of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is empty from top to bottom;
the vibration sensing device also comprises a heavy hammer, and the heavy hammer is placed above the center of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Furthermore, the heavy hammer is not fixedly connected with the shell and the piezoelectric ceramic piece, and is placed on the piezoelectric ceramic piece through the self weight of the heavy hammer.
Furthermore, the periphery of the heavy hammer is provided with a guide mechanism, one end of the guide mechanism is fixed on the inner wall of the shell, the other end of the guide mechanism is smooth and is in contact with the heavy hammer, the guide mechanism is used for supporting the heavy hammer to enable the heavy hammer to stand vertically, meanwhile, the heavy hammer and the guide mechanism do not generate friction resistance, the heavy hammer can move up and down fully when being subjected to sound vibration, and all weight and vibration energy are transferred to the piezoelectric ceramic plate.
Furthermore, guiding mechanism includes the leading truck, and the one end of leading truck is fixed on the inner wall of casing, and the other end of leading truck is the free end, and the pulley is installed to the free end of leading truck.
Furthermore, the free end of the guide frame adopts a smooth end head.
Furthermore, the guide mechanism adopts a traction cable mode.
Furthermore, magnetic steel is arranged below the piezoelectric ceramic piece and used for being placed on the metal water supply pipeline in an attracting mode.
Furthermore, the shape of the weight is cylindrical or square column, and the lower end of the weight can be pen-shaped, spherical or conical.
Furthermore, a hanging platform is arranged at the upper end of the shell, a concave groove and a long hole are formed in the hanging platform, a stop pin is arranged at the upper section of the heavy hammer, the stop pin is lifted up and placed on the concave groove, and the lower end of the heavy hammer is not in contact with the piezoelectric ceramic plate; when the stop pin horizontally rotates 90 degrees, the stop pin falls down from the long hole, and the heavy hammer falls on the piezoelectric ceramic sheet.
Furthermore, a sealing gland is arranged on the upper end shell of the heavy hammer and used for sealing the heavy hammer and the shell.
The application of a high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device is characterized in that the sensing device is arranged on a water supply pipeline, when an external vibration sound source on the water supply pipeline is transmitted to the sensing device, a piezoelectric ceramic piece can synchronously fluctuate along with a shell, the traditional heavy hammer is relatively static, when the piezoelectric ceramic piece fluctuates downwards, the heavy hammer can downwards follow the gravity of the heavy hammer, and when the vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric ceramic piece rebounds from the bottom, the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the heavy hammer collide strongly to generate a large sensing current signal when encountering the descending heavy hammer;
then the piezoelectric ceramic piece is fluctuated and ascended, the heavy hammer is also ascended along with the piezoelectric ceramic piece due to the gravity influence of the heavy hammer, the piezoelectric ceramic piece bears a relatively large pressure, when the upward amplitude of the piezoelectric ceramic piece reaches the top, the heavy hammer continues to be upward or kept in place for a certain time due to inertia, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece releases the loaded pressure to generate a sensing current, so that the sensing device can continuously output a strong signal due to the action of the heavy hammer
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
through the technical scheme of designing the heavy hammer, the sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramic piece to sound sensing is greatly improved, so that the remote accurate measurement of the sound with long distance and small energy is achieved, and the precision of remote sound detection such as pipe network water leakage, power grid electric leakage and noise pollution is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application of the sensing device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pulley-free guide frame sensor device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing device of the traction cable guide frame according to the present invention;
FIGS. 6-8 are schematic views of the result of the suspension table and gland of the present invention;
FIGS. 9-13 are graphs showing the test results of the sensing device of the present invention and the sensing device without a weighted object;
in the attached drawing, 1, a piezoelectric ceramic piece; 2. a weight dropper; 3. a pulley; 4. a guide frame; 5. a housing; 6. magnetic steel; 7. a traction cable; 8, hanging a platform; 9, a stop pin; 10. a sealing gland; 11. a concave groove; 12. a long hole.
Detailed Description
The vibration sensing device also comprises a heavy hammer 2, wherein the heavy hammer 2 is arranged above the center of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1, the heavy hammer 2 is not fixedly connected with the shell 5 and the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1, and the heavy hammer 2 is arranged on the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 only through the self weight of the heavy hammer 2.
The shape of the weight 2 is cylindrical or square column, the lower end of the weight can be pen-shaped, spherical or conical, the weight 2 can be made of metal or nonmetal material with high specific gravity, and the weight can be adjusted according to the design requirement.
The periphery of the heavy hammer 2 is provided with a guide mechanism, the guide mechanism is used for supporting the heavy hammer 2 to enable the heavy hammer to stand vertically, and meanwhile, no frictional resistance is generated between the guide mechanism and the heavy hammer so that the heavy hammer 2 can move up and down fully when being subjected to sound vibration, and all weight and vibration energy are transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic plate 1.
The guiding mechanism comprises a guiding frame 4, one end of the guiding frame 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the shell 5, the other end of the guiding frame 4 is a free end, a pulley 3 is installed at the free end of the guiding frame 4, the guiding frame 4 and the pulley 3 are used for supporting the heavy hammer 2 to enable the heavy hammer to stand vertically, the pulley 3 enables the free ends of the heavy hammer 2 and the guiding frame 4 not to generate friction resistance, so that the heavy hammer 2 can move up and down sufficiently when being subjected to sound vibration, and all weight and vibration energy are transmitted on the piezoelectric ceramic plate 1.
As shown in fig. 4, the free end of the guide frame 4 can also be a smooth end, and the smooth end can also make the weight 2 and the free end of the guide frame 4 not generate friction resistance.
As shown in fig. 5, the guide mechanism is in the form of a traction cable.
And magnetic steel 6 is arranged below the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 and used for being placed on a metal water supply pipeline in an attracting mode.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, a hanging platform 8 is provided on the upper end of the housing 5, a concave groove 11 and a long hole 12 are provided on the hanging platform 8, a stop pin 9 is provided on the upper section of the weight 2, the stop pin 9 is lifted up and placed on the concave groove 11, and the lower end of the weight 2 is not contacted with the piezoelectric ceramic plate 1; the stop pin 9 horizontally rotates by 90 degrees, the stop pin 9 falls from the strip hole 12, the heavy hammer 2 falls on the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1, and the hanging table 8 and the stop pin 9 have the functions of preventing the impact damage of the heavy hammer to the piezoelectric ceramic piece in the carrying and storing process of the sensor, and the heavy hammer falls on the piezoelectric ceramic piece only when the sensor enters an application site.
Further, on the housing 5 at the upper end of the weight 2, a sealing cover 10 is provided for sealing the weight 2 and the housing 5.
When an external sound source is transmitted to the device, the shell 5, the heavy hammer 2 and the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 all generate vibration, but due to the suspension and the weight of the heavy hammer 2, the vibration energy of the heavy hammer 2 is directly transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1, so that impact force which is much larger than the sound through the air is generated on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1, and further, very small sound at a long distance can be sensed, and the sensing sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 is greatly improved.
The utility model provides an application of high sensitive piezoceramics vibration sensing device, concrete analysis, when external vibration sound source transmitted this device, piezoceramics piece 1 can follow 5 synchronous fluctuations of casing, weight 2 was static relatively before, when piezoceramics piece 1 undulant downwards, weight 2 can follow downwards because of self gravity, and when piezoceramics piece 1 vibration range touched end bounce-back, met the weight that is descending, piezoceramics piece 1 just can produce comparatively strong striking with weight 2 at this moment, produce a great sensing current signal. Then the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 rises by wave, the heavy hammer 2 also rises along with the rise, due to the influence of gravity, the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 bears a relatively large pressure, after the upward amplitude of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 reaches the top, the heavy hammer 2 keeps on going upward or in place for a certain time due to inertia, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 releases the borne pressure to generate a sensing current. Thus, the sensing device can continuously output strong signals due to the action of the heavy hammer 2. After the signal is collected, amplified, processed and calibrated, the strength of the vibration sound source signal can be accurately judged, and therefore the size and the distance of the vibration sound source can be deduced.
Under the same conditions, the piezoelectric ceramic piece sound sensor without the weight is tested with the piezoelectric ceramic piece vibration sensing device with the weight, and the test results are as follows:
firstly, testing conditions: the sensing device is arranged on a tap water pipe at a distance of 10 meters from the tap, the size of the tap is adjusted to observe the effect, and the water outlet is a common four-way water nozzle (the tap is used for simulating a water leakage point).
1. When the tap is fully opened, the sensing device without the weighted sensor (prior art) has only positive and negative voltage signals of 10mV at 200mV shift of the oscilloscope, as shown in fig. 9.
2. The sensing device after the weight is added has a voltage signal of plus or minus 300mV when the tap is opened to one third, as shown in FIG. 10.
3. The sensing device with the weight added has a voltage signal output of plus or minus 800mV when the faucet is fully open, as shown in FIG. 11.
As can be seen by comparison, when the sensing device is not weighted, no matter the water quantity, the sensing device only has 10mV signal output at 200mV gear of the oscilloscope; after the heavy hammer is added and released by the sensing device, a voltage signal of 300mV is output when the tap is opened to one third; the weight is added to the sensing device, the voltage signal of 800mV is output when the tap is fully opened, and through the tests, the sensitivity of the sensing device is much higher compared with the sensing device without the weight.
And secondly, testing conditions, namely, arranging the sensing device at a position 100 meters away from the faucet on a tap water pipe, observing the effect when the faucet is fully opened, and taking a common four-way faucet as a water outlet.
1. When the tap is fully opened, the sensing device without the weighted object has almost no voltage signal output at the 100mV gear of the oscilloscope, as shown in FIG. 12.
2. When the tap is fully opened, the sensing device of the weighted counter weight displays 200mV voltage signal output at the 100mV gear of the oscilloscope, as shown in FIG. 13.
It can be seen from comparison that, when the test distance is 100 meters away, the sensing device without the weight (in the prior art) cannot detect the missing point signal, and the sensing device with the weight has a stronger sensing signal at the same test distance.
According to tests, compared with the conventional piezoelectric ceramic chip sound sensor without a heavy hammer design, the sensing device disclosed by the invention has higher sensitivity, can effectively detect a more tiny sound signal with a longer distance, and can be widely applied to pipe network water leakage detection, power grid electricity leakage ignition detection, detection of other sounds or noises and the like.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high sensitive piezoceramics vibration sensing device which characterized in that: the sensor comprises a shell (5), wherein a piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is arranged in the shell (5), the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is horizontally arranged in the shell (5), the edge of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is fixed with the inner wall of the shell (5), and a sensing area of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is empty from top to bottom;
the vibration sensing device further comprises a heavy hammer (2), and the heavy hammer (2) is placed above the center of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1).
2. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 1, wherein: the heavy hammer (2) is not fixedly connected with the shell (5) and the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and is placed on the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) through the self weight of the heavy hammer (2).
3. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 1, wherein: the periphery of weight (2) is equipped with guiding mechanism, and guiding mechanism's one end is fixed on the inner wall of casing (5), and guiding mechanism's the other end is smooth, with weight (2) contact, guiding mechanism is used for holding weight (2) and makes it stand vertically, weight (2) and guiding mechanism do not produce frictional resistance simultaneously, make weight (2) can the up-and-down full motion when receiving sound vibration, with whole weight and vibration energy transmission on piezoceramics piece (1).
4. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 3, wherein: the guide mechanism comprises a guide frame (4), one end of the guide frame (4) is fixed on the inner wall of the shell (5), the other end of the guide frame (4) is a free end, and the pulley (3) is installed at the free end of the guide frame (4).
5. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 4, wherein: the free end of the guide frame (4) adopts a smooth end head.
6. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 3, wherein: the guide mechanism adopts a traction rope mode.
7. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 1, wherein: and magnetic steel (6) is arranged below the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and used for attracting and placing the piezoelectric ceramic piece to a metal water supply pipeline.
8. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 1, wherein: a hanging platform (8) is arranged at the upper end of the shell (5), a concave groove (11) and a long hole (12) are formed in the hanging platform (8), a stop pin (9) is arranged at the upper section of the heavy hammer (2), the stop pin (9) is lifted up and placed on the concave groove (11), and the lower end of the heavy hammer (2) is not in contact with the piezoelectric ceramic plate (1); the stop pin (9) horizontally rotates by 90 degrees, the stop pin (9) falls from the strip hole (12), and the heavy hammer (2) falls on the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 1.
9. A high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to claim 8, wherein: and a sealing gland (10) is arranged on the shell (5) at the upper end of the heavy hammer (2) and used for sealing the heavy hammer (2) and the shell (5).
10. The application of the high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic vibration sensing device is characterized in that: the high sensitivity piezoceramic vibration sensing device according to any of claims 1-8, mounted on a water supply pipeline, wherein when an external vibration sound source on the water supply pipeline is transmitted to the sensing device, the piezoceramic sheet (1) will follow the housing (5) to fluctuate synchronously, the weight (2) is relatively static before this, when the piezoceramic sheet (1) fluctuates downwards, the weight (2) will follow downwards due to its own gravity, and when the piezoceramic sheet (1) vibrates in a bottom-touching rebound manner, and meets the descending weight (2), the piezoceramic sheet (1) and the weight (2) will generate stronger impact, and generate a larger sensing current signal;
then the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) rises in a fluctuating way, the heavy hammer (2) also rises along with the rising, the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) bears a relatively large pressure due to the gravity influence of the heavy hammer (2), when the upward amplitude of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) reaches the top, the heavy hammer (2) continues to go up or keep in place for a certain time due to inertia, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) releases the loaded pressure to generate a sensing current, so that the sensing device can continuously output a strong signal due to the action of the heavy hammer (2).
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2022
- 2022-03-29 CN CN202210324289.7A patent/CN114777906A/en active Pending
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