CN114777468A - Carbonization treatment system and carbonization treatment process for graphite negative electrode material of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Carbonization treatment system and carbonization treatment process for graphite negative electrode material of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114777468A
CN114777468A CN202210316063.2A CN202210316063A CN114777468A CN 114777468 A CN114777468 A CN 114777468A CN 202210316063 A CN202210316063 A CN 202210316063A CN 114777468 A CN114777468 A CN 114777468A
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temperature
carbonization
rotary kiln
kiln
section
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侯拥和
刘诗华
王佳宾
黄少波
史明
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Hunan Asmi Technology Co ltd
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Hunan Asmi Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/32—Arrangement of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/36—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B7/362—Introducing gas into the drum axially or through the wall
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F27B2007/025—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with different chambers, e.g. treatment zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/36—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B7/362—Introducing gas into the drum axially or through the wall
    • F27B2007/365—Introducing gas into the drum axially or through the wall longitudinally

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a carbonization treatment system and a carbonization treatment process for graphite cathode materials of a lithium ion battery, and the carbonization treatment system comprises a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, wherein the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln comprises a rotatable barrel; the cylinder comprises a preheating section, a high-temperature heating section and a cooling section; and heating bodies are arranged outside the preheating section and the high-temperature heating section to heat the cylinder body. The carbonization treatment process comprises the following steps: the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln can reach a working state; feeding the coated graphite cathode material raw material into a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln; the graphite cathode material is sequentially subjected to a preheating section and a high-temperature heating section in the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, and then cooled to obtain the carbonized graphite cathode material. The invention solves the problems of low reaction rate, high energy consumption, long retention time, and large consumption of saggar and other material containers of the graphite cathode material in the traditional high-temperature carbonization process; the heating body adopts a heat accumulating type burner to perform combustion heating, so that the heat energy utilization rate is improved.

Description

Carbonization treatment system and carbonization treatment process for graphite negative electrode material of lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbonization treatment technology of graphite cathode materials of lithium ion batteries, belonging to the technical field of manufacturing of cathode materials of lithium ion batteries.
Background
In the production process of graphite negative electrode materials of lithium ion batteries, in order to ensure the effective charge amount of a graphitization process and avoid furnace spraying and other reasons in the aspects of safety and environmental protection, generally, materials are carbonized before graphitization so as to discharge volatile matters in the materials. At present, the carbonization working section for producing graphite cathode materials of lithium ion batteries generally adopts a static high-temperature carbonization process of a roller kiln/pushed slab kiln, and the carbonization equipment has the common characteristics that:
(1) materials need to be contained in the ceramic sagger, and the ceramic sagger absorbs a large amount of heat, so that the energy consumption utilization rate is low;
(2) because static sintering is adopted, the heat transfer is limited, and longer heat treatment retention time is needed compared with dynamic sintering, so the overall energy consumption is higher;
(3) the heating mode is electric heating, and the capacity of single equipment is small; the equipment quantity is large, the investment is high, and the occupied area is large; the equipment has low continuous automation degree and poor operating environment.
Meanwhile, the traditional gas external heating rotary kiln has the problems of high combustion tail gas emission temperature and low heat utilization rate. Although the heat utilization rate can be partially improved by preheating combustion-supporting air through the tail gas generated by gas combustion, the heat utilization rate is limited by the reasons of the efficiency and the cost of the heat exchanger, the exhaust temperature of the tail gas after heat exchange is still as high as 350-500 ℃, and the waste heat utilization capacity is still limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbonization treatment system and a carbonization treatment process for graphite cathode materials of lithium ion batteries, aiming at solving the problems of high energy consumption, low single-machine productivity, large sagger container consumption, high investment cost and low automation degree caused by the traditional carbonization mode of the graphite cathode materials of the lithium ion batteries.
The scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a lithium ion battery graphite negative electrode material carbonization treatment system comprises a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, wherein the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln comprises a rotatable barrel, one end of the barrel is used for feeding, and the other end of the barrel is used for discharging; the cylinder comprises a preheating section, a high-temperature heating section and a cooling section, wherein the preheating section is close to the feeding end, and the cooling section is close to the discharging end; and heating bodies are arranged outside the preheating section and the high-temperature heating section to heat the cylinder body. The high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is adopted to carbonize the graphite cathode material, and is designed into a three-section type working mode with a preheating section, a high-temperature heating section and a cooling section, so that the assembly line carbonization reaction of the graphite cathode material can be realized, the investment is low, the productivity is high, and the automation degree is high.
Preferably, the heating body is heated by a regenerative burner, and the regenerative burner is controlled by a regenerative burner switching valve to switch combustion. The heating bodies outside the preheating section and the high-temperature heating section are heated by adopting heat accumulating type burners, so that the heating temperature can be fully regulated and controlled according to the temperature condition required to be heated, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Preferably, the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln further comprises a kiln head box and a kiln tail box, wherein the kiln tail box is positioned at the feeding end of the cylinder body, and the kiln head box is positioned at the discharging end of the cylinder body; the kiln head box is connected with a mass transfer gas inlet pipeline, and the kiln tail box is connected with a carbonized smoke discharge pipeline. The gas pipeline with mass transfer function is arranged on the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, so that the volatile matters dissociated from the inside of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln can be smoothly discharged, and the carbonization is further accelerated. The mass transfer gas adopts nitrogen, which not only meets the mass transfer requirement, but also does not pollute the raw materials.
Further preferably, the carbonization treatment system further comprises a vacuum feeder, a buffer bin, a weighing and metering unit and a screw feeder which are connected in sequence; the screw feeder is connected with the kiln tail box; the weighing and metering unit adopts a weightless scale or a screw scale; and a roller cooler is connected behind the kiln head box and is cooled by softened circulating cooling water.
More preferably, the cylindrical body is made of a Q235, Q345, 304, 316L, 310S or GH-series high temperature heat resistant alloy material. Different cylinders can affect internal reaction substances, and the effect is optimal when the materials are used for carbonizing graphite cathode materials of lithium ion batteries.
Further preferably, the cooling section is provided with a spraying device; and the cooling section is also provided with a layer of water spraying shell.
Further preferably, the installation position of the cylinder body presents that the feeding end is high and the discharging end is low, and the horizontal inclination angle is 0-3 degrees.
Based on the same technical idea, the invention also provides a carbonization treatment process by using the graphite negative electrode material carbonization treatment system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a heat accumulating type burner to heat a cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, so that a preheating section and a high-temperature heating section of the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln reach preset temperatures; the cooling section of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln can reach a working state;
(2) feeding the coated graphite cathode material raw material into a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln;
(3) the graphite cathode material is sequentially subjected to a preheating section and a high-temperature heating section in the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, and then cooled to obtain the carbonized graphite cathode material.
Further preferably, the switching time of the regenerative burner switching valve is controlled simultaneously by monitoring the exhaust temperature of the tail gas in the regenerative burner. The method can improve the heat energy utilization rate of the natural gas in the heat accumulating type burner, and achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
Further preferably, the temperature of the preheating section of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is 350-900 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature heating section of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is 900-1200 ℃; the switching time of the heat accumulating type burner switching valve is 20-180 seconds; the rotating speed of the rotary cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization kiln is 0-5 rpm; the retention time of the graphite cathode material in the high-temperature carbonization rotary carbonization kiln is 60-360 min.
Preferably, when the raw material is fed into the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln in the step (2), the mass transfer gas is continuously fed into the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln through the mass transfer gas feeding pipeline, and the carbonization flue gas in the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is discharged through the carbonization flue gas discharging pipeline.
Further preferably, the cooling in the step (3) adopts a one-stage cooling or a two-stage cooling; the one-stage cooling is to directly cool the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln to the required temperature by utilizing a cooling section of the cylinder; the two-stage cooling is that the cooling section of the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is firstly used for cooling to 200-300 ℃, and then the temperature is cooled to 50-60 ℃ by a roller cooler. The problem of long operation time when the cooling section is directly cooled is solved by the two-section type cooling; the problem that the carbonized graphite cathode material is easily oxidized again when being cooled after being transferred is also avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention solves the problems of low reaction rate, high energy consumption, long retention time, and large consumption of saggar and other material containers of the graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery in the traditional high-temperature carbonization process; the heating body adopts the regenerative burner to carry out combustion heating, thereby greatly reducing the exhaust temperature of the combustion tail gas of the natural gas and improving the heat energy utilization rate.
The invention adopts the mode of automatic weighing and continuous feeding to the carbonization process of the graphite cathode material, so that the whole carbonization treatment process has high automation degree, good operation environment and low labor intensity. The problem that the temperature is reduced by a single step is difficult to quickly meet the requirement of temperature reduction is solved by a step-by-step temperature reduction mode; and the step-by-step cooling mode can make the materials after the carbonization treatment process flow into different lower-stage treatment processes as required, thereby improving the process adaptability of the carbonization treatment process in the cathode material treatment process. The gas pipeline with mass transfer function is arranged on the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, so that the volatile matters dissociated from the inside of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln can be smoothly discharged, and the carbonization is further accelerated. By optimizing the matching relationship between the rotating speeds of the regenerative burner switching valve in the heating body and the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln achieves the optimal heat utilization under the condition of using fuel at the minimum.
The consumption of the natural gas of the carbonization treatment system per ton of the carbonized product is less than or equal to 100Nm3(ii) a The volatile component of the carbonized material produced by the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is less than or equal to 1 percent; the heating body with the heat accumulating type burner is externally heated on the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, and the consumption of natural gas is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with that of the common burner.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a carbonization treatment system for graphite cathode materials of lithium ion batteries.
Wherein: 1. a vacuum feeder; 2. a buffer bin; 3. a weighing and metering unit; 4. a screw feeder; 5. a kiln tail box; 6. a barrel; 7. a transmission mechanism; 8. a heating body; 9. a water spraying shell; 10. a kiln head box; 11. a combustion fan; 12. a regenerative burner switching valve; 13. a heat accumulating type burner; 14. a spraying device; 15. a drum cooler; 16. a cooling water tank; 17. introducing a mass transfer gas into the pipeline; 18. discharging the carbonized flue gas out of the pipeline; A. a preheating section; B. a high temperature heating section; C. and a cooling section.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below. In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below. It should be particularly noted that in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
A carbonization treatment system for graphite cathode materials of lithium ion batteries is shown in figure 1 and comprises a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, wherein the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln comprises a rotatable barrel 6, and a transmission mechanism 7 drives the barrel 6 to rotate; one end of the cylinder 6 is used for feeding materials, and the other end of the cylinder is used for discharging materials; the cylinder 6 comprises a preheating section A, a high-temperature heating section B and a cooling section C, wherein the preheating section A is close to the feeding end, and the cooling section C is close to the discharging end; and heating bodies 8 are arranged outside the preheating section A and the high-temperature heating section B to heat the barrel 6.
In the embodiment, the heating body 8 adopts a pair of regenerative burners 13 and controls combustion switching by a regenerative burner switching valve 12; the switching time of the regenerative burner switching valve is 30 seconds. The heating body 8 adopts a mode of mixed combustion of natural gas and air to provide heat; the combustion fan 11 supplies air to the heat accumulating type burner 13 in the heating body 8.
In this embodiment, a spraying device 14 is disposed on the cooling section C. The carbonization treatment system is also provided with a cooling water tank 16 for recovering cooling water of the cooling section C, the cooling water of the cooling section C adopts general circulating cooling water, and the recovered cooling water is pumped into the spraying device 14 by a cooling water return pump, so that the cyclic utilization of water resources is realized. And a layer of water spraying shell 9 is also distributed on the cooling section C of the cylinder 6. The cooling section C is wrapped by the water spraying shell 9, so that the spraying device 14 cools the cooling section C in the water spraying shell 9, the sufficient heat transfer of cooling water is ensured, and the working environment is not influenced by uncontrollable water flow in the cooling process.
In this embodiment, the mounting position of the barrel 6 presents a high feed end and a low discharge end, and the horizontal inclination angle is 0-3 °. By designing the installation position of the cylinder body 6 to be a horizontal inclination angle of 0-3 degrees, the materials can automatically and forwards rotate in the cylinder body 6 at a reasonable speed. So that the retention time of the materials in the cylinder 6 is kept between 60 and 360 min.
In this embodiment, the high temperature carbonization rotary kiln further comprises a kiln head box 10 and a kiln tail box 5, wherein the kiln tail box 5 is located at the feed end of the cylinder 6, a feed inlet is formed in the kiln tail box 5, the kiln head box 10 is located at the discharge end of the cylinder 6, and a discharge outlet is formed in the kiln head box 10; the kiln head box 10 is connected with a mass transfer gas inlet pipeline 17, and the kiln tail box 5 is connected with a carbonization flue gas discharge pipeline 18. The mass transfer gas is nitrogen and mainly has the function of successfully removing volatile matters dissociated from the interior of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln.
In this embodiment, a roller cooler 15 is further connected behind the kiln head box 10, the roller cooler 15 is cooled by softened circulating cooling water, and the spraying device 14 is cooled by common circulating cooling water.
In this embodiment, the carbonization treatment system further comprises a vacuum feeder 1, a buffer bin 2, a weighing and metering unit 3 and a screw feeder 4 which are connected in sequence; the screw feeder 4 is connected with the kiln tail box 5. Through setting up this type of feedway that weighs for the feed in the system also can accurate control, and can be according to actual carbomorphism working condition control feeding volume.
In the present embodiment, the weighing and metering unit 3 is a weightless scale or a screw scale.
In the present embodiment, the cylinder 6 is made of Q235, Q345, 304, 316L, 310S or GH series high temperature heat-resistant alloy material. The special manufacturing material is adopted because different processing materials can carbonize the cylinder of the rotary kiln at high temperature to generate reaction; the barrel of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln manufactured by the material has better stability when being used for carbonizing the graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery.
Example 2
A carbonization treatment process which is carried out by using the carbonization treatment system of the graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery in the embodiment 1; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a heating body 8 to heat the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln and simultaneously starting a spraying device 14 of a cooling section C to enable a preheating section A and a high-temperature heating section B of the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln to reach carbonization temperatures; so that the cooling section C of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln can reach a working state.
(2) Graphite negative electrode materials in a vacuum feeder 1 are fed into a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln with the specification of phi 1500 multiplied by 25000mm continuously through a kiln tail box 5 by a screw feeder 4 according to the amount of 450kg/h after being weighed by a buffer bin 2 and a weighing unit 3.
(3) The graphite negative electrode material sequentially passes through a preheating section A, a high-temperature heating section B and a cooling section C in the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln to complete carbonization treatment and preliminary cooling. The heat accumulating type burner switching valve 12 in the heating body 8 controls the switching time of the heat accumulating type burner 13 to be 40-150 seconds, so that the temperature of the preheating section A of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is maintained at 350-900 ℃, and the temperature of the high-temperature heating section B of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is maintained at 950-980 ℃. According to the temperature, the transmission mechanism 7 drives the high-temperature carbonization kiln rotary cylinder 6 to rotate at the rotating speed of 0-5rpm, and the retention time of the graphite negative electrode material in the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is 60-360 min. The cooling section C reduces the temperature of the material to 200-300 ℃. Then the carbonized graphite cathode material is sent into a roller cooler 15 through a kiln head box 10 to be deeply cooled to below 60 ℃ to obtain the graphite cathode material suitable for the next treatment process.
In this embodiment, a cooling water tank 16 is provided for recovering the cooling water in the cooling section C, and the recovered cooling water is pumped into the spraying device 14 by a cooling water return pump, so as to realize the recycling of water resources. And a layer of water spraying shell 9 is further distributed at the cooling section C of the cylinder 6. The cooling section C is wrapped by the water spraying shell 9, so that the spraying device 14 cools the cooling section C inside the water spraying shell 9, the sufficient heat transfer of cooling water is guaranteed, and the working environment is not influenced by uncontrollable water flow in the cooling process.
In this example, nitrogen was used as the mass transfer gas during carbonization of the graphite-based negative electrode material, so that the volatile matter removed during carbonization of the graphite-based negative electrode material was removed. The nitrogen is introduced into the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln through a mass transfer gas inlet pipe 17 connected with the kiln head box 10 and is discharged through a carbonization flue gas discharge pipe 18 connected with the kiln tail box 5.
The natural gas consumption of the ton carbonized treatment product in the embodiment is 100m3The consumption of natural gas of a ton carbonization treatment product of a common burner is 200m3(ii) a Therefore, in the embodiment, the heat accumulating type burner heating body is adopted to externally heat the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, and the consumption of natural gas is reduced by 50 percent compared with that of a common burner. Through detection, the volatile content of the material after the carbonization treatment process is less than or equal to 0.8 percent, and the tap density is more than or equal to 0.8 percent.
Example 3
A carbonization treatment process which is carried out by using the carbonization treatment system of the graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery in the embodiment 1; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a heating body 8 to heat the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln and simultaneously starting a spraying device 14 of a cooling section C to enable a preheating section A and a high-temperature heating section B of the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln to reach carbonization temperatures; so that the cooling section C of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln can reach a working state.
(2) Graphite negative electrode materials in a vacuum feeder 1 are weighed by a buffer bin 2 and a weighing unit 3, and then are continuously fed into a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln with the specification of phi 1500 multiplied by 25000mm from a kiln tail box 5 through a screw feeder 4 according to the quantity of 650 kg/h.
(3) The graphite negative electrode material sequentially passes through a preheating section A, a high-temperature heating section B and a cooling section C in the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln to complete carbonization treatment and preliminary cooling. The switching time of the regenerative burner 13 is controlled to be 40-150 seconds by the regenerative burner switching valve 12 in the heating body 8, so that the temperature of the preheating section A of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is maintained at 350-900 ℃, and the temperature of the high-temperature heating section B of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is maintained at 950-980 ℃. According to the temperature, the transmission mechanism 7 drives the high-temperature carbonization kiln rotary cylinder 6 to rotate at the rotating speed of 0-5rpm, and the retention time of the graphite negative electrode material in the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is 60-360 min. The cooling section C reduces the temperature of the materials to 200-300 ℃. And then the carbonized graphite cathode material is sent into a roller cooler 15 through a kiln head box 10 to be deeply cooled to below 60 ℃ to obtain the graphite cathode material suitable for the next treatment process.
In this embodiment, the cooling water tank 16 is disposed to recover the cooling water in the cooling section C, the cooling water in the cooling section C is general circulating cooling water, and the recovered cooling water is pumped into the spraying device 14 by the cooling water return pump, so as to realize recycling of water resources. And a layer of water spraying shell 9 is also distributed on the cooling section C of the cylinder 6. The cooling section C is wrapped by the water spraying shell 9, so that the spraying device 14 cools the cooling section C inside the water spraying shell 9, the sufficient heat transfer of cooling water is guaranteed, and the working environment is not influenced by uncontrollable water flow in the cooling process.
In this embodiment, nitrogen is used as the mass transfer gas during the carbonization of the graphite-based negative electrode material, so that the volatile matter removed during the carbonization of the graphite-based negative electrode material is removed. The nitrogen enters the cylinder 6 of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln through a mass transfer gas inlet pipe 17 connected with the kiln head box 10 and is discharged through a carbonization flue gas discharge pipe 18 connected with the kiln tail box 5.
The natural gas consumption of the ton carbonized treatment product in the embodiment is 100m3The natural gas consumption of a ton of carbonized treatment product of a common burner is 200m3(ii) a Therefore, in the embodiment, the heat accumulating type burner heating body is adopted to externally heat the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, and the consumption of natural gas is reduced by 50 percent compared with that of a common burner. Through detection, the volatile content of the material after the carbonization treatment process is less than or equal to 0.8 percent, and the tap density is more than or equal to 0.8 percent.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A lithium ion battery graphite negative electrode material carbonization treatment system is characterized by comprising a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, wherein the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln comprises a rotatable barrel (6), one end of the barrel (6) is used for feeding materials, and the other end of the barrel is used for discharging materials; the cylinder (6) comprises a preheating section (A), a high-temperature heating section (B) and a cooling section (C), wherein the preheating section (A) is close to the feeding end, and the cooling section (C) is close to the discharging end; heating bodies (8) are arranged outside the preheating section (A) and the high-temperature heating section (B) to heat the cylinder body (6).
2. The carbonization treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the heating body (8) is heated by a regenerative burner (13), and the regenerative burner (13) is switched by a regenerative burner switching valve (12) to control combustion.
3. The carbonization treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln further comprises a kiln head box (10) and a kiln tail box (5), the kiln tail box (5) is positioned at the feeding end of the cylinder (6), and the kiln head box (10) is positioned at the discharging end of the cylinder (6); the kiln head box (10) is connected with a mass transfer gas inlet pipeline (17), and the kiln tail box (5) is connected with a carbonization flue gas discharge pipeline (18).
4. The carbonization treatment system according to claim 3, further comprising a vacuum feeder (1), a buffer bin (2), a weighing and metering unit (3) and a screw feeder (4) which are connected in sequence; the screw feeder (4) is connected with the kiln tail box (5); and a roller cooler (15) is connected behind the kiln head box (10), and the roller cooler (15) is cooled by softened circulating cooling water.
5. The carbonization treatment system according to claim 4, wherein the cylinder (6) is made of Q235, Q345, 304, 316L, 310S or GH series high temperature heat-resistant alloy material.
6. A carbonization treatment process by using the graphite negative electrode material carbonization treatment system of any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) starting a heat accumulating type burner (13) to heat a cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, so that a preheating section (A) and a high-temperature heating section (B) of the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln reach preset temperatures; the cooling section (C) of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln can reach a working state;
(2) feeding the coated graphite cathode material raw material into a high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln;
(3) the graphite cathode material is sequentially subjected to a preheating section (A) and a high-temperature heating section (B) in the cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln, and then cooled to obtain the carbonized graphite cathode material.
7. The carbonization treatment process according to claim 6, wherein the switching time of the regenerative burner switching valve (12) is controlled simultaneously by monitoring the exhaust gas temperature in the regenerative burner (13).
8. The carbonization treatment process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the preheating section of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is 350-900 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature heating section of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is 900-1200 ℃; the switching time of the heat accumulating type burner switching valve (12) is 20-180 seconds; the rotating speed of the rotary cylinder of the high-temperature carbonization kiln is 0-5 rpm; the retention time of the graphite cathode material in the high-temperature carbonization rotary carbonization kiln is 60-360 min.
9. The carbonization treatment process according to claim 6, wherein, when the raw material is fed into the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln in the step (2), the mass transfer gas is continuously fed into the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln through the mass transfer gas feeding pipe (17) and the carbonization flue gas in the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is discharged through the carbonization flue gas discharge pipe (18).
10. A carbonization treatment process according to claim 6, wherein the cooling in step (3) is performed in a single-stage cooling or a two-stage cooling; the one-stage temperature reduction is to directly reduce the temperature to the required temperature by utilizing a cooling section (C) of a cylinder body (6) of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln; the two-stage cooling is that the cooling section (C) of the cylinder (6) of the high-temperature carbonization rotary kiln is firstly used for cooling to 200-300 ℃, and then the temperature is cooled to 50-60 ℃ by the roller cooler (15).
CN202210316063.2A 2022-03-28 2022-03-28 Carbonization treatment system and carbonization treatment process for graphite negative electrode material of lithium ion battery Pending CN114777468A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115367746A (en) * 2022-09-02 2022-11-22 安徽科达锂电装备有限公司 Continuous granulation/pre-carbonization method and preparation method of graphite negative electrode material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115367746A (en) * 2022-09-02 2022-11-22 安徽科达锂电装备有限公司 Continuous granulation/pre-carbonization method and preparation method of graphite negative electrode material
CN115367746B (en) * 2022-09-02 2023-11-17 安徽科达锂电装备有限公司 Continuous granulating/pre-carbonizing method and preparation method of graphite anode material

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