CN114777100A - Blowing-out method for quickly cooling full-combustion gas boiler - Google Patents
Blowing-out method for quickly cooling full-combustion gas boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN114777100A CN114777100A CN202210510729.8A CN202210510729A CN114777100A CN 114777100 A CN114777100 A CN 114777100A CN 202210510729 A CN202210510729 A CN 202210510729A CN 114777100 A CN114777100 A CN 114777100A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
Abstract
The invention discloses a blowing-out method for quickly cooling a full-combustion gas boiler, relates to the technical field of power generation operation, and aims to solve the problem of how to shorten the time from blowing-out to entering a hearth for maintenance on the premise of ensuring the safety condition of boiler equipment; the method comprises the steps of splitting a boiler steam system and a main steam main pipe, opening a primary valve and a secondary valve of a boiler superheater for exhausting steam to the air, adjusting combustion control by taking the temperature of a hearth and the pressure of a steam drum as key control points, reducing the temperature and pressure in multiple sections by adopting stepwise weakened combustion, extinguishing the furnace and stopping the furnace after reaching a furnace stopping condition, raising the water level of the steam drum, opening an economizer and then circularly reducing the temperature of the hearth, discharging water under pressure when the pressure of the steam drum is reduced to 0.5Mpa, naturally ventilating and cooling when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to a certain condition, and forcibly ventilating to reduce the temperature of the hearth to an overhauling temperature when the temperature of the hearth is naturally cooled to a certain temperature; the invention reduces the time required by shutdown maintenance, has simple operation, reduces cost, improves efficiency and ensures the safety of the boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation operation, in particular to a furnace shutdown method for quickly cooling a full-combustion gas boiler.
Background
The existing three 220t/h high-temperature and high-pressure full-combustion gas boilers of a power generation system of a Martin company undertake the task of generating power by surplus blast furnace gas of the company, fuel is mainly used for combusting the blast furnace gas, part of coke oven gas and converter gas can be mixed combusted, one boiler maximally uses the blast furnace gas with the gas quantity of 19.6 ten thousand m per hour3. When the boiler is in fault and needs to be overhauled, the blast furnace gas cannot be used, and the blast furnace gas of a company is inevitably diffused in a large amount.
The common power generation boiler is a pulverized coal boiler, and a full-combustion gas boiler is different from the pulverized coal boiler, because a large number of burning guarding belts and furnace bottom solid sealing and other factors are arranged on the surface of a water-cooled wall of a hearth, the boiler can enter the hearth for maintenance only within 40 hours under normal conditions after stopping operation (safety regulations stipulate that the temperature inside the hearth must be reduced to below 60 ℃), and at the moment, a large amount of abundant gas resources are released outwards, so that the fuel heat loss is huge, and the economic loss is serious. According to the existing operating regulations, the furnace can be overhauled only after 40 hours, and the time of the process cannot be shortened. Therefore, a shutdown method for rapidly cooling a full-gas-fired boiler is needed to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blowing-out method for rapidly cooling a full-combustion gas boiler, which aims to solve the problem of how to shorten the time from blowing-out to entering a hearth for overhauling on the premise of ensuring the safety condition of boiler equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a blowing-out method for rapidly cooling a full-combustion gas boiler comprises the following specific steps: before the boiler of the full-combustion gas boiler stops, a boiler steam system and a main steam main pipe are disconnected, a primary valve and a secondary valve of a boiler superheater for exhausting steam to the air are opened, the temperature of a hearth and the pressure of a steam pocket are taken as key control points, combustion control is adjusted, multi-stage cooling and pressure reduction are carried out by adopting step-type weakened combustion, the boiler is shut down after the condition of stopping the boiler is achieved, the water level of the steam pocket is increased, an economizer is opened for recycling to reduce the temperature of the hearth, water is discharged under pressure when the pressure of the steam pocket is reduced to 0.5Mpa, and when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to a certain condition, natural ventilation cooling is carried out, and when the hearth is naturally cooled to a certain temperature, forced ventilation is carried out to reduce the temperature of the hearth to the maintenance temperature.
Preferably, the multistage cooling and pressure reduction are carried out by adopting stepwise weakened combustion and are carried out in three stages, firstly, the pressure of a boiler drum is reduced to 5.0Mpa within 30min, the temperature of a hearth is reduced from 1300 ℃ to 550 ℃, and the stable combustion is carried out for 30min under the condition; reducing the pressure of a steam drum of the boiler to 2.0Mpa within 30min, reducing the temperature of a hearth to 300 ℃, and stably burning for 30min under the condition; and finally, within 10min, reducing the pressure of a boiler drum to 1.0Mpa, reducing the temperature of a hearth to 250 ℃, and stably burning for 50min under the condition.
Preferably, when the combustion is weakened in a stepwise manner, the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of the steam pocket is controlled within 40 ℃, the negative pressure of a hearth is controlled to be-150 Pa, the air supply quantity is controlled, and the oxygen quantity is kept to be 2-6%.
Preferably, when the combustion is weakened in a stepped manner, the coke oven gas is added for combustion supporting and stable combustion.
Preferably, the flameout and furnace shutdown adopts a manual MFT mode, a primary valve and a secondary valve of the superheater for exhausting steam to the air are closed, and all the manhole doors, the inspection door, the inlet baffle of the induced draft fan and the inlet baffle of the air feeder are closed.
Preferably, the water level of the steam drum is raised, the water feeding is stopped after the water level reaches +300mm, the coal economizer is opened in a recycling mode, the temperature of the hearth is reduced by utilizing the steam-water circulation of the boiler, and the pressure of the steam drum is reduced to 0.5Mpa after the boiler is stopped for 2.5 hours.
Preferably, after the furnace is stopped for 12 hours, the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 140 ℃, an inlet baffle of the induced draft fan is opened, and natural ventilation cooling is carried out.
Preferably, after the furnace is stopped for 15 hours, the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 115 ℃, a 6-meter-layer manhole door of the boiler body is opened to strengthen natural ventilation, and the temperature reduction of the hearth is accelerated.
Preferably, after the furnace is shut down for 20 hours, the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 85 ℃, and the induced draft fan and the blower are started for forced ventilation.
Preferably, after the furnace is shut down for 24 hours, the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 60 ℃, and the maintenance requirement is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler, before blowing out, a method of directly blowing out and then slowly cooling is not adopted, a linear cooling and pressure reduction method is not adopted, and stepped cooling and pressure reduction are adopted according to the actual condition of the full-combustion gas boiler, so that the method is more suitable for the characteristics of the full-combustion gas boiler, not only can the cooling of each metal part be accelerated, but also the boiler is more favorable for protecting, the service life can be effectively prolonged, and unnecessary damage is avoided.
2. According to the method for stopping the boiler by quickly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler, after the boiler is flamed out and stopped, the operation method of increasing the water level of the steam drum and opening the economizer for recycling is adopted, the characteristic of steam-water self-circulation of the boiler is fully utilized, and the temperature in the boiler is accelerated and uniformly reduced.
3. According to the method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler, different cooling modes are adopted at different stages after the boiler is shut down, the boiler is stably propelled, the measures are proper, two indexes of the internal temperature of the boiler furnace and the internal parameters of the steam bubbles are simultaneously considered in the whole process, the control is more reliable, and the safety of boiler equipment is guaranteed to the greatest extent.
4. According to the blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler, enough margin is provided for the start time of natural ventilation cooling, the range of natural cooling is enlarged, and forced ventilation cooling, so that the boiler can be well protected from being damaged.
5. The blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler greatly reduces the time required by blowing-out maintenance, can reduce resource waste, has considerable economic benefit and simple operation method, and achieves the effects of reducing cost and improving efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of step-wise abating combustion furnace temperature versus time for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a stepped-down combustion drum pressure versus time diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Different from a pulverized coal boiler for power generation, when a full-combustion gas boiler normally operates, a large amount of heat is generated by gas combustion, the central temperature of a hearth reaches about 1300 ℃, after the boiler is normally stopped, due to the fact that heat dissipation of the large amount of heat in the hearth is slow, the heat storage capacity of a specific burning protection belt in the hearth of the gas boiler is strong, the solid sealing of the bottom of the boiler and the like, the heat dissipation time far exceeds that of the pulverized coal boiler, maintenance personnel need to take 40 hours when entering the hearth for maintenance (the temperature in the boiler is regulated to be below 60 ℃ by safety regulations), and in the initial stage of the boiler stopping, all manhole doors, inspection doors and an inlet baffle of a guiding fan need to be closed to carry out natural cooling in consideration of the reasons that the heating surface of the boiler cannot be rapidly cooled and the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of a steam pocket is smaller than 40 ℃. The normal operation of the unit set of the inventor adopts a main steam main pipe system, the boiler shutdown method is summarized, continuously analyzed and perfected according to the boiler shutdown method of the boiler all the time, and finally the boiler shutdown method for quickly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler is practiced: before the boiler of the full-combustion gas boiler is stopped, a boiler steam system and a main steam main pipe are disconnected, a primary valve and a secondary valve of a boiler superheater for exhausting steam to the air are opened, the combustion control is adjusted by taking the temperature of a hearth and the pressure of a steam pocket as key control points, multi-stage cooling and pressure reduction are carried out by adopting stepwise weakened combustion, the boiler is stopped when the boiler is stopped, the water supply is stopped after the water level of the steam pocket is increased, the water supply is stopped after the water level is preferably +300mm, an economizer is opened for recycling to reduce the temperature of the hearth, water is discharged under pressure when the pressure of the steam pocket is reduced to 0.5MPa, the pressure of the steam pocket can be reduced to 0.5MPa after the boiler is normally stopped for 2.5 hours, natural ventilation cooling is carried out when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to a certain temperature, and forced ventilation is carried out to reduce the temperature of the hearth to the maintenance temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the multi-stage cooling and pressure reduction are carried out by stepwise weakened combustion in three stages, wherein the pressure of a boiler drum is reduced to 5.0Mpa within 30min, the temperature of a hearth is reduced from 1300 ℃ to 550 ℃, and the stable combustion is carried out for 30min under the condition; reducing the pressure of a steam drum of the boiler to 2.0Mpa within 30min, reducing the temperature of a hearth to 300 ℃, and stably burning for 30min under the condition; and finally, within 10min, reducing the pressure of a steam drum of the boiler to 1.0Mpa, reducing the temperature of a hearth to 250 ℃, and stably burning for 50min under the condition.
Furthermore, when the combustion is weakened in a stepped manner, the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of the steam pocket is controlled within 40 ℃, the damage to the boiler is reduced, the negative pressure of a hearth is controlled to be-150 Pa, and the air supply quantity is controlled, so that the oxygen quantity is preferably kept between 2% and 6%.
In addition, when the combustion is weakened in a stepped manner, because the heat value of the blast furnace gas is lower, the combustion is possibly unstable, and the high-heat-value coke oven gas can be mixed for stable combustion.
And the flameout and furnace shutdown can adopt a conventional manual MFT mode, and a primary valve and a secondary valve for exhausting steam to the air from the superheater are closed, and all manhole doors, inspection doors, an induced draft fan inlet baffle and a blower inlet baffle are closed.
In a preferred embodiment, when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 140 ℃, an inlet baffle of the induced draft fan is opened to carry out natural ventilation cooling; further, when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 115 ℃, a manhole door on a 6 m layer of the boiler body is opened to strengthen natural ventilation, and the temperature reduction of the hearth is accelerated; further, when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 85 ℃, starting an induced draft fan and a blower to perform forced ventilation; furthermore, when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 60 ℃, the maintenance requirement is met.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 and 2, taking a 220t/h high-temperature high-pressure full-combustion gas boiler of the martin Steel company as an example, before shutdown for maintenance:
1) closing a superheated steam outlet valve of the gas boiler, separating a steam system from a main steam main pipe, and opening primary and secondary valves for exhausting steam to the air by a boiler superheater;
2) opening a drain valve of a boiler steam collection header, and opening a drain valve in front of a superheated steam outlet valve of the boiler;
3) controlling the water level of the steam drum, and changing the automatic control of the water level of the steam drum into manual control;
4) the steam temperature of the boiler is automatically controlled;
5) strictly monitoring the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of the steam drum, and keeping the temperature within 40 ℃;
6) controlling the negative pressure (-150Pa) of the hearth;
7) stopping an induced draft fan and an air feeder, and controlling the air supply amount (keeping the oxygen amount between 2 and 6 percent);
8) the first stage is stepwise combustion reduction: reducing load, adjusting combustion control, and reducing the pressure of a boiler drum from 11.28MPa to 5.0MPa and the temperature of a hearth from 1300 ℃ to about 550 ℃ within 30 minutes; the saturation temperature in the steam pocket is 264 ℃ at the moment;
9) stable combustion operation for 30 minutes;
10) and the second stage is used for reducing combustion in a stepped manner: reducing load, adjusting combustion control, and reducing the pressure of a boiler drum from 5.0Mpa to 2.0Mpa and the temperature of a hearth from 550 ℃ to about 300 ℃ within 30 minutes; the saturation temperature in the steam pocket is 213 ℃;
11) stable combustion operation for 30 minutes;
12) the third step type weakened combustion: reducing load, adjusting combustion control, and reducing the pressure of a boiler drum from 2.0Mpa to 1.0Mpa and the temperature of a hearth from 300 ℃ to about 250 ℃ within 10 minutes; the saturation temperature in the steam pocket is 185 ℃ at the moment;
13) stable combustion operation for 50 minutes;
14) flameout and shutdown are carried out in a manual MFT mode, and related shutdown operation is completed;
15) closing a primary valve and a secondary valve for exhausting steam to the air from the superheater, closing all manhole doors, the inspection door, an inlet baffle of a draught fan and an inlet baffle of a blower, closing a drain valve of a steam collection header of the boiler, and closing a drain valve in front of an outlet valve of superheated steam of the boiler;
16) the water level of the steam drum is increased to +300mm, then the water supply is stopped, the coal economizer is opened in a recycling mode, and the steam-water circulation of the boiler is fully utilized to reduce the temperature of the hearth;
17) 2.5 hours after stopping the boiler, when the pressure of the steam drum is reduced to 0.5Mpa, the water is discharged from the boiler under the full pressure, and the temperature of the hearth is 210 ℃;
18) starting an inlet baffle of an A/B induced draft fan at the temperature of 140 ℃ 12 hours after stopping the furnace, and naturally ventilating and cooling the furnace;
19) 15 hours after the boiler is stopped, the temperature of the hearth is 115 ℃, and a manhole door at the A side and the B side of the 6 m-layer boiler body is opened to enhance the cooling of the hearth;
20) after 20 hours of furnace shutdown, the temperature of the hearth is 85 ℃, and one guide blower and one air feeder are respectively started to forcibly ventilate the hearth to cool;
21) the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 60 ℃ 24 hours after the furnace is stopped, and the overhaul work can be carried out.
In the embodiment, the drain valve of the boiler steam collecting header and the drain valve in front of the boiler superheated steam outlet valve are opened, so that the temperature can be more uniformly reduced;
in the embodiment, a method of directly stopping the boiler and then slowly cooling the boiler and a linear cooling and pressure reduction method are not adopted, but a stepped cooling and pressure reduction method is adopted according to the actual situation of the full-combustion gas boiler, so that the method is more suitable for the characteristics of the full-combustion gas boiler, the cooling of each metal part can be accelerated, the boiler is more favorable for protecting the boiler, the service life can be effectively prolonged, and unnecessary damage is avoided;
after flameout and stopping, an operation method of increasing the water level of the steam drum and opening the economizer for recycling is adopted, the characteristic of steam-water self-circulation of the boiler is fully utilized, and the temperature in the boiler is accelerated and uniformly reduced.
In the embodiment, different cooling modes are adopted at different stages after furnace shutdown, so that the furnace is stably propelled, and the measures are proper.
The two indexes of the internal temperature of the boiler hearth and the internal parameters of the steam bubble are simultaneously considered in the whole process of the embodiment, and the control is more reliable.
In addition, the natural ventilation cooling, the range of the natural cooling and the starting time of the forced ventilation cooling of the embodiment have enough margin, so that the boiler can be well protected from being damaged.
This embodiment has reduced from blowing out to the time that gets into the maintenance state, has reduced coal gas and has diffused, can utilize more resource electricity generation, specific:
through the operation mode, the boiler can be inspected just about 24 hours after the boiler is shut down, and the time for overhauling the boiler is 13 hours ahead of the time for normal shutdown (the 3-hour temperature and pressure reduction process before the boiler is shut down is deducted), namely the boiler can be started 13 hours ahead. This method produces some steam water loss. But the benefits generated by boiler early start and power generation are too small, and the specific calculation is as follows:
1) profit of multiple power generation:
each boiler can generate 5.5 ten thousand kwh of output power, and the profit of more power generation of the boiler is started 13 hours in advance:
5.5 × 13 × 0.6 ═ 42.9 ten thousand yuan (electricity rate is calculated as 0.6 yuan per degree electricity)
2) Steam-water loss in the boiler depressurization process:
because of adopting gas furnace steam system and the female pipe of main steam to separate the mode of weakening the burning after and lowering the temperature and stepping down, need continue to supply demineralized water, supply demineralized water about 150t/h in the time of 3 hours depressurization processes, influence the profit:
150 x 5 ═ 750 yuan (the price of demineralized water is calculated as 5 yuan per ton)
Adding up each time a profit can be generated with this method:
42.9-0.075 ═ 42.825 ten thousand yuan
According to the actual operating states of the three boilers, the boiler is normally shut down 3 times per year for calculation, and the profit can be generated each year: 42.825 × 3 ═ 385.425 ten thousand yuan.
Practice proves that the method for entering maintenance in advance after the gas furnace is shut down is completely feasible, the economic benefit is considerable, the operation method is simple, and the contribution is made to cost reduction and efficiency improvement of a company.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A blowing-out method for rapidly cooling a full-combustion gas boiler is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: before the boiler of the full-combustion gas boiler stops, a boiler steam system and a main steam main pipe are disconnected, a primary valve and a secondary valve of a boiler superheater for exhausting steam to the air are opened, the temperature of a hearth and the pressure of a steam drum are taken as key control points, combustion control is adjusted, multi-stage cooling and pressure reduction are carried out by adopting step-type weakened combustion, the boiler is extinguished and stopped after the boiler stopping condition is reached, the water level of the steam drum is raised, an economizer is opened, the temperature of the hearth is reduced by recycling, water is discharged under pressure when the pressure of the steam drum is reduced to 0.5Mpa, and when the temperature of the hearth is reduced to a certain condition, natural ventilation cooling is carried out, and when the hearth is naturally cooled to a certain temperature, forced ventilation is carried out to reduce the temperature of the hearth to the maintenance temperature.
2. The shutdown method for the rapid cooling of the full gas-fired boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step-type weakened combustion is adopted for carrying out multi-section temperature reduction and pressure reduction, the pressure of a steam drum of a boiler is reduced to 5.0Mpa within 30min, the temperature of a hearth is reduced from 1300 ℃ to 550 ℃, and the stable combustion is carried out for 30min under the condition; reducing the pressure of the boiler drum to 2.0Mpa within 30min, reducing the temperature of the hearth to 300 ℃, and stably burning for 30min under the condition; and finally, within 10min, reducing the pressure of a steam drum of the boiler to 1.0Mpa, reducing the temperature of a hearth to 250 ℃, and stably burning for 50min under the condition.
3. The blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler as claimed in claim 2, wherein: when the step-type weakened combustion is carried out, the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of the steam pocket is controlled within 40 ℃, the negative pressure of a hearth is controlled to be-150 Pa, the air supply quantity is controlled, and the oxygen content is kept to be 2-6%.
4. The blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler as claimed in claim 2, wherein: when the step-type weakened combustion is performed, coke oven gas is put into the combustion-supporting furnace to support combustion stably.
5. The blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: flameout blowing out adopts manual MFT mode, closes the over heater to empty steam extraction primary and secondary valve, closes all manhole doors, inspection door, draught fan entry baffle, forced draught blower entry baffle.
6. The blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the water level of the steam drum is raised, the water feeding is stopped after the water level reaches +300mm, the economizer is opened in a recycling mode, the temperature of the hearth is reduced by utilizing the steam-water circulation of the boiler, and the pressure of the steam drum is reduced to 0.5Mpa after the boiler is shut down for 2.5 hours.
7. The shutdown method for the rapid cooling of the full gas-fired boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: and after the furnace is stopped for 12 hours, the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 140 ℃, an inlet baffle of the induced draft fan is opened, and natural ventilation cooling is carried out.
8. The blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler as claimed in claim 7, wherein: after the boiler is stopped for 15 hours, the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 115 ℃, a 6-meter-layer manhole door of the boiler body is opened to strengthen natural ventilation, and the temperature reduction of the hearth is accelerated.
9. The shutdown method for the rapid cooling of the full gas-fired boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) stopping the furnace for 20 hours, reducing the temperature of the hearth to 85 ℃, and starting an induced draft fan and a blower to perform forced ventilation.
10. The blowing-out method for rapidly cooling the full-combustion gas boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and after the furnace is stopped for 24 hours, the temperature of the hearth is reduced to 60 ℃, and the maintenance requirement is met.
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| RU2766193C1 (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-02-09 | Сергей Николаевич Кучанов | Method for stepwise combustion of pulverised coal fuel and apparatus for implementing the method |
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- 2022-05-11 CN CN202210510729.8A patent/CN114777100A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103423728A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-12-04 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Boiler thermal state sliding-parameter shutdown method |
| CN106321162A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-11 | 新特能源股份有限公司 | Sliding parameter halt method of concurrent boiler |
| CN106322346A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-11 | 新特能源股份有限公司 | Method of sliding parameter furnace shutdown for once-through boiler |
| CN110454765A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-15 | 张选 | The method that Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers depth sliding parameter is stopped transport |
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