CN114773114A - Water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for tomatoes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for tomatoes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114773114A CN114773114A CN202210498648.0A CN202210498648A CN114773114A CN 114773114 A CN114773114 A CN 114773114A CN 202210498648 A CN202210498648 A CN 202210498648A CN 114773114 A CN114773114 A CN 114773114A
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- fertilizer
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- retention
- bentonite
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title description 57
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical class O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011837 N,N-methylenebisacrylamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011175 beta-cyclodextrine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1CC(C(C)C)CC=C1C DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical compound NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RAJUSMULYYBNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC=CS(O)(=O)=O RAJUSMULYYBNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 15
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 7
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000002451 Overnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005089 fruit drop Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020823 overnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a water-retention and fertilizer-retention tomato special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers. The invention pre-polymerizes modified bentonite and a water-absorbing polymer monomer to obtain a prepolymer, then carries out copolymerization reaction on the prepolymer and an inorganic fertilizer under the action of a cross-linking agent and an initiator to obtain a gel material, and the gel material is dried and crushed into granules to obtain the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes. According to the invention, the bentonite is modified to ensure that Al in the bentonite solid layer3+、Mg2+And Ca2+The modified bentonite and the water-absorbing polymeric monomer are subjected to polymerization reaction, so that the polymer contains a porous structure, the water absorption of the fertilizer and the adsorption performance of the fertilizer on inorganic nutrients are greatly improved, and the water and fertilizer retention performance of tomato plants is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The tomatoes are one of the crops with the largest edible amount at present, the growth amount of the tomatoes is large, but the tomatoes have long harvesting period and large fertilizer requirement, and the growth requirement can be met only by sufficient water and nutrient supply. The tomato has high yield and high quality only by coordinating the vegetative growth and reproductive growth, otherwise, the tomato has over-nutrition, particularly over-nitrogen, and the growth of plants is over-vigorous, so that fruit drop is easily caused, and the yield is reduced; if the nutrition is insufficient, the growth of stems and leaves and the reproductive growth compete for nutrients, so that the fruits are smaller and the quality is reduced. The tomato needs to supply balanced and sufficient nutrition and moisture in the growth process, so the idea of researching the special water-retention controlled-release fertilizer for the tomato is developed.
Currently, most of the water-retention and controlled-release fertilizers for tomatoes are prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid serving as a polymerization monomer, for example, Chinese patent application CN103304313A discloses a high-water-retention and controlled-release fertilizer, which is a polymer formed by acrylic acid and tobacco stem residues containing cellulose in a grafting manner, and has high water absorption and long water retention time, but the water-retention and controlled-release fertilizer is not ideal in the controlled-release effect on nutrients when being practically applied to tomato planting. Chinese patent application CN201310020195.1 discloses a special slow release fertilizer for tomatoes, which takes biomass granular carbon as a matrix and is obtained by mixing and granulating the biomass granular carbon, a binder and inorganic nutrients. However, the slow release fertilizer has poor water absorption to soil in dry seasons, and cannot meet the water required by the growth of tomatoes, so that the tomatoes have small fruits and poor quality in dry seasons. Therefore, how to obtain the special fertilizer for the water and fertilizer retention tomatoes to provide water and nutrients required by the growth of the tomatoes is a technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes, which can provide nutrients required by the growth of tomatoes, remarkably improve the water absorbability and the water retention property, and is suitable for regions with variable climates and easy drought.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
further, the preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
soaking bentonite powder with the particle size of 5-10 mu m in an acid solution with the concentration of 1-10 mol/L;
the bentonite in the modified bentonite is one or more of sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite and hydrogen bentonite.
Further, the mass-volume ratio of the bentonite powder to the acid solution is 20-50 g: 10-20 mL;
the acid solution comprises one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid.
Further, the pH regulator is a sodium hydroxide solution and/or a potassium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the pH regulator is 2-5 mol/L.
Further, the water-absorbing polymeric monomer comprises one or more of acrylamide, propenyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, maleic acid, N-vinyl amide and fumaric acid.
Further, the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of crown ether, beta-cyclodextrin, glycol and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide; the initiator comprises one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide;
the inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more of sulfate, nitrate, acetate, phosphate, oxalate, citrate, chloride, molybdate and carbonate.
The invention provides a preparation method of a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing modified bentonite and a water-absorbing polymeric monomer in an ice-water bath, and adjusting a reaction system to be neutral by using a pH regulator to obtain a prepolymer;
2) adding an inorganic fertilizer into the prepolymer for reaction, and sequentially adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator for continuous reaction when the temperature of a reaction system is reduced to 30-45 ℃ to obtain a gel polymer;
3) drying and crushing the gel polymer to obtain the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step 1) is 5-20 ℃, and the mixing time is 10-15 min.
Further, in the step 2), the reaction temperature of the inorganic fertilizer and the prepolymer is 70-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-20 min.
Further, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 10-30 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention makes Al contained in different types of bentonite by carrying out acid modification treatment on the bentonite3+、Mg2+And Ca2+The metal ions are dissolved out in a soluble salt mode, so that the pore channels are dredged, and the circulation of the molecular structure of the adsorbate is facilitated. And (2) carrying out copolymerization on the modified bentonite, the inorganic fertilizer and the water-absorbing polymeric monomer to obtain a porous gel material, drying the porous gel material, and crushing the porous gel material to 0.5-2 mm to obtain the fertilizer special for the tomatoes.
Experimental tests show that the moisture evaporation rate of the special fertilizer for tomatoes is less than 5%, and the adsorption rate of the fertilizer for tomatoes is higher than 650 g/g; and field experiments show that the water and fertilizer retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes can meet the water demand for early and middle growth of the tomatoes, has obvious yield increase for the tomatoes, and can be applied even in arid areas.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
in the present invention, the modified bentonite is added in an amount of 2 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 8 parts by mass.
In the invention, the preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
soaking bentonite powder with the particle size of 5-10 mu m in an acid solution with the concentration of 1-10 mol/L; preferably, the bentonite powder with the particle size of 6-8 mu m is soaked in an acid solution with the concentration of 2-8 mol/L.
In the invention, the bentonite in the modified bentonite is one or more of sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite and hydrogen bentonite, and preferably sodium bentonite.
In the invention, the mass-volume ratio of the bentonite powder to the acid solution is 20-50 g: 10-20 mL, preferably 25-45 g: 12 to 18mL, more preferably 30 to 40 g: 15 mL.
In the invention, the acid solution contains one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, and preferably sulfuric acid.
In the present invention, the addition amount of the pH adjuster is 10 to 23 parts by mass, preferably 15 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 18 parts by mass.
In the invention, the pH regulator is preferably a sodium hydroxide solution and/or a potassium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the pH regulator is 2-5 mol/L, preferably 3-4 mol/L.
In the present invention, the amount of the water-absorbent polymer monomer added is 10 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 12 to 18 parts by mass, and more preferably 15 parts by mass.
In the present invention, the water-absorbent polymeric monomer comprises one or more of acrylamide, propenyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, maleic acid, N-vinylamide, and fumaric acid, and preferably one or more of acrylamide, propenyl sulfonic acid, and fumaric acid.
In the present invention, the amount of the crosslinking agent added is 0.001 to 0.010 part by mass, preferably 0.002 to 0.008 part by mass, and more preferably 0.003 to 0.005 part by mass.
In the invention, the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of crown ether, beta-cyclodextrin, glycol and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, and preferably one or more of crown ether, glycol and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide.
In the present invention, the amount of the initiator is 0.01 to 0.20 part by mass, preferably 0.02 to 0.15 part by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.10 part by mass.
In the invention, the initiator comprises one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, preferably ammonium persulfate and/or hydrogen peroxide.
In the present invention, the amount of the inorganic fertilizer added is 30 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 35 to 45 parts by mass, and more preferably 40 parts by mass.
In the present invention, the inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more of sulfate, nitrate, acetate, phosphate, oxalate, citrate, chloride, molybdate and carbonate, preferably one or more of sulfate, nitrate, acetate and phosphate.
The invention provides a preparation method of a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing modified bentonite and a water-absorbing polymer monomer in an ice-water bath, and adjusting a reaction system to be neutral by using a pH regulator to obtain a prepolymer;
2) adding an inorganic fertilizer into the prepolymer for reaction, and sequentially adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator for continuous reaction when the temperature of a reaction system is reduced to 30-45 ℃ to obtain a gel polymer;
3) drying and crushing the gel polymer to obtain the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes.
In the invention, the mixing temperature in the step 1) is 5-20 ℃, and the mixing time is 10-15 min; preferably, the mixing temperature is 10-15 ℃, and the mixing time is 12-14 min; further preferably, the mixing temperature is 12 ℃ and the mixing time is 13 min.
In the present invention, in the step 1), the mixing speed is 50 to 100rpm, preferably 60 to 90rpm, and more preferably 70 rpm.
In the invention, in the step 2), the reaction temperature of the inorganic fertilizer and the prepolymer is 70-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-20 min; preferably, the reaction temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the reaction time is 12-18 min; further preferably, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃ and the reaction time is 15 min.
In the invention, in the step 2), the crosslinking agent and the initiator are added to continue to react, and the stirring is continuously carried out at a rotating speed of 80-200 rpm, preferably 90-180 rpm, and further preferably 100-120 rpm.
In the invention, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 10-30 min; preferably, the drying temperature is 85-95 ℃, and the drying time is 15-25 min; further preferably, the drying temperature is 90 ℃ and the drying time is 20 min.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining tomato special fertilizer:
30g of sodium bentonite powder with the particle size of 10 mu m is soaked in 20mL of 5mol/L sulfuric acid solution, and modified bentonite is obtained after the bentonite is swelled;
uniformly mixing 10 parts of modified bentonite and 15 parts of acrylamide at the rotation speed of 80rpm in an ice-water bath at 5 ℃, and adjusting the pH of the system to be neutral by using 5mol/LNaOH solution to obtain a prepolymer;
reacting 50 parts of inorganic fertilizer with the prepolymer at 80 ℃ for 10min, adding 0.005 part of crown ether and 0.01 part of ammonium persulfate when the temperature of a reaction system is reduced to 40 ℃, and continuously reacting for 10min, wherein stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 110rpm while reacting to obtain a gel polymer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1: 1: 3;
and drying the gel polymer at 80 ℃ for 30min, and crushing the gel polymer to 2mm to obtain the water-retention and fertilizer-retention tomato special fertilizer.
Example 2
Preparing a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining tomato special fertilizer:
50g of sodium-based bentonite powder and calcium-based bentonite powder with the particle size of 8 mu m (the mass ratio of the sodium-based bentonite powder to the calcium-based bentonite powder is 1: 1) are soaked in 20mL of 10mol/L sulfuric acid solution, and modified bentonite is obtained after the bentonite swells;
uniformly mixing 15 parts of modified bentonite, 10 parts of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and 10 parts of maleic acid at the temperature of 10 ℃ in an ice water bath at the rotating speed of 80rpm, and adjusting the pH of the system to be neutral by using 3mol/L KOH solution to obtain a prepolymer;
reacting 35 parts of inorganic fertilizer with the prepolymer at 78 ℃ for 10min, adding 0.010 part of beta-cyclodextrin and 0.15 part of ammonium persulfate when the temperature of a reaction system is reduced to 45 ℃, continuing to react for 10min, and stirring at the rotating speed of 100rpm while reacting to obtain a gel polymer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate to magnesium sulfate to sodium hydrogen phosphate to ammonium molybdate in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1: 1: 3;
and drying the gel polymer at 80 ℃ for 20min, and crushing to 1mm to obtain the water-retention and fertilizer-retention tomato special fertilizer.
Example 3
Preparing a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining tomato special fertilizer:
35g of calcium-based bentonite powder with the particle size of 5 mu m is soaked in 15mL of 5mol/L sulfuric acid solution, and modified bentonite is obtained after the bentonite is swelled;
uniformly mixing 15 parts of modified bentonite and 20 parts of allyl sulfonic acid at the rotation speed of 60rpm in an ice water bath at 8 ℃, and adjusting the pH of the system to be neutral by using a 3mol/LNaOH solution to obtain a prepolymer;
reacting 45 parts of inorganic fertilizer with the prepolymer at 80 ℃ for 10min, adding 0.003 part of ethylene glycol and 0.08 part of potassium persulfate when the temperature of a reaction system is reduced to 30 ℃, and continuously reacting for 10min while stirring at the rotating speed of 150rpm to obtain a gel polymer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate to magnesium sulfate to sodium hydrogen phosphate to ammonium molybdate in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1: 1: 3;
and drying the gel polymer at 100 ℃ for 20min, and crushing to 1.5mm to obtain the water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for tomatoes.
Example 4
Preparing a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining tomato special fertilizer:
soaking 25g of sodium-based bentonite powder with the particle size of 10 mu m in 15mL of 1mol/L sulfuric acid solution to obtain modified bentonite after the bentonite is swelled;
uniformly mixing 5 parts of modified bentonite, 15 parts of maleic acid and 5 parts of N-vinyl amide at the rotation speed of 80rpm in an ice water bath at 10 ℃, and adjusting the pH of the system to be neutral by using 5mol/LNaOH solution to obtain a prepolymer;
reacting 30 parts of inorganic fertilizer with the prepolymer at 85 ℃ for 15min, adding 0.010 part of N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.01 part of ammonium persulfate when a reaction system is cooled to 45 ℃, continuously reacting for 10min, and stirring at the rotating speed of 110rpm while reacting to obtain a gel-like polymer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate to magnesium sulfate to sodium hydrogen phosphate to ammonium molybdate in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1: 1: 3;
and drying the gel polymer at 90 ℃ for 30min, and crushing the gel polymer to 2mm to obtain the water-retention and fertilizer-retention tomato special fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 1 is that no modified bentonite is added, 50 parts of inorganic fertilizer and acrylamide are reacted for 10min at 80 ℃, 0.005 part of crown ether and 0.01 part of ammonium persulfate are added when the reaction system is cooled to 40 ℃ and are continuously reacted for 10min, and stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 110rpm during the reaction to obtain a gel polymer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1: 1: 3;
and drying the gel polymer at 80 ℃ for 30min, and crushing the gel polymer to 2mm to obtain the fertilizer special for the tomatoes.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that, without modifying bentonite, 15 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and 10 parts of maleic acid are mixed uniformly at a rotation speed of 80rpm in an ice water bath at 10 ℃, and the system pH is adjusted to be neutral by using a 3mol/LKOH solution to obtain a prepolymer;
reacting 35 parts of inorganic fertilizer with the prepolymer at 78 ℃ for 10min, adding 0.010 part of beta-cyclodextrin and 0.15 part of ammonium persulfate when the temperature of a reaction system is reduced to 45 ℃, and continuously reacting for 10min, wherein stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 100rpm while reacting to obtain a gel polymer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1: 1: 3;
and drying the gel polymer at 80 ℃ for 20min, and crushing to 1mm to obtain the fertilizer special for the tomatoes.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 3 is that acrylic acid is used as the polymerization monomer.
Test example 1
Respectively putting 5g of the special tomato fertilizer obtained in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3 into 10mL of distilled water, and testing the release rate and the water absorption rate of the inorganic fertilizer in the distilled water, wherein the test results are shown in the following tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 Release Rate results for inorganic fertilizers in tomato specialty fertilizers
The release rates of the fertilizer in 48h, 240h and 480h are respectively 0-48 h, 48-240 h and 240-480 h. As can be seen from the table 1, the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes, provided by the invention, has a good slow release effect, while the initial release rate of the fertilizer in the comparative examples 1-2 is higher, and the release rate of the fertilizer is gradually reduced along with the extension of the growth cycle of plants, and as the tomato plants need more nutrients in the middle-stage growth process, the fertilizer special for tomatoes, obtained in the comparative examples 1-2, is not beneficial to the growth of the tomato plants; the fertilizer obtained in the comparative example 3 has low early-stage slow release rate, but the whole slow release fertilizer amount is reduced, so that the fertilizer is not beneficial to full utilization of the fertilizer and growth of tomato plants.
TABLE 2 Water uptake rate results for tomato specific fertilizer
| Item | Water absorption Rate (g/g) |
| Example 1 | 665.21 |
| Example 2 | 674.53 |
| Example 3 | 654.12 |
| Example 4 | 655.32 |
| Comparative example 1 | 135.24 |
| Comparative example 2 | 354.52 |
| Comparative example 3 | 583.65 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the water absorption rate of the fertilizer special for tomatoes, which is obtained in the embodiment of the invention, is obviously improved compared with the comparative ratio.
Test example 2
The field test is carried out on the special fertilizer for tomatoes obtained in the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, and the results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 comparison of tomato yields with different fertilizers
The blank control group is prepared by only applying 50 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1: 1: 3.
according to the embodiments, the water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for tomatoes and the preparation method thereof are provided, and tests show that the fertilizer special for tomatoes has a good slow-release effect on the fertilizer, and the water absorption rate is above 650 g/g; and field experiments show that the water-retention and fertilizer-retention special fertilizer for tomatoes can meet the water demand of early-stage and middle-stage growth of the tomatoes, has obvious yield increase for the tomatoes, and can be applied to regions which are easy to drought.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
2. the water and fertilizer retention tomato special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
soaking bentonite powder with the particle size of 5-10 mu m in an acid solution with the concentration of 1-10 mol/L;
the bentonite in the modified bentonite is one or more of sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite and hydrogen bentonite.
3. The water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for tomatoes according to claim 2, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the bentonite powder to the acid solution is 20-50 g: 10-20 mL;
the acid solution comprises one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid.
4. The water and fertilizer retention tomato special fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide solution and/or potassium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the pH regulator is 2-5 mol/L.
5. The fertilizer special for tomato with water retention and fertilizer retention functions as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water-absorbing polymeric monomer comprises one or more of acrylamide, propenyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, maleic acid, N-vinyl amide and fumaric acid.
6. The water and fertilizer retention tomato special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of crown ether, beta-cyclodextrin, ethylene glycol and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide; the initiator comprises one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide;
the inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more of sulfate, nitrate, acetate, phosphate, oxalate, citrate, chloride, molybdate and carbonate.
7. The preparation method of the water-retention and fertilizer-retention tomato special fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing modified bentonite and a water-absorbing polymer monomer in an ice-water bath, and adjusting a reaction system to be neutral by using a pH regulator to obtain a prepolymer;
2) adding an inorganic fertilizer into the prepolymer for reaction, and sequentially adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator for continuous reaction when the temperature of a reaction system is reduced to 30-45 ℃ to obtain a gel polymer;
3) drying and crushing the gel polymer to obtain the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for tomatoes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the mixing temperature in the step 1) is 5-20 ℃ and the mixing time is 10-15 min.
9. The preparation method of claim 7, wherein in the step 2), the reaction temperature of the inorganic fertilizer and the prepolymer is 70-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-20 min.
10. The method according to claim 7 or 9, wherein the drying temperature is 80 to 100 ℃ and the drying time is 10 to 30 min.
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