CN114771513A - Braking method, system and storage medium for automatic driving vehicle - Google Patents
Braking method, system and storage medium for automatic driving vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114771513A CN114771513A CN202210579848.9A CN202210579848A CN114771513A CN 114771513 A CN114771513 A CN 114771513A CN 202210579848 A CN202210579848 A CN 202210579848A CN 114771513 A CN114771513 A CN 114771513A
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- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/08—Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
- B60W30/09—Taking automatic action to avoid collision, e.g. braking and steering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2552/00—Input parameters relating to infrastructure
- B60W2552/50—Barriers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/80—Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a braking method, a braking system and a storage medium for an automatic driving vehicle, which comprise the following steps of S1: acquiring data of a target to be tested, and designing a first deceleration during vehicle braking; s2: sensing the surrounding environment in real time, inputting detection parameters and first deceleration in the running process of the vehicle into a constructed deceleration optimization model when sensing the obstacle, and outputting real-time deceleration; namely ensuring that the vehicle does not collide with the obstacle and ensuring the comfort of the target to be tested as much as possible S3, namely, automatically decelerating and braking the vehicle according to the real-time deceleration in S2. The invention can calculate the braking deceleration in real time according to the actual situation, and can provide a braking scheme with the highest comfort level when no obstacle interferes; when the obstacle interferes, the braking scheme with the highest comfort level can be provided while the safety of passengers is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic driving of vehicles, in particular to a braking method, a braking system and a braking storage medium for an automatic driving vehicle.
Background
In the prior art, some problems exist in the automatic driving vehicle, including perception and understanding of the surrounding environment, keeping a certain safe distance from other obstacles on the road, and meeting some established laws and unprofitable regulations. However, for an autonomous city bus, the deceleration strategy is basically consistent with the brake scheme of a small car, so that collision avoidance is the primary objective, and the riding experience of passengers in the bus is considered. The small automobile is provided with the safety belt and the safety air bag, so that the deceleration is large, the passenger cannot be damaged, and the riding experience is more comfortable than that of a city bus.
Because city passenger train seat does not be equipped with air bag and safety belt to avoid colliding as the first target and may let the interior passenger lose balance, face the risk bigger than the emergence collision, because the preceding barrier probably is an inanimate object, also can not have the personal harm even the collision takes place. Passengers standing in the vehicle can not tightly hold the handrail, and the excessive deceleration can reduce the passenger riding experience in the vehicle and even cause passenger casualty.
When no obstacle interferes with the autonomous vehicle, the deceleration strategy should be dominated by comfort; when an obstacle suddenly appears in front of an autopilot city bus, a safe braking deceleration strategy is needed, namely how to ensure that passengers in the bus can avoid collision to the greatest extent on the premise of safety and no fall.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that safety and comfort cannot be compatible in the braking process of an automatic driving city bus in the prior art, the invention provides a braking method, a braking system and a storage medium for an automatic driving vehicle.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a braking method for an autonomous vehicle, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring data of a target to be tested, and designing a first deceleration during vehicle braking;
s2: sensing the surrounding environment in real time, and calculating real-time deceleration according to the detection parameter and the first deceleration in the running process of the vehicle when the obstacle is sensed;
and S3, performing automatic deceleration braking on the vehicle according to the real-time deceleration in the S2.
Preferably, in S1, the data of the object to be tested includes a contact length S with the ground and a centroid height h.
Preferably, in S1, the calculation formula of the first deceleration is:
Ac=g*s/h (1)
in formula (1), Ac represents the first deceleration; g represents the gravitational acceleration; s represents the contact length of the target to be tested and the ground; h denotes the height of the centroid of the object to be tested.
Preferably, in S2, the detection parameters include a current vehicle speed and an obstacle distance.
Preferably, in S2, the formula for calculating the real-time deceleration is as follows:
in the formula (2), wkIndicating the distance beyond the obstacle after the vehicle is stationary; s iskA difference value representing an actual deceleration of the vehicle and the first deceleration Ac; n represents the total duration of the braking process of the automatic driving vehicle, and k is the kth moment in the braking process;representThe square of the difference between the speed of the autonomous vehicle at the moment and the speed before braking;represents the intermediate time between the k-1 time and the k time;a square of a difference representing a speed of the autonomous vehicle at time k and a speed before braking; alpha, beta and gamma are adjusting parameters.
Preferably, the vehicle actual deceleration should satisfy the following condition:
in the formula (3), k represents any time from 0 to N-1; n-1 represents the last time the vehicle just stopped;representing the actual deceleration of the vehicle at time k.
Preferably, the vehicle actual deceleration should also satisfy the following condition:
in formula (3), Ac represents the first deceleration Ac;representing the actual deceleration of the vehicle at time k; skIndicating the difference between the actual deceleration of the vehicle and the first deceleration Ac.
Preferably, the speed of the autonomous vehicle is limited by:
in the formula (4), the first and second groups,a velocity representing the median of time k-1 and time k;indicating the speed of the vehicle before braking.
The present invention also provides a braking system for an autonomous vehicle, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring data of a target to be tested, and comprises a contact length s of the target to be tested and the ground and a centroid height h;
the first determining module is used for determining a first deceleration when the vehicle brakes according to the data of the target to be tested of the first obtaining module;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring detection parameters including speed and obstacle distance in the running process of the vehicle;
the second determining module is used for determining real-time deceleration for guaranteeing comfort while guaranteeing safety when an obstacle is found according to the first deceleration of the first determining module and the detection parameter of the second acquiring module;
and the control module is used for braking and decelerating the vehicle according to the real-time deceleration of the second determination module.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the braking method.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can calculate the braking deceleration in real time according to the actual situation, and can provide a braking scheme with the highest comfort level when no obstacle interferes; when the obstacle interferes, the braking scheme with the highest comfort level can be provided while the safety of passengers is met.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a braking method for an autonomous vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of vehicle braking versus obstacle distance in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a braking system for an autonomous vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a braking method for an autonomous vehicle, which can be used for an autonomous city bus, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the passenger standing on the vehicle without the gripping handle is the most prone target to fall, and the balance is determined only by the contact force of the ground, and such a target is designed as an example.
S1: and acquiring data of the target to be tested, and designing a first deceleration for ensuring the comfort of the target when the vehicle is braked.
In this embodiment, the target to be detected may be a human body model (which may be obtained by averaging big data) designed according to an adult, and includes a contact length s with the ground and a centroid height h. Preferably, s is approximately equal to 0.12m, the centroid height h is approximately equal to 1m, and the gravity acceleration g is approximately equal to 9.8m/s2Then, the first deceleration when comfort guarantee is calculated as: ac g s/h 1.23m/s2The passenger may start losing balance beyond the first deceleration, but the balance may be repaired by adjusting the attitude.
In the present embodiment, when the deceleration exceeds the second deceleration Amax, 3.70m/s2In the meantime, even if the posture of the passenger is adjusted, the passenger may fall down.
S2: and sensing the surrounding environment in real time in the running process of the vehicle, inputting detection parameters in the running process of the vehicle into the constructed deceleration optimization model when the obstacle is sensed, and outputting the real-time deceleration.
In the embodiment, during the running process of the automatically-driven vehicle, the control of each module and the information interaction with the server can be realized through the vehicle-mounted terminal, and the surrounding environment can be sensed through the sensing module (such as a laser radar, an ultrasonic radar, a millimeter wave radar, a camera and the like), so that the relative position change information of the obstacle and the automatically-driven vehicle is obtained;
the sensed parameter includes a speed at which the vehicle begins to brakeThe obstacle distance (desired stopping distance, i.e., the distance between the current vehicle and the obstacle) is xobs;wkIndicating the distance beyond the obstacle after the vehicle is stationary; s iskA difference value representing an actual deceleration of the vehicle and the first deceleration Ac; alpha, beta and gamma are adjusting parameters, and default values are respectively set to be 5.0, 5.0 and 1.5;
in this embodiment, the expression of the deceleration optimization model f (x) is as follows:
in the formula (1), wkIndicating the distance beyond the obstacle after the vehicle is stationary; skA difference value representing an actual deceleration of the vehicle and the first deceleration Ac; n represents the total duration of the braking process of the automatic driving vehicle, and k is the kth moment in the braking process;representThe square of the difference between the speed of the autonomous vehicle at the moment and the speed before braking;represents the intermediate value between the k-1 time and the k time;a square of a difference representing a speed of the autonomous vehicle at time k and a speed before braking; under the constraints described laterUnder the condition, the optimal w can be obtained by minimizing the function f (x)k、skAnda curve; alpha, beta and gamma are regulating parameters which are respectively used for regulating wk、skAndthe default values of (3) are respectively set as 5.0, 5.0 and 1.5;
in the embodiment, the optimal deceleration under the current vehicle condition (when the obstacle is detected) is obtained, namely, the deceleration braking distance of the vehicle is ensured to be less than xobsAnd meanwhile, the braking deceleration of the vehicle is ensured to be smaller than Ac, so that the safety and the comfort can be ensured, and the deceleration optimization model f (x) needs to be minimized.
The various parameters in the deceleration optimization model f (x) should satisfy the following conditions:
1) and limiting the maximum deceleration to prevent the passenger from falling down, wherein the vehicle deceleration limiting conditions are as follows:
equation (2) indicates that at any time during braking, the absolute value of the actual deceleration of the vehicle must be less than the second deceleration Amax; k represents any time from 0 to N-1; n-1 represents the last time the vehicle just stopped;representing an actual deceleration of the vehicle;
2) to ensure comfort, it is necessary to makeI.e. it is necessary to minimize skThe limiting conditions are as follows:
in equation (3), s is obtained when f (x) is used to find the optimal solution (minimum value)kA value;
skand the deceleration is 0, namely the braking deceleration of the vehicle is the first deceleration, so that the passengers do not lose balance, and the comfort is ensured.
3) In order to ensure that the speed at each moment is within the interval and not overshooting, the limiting conditions of the speed are as follows:
in the formula (4), the first and second groups,a velocity representing the median of time k-1 and time k;representing the speed of the vehicle before braking;
4) as shown in FIG. 2, the vehicle runs from left to right, and when the vehicle is decelerated and braked, the deceleration and braking distance of the vehicle is less than xobsTo avoid collision between the vehicle and the obstacle, the pair w is requiredkCarrying out minimization:
in the formula (5), xkIndicating the vehicle deceleration braking distance, xobsIndicating the distance of the vehicle from the obstacle; the minimization function f (x) can obtain the optimal wkA value; w is akAnd 0 means that the vehicle does not collide with the obstacle, and the safety is guaranteed.
5) The vehicle speed should be equal to 0 and the acceleration should be equal to 0 after the braking deceleration process is finished.
6) In this embodiment, in order to further improve the comfort, the following conditions are also satisfied:
in the formula (6), the first and second groups of the compound,representing the velocity at time k;representing the speed of the vehicle before braking;representing the speed at time k and the speed before brakingMinimizing the difference, which improves comfort, the minimization function f (x) is optimizedThe value is obtained. The smaller k is, γN-kThe larger, the slower the speed change, at time kThe smaller the size of the tube is,the smaller.
In the formula (7), the first and second groups of the compound,a velocity representing the median of time k-1 and time k; t represents a calculation cycle of a calculation unit (second determination module);represents the deceleration of the vehicle at time k;represents the deceleration at time k + 1;
in this embodiment, after the deceleration optimization model f (x) is subject to the condition limitation, w in the whole braking process can be obtainedk、skAnd(the value at each time in {0.. N-1 }), and then outputs a real-time deceleration value.
And S3, braking the vehicle according to the real-time deceleration in the S2.
Based on the above method, as shown in fig. 3, the present invention also provides a brake system for an autonomous vehicle, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring data of the target to be tested, wherein the data comprises a contact length s of the target to be tested and the ground, a centroid height h and the like;
the first determining module is used for determining a first deceleration for guaranteeing the comfort of the target when the vehicle is braked according to the data of the target to be tested of the first obtaining module;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring detection parameters in the running process of the vehicle, such as speed, obstacle distance and the like;
and the second determining module is used for determining the optimal deceleration of the vehicle when the obstacle is found according to the first deceleration of the first determining module and the detection parameters of the second acquiring module, namely ensuring that the vehicle does not collide with the obstacle and simultaneously ensuring the comfort of the target to be tested as much as possible (the vehicle does not lose balance, namely the deceleration does not exceed the first deceleration) or ensuring that the passenger can not fall down through adjustment, namely the deceleration does not exceed the second deceleration.
And the control module is used for braking and decelerating the vehicle according to the optimal deceleration of the second determination module.
The present invention also provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the braking method in the above embodiment when executing the computer program.
The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the braking method described in the above embodiments.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (10)
1. A braking method for an autonomous vehicle, characterized in that it comprises in particular the following steps:
s1: acquiring data of a target to be tested, and designing a first deceleration during vehicle braking;
s2: sensing the surrounding environment in real time, and calculating real-time deceleration according to the detection parameter and the first deceleration in the running process of the vehicle when the obstacle is sensed;
and S3, performing automatic deceleration braking on the vehicle according to the real-time deceleration in the S2.
2. The braking method for an autonomous vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein the data of the object to be tested includes a contact length with the ground S, a centroid height h in S1.
3. The braking method for an autonomous vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein in S1, the first deceleration is calculated by the formula:
Ac=g*s/h (1)
in formula (1), Ac represents the first deceleration; g represents the gravitational acceleration; s represents the contact length of the target to be tested and the ground; h denotes the height of the centroid of the object to be tested.
4. The braking method for an autonomous vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said S2, the detected parameters include a current vehicle speed and an obstacle distance.
5. The braking method for an autonomous vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the calculation formula of the real-time deceleration is as follows:
in the formula (2), wkIndicating the distance beyond the obstacle after the vehicle is stationary; skA difference value representing an actual deceleration of the vehicle and the first deceleration Ac; n represents the total duration of the braking process of the automatic driving vehicle, and k is the kth moment in the braking process;representThe square of the difference between the speed of the autonomous vehicle at the moment and the speed before braking;represents the intermediate time between the k-1 time and the k time;represents the square of the difference between the speed of the autonomous vehicle and the speed before braking at time k; alpha, beta and gamma are adjusting parameters.
6. The braking method for an autonomous vehicle as set forth in claim 5, characterized in that the vehicle actual deceleration should satisfy the following condition:
7. The braking method for an autonomous vehicle as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the vehicle actual deceleration should further satisfy the following condition:
8. The braking method for an autonomous vehicle as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the speed of the autonomous vehicle is limited by:
9. A braking system for autonomous vehicles according to the method of any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring data of the target to be tested, and comprises a contact length s of the target to be tested and the ground and a centroid height h;
the first determining module is used for determining a first deceleration when the vehicle brakes according to the data of the target to be tested of the first obtaining module;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring detection parameters in the running process of the vehicle, including speed and obstacle distance;
the second determining module is used for determining real-time deceleration for guaranteeing comfort while guaranteeing safety when an obstacle is found according to the first deceleration of the first determining module and the detection parameter of the second acquiring module;
and the control module is used for braking and decelerating the vehicle according to the real-time deceleration of the second determination module.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the braking method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN117141473A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 广州市德赛西威智慧交通技术有限公司 | Intelligent obstacle avoidance method and device for vehicle |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN117141473A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 广州市德赛西威智慧交通技术有限公司 | Intelligent obstacle avoidance method and device for vehicle |
CN117141473B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-01-19 | 广州市德赛西威智慧交通技术有限公司 | Intelligent obstacle avoidance method and device for vehicle |
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