CN114769747A - Internal thread machining machine tool, internal thread and internal thread tool machining method - Google Patents
Internal thread machining machine tool, internal thread and internal thread tool machining method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 10
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
- B23G1/32—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor by milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
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Abstract
The application discloses internal thread processing machine tool, internal thread and internal thread tool processing method. The internal thread tool machining method comprises the following steps: selecting a standard tooth form for processing the target internal thread according to the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread; converting the standard thread form into a normal plane thread form of the target internal thread in a normal plane; a profiled end mill having normal planar profiles is machined. The formed end mill machined according to the internal thread tool machining method can be used to machine a target internal thread in a workpiece. The normal plane thread form of the forming end mill is converted based on the standard thread form corresponding to the target internal thread and is narrower than the standard thread form, so that the target internal thread can be processed in a workpiece, the thread over-cutting phenomenon can be avoided, the processing operation of the target internal thread can be completed in the workpiece safely and reliably, and the problem that threads with large thread leads and large helix angles cannot be processed is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of machining, in particular to a machining method of an internal thread tool.
Background
The thread machining is generally performed by turning, milling, grinding, extruding and the like, for example, by turning threads with a turning tool, milling threads with a disc-shaped milling cutter 02 and the like.
When internal threads are machined in the workpiece 01, the internal threads are limited by parameters of partial internal threads, if the disc-shaped milling cutter 02 is used for machining, the phenomenon that the cutter handle of the disc-shaped milling cutter 02 is interfered with the inner hole of the workpiece 01 is easy to occur, and at the moment, the forming end milling cutter is required to be used for machining. However, when machining an internal thread in the workpiece 01 using a forming end mill, there is a general thread over-cutting problem, particularly when the thread lead of the internal thread is large and the lead angle is large, in other words, the conventional forming end mill cannot perform the machining operation of the internal thread having a large thread lead and a large lead angle.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide an internal thread tool machining method, according to which a formed end mill suitable for internal thread machining operation can be machined, and the formed end mill can meet the machining operation requirements of internal threads with large thread leads and large helix angles. Another object of the present application is to provide an internal thread processing machine including an internal thread tool processed according to the foregoing internal thread tool processing method. Still another object of the present application is to provide an internal thread processing method, which can be applied to the internal thread processing machine tool.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides an internal thread tool machining method, including:
selecting a standard tooth form for processing the target internal thread according to the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread;
converting the standard thread form into a normal plane thread form of the target internal thread in a normal plane;
a profiled end mill having normal planar profiles is machined.
In some embodiments, the step of selecting a standard tooth form available for machining the target internal thread according to the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread specifically comprises:
a standard profile having a standard profile angle is selected based on the target lead angle and the target lead reading table for the target internal thread.
In some embodiments, the step of converting the standard profile to a normal plane profile of the target internal thread at the normal plane comprises:
establishing a rectangular coordinate system by using the central axis of the target internal thread and any two mutually perpendicular radiuses of the target internal thread, and establishing a normal plane of the target internal thread in the rectangular coordinate system according to the target helix angle;
calculating the projection size of the standard tooth form in a normal plane;
and designing the forming end mill according to the characteristic parameters in the projection dimension.
In some embodiments, the standard profile is a trapezoidal profile; the forming end mill is a taper end mill.
In some embodiments, the step of designing the profiled end mill according to the characteristic parameters in the projected dimensions specifically comprises:
taking a first parameter in the projection dimension as the diameter of a small shaft end of the taper end mill, taking a second parameter in the projection dimension as the taper angle of the taper end mill, and selecting the clamping diameter and the clamping length of the taper end mill according to the spindle clamping dimension of the machine tool; the first parameter is the projection length of the tooth top width of the standard tooth form on a normal plane; the second parameter is the projected length of the standard profile angle in the normal plane.
The application provides an internal thread processing machine tool, which comprises a machine tool body with a spindle head and an internal thread tool processed according to the internal thread tool processing method; the internal thread cutter is fixed on the spindle head; the axial direction of the internal thread cutter is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle head.
In some embodiments, the machine tool body further comprises a spindle nose clamp for clamping a workpiece; the workpiece clamped in the spindle head clamp is coaxial with the spindle head; the spindle head drives the internal thread cutter to do linear motion along the axial direction and the radial direction of the spindle head respectively, and the spindle head clamp drives the workpiece to rotate along the workpiece fixed axis.
The application provides an internal thread processing method, is applied to above-mentioned internal thread processing machine tool, and internal thread processing machine tool has the power unit that is used for driving the main shaft head to feed respectively along the axial of main shaft head and radial, and the internal thread processing method includes:
the internal thread tool machining method comprises the following steps:
clamping a workpiece to a shaft head clamp;
extending an internal thread cutter into the inner cylinder wall of the workpiece and aligning the internal thread cutter with the inner cylinder wall of the workpiece, and setting feeding parameters of a main shaft head and a shaft head clamp;
and opening the main shaft head and the shaft head clamp.
Compared with the background technology, the internal thread tool machining method provided by the application comprises the following steps:
selecting a standard tooth form for processing the target internal thread according to the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread;
converting the standard thread form into a normal plane thread form of the target internal thread in a normal plane;
a profiled end mill having a normal plane profile is machined.
According to the internal thread tool machining method provided by the application, the tool suitable for thread machining operation can be machined, and the thread machining operation can be realized in a workpiece by using the tool.
The cutter obtained by the processing method of the internal thread cutter provided by the application has the normal plane tooth form, the plane tooth form is converted from the standard tooth form by the method, the target internal thread can be processed in the workpiece, and the plane tooth form has the minimum tooth form section of the standard tooth form, namely, the normal plane tooth form is narrower than the standard tooth form, so that the thread over-cutting phenomenon is avoided, and the processing operation of the target internal thread is safely and reliably completed in the workpiece.
Therefore, the internal thread cutter processing method provided by the application is based on the standard thread form corresponding to the target internal thread, converts the standard thread form into the normal plane thread form with the normal cross section, and processes and forms the end mill by using the normal plane thread form. The formed end mill obtained by the internal thread cutter processing method can break through the limits of thread lead and helix angle, can safely and reliably process target internal threads in a workpiece, cannot generate thread over-cutting problem, and can solve the problem that threads with large thread lead and large helix angle cannot be processed.
The application provides an internal thread processing machine tool includes the internal thread cutter, and this internal thread cutter adopts above-mentioned internal thread cutter processing method processing to obtain, utilizes the internal thread processing machine tool who possesses this internal thread cutter can process the internal thread in the work piece safe and reliable nature.
The internal thread processing method is applied to the internal thread processing machine tool, namely the internal thread processing machine tool can be operated according to the internal thread processing method, so that internal thread processing operation is carried out.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first internal thread tool machining method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second internal thread tool machining method provided by the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a workpiece and its target internal threads;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a prior art assembly of a workpiece and a disc-shaped milling cutter;
FIG. 5 is a reference diagram of a coordinate system established based on the orientation shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a prior art projection of a standard tooth form in the coordinate system shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a normal plane profile provided by an embodiment of the present application in the coordinate system shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a tapered end mill according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an assembly of a workpiece and a tapered end mill provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a left side view of fig. 9.
The machining method comprises the following steps of 01-workpiece, 011-target internal thread, 02-disc-shaped milling cutter, 1-taper end milling cutter, 21-spindle head and 22-spindle head clamp.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the present application, the following detailed description is provided for the person skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a first internal thread tool machining method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second internal thread tool machining method provided by the embodiment of the present application; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a workpiece and its target internal threads; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a prior art assembly of a workpiece and a disc cutter; FIG. 5 is a reference diagram of a coordinate system established based on the orientation shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a prior art projection of a standard tooth form in the coordinate system shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 7 is a projection of a normal plane profile provided by an embodiment of the present application in the coordinate system shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a tapered end mill provided in an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an assembly of a workpiece and a tapered end mill provided by an embodiment of the present application; fig. 10 is a left side view of fig. 9.
Referring to fig. 1, 3 to 5, the present application provides a method for machining an internal thread tool, which can be used for machining an internal thread tool, where the internal thread tool is a formed end mill used for internal thread machining; the processing method of the internal thread tool comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a standard tooth form for processing the target internal thread 011 according to the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread 011;
and 2, step: converting the standard tooth form into a normal plane tooth form of the target internal thread 011 in a normal plane;
and step 3: a profiled end mill having a normal plane profile is machined.
When the internal thread tool machining method is adopted to form the end mill, firstly, a standard tooth form suitable for the workpiece is selected, and the standard tooth form can be used for machining the target internal thread 011 in the workpiece theoretically. The standard thread form is selected by considering the target internal thread 011 of the workpiece, in other words, the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread 011 of the workpiece determine the standard thread form suitable for the workpiece.
Although the target internal thread 011 can be machined in a workpiece by a tool having a standard thread form theoretically, the phenomenon of thread over-cutting often occurs in actual production operations, such as machining a workpiece by using the standard thread form. Therefore, the internal thread cutter machining method provided by the application converts the standard thread form into a normal plane thread form of the target internal thread 011 in a normal plane, and then machines the cutter according to the converted normal plane thread form, so that the formed end mill with the normal plane thread form is obtained.
For a standard thread form, the normal plane refers to the plane of the secondary normal line of the target internal thread 011, and therefore, the process of converting the standard thread form corresponding to the target internal thread 011 into the normal plane thread form can be understood as projecting the standard thread form in the axial plane into the normal plane. Wherein, an included angle between an axial plane and a normal plane of the target internal thread 011 is a helix angle of the target internal thread 011.
When the forming end mill is used for processing a workpiece, on one hand, the normal plane tooth form is obtained by converting the standard tooth form and can be processed in the workpiece to obtain the target internal thread 011, and on the other hand, the normal plane tooth form has the minimum tooth form section of the standard tooth form, so that the normal plane tooth form is narrower than the standard tooth form on the premise of still being used for processing the target internal thread 011, thereby being beneficial to avoiding the thread over-cutting phenomenon and safely and reliably finishing the processing operation of the target internal thread 011 in the workpiece.
Therefore, the internal thread tool machining method converts the standard thread form of the target internal thread 011 and the opposite tool in the axial section into the normal plane thread form of the normal section, and machines the formed end mill by the normal plane thread form design, so that the formed end mill is used as the thread machining tool for milling the workpiece. The formed end mill obtained by the method for processing the internal thread tool can break through the limits of thread lead and helix angle, can safely and reliably process the target internal thread 011 in a workpiece, and cannot generate the thread over-cutting problem, so that the problem that the threads with large thread lead and large helix angle cannot be processed is solved.
The following provides a further description of the internal thread tool machining method provided by the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 2 to 8, the internal thread cutting tool processing method provided by the present application may select the standard thread form and the standard thread form angle thereof by reading a table, that is, in the above embodiment, the step of selecting the standard thread form for processing the target internal thread 011 according to the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread 011 specifically includes:
a standard thread form having a standard thread form angle is selected based on the target lead angle and the target lead for the target internal thread 011.
The tables referred to above refer to thread making code tables commonly used in the industry, such as GB/T5796.1-2005. When reading the meter, a standard thread form with a standard thread form angle is searched by taking the target lead angle and the target lead of the target internal thread 011 as known parameters. For example, when the target lead angle of the target internal thread 011 is 26.634 ° and the target lead angle is 302.496mm, a table lookup may indicate that the standard tooth form has a tooth form angle of 30 °.
In some embodiments provided herein, the step of transforming the standard profile into a normal plane profile of the target internal thread 011 in the normal plane may include:
step 21: establishing a rectangular coordinate system by using the central axis of the target internal thread 011 and any two mutually perpendicular radiuses of the target internal thread 011, and establishing a normal plane of the target internal thread 011 in the rectangular coordinate system according to a target helix angle;
step 22: calculating the projection size of the standard tooth form in a normal plane;
step 22: and designing the forming end mill according to the characteristic parameters in the projection dimension.
In the above embodiment, in order to convert the standard tooth form into the normal plane tooth form, a rectangular coordinate system having an axial plane and a normal plane is established for the standard tooth form, and then the projection of the standard tooth form in the axial plane is converted into the normal plane, so as to obtain a plurality of projections of a plurality of characteristic parameters of the standard tooth form in the normal plane, thereby designing the formed end mill having the normal plane tooth form according to the characteristic parameters corresponding to the projections.
The internal thread tool machining method provided by the present application is mostly applied to internal thread tools having a trapezoidal thread form, for example, in the above-mentioned embodiments, the standard thread form is specifically classified as a trapezoidal thread form, and correspondingly, the forming end mill having the normal plane thread form corresponding to the trapezoidal thread form is specifically a taper end mill 1.
After converting the projection of the standard tooth form in the axial plane to the normal plane, in order to design a formed end mill according to the projection size in the normal plane, the following steps are carried out:
and taking a first parameter in the projection dimension as the diameter of a small shaft end of the taper end mill 1, taking a second parameter in the projection dimension as the taper angle of the taper end mill 1, and selecting the clamping diameter and the clamping length of the taper end mill 1 according to the spindle clamping dimension of the machine tool. Wherein, the first parameter refers to the projection length of the crest width of the standard tooth type on a normal plane; the aforementioned second parameter refers to a projected length of a normal plane of a tooth form angle of the standard tooth form.
For example, the target internal thread 011 of the workpiece is a multiple-start thread, such as a 24-start thread, having a lead angle of 26.634 °, a thread length of 220.5mm, a thread pitch of 12.604mm, and a thread lead of 302.496 mm. The conventional forming end mill has a standard thread form corresponding to the target internal thread 011 of the workpiece, however, the standard thread form is easy to cause thread over-cutting in the actual processing process, for this reason, the internal thread tool processing method provided by the application can be adopted to process the internal thread tool special for the workpiece and the target internal thread 011 thereof, namely, the normal plane thread form is obtained by converting according to the standard thread form corresponding to the target internal thread 011, and the forming end mill is processed according to the normal plane thread form.
Referring to fig. 4 to 8, a coordinate system shown in fig. 5 may be established based on fig. 4, in fig. 5, λ denotes a helix angle of a standard tooth form; FIG. 6 is a projection of a standard profile in the axial plane of FIG. 5, the standard profile having a standard profile angle α; figure 7 is a projection of a standard dental pattern in the normal plane shown in figure 5.
As can be seen from the view in figure 6,
as can be seen from figures 5 to 7,
this gives:
it is known that:
as can be seen from a table look-up,
further, the following can be obtained:
β＝26.94°
in the above equations, the length of each line segment is in mm.
Wherein, B 'C' is a normal crest width obtained by projecting a crest width of a standard tooth form to a normal plane, and β is a normal crest angle obtained by projecting a crest angle of the standard tooth form to the normal plane, so that the taper end mill 1 shown in fig. 8 can be designed according to B 'C', β and a spindle chucking size of a machine tool, and the taper end mill 1 can safely and reliably process a workpiece shown in fig. 3 and a target internal thread 011 thereof in the workpiece.
It can be seen that the normal planar profile shown in fig. 7 can be transformed according to the standard profile shown in fig. 6 to obtain the crest width and the profile angle of the normal planar profile, which in turn will design the tapered end mill 1 shown in fig. 8 according to the crest width and the profile angle of the normal planar profile.
When designing the taper end mill 1, the normal crest width of the normal plane profile shown in fig. 7 is used as the diameter of the small axial end of the taper end mill 1 shown in fig. 8, and the normal profile angle of the normal plane profile shown in fig. 7 is used as the taper angle of the taper end mill 1 shown in fig. 8. As for the clamping diameter of the taper end mill 1, it can be determined in accordance with the spindle clamping size of the machine tool, and for example, the clamping diameter of the taper end mill 1 of the present embodiment is 12 mm.
On the basis of the internal thread tool, the internal thread processing machine tool also comprises a machine tool body besides the internal thread tool processed according to the internal thread tool processing method.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, in the female thread processing machine, a machine tool body has a spindle head 21, a female thread tool is attached to the spindle head 21, for example, the female thread tool is fixed to the spindle head 21, and an axial direction of the female thread tool is perpendicular to an axial direction of the spindle head 21.
The main shaft head 21 of the machine tool body can respectively do linear motion along the axial direction and the radial direction of the machine tool body, and when the machine tool body is opened, the main shaft head 21 can drive an internal thread cutter to respectively do linear motion along the axial direction and the radial direction of the main shaft head 21; of course, in order to machine a female thread in a workpiece by using the female thread machine, it is necessary to clamp the workpiece and drive the workpiece to move in accordance with the movement state of the female thread tool in the female thread machine. For example, the machine tool body of the female thread processing machine tool is provided with a spindle head 21 for clamping a female thread tool, and also provided with a spindle head clamp 22 for clamping a workpiece; the spindle head 21 is installed and drives an internal thread tool to respectively make linear motion along the axial direction and the radial direction of the spindle head 21, and the spindle head clamp 22 is installed and drives a workpiece such as a sleeve to make fixed-axis rotary motion. Wherein the workpiece mounted on the spindle head jig 22 is coaxial with the spindle head 21.
In addition, the movements of the spindle head 21 and the jaws may be interchanged, for example, the spindle head 21 drives the internal thread tool to extend into the sleeve and to rotate in a fixed axis, and the jaws drive the sleeve to move linearly in the axial direction and the radial direction of the sleeve.
On the basis of the internal thread processing machine tool, the application also provides an internal thread processing method, which comprises the following steps:
clamping the workpiece to the spindle nose clamp 22;
extending an internal thread cutter into and aligning to the inner cylinder wall of a workpiece, and setting feeding parameters of a main shaft head 21 and a shaft head clamp 22;
the spindle head 21 and the spindle head clamp 22 are opened.
The internal thread processing method can be applied to the internal thread processing machine tool, namely, an operator can operate the internal thread processing machine tool according to the internal thread processing method.
The workpiece is clamped on a spindle head fixture 22 of an internal thread processing machine tool, an internal thread cutter is mounted on a spindle head 21 of the internal thread processing machine tool, feeding parameters of the spindle head fixture 22 refer to axial displacement speed and range of the spindle head fixture 22 for driving the workpiece to rotate along the axial direction of the workpiece and radial displacement speed and range of the workpiece, and feeding parameters of the spindle head 21 refer to speed of the spindle head 21 for driving the internal thread cutter to rotate in a fixed axis mode.
When the internal thread processing machine tool is operated according to the internal thread processing method, every time the main shaft head 21 of the internal thread processing machine tool rotates for one circle, the internal thread cutter moves for a lead distance relative to the workpiece along the axial direction of the workpiece, and cuts 1mm deep along the radial direction of the workpiece until the 1 st thread groove is processed. Subsequently, the spindle head 21 rotates γ and starts machining a second thread. And the like until the 24-head thread is completely processed into a finished product. Wherein, gamma is 2 pi/thread head number.
The internal thread processing machine tool, the internal thread and the internal thread tool processing method provided by the application are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, the present application can also make several improvements and modifications, and those improvements and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An internal thread tool machining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a standard tooth form for machining a target internal thread (011) according to characteristic parameters of the target internal thread (011);
-converting the standard profile into a normal plane profile of the target internal thread (011) in a normal plane;
and machining the molded end mill with the normal plane tooth form.
2. The internal thread tool machining method according to claim 1, wherein the step of selecting a standard profile available for machining the target internal thread (011) based on the characteristic parameters of the target internal thread (011) comprises:
a standard profile having a standard profile angle is selected based on the target lead angle and the target lead reading for the target internal thread (011).
3. The internal thread tool machining method according to claim 2, wherein the step of converting the standard profile to a normal plane profile of the target internal thread (011) in a normal plane comprises:
establishing a rectangular coordinate system by using the central axis of the target internal thread (011) and any two mutually perpendicular radiuses of the target internal thread (011), and establishing a normal plane of the target internal thread (011) in the rectangular coordinate system according to the target helix angle;
calculating the projection size of the standard tooth form in the normal plane;
and designing the forming end mill according to the characteristic parameters in the projection dimension.
4. The internal thread tool machining method according to claim 3, wherein the standard profile is a trapezoidal profile; the forming end mill is a taper end mill (1).
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of designing a profile end mill based on the characteristic parameters in the projected dimension comprises:
taking a first parameter in the projection dimensions as the diameter of a small shaft end of the taper end mill (1), taking a second parameter in the projection dimensions as the taper angle of the taper end mill (1), and selecting the clamping diameter and the clamping length of the taper end mill (1) according to the spindle clamping dimension of a machine tool; the first parameter is the projection length of the crest width of the standard tooth form on the normal plane; the second parameter is the projection length of the tooth form angle of the standard tooth form on the normal plane.
6. An internal thread processing machine tool, characterized by comprising a machine tool body having a spindle head (21) and an internal thread tool processed according to the internal thread tool processing method of any one of claims 1 to 5; the internal thread cutter is fixed on the spindle head (21); the axial direction of the internal thread cutter is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle head (21).
7. The internal thread processing machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the machine body further comprises a spindle head clamp (22) for clamping a workpiece (01); the workpiece (01) clamped in the shaft head clamp (22) is coaxial with the main shaft head (21); the spindle head (21) drives the internal thread tool to respectively do linear motion along the axial direction and the radial direction of the spindle head (21), and the spindle head clamp (22) drives the workpiece (01) to rotate along the fixed axis of the workpiece (01).
8. An internal thread machining method applied to an internal thread processing machine according to claim 7, the internal thread tool machining method comprising:
clamping a workpiece (01) to the spindle head clamp (22);
the internal thread tool is stretched into and aligned with the inner cylinder wall of the workpiece (01), and feeding parameters of the spindle head (21) and the spindle head clamp (22) are set simultaneously;
and opening the spindle head (21) and the spindle head clamp (22).
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