CN114769481B - Forging process for improving impact of stainless steel - Google Patents

Forging process for improving impact of stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114769481B
CN114769481B CN202210482204.8A CN202210482204A CN114769481B CN 114769481 B CN114769481 B CN 114769481B CN 202210482204 A CN202210482204 A CN 202210482204A CN 114769481 B CN114769481 B CN 114769481B
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forging
raw materials
heating
stainless steel
temperature
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CN114769481A (en
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陆秦旭
郭亮
张星星
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Wuxi Paike New Material Technology Co ltd
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Wuxi Paike New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

The invention relates to a forging process for improving stainless steel impact, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: and a heating step: heating the raw materials; heating temperature: 1155-1165 ℃; forging: sequentially performing drawing, drawing and upsetting forging on the raw materials to form a forging; initial forging temperature: 1150-1160 deg.c; finish forging temperature: 910-915 ℃; and (3) heat treatment: heating and preserving heat of the forging, and then cooling to room temperature; heating temperature: 1025-1035 ℃; the heat preservation time is as follows: 3.5 to 4.5 hours. The problem that tangential, transverse and longitudinal impact of a forging piece in the existing scheme cannot meet the requirements is solved.

Description

Forging process for improving impact of stainless steel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging, in particular to a forging process for improving stainless steel impact.
Background
With the development of science and technology and the advancement of human civilization, the demand for materials has not been limited to a single performance or a single function. In many special environments, materials with excellent comprehensive properties and strong functionality are more desirable. The structure of the duplex stainless steel consists of a ferrite phase and an austenite phase in a certain proportion, and has the mechanical property characteristics of the ferrite stainless steel and the austenite stainless steel: the alloy has high strength and good toughness, and integrates good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance under various environments and weldability.
The finished stainless steel forging needs to have greater than 150J for tangential, lateral and longitudinal impact. However, the existing forging process enables tangential, transverse and longitudinal impact of the forging to be less than 150J, and individual values to be even less than 100J. How to solve this problem becomes important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a forging process for improving stainless steel impact, so as to solve the problem that the tangential, transverse and longitudinal impact of a forging piece in the prior art cannot meet the requirements.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a forging process for improving stainless steel impact;
the method comprises the following steps:
and a heating step: heating the raw materials; heating temperature: 1155-1165 ℃;
forging: sequentially performing drawing, drawing and upsetting forging on the raw materials to form a forging; initial forging temperature: 1150-1160 deg.c; finish forging temperature: 910-915 ℃;
and (3) heat treatment: heating and preserving heat of the forging, and then cooling to room temperature; heating temperature: 1025-1035 ℃; the heat preservation time is as follows: 3.5 to 4.5 hours.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c < 0.03, si < 1.0, mn < 2.0, cr:23.5 to 24.5, mo:3.2 to 3.5 percent of Ni, 5.0 to 6.0 percent of N:0.19 to 0.25, al < 0.020, V:0.08 to 0.15, P is less than 0.03, S is less than 0.01; the balance being Fe.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements: ni: mn is more than or equal to 5.5 and less than or equal to 6.0,1.5 and less than 2.0.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the first drawing ratio in the forging step is as follows: 1.73; the second drawing ratio is more than 2; the upsetting ratio is > 2.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the heating step comprises the following steps:
the first heating process is as follows: heating temperature: 700-750 ℃; heating rate: 5-6 ℃/min; the heat preservation time is as follows: 30-40 min;
and (3) a second heating process: heating temperature: 960-970 ℃; heating rate: 2-3 ℃/min; the heat preservation time is as follows: 50-60 min;
and a third heating process: heating temperature: 1155-1165 ℃; heating rate: 8-9 ℃/min; no incubation was performed.
The further technical scheme is as follows: drawing out by adopting a die in the forging step; the die punches the raw materials along the drawing direction; a stamping groove is formed in one side, close to the raw material, of the die; a curved surface protruding towards the direction of the raw material is formed around the stamping groove; and (5) the adjacent curved arcs are in transition.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the first drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle; drawing the raw materials to a first position of a deformation stroke; the rotation number of the raw materials is more than or equal to 2.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the second drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle; drawing the raw materials to the limit of deformation stroke; the rotation number of the raw materials is more than or equal to 4.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the rotating angle position in the first drawing process and the rotating angle position in the second drawing process are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction of the raw material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The tensile strength and the elongation of the raw materials are improved by controlling the percentage of Mn element in the raw materials, the precipitated phase in the raw materials is transformed from short branches to semi-continuous, the solid solution strengthening effect and the second phase strengthening effect are obviously enhanced along with the increase of the precipitated phase formed in the grain boundary and the matrix, the mechanical property of the raw materials is improved, ni element is austenite forming element, mn element is austenite stabilizing element, the content of austenite in the forging can be improved by controlling the percentage of Ni element and Mn element in the raw materials, and the impact resistance of the forging is improved;
(2) In the third heating process, a heat preservation process does not exist, the raw materials with internal and external temperature differences are directly subjected to a forging step, the overall time of the forging process can be shortened, when the raw materials are subjected to drawing and upsetting in the forging step, the die can cause sudden drop of the surface temperature of the raw materials, meanwhile, the temperature of the raw materials is increased due to extrusion, and the internal and external temperature differences of the raw materials caused by the internal and external temperature differences of the raw materials before the forging step are eliminated after the forging step;
(3) In the forging step, there are two drawing processes, so that the anisotropy of the forging is effectively improved, and in the final upsetting process, the original single axial streamline of the raw material is improved, so that the streamline of the forging is close to the product shape during forging;
(4) By the curved surface protruding towards the direction of the raw material, when the raw material is drawn in the forging step, the curved surface is beneficial to improving the deformation of the position of the contact curved surface on the raw material, and the die can provide larger extrusion force, so that the local deformation of the raw material is more uniform;
(5) In order to avoid that the first drawing process and the second drawing process are the same position where the raw materials are pressed by forging, the rotation angle position in the first drawing process and the rotation angle position in the second drawing process are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction of the raw materials, and the pressing positions by forging in the two drawing processes are mutually staggered at intervals, so that the raw materials can be uniformly drawn in the drawing process;
(6) In the heat treatment step, atoms of the forging have enough activity, large energy atoms deviating from the equilibrium position and lower equilibrium position migration, so that internal stress of the forging structure is relaxed, distortion stored in the forging can be released, and plastic property of the forging is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a forging process to enhance stainless steel impact according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a structural diagram of a mold according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings: 1. a mold; 11. stamping a groove; 12. a curved surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following more detailed description of the device according to the present invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for the purpose of facilitating and clearly aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention. For a better understanding of the invention with objects, features and advantages, refer to the drawings. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that any modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes of structures, proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a forging process to enhance stainless steel impact according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows a structural diagram of a mold according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention discloses a forging process for improving impact of stainless steel.
A forging process for enhancing the impact of stainless steel comprising the steps of:
and a heating step: the raw materials are heated. Heating temperature: 1155-1165 deg.c.
Forging: and sequentially performing drawing, drawing and upsetting forging on the raw materials to form the forging. Initial forging temperature: 1150-1160 deg.c. Finish forging temperature: 910-915 ℃.
And (3) heat treatment: and heating and preserving the heat of the forging, and then cooling the forging to room temperature. Heating temperature: 1025-1035 ℃. The heat preservation time is as follows: 3.5 to 4.5 hours.
The raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c < 0.03, si < 1.0, mn < 2.0, cr:23.5 to 24.5, mo:3.2 to 3.5, ni:5.0 to 6.0, N:0.19 to 0.25, al < 0.020, V: 0.08-0.15, P is less than 0.03, S is less than 0.01. The balance being Fe.
The raw materials comprise the following chemical elements: ni: mn is more than or equal to 5.5 and less than or equal to 6.0,1.5 and less than 2.0.
The heating step comprises the following steps:
the first heating process is as follows: heating temperature: 700-750 ℃. Heating rate: 5-6 ℃/min. The heat preservation time is as follows: 30-40 min.
And (3) a second heating process: heating temperature: 960-970 ℃. Heating rate: 2-3 ℃/min. The heat preservation time is as follows: 50-60 min.
And a third heating process: heating temperature: 1155-1165 deg.c. Heating rate: 8-9 ℃/min. No incubation was performed.
The composition percentage of each chemical element in the raw materials needs to be strictly controlled. In particular, the control of the proportion of the Ni element and the Mn element is performed.
The Mn element can enlarge the austenite phase region, and plays a larger role in strengthening the raw material by controlling the proportion of Mn element components. Meanwhile, mn element can reduce critical cooling speed of the raw material, improve hardenability of the raw material, increase stability of austenite during cooling, inhibit decomposition of the austenite, and enable the austenite of the raw material to be kept at normal temperature.
Mn element is added into the raw material, after the raw material is heated, the raw material tissue is in a dendrite structure, and the precipitated phase shows a continuous distribution trend. When the Mn element in the raw material is controlled to be less than or equal to 1.5 and less than 2.0, the precipitated phases of the raw material are connected together in a cross-linked branch-shaped structure, and the precipitated phases are more and the crystal grains are larger. However, when the percentage of Mn element in the raw material reaches 2.0 or above, the precipitation amount in the raw material tissue is continuously increased, the point-shaped to block-shaped transition is performed, even continuous distribution is formed, and the mechanical property of the raw material is seriously affected, so that the percentage of Mn in the raw material needs to be strictly controlled.
By controlling the percentage of Mn element in the raw material, the tensile strength and the elongation of the raw material are improved. The precipitated phase in the raw material is changed from short branches to semicontinuous, and the solid solution strengthening effect and the second phase strengthening effect are obviously enhanced along with the increase of the precipitated phase formed in the grain boundary and the matrix, so that the mechanical property of the raw material is improved.
The Ni element can improve the stability of the passivation film in the raw material, thereby improving the thermodynamic stability of the raw material. The Ni element is an element that strongly forms and stabilizes austenite, and can be solid-dissolved in y-Fe and enlarge the austenite phase region, lowering the transformation temperature of martensite.
The component percentage of Ni element in the raw material is strictly controlled, the volume fraction of austenite in the raw material is obviously increased, and the impact toughness of the raw material is obviously improved.
The Ni element is an austenite forming element. The Mn element is an austenite stabilizing element. The content of austenite in the forging can be improved and the impact resistance of the forging can be improved by controlling the percentages of Ni element and Mn element in the raw materials.
The heating step is a preparation step before the forging step. In the forging step, the raw material is required to be drawn twice and upset once in sequence. The raw materials are heated through a heating step, and less high-temperature ferrite is obtained under the condition of ensuring plasticity.
In the first heating process of the heating step, the raw materials are heated to 700-750 ℃ at a certain heating rate, and at the moment, the raw materials are heated unevenly inside and outside and have a certain temperature difference. The temperature difference existing in the raw materials can be reduced to a certain extent through heat preservation for a certain time. The heat preservation time is controlled between 25 and 30 minutes, the heat preservation time is shorter, and the heat preservation process can only reduce the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the raw materials.
In the second heating process of the heating step, the temperature rising speed is controlled to be 2-3 ℃/min, the temperature rising speed is slower, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the raw materials is further reduced in the temperature rising process, but the temperature difference between the inside and the outside still exists to a certain extent. The temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the raw materials is eliminated through long-time heat preservation.
In the third heating process, the raw materials are rapidly heated to 1155-1165 ℃ through a rapid heating speed, and at the moment, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the raw materials occurs again.
In the third heating process, a heat preservation process does not exist, and the raw materials with internal and external temperature difference are directly subjected to a forging step, so that the whole time of the forging process can be shortened.
When the raw materials are drawn and upset in the forging step, the die can cause sudden drop of the surface temperature of the raw materials, meanwhile, the temperature rise is caused by extrusion in the raw materials, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the raw materials caused by the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the raw materials before the forging step is eliminated after the forging step.
The first drawing ratio in the forging step is as follows: 1.73. the second drawing ratio is more than 2. The upsetting ratio is > 2.
In the forging step, the die 1 is used for drawing. The die 1 punches the raw material in the drawing direction. A stamping groove 11 is formed on one side of the die 1 close to the raw material. A curved surface 12 protruding in the direction of the raw material is formed around the punching groove 11. The adjacent curved surfaces 12 arc transitions.
The first drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle. And drawing the raw material to the first position of the deformation stroke. The rotation number of the raw materials is more than or equal to 2.
The second drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle. And drawing the raw materials to the limit of the deformation stroke. The rotation number of the raw materials is more than or equal to 4.
The rotating angle position in the first drawing process and the rotating angle position in the second drawing process are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction of the raw material.
In the forging step, there are two drawing processes, so that the anisotropy of the forging is effectively improved. In the final upsetting process, the original single axial streamline of the raw material is improved, and the streamline of the forging piece can be close to the shape of the product during forging and forming.
In the forging step, the die 1 is used for drawing. The die 1 punches the raw material in the drawing direction. A stamping groove 11 is formed on one side of the die 1 close to the raw material. A curved surface 12 protruding in the direction of the raw material is formed around the punching groove 11. The adjacent curved surfaces 12 arc transitions.
In the forging step, two sets of dies 1 are adopted for drawing forging. A punching groove 11 is formed in the lower end of the upper die 1, and the lower end of the punching groove 11 is opened. A punching groove 11 is formed in the upper end of the lower die 1, and the upper end of the punching groove 11 is opened. Preferably, the punching groove 11 has a trapezoidal shape.
Through towards the bellied curved surface 12 of raw materials direction for when carrying out the extension to the raw materials in the forging step, curved surface 12 is favorable to promoting the deformation of contact curved surface 12 position on the raw materials, and mould 1 can provide bigger extrusion force, makes the raw materials local deformation more even.
The forging step is not drawn in place once but by a two-pass drawing process.
The raw material is drawn to the first position of the deformation stroke in the first drawing process. The first part of the raw material drawing deformation amount stroke is 1/2-2/3 of the raw material drawing deformation amount stroke. And the raw material is pulled out to the limit of the deformation amount stroke in the second pulling process, and the raw material is pulled out to the final size in the second pulling process.
In the first drawing process, the raw materials need to be rotated for a certain angle along the axis in the left-right direction after each drawing forging, and the reciprocating cycle is performed.
After the first drawing process, the second drawing process is needed, so that the raw material is only required to be rotated for more than 2 circles. Since the raw material is drawn to the final size in the second drawing process, it is necessary to rotate the raw material more than 4 turns. The number of rotation turns of the raw material in the first drawing process is smaller than that of the raw material in the second drawing process.
In order to avoid that the first drawing process and the second drawing process are both forging and pressing the same position of the raw material, the rotation angle position in the first drawing process and the rotation angle position in the second drawing process are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction of the raw material. The forging and pressing positions are staggered at intervals in the two-time drawing process. So that the raw materials can be evenly pulled out in the pulling process.
After the heat treatment step, the forging piece obtains high strength, high toughness and high corrosion resistance. The heating temperature of the forging is controlled at 1025-1035 ℃ in the heat treatment step, the ferrite content in the forging is reduced, and the impact toughness of the forging is improved.
And (3) re-solutionizing the compound precipitated from the austenitic matrix of the forging and the strengthening element into the austenitic matrix in the heat treatment step, so that the alloy element of the forging is redistributed, and the comprehensive performance of the forging is improved. The deformation energy stored in the austenitic structure of the forging piece is used for enabling forging piece atoms to have enough activity capability in the heat treatment step, deviating from the equilibrium position, enabling the atoms with high energy and low capability to migrate from the equilibrium position, enabling the internal stress of the forging piece structure to be relaxed, enabling the distortion stored in the forging piece to be released, and improving the plasticity performance of the forging piece.
The procedure of the invention is illustrated in the following two examples:
first embodiment:
a forging process for enhancing the impact of stainless steel comprising the steps of:
the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c:0.01, si:0.3, mn:1.5, cr:23.5, mo:3.2, ni:5.5, N:0.19, al:0.01, v:0.08, P:0.01 and S is 0.005. The balance being Fe.
And a heating step: the raw materials are heated. Heating temperature: 1155 ℃.
The heating step comprises the following steps:
the first heating process is as follows: heating temperature: 700 ℃. Heating rate: 5 ℃/min. The heat preservation time is as follows: 30min.
And (3) a second heating process: heating temperature: 960 ℃. Heating rate: 2 ℃/min. The heat preservation time is as follows: 50min.
And a third heating process: heating temperature: 1155 ℃. Heating rate: 8 ℃/min. No incubation was performed.
Forging: and sequentially performing drawing, drawing and upsetting forging on the raw materials to form the forging. Initial forging temperature: 1150 ℃. Finish forging temperature: 910 ℃.
The first drawing ratio in the forging step is as follows: 1.73. the second drawing ratio is 2.2. Upsetting ratio is 2.2.
In the forging step, the die 1 is used for drawing. The die 1 punches the raw material in the drawing direction. A stamping groove 11 is formed on one side of the die 1 close to the raw material. A curved surface 12 protruding in the direction of the raw material is formed around the punching groove 11. The adjacent curved surfaces 12 arc transitions.
The first drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle. And drawing the raw material to the first position of the deformation stroke. The number of turns of raw material rotation: 2.
the second drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle. And drawing the raw materials to the limit of the deformation stroke. The number of turns of raw material rotation: 4.
the rotating angle position in the first drawing process and the rotating angle position in the second drawing process are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction of the raw material.
And (3) heat treatment: and heating and preserving the heat of the forging, and then cooling the forging to room temperature. Heating temperature: 1025 ℃. The heat preservation time is as follows: 3.5h.
Table 1: performance of the forging in example one tensile test and impact test
Second embodiment:
as shown in fig. 1, the forging process for improving the impact of stainless steel of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c:0.025, si:0.9, mn:1.9, cr:24.5, mo:3.5, ni:6.0, n:0.25, al:0.015, V:0.15, P:0.025, S:0.009. The balance being Fe.
And a heating step: the raw materials are heated. Heating temperature: 1165 ℃.
The heating step comprises the following steps:
the first heating process is as follows: heating temperature: 750 ℃. Heating rate: 6 ℃/min. The heat preservation time is as follows: and 40min.
And (3) a second heating process: heating temperature: 970 ℃. Heating rate: 3 ℃/min. The heat preservation time is as follows: and 60min.
And a third heating process: heating temperature: 1165 ℃. Heating rate: 9 ℃/min. No incubation was performed.
Forging: and sequentially performing drawing, drawing and upsetting forging on the raw materials to form the forging. Initial forging temperature: 1160 ℃. Finish forging temperature: 915 ℃.
The first drawing ratio in the forging step is as follows: 1.73. second drawing ratio: 3.2. upsetting ratio: 3.2.
in the forging step, the die 1 is used for drawing. The die 1 punches the raw material in the drawing direction. A stamping groove 11 is formed on one side of the die 1 close to the raw material. A curved surface 12 protruding in the direction of the raw material is formed around the punching groove 11. The adjacent curved surfaces 12 arc transitions.
The first drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle. And drawing the raw material to the first position of the deformation stroke. And 3 turns of the raw material.
The second drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle. And drawing the raw materials to the limit of the deformation stroke. The number of turns of the raw material is 6.
The rotating angle position in the first drawing process and the rotating angle position in the second drawing process are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction of the raw material.
And (3) heat treatment: and heating and preserving the heat of the forging, and then cooling the forging to room temperature. Heating temperature: 1035 ℃. The heat preservation time is as follows: 4.5h.
Table 2: performance of the forging in example two in tensile test and impact test
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A forging process for improving stainless steel impact is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
and a heating step: heating the raw materials; heating temperature: 1155-1165 ℃;
the heating step comprises the following steps:
the first heating process is as follows: heating temperature: 700-750 ℃; heating rate: 5-6 ℃/min; the heat preservation time is as follows: 30-40 min;
and (3) a second heating process: heating temperature: 960-970 ℃; heating rate: 2-3 ℃/min; the heat preservation time is as follows: 50-60 min;
and a third heating process: heating temperature: 1155-1165 ℃; heating rate: 8-9 ℃/min; the heat preservation is not carried out;
forging: sequentially performing drawing, drawing and upsetting forging on the raw materials to form a forging; initial forging temperature: 1150-1160 deg.c; finish forging temperature: 910-915 ℃;
and (3) heat treatment: heating and preserving heat of the forging, and then cooling to room temperature; heating temperature: 1025-1035 ℃; the heat preservation time is as follows: 3.5 to 4.5 hours.
2. The forging process for improving the impact of stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c < 0.03, si < 1.0, mn < 2.0, cr:23.5 to 24.5, mo:3.2 to 3.5 percent of Ni, 5.0 to 6.0 percent of N:0.19 to 0.25, al < 0.020, V:0.08 to 0.15, P is less than 0.03, S is less than 0.01; the balance being Fe.
3. The forging process for improving the impact of stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein: the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements: ni: mn is more than or equal to 5.5 and less than or equal to 6.0,1.5 and less than 2.0.
4. The forging process for improving the impact of stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the first drawing ratio in the forging step is as follows: 1.73; the second drawing ratio is more than 2; the upsetting ratio is > 2.
5. The forging process for improving the impact of stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: drawing out by adopting a die in the forging step; the die punches the raw materials along the drawing direction; a stamping groove is formed in one side, close to the raw material, of the die; a curved surface protruding towards the direction of the raw material is formed around the stamping groove; and (5) the adjacent curved arcs are in transition.
6. The forging process for improving the impact of stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the first drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle; drawing the raw materials to a first position of a deformation stroke; the rotation number of the raw materials is more than or equal to 2.
7. The stainless steel impact-enhancing forging process as recited in claim 6, wherein:
the second drawing process in the forging step comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are drawn after rotating along the axis for a certain angle; drawing the raw materials to the limit of deformation stroke; the rotation number of the raw materials is more than or equal to 4.
8. The stainless steel impact-enhancing forging process as recited in claim 7, wherein: the rotating angle position in the first drawing process and the rotating angle position in the second drawing process are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction of the raw material.
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