CN114767220A - Universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with locking mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with a locking mechanism, which comprise a handle shell (12), surgical forceps heads matched with the handle shell (12), a handle opening and closing piece (4) hinged with the handle shell (12), a handle core rod (11) matched with the handle opening and closing piece (4), a steering mechanism and a locking mechanism. The invention changes the straight-bar type surgical forceps in the prior art into the surgical forceps capable of performing universal motion through the structural improvement, and the invention can solve the operation problem of some drilling cutting angles in the operation by mutually matching the steering mechanism and the locking mechanism, and is convenient for switching the modes back and forth.

Description

Universal minimally invasive surgery forceps with locking mechanism

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to universal minimally invasive surgery forceps with a locking mechanism.

Background

The minimally invasive surgery is widely popularized due to small opening, small wound and quick recovery, and is widely applied to the surgery of each department at the present stage.

However, since the opening is small in the operation, the angle and the position of the opening can be changed, the movement range of the operating forceps in the human body is small, and the doctor is often required to match the movement angle of the operating forceps, so that the hand of the doctor is in a certain twisted angle for a long time, the hand of the doctor is easy to be numb, and the operation safety and the health of the doctor can be influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, there is a need to provide a universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with a locking mechanism, which solves the problems in the prior art.

The invention relates to universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with a locking mechanism, which comprise a handle shell, a surgical forceps head, a handle opening and closing piece hinged with the handle shell, a handle core rod matched with the handle opening and closing piece, a steering mechanism and a locking mechanism, wherein the handle opening and closing piece is hinged with the handle shell;

a limiting cavity is arranged at one end part of the handle shell, a limiting table is arranged on the outer wall of the limiting cavity, an opening is arranged on one side of the limiting cavity, a limiting clamping ring extends inwards from the opening, a limiting baffle is arranged on the other side of the limiting cavity, a core rod limiting hole is formed in the limiting baffle, and the handle core rod penetrates through the core rod limiting hole in the limiting baffle and is matched with the handle opening-closing piece;

the steering mechanism is matched with the surgical binding clip and comprises a primary spherical joint fixing piece, a spherical joint binding clip, a secondary spherical joint fixing piece and a binding clip core rod which is arranged in the spherical joint binding clip in a penetrating manner;

the primary ball joint fixing piece is of a cover body structure, an opening is formed in the primary ball joint fixing piece corresponding to the ball joint binding clip, the aperture of the opening is larger than the outer diameter of the tubular binding clip, and the aperture of the opening is smaller than the diameter of a ball joint ball body;

the ball joint tong head comprises a tubular tong head and a ball joint fixedly arranged at the end part of the tubular tong head; the spherical joint is provided with a spherical joint cavity which is communicated with the tubular forceps head, a core rod connecting piece is arranged in the spherical joint cavity, two ends of the core rod connecting piece are provided with spherical grooves, one end parts of the forceps head core rod and the handle core rod are spherical end parts, the spherical end parts are limited in the spherical grooves, and the other end of the forceps head core rod penetrates through the tubular forceps head to be connected with the surgical forceps head;

the second-level spherical joint fixing piece is of a tubular structure, and the tubular structure comprises a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe fixedly connected with the first connecting pipe, and a limiting pipe fixedly connected with the second connecting pipe; the outer diameters of the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe and the limiting pipe are sequentially decreased progressively; the inner diameters of the two connecting pipes and the limiting pipe are equal, and a ball joint abdicating cavity is arranged at the inner side of the first connecting pipe; a limiting step is arranged at the joint of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe; the end part of the connecting second pipe connected with the limiting pipe is provided with a limiting groove; the inner side of the pipe wall of the connecting two pipes is provided with a limiting tooth-shaped ring, the pipe wall of the connecting two pipes and the limiting pipe is provided with a plurality of abdicating grooves, and the abdicating grooves penetrate through the limiting tooth-shaped ring;

the first-stage ball joint fixing piece is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe; the tubular binding clip penetrates through the opening, the ball joint is arranged in the ball joint abdicating cavity, and the ball joint binding clip is matched with a connecting pipe through a primary ball joint fixing piece to form limiting;

the limiting clamping ring is clamped in the limiting groove, one end of the secondary ball joint fixing piece is limited with the handle shell through the matching of the limiting clamping ring and the limiting groove, and the end part of the limiting pipe is abutted to the limiting baffle;

the locking mechanism comprises a hand-pulling piece, a secondary tooth-shaped piece, a primary spring, a secondary spring, a blocking piece arranged in the inner cavity of the secondary ball joint fixing piece and a primary tooth-shaped piece arranged in the inner cavity of the secondary ball joint fixing piece;

the hand-pulling piece comprises a tubular cavity, an interlayer is arranged in the tubular cavity, the length of the inner wall of the interlayer is smaller than that of the outer wall of the interlayer, and a plurality of hand-pulling piece limiting strips are arranged on the inner wall of the interlayer; the end part of the hand-pulling piece limiting strip extends to form a clamping jaw; the end part of the hand-pulling piece is matched with the limiting table;

the blocking piece is of a tubular structure, one end of the blocking piece is provided with a blocking part, the side wall of the other end of the blocking piece is provided with a clamping tongue, the blocking piece is provided with a yielding channel corresponding to the handle core rod, the end part of the clamping tongue is provided with a clamping tongue bulge, and the end part of the blocking part is matched with the end part of the ball joint;

the primary tooth-shaped part is of an annular structure, one end of the primary tooth-shaped part is provided with a plurality of tooth-shaped limiting grooves, and the other end of the primary tooth-shaped part is provided with a primary tooth-shaped ring; the first-stage tooth-shaped piece is sleeved on the blocking piece, the hand-pulling piece is sleeved on the second-stage ball joint fixing piece, and the hand-pulling piece limiting strip penetrates through the abdicating groove and is detachably and fixedly connected with the tooth-shaped limiting groove; the first-stage tooth-shaped part and the hand-pulling part form detachable fixed connection with the clamping jaw through the tooth-shaped limiting groove;

a secondary spring accommodating cavity is formed among the inner wall of the tubular cavity, the interlayer, the outer side wall of the secondary spherical joint fixing piece and the limiting clamping ring, and the secondary spring is arranged in the secondary spring accommodating cavity;

the secondary tooth-shaped part is of a tubular structure, one end of the secondary tooth-shaped part is provided with a secondary tooth-shaped ring, and the other end of the secondary tooth-shaped part is provided with a step; the primary tooth-shaped ring is matched with the secondary tooth-shaped ring; a plurality of tooth-shaped columns and hole-opening grooves are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the secondary tooth-shaped part, the clamping tongues are matched with the hole-opening grooves, and the blocking piece and the secondary tooth-shaped part are in detachable fixed connection through the matching of the clamping tongues and the hole-opening grooves;

the tooth-shaped column is respectively matched with the limit tooth-shaped ring and the abdication groove,

a first-level spring accommodating cavity is formed between the inner walls of the step, the limiting pipe and the limiting baffle, the first-level spring is arranged in the first-level spring accommodating cavity, and the length of the first-level spring in the first-level spring accommodating cavity is smaller than the free length of the first-level spring.

The tubular binding clip and the ball joint are integrally formed, or the tubular binding clip and the ball joint are fixedly connected through clamping, adhesive layer bonding or welding.

The ball joint of the invention can be attached to the side wall of the opening.

The first-level ball joint fixing piece limits the axial movement of the ball joint binding clip; under the action of external force, the ball joint binding clip rotates relative to the opening.

The two-stage spherical joint fixing piece and the handle shell can rotate relatively under the action of external force.

The outer wall of the interlayer is the inner wall of the tubular cavity.

Under the action of external force, the spherical end part can rotate relative to the spherical groove; namely, one end of the tong head core rod and one end of the handle core rod are respectively in rotary connection with the core rod connecting piece, and the rotation is universal rotation.

The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism comprises a straight rod working mode and a universal working mode;

when the secondary tooth-shaped part is clamped in the abdicating groove of the secondary ball joint fixing part, the front end face of the blocking part props against the rear end face of the ball joint tong head, and the ball joint tong head is locked to be in a straight rod mode;

when the secondary tooth-shaped part is clamped in the limiting tooth-shaped ring of the secondary ball joint fixing part, the front end face of the blocking part is far away from the rear end face of the ball joint binding clip, the ball joint binding clip is released, and a universal mode is presented;

the mutual switching between the straight rod working mode and the universal working mode is realized through the following movements: under the action of external force, the hand-pulling piece moves towards the handle shell on the secondary ball joint fixing piece, and the hand-pulling piece limiting strip drives the primary tooth-shaped piece to synchronously move along the abdicating groove; the hand-pulling piece and the secondary spherical joint fixing piece can integrally and synchronously rotate and cannot perform relative rotation movement;

in the movement process, the primary tooth-shaped ring of the primary tooth-shaped piece is in contact with the secondary tooth-shaped ring of the secondary tooth-shaped piece, the primary tooth-shaped ring and the secondary tooth-shaped ring form limit, the primary tooth-shaped piece drives the secondary tooth-shaped piece to move towards the handle shell, and the blocking piece also moves along with the secondary tooth-shaped piece;

the first-stage spring is arranged in the first-stage spring accommodating cavity and is further compressed by the upper bottom surface of the step to form increased restoring force; the secondary spring is arranged in the secondary spring accommodating cavity and is compressed by the bottom surface of the interlayer to form restoring force; the tooth-shaped column of the secondary tooth-shaped element is clamped on the limiting tooth-shaped ring or the abdicating groove on the inner side of the secondary spherical joint fixing element;

when the external force is released, the restoring force of the secondary spring and the partial restoring force of the primary spring give the force of returning the hand-pulling piece to the initial position, and the conversion of the working mode is completed.

The primary spring arranged in the primary spring accommodating cavity is always in a compressed state and can apply a force to the step in the direction towards the primary tooth-shaped piece.

The core rod connecting piece is movably arranged in the spherical joint cavity and is limited by the connection with the binding clip core rod and the handle core rod.

The other end of the forceps head core rod of the invention is connected with the surgical forceps head, the surgical forceps head is an opening and closing forceps head, namely, the front and back movement is converted into the angular rotation movement, and the structure of the surgical forceps head is the prior art.

As a further improvement, a pin is fixedly arranged in the ball joint abdicating cavity, and a limiting groove matched with the pin is arranged on the circumference of the ball joint; the ball joint abdicating cavity is provided with a ball joint limiting hole on the cavity wall corresponding to the maximum diameter of the cavity; one end of the pin is fixed on the ball joint limiting hole, and the other end of the pin is arranged in the limiting groove.

When the ball joint tong head is not blocked by the blocking piece, the ball joint can rotate and reciprocate along the circumferential direction of the limiting groove under the action of external force, and the limiting groove slides in a reciprocating manner relative to the pin at the moment; the ball joint is also rotationally reciprocable relative to the central axis of the pin or the maximum diameter of the cavity. The pin is used for limiting the rotary reciprocating motion of the ball joint along the central axis of the secondary ball joint fixing piece.

As a further improvement of the invention, the pin is tangent to the limiting groove, or the pin is clamped in the limiting groove;

the pin is limited in the limiting groove through the matching of the first-level ball joint fixing piece, the ball joint and the assembly of the connecting pipe.

As a further improvement of the invention, at least two pins or limiting grooves are arranged.

As a further improvement of the invention, the hand-pulling piece further comprises a pull handle fixed on the outer side surface of the tubular cavity, and the pull handle is composed of a plurality of bulges extending outwards from the tubular cavity; at least one handle is arranged.

As a further development of the invention, the pull handle is provided with at least three.

As a further improvement of the invention, the hand pulling piece limiting strip is formed by extending a tubular cavity inwards; the hand pulling piece limiting strip is provided with at least one hand pulling piece limiting strip.

As a further improvement of the invention, the hand pulling piece limiting strip is formed by extending a tubular cavity inwards; the hand pulling piece limiting strips are at least three.

As a further improvement of the invention, a cover ring extends outwards from the tubular cavity and is sleeved outside the first-stage ball joint fixing piece; for enhanced protection.

As a further improvement of the invention, the pipe wall at one end of the blocking piece is cut to form a clamping tongue; the latch can further stabilize the connection state.

As a further improvement of the invention, at least one of the hand pulling piece limiting strip, the tooth-shaped limiting groove or the hand pulling piece abdicating groove is arranged.

As a further improvement of the invention, at least three hand pulling piece limiting strips, tooth-shaped limiting grooves or hand pulling piece abdicating grooves are arranged.

As a further improvement of the invention, for further stable connection, the hand-pulling piece limiting strip and the primary tooth-shaped piece are both made of magnetic materials;

as a further improvement of the invention, the end part of the blocking part is provided with a yielding opening, the yielding opening is provided with a limiting plug, and the blocking part and the limiting plug are provided with a yielding channel corresponding to the handle core rod.

As a further improvement of the invention, the distance a between the limiting table and the opening, the difference b between the length of the outer wall of the interlayer and the length of the inner wall of the interlayer are subtracted, and the smaller value of the distance a and the difference b is the sliding distance of the hand-pulling piece in the second-stage ball joint fixing piece.

As a further improvement of the invention, the primary spring or the secondary spring is provided with at least one;

as a further improvement of the invention, a plurality of primary springs or secondary springs are provided;

as a further improvement of the invention, a handle opening and closing piece groove is arranged on the handle opening and closing piece, one end part of the handle core rod is arranged in the handle opening and closing piece groove, the handle opening and closing piece moves around a hinged joint on the handle shell under the action of external force to drive the handle core rod to move back and forth, so that the core rod connecting piece and the forceps head core rod are driven to move back and forth, and the opening and closing of the surgical forceps head are controlled.

As a further improvement of the invention, the cross section of the groove of the handle opening and closing piece is a circle containing an abdicating notch.

As a further improvement of the invention, a secondary circular groove is arranged downwards on the bottom surface of the groove of the handle opening and closing piece.

As a further improvement of the invention, the hand-pulling piece can axially move back and forth on the secondary spherical joint fixing piece and cannot relatively rotate through the matching of the clamping groove on the hand-pulling piece and the abdication groove on the secondary spherical joint fixing piece, so that the hand-pulling piece can drive the internal parts to rotate together when rotating, the primary tooth-shaped piece can be driven to move together towards the handle shell when the hand-pulling piece is driven by external force, the primary tooth-shaped piece collides with the secondary tooth-shaped piece in the movement, the secondary tooth-shaped piece is driven to move together towards the handle shell, and the conversion of two working modes is completed; the first-stage spring is used for pushing the second-stage tooth-shaped part to move forwards, and the blocking part is used for propping against the tail part of the ball joint to enable the ball joint not to move or enabling the second-stage tooth-shaped part to be clamped on the second-stage ball joint fixing part; the secondary spring is positioned on the front end surface of the handle shell and used for enabling the hand pulling piece to reset;

as a further improvement of the invention, the check ring is matched with the end part of the ball joint cavity.

As a further improvement of the invention, the outer side surface of the blocking part is provided with a blocking ring, and the outer diameter of the blocking ring is not more than the inner diameter of the connecting two pipes and not less than the inner diameter of the limiting tooth-shaped ring.

As a further improvement of the invention, the mandrel connecting piece comprises a cylinder, the cylinder consists of two semi-cylinders, the two semi-cylinders are fixedly connected, and two end parts of the inner sides of the semi-cylinders are respectively provided with a semi-spherical groove.

During assembly, the spherical end parts of the forceps head core rod and the handle core rod are respectively placed in the hemispherical grooves of the core rod connecting piece, then the two half cylinders are folded and fixedly connected, the hemispherical groove combination forms the spherical grooves, so that the spherical end parts are limited in the spherical grooves, namely one end part of the forceps head core rod and one end part of the handle core rod are respectively limited in one spherical groove, under the action of external force, the spherical end parts can rotate relative to the spherical grooves, namely the forceps head core rod or the handle core rod can rotate universally relative to the spherical grooves.

As a further improvement of the invention, the two semi-cylinders are fixedly connected by welding, or the two semi-cylinders are provided with pin fixing holes, and the two semi-cylinders are fixedly connected by matching of connecting pins and the pin fixing holes.

As a further improvement of the invention, the mandrel connecting piece further comprises two annular limiting pieces fixedly connected with the cylinder; the annular limiting part is sleeved and fixed at the end part of the cylinder. The connection between the two semi-cylinders can be further stabilized.

As a further improvement of the invention, a fixing ring is arranged in the middle of the cylinder; the fixed ring consists of two semi-ring bodies, the semi-ring bodies are fixedly arranged in the middle of the semi-cylinder body, and the two semi-ring bodies are fixedly connected.

As a further improvement of the invention, the two semi-cylinders or the two semi-ring bodies are fixedly connected by welding, or the semi-cylinders and the semi-ring bodies are provided with through pin fixing holes which are matched with the connecting pins; and the two half cylinders or the two half ring bodies are fixedly connected through the matching of the connecting pins and the pin fixing holes.

As a further improvement of the invention, the annular limiting part is fixedly connected with the end part of the cylinder and the fixing ring through welding, and the semi-cylinder and the semi-ring body are fixedly connected through integral forming or welding.

During assembly, the spherical end parts of the tong head core rod and the handle core rod are respectively placed in the hemispherical grooves of the core rod connecting pieces, then the semicylindrical bodies are folded, the connecting pins penetrate through the pin fixing holes to form first layer limiting fixation, the semicylindrical bodies are folded into cylinders, the annular limiting piece is sleeved at the end part of the cylinder and is attached to the fixing ring, and the annular limiting piece, the end part of the cylinder and the fixing ring are fixedly connected through welding.

As a further improvement of the invention, the limiting tooth-shaped ring comprises complete limiting teeth and incomplete teeth formed by penetrating the abdicating groove; the number of teeth of the first-level tooth-shaped ring is as follows: the number of complete limit teeth of the limit tooth-shaped ring is as follows: the number of yielding slots =2:1: 1; number of teeth of primary tooth ring: number of tooth-shaped posts: the number of teeth of the secondary tooth-shaped ring is =2:1: 1.

The tooth cooperation of the tooth of one-level profile of tooth circle and second grade profile of tooth circle, the effect lets second grade profile of tooth spare take place to rotate, and when second grade profile of tooth spare was rotatory, the profile of tooth post is spacing with the complete spacing tooth of spacing profile of tooth circle on the second grade ball joint mounting, and the profile of tooth post can fall and carry on spacingly in the groove of stepping down when that next rotation.

As a further improvement of the invention, the number of the teeth of the primary toothed ring is at least four.

As a further improvement of the invention, the teeth of the primary toothed ring and the teeth of the secondary toothed ring are equal in height.

As a further improvement of the invention, the angle of the tooth point of the limit tooth-shaped ring is not more than 60 degrees, the angle of the tooth point of the tooth-shaped column is not more than 40 degrees, and the angle of the tooth point of the primary tooth-shaped ring is not more than 120 degrees

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.

The universal operating forceps change a straight-bar type operating forceps in the prior art into an operating forceps capable of performing universal motion through structural improvement, and the steering mechanism and the locking mechanism are matched with each other, so that the operating problems of some drilling angles encountered by doctors in the operation can be solved, and the modes can be conveniently switched back and forth.

The invention divides the traditional straight-bar type surgical forceps into an operating part and an executing part, a ball joint capable of moving in a universal way is additionally arranged at the tail part of the executing part, namely a tubular forceps head, a locking mechanism is additionally arranged at one end of the ball joint, and the movement of the ball joint is controlled by the locking mechanism, so that the executing part is controlled to be fixed or can move in a universal way.

According to the invention, the mandrel connecting piece is arranged, the two end parts of the mandrel connecting piece are provided with the spherical grooves, the tong head mandrel and the handle mandrel are respectively connected, the tong head mandrel can rotate relative to the mandrel connecting piece and the handle mandrel along with the tubular tong head under the action of external force, namely, the force at different angles can be transmitted through the structural design of the mandrel connecting piece, namely, the tong head mandrel can be bent relative to the mandrel connecting piece and the handle mandrel.

The locking mechanism of the invention can lock and unlock the ball joint under the condition of continuous pulling of the pull handle backwards, and the mode switching is simpler during operation.

The medical instrument disinfection device is reasonable in structural design, detachable and convenient to disinfect, and can meet disinfection requirements of medical instruments. The invention further provides a structure for preventing the ball joint from rotating and reciprocating along the circumferential direction of the limit groove by matching the pin and the limit groove, wherein the limit groove is used for preventing the ball joint from reciprocating and sliding relative to the pin, and the limit groove can also be used as a reference object, so that the pin can slide in the limit groove in a reciprocating manner;

the ball joint is also rotationally reciprocable relative to the central axis of the pin or the maximum diameter of the cavity. The pin is used for limiting the rotary reciprocating motion of the ball joint along the central axis of the second-level ball joint fixing piece, and can limit the autorotation of the ball joint in the use process of a doctor.

The invention comprises two actions of locking and unlocking, rather than a single mode of manual unlocking, can meet the use requirement of doctors, and is suitable for popularization.

The invention changes the straight-bar type surgical forceps in the prior art into the surgical forceps capable of performing universal motion through the structural improvement, and the invention can solve the operation problem of some drilling cutting angles in the operation by mutually matching the steering mechanism and the locking mechanism, and is convenient for switching the modes back and forth.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a gimbaled minimally invasive surgical clamp with a locking mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with a locking mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the structure of fig. 2.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the handle housing and handle closure assembly in combination.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first-stage ball joint fixing member, the ball joint forceps head and the second-stage ball joint fixing member.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mating of the blocking member, the primary tooth member, and the secondary tooth member.

FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of a handle closure.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the hand-pulling member.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the hand pulling member and the primary tooth member.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure in the other direction of fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the primary tooth member.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the structure in the other direction of fig. 12.

Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a two-stage ball joint fixation element.

Fig. 15 is another structural diagram of fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 14.

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of the secondary tooth member.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the structure in the other direction of fig. 17.

Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the ball joint and secondary ball joint fixation element.

Fig. 20 is another structural view of the ball joint and the two-stage ball joint fixing piece.

FIG. 21 is a schematic view showing the connection and engagement of the mandrel of the pliers head, the mandrel coupler and the mandrel of the handle.

Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of a ball joint jawarm.

Fig. 23 is a schematic view of the structure of the mandrel coupler.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a mandrel coupler.

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of the structure of the semi-cylinder and the semi-ring.

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of the semi-cylindrical body and the semi-ring body in another direction.

In the figure, 1-a first-stage ball joint fixing piece, 2-a ball joint tong head, 201-a tubular tong head, 202-a ball joint, 2021-a limiting groove, 2022-a ball joint cavity, 3-a hand-pulling piece, 301-a tubular cavity, 302-a limiting strip of the hand-pulling piece, 3021-a jaw, 303-a handle, 304-a cover ring, 305-a sandwich layer, 4-a handle opening piece, 401-a handle opening piece groove, 5-a tong head mandrel, 6-a mandrel connecting piece, 601-a spherical groove, 6011-a hemispherical groove, 602-a cylinder, 6021-a semi-cylinder, 603-an annular limiting piece, 604-a fixing ring, 6041-a semi-ring body, 605-a pin fixing hole, 7-a blocking piece, 701-a clamping tongue, 702-a blocking ring and 703-a blocking part, 704-limit plug, 8-primary tooth element, 801-tooth-shaped limit groove, 802-primary tooth-shaped ring, 9-secondary ball joint fixing element, 901-connection primary tube, 9011-ball joint abdication cavity, 9012-limit step, 9013-ball joint limit hole, 9014-pin, 902-connection secondary tube, 9021-limit groove, 9022-limit tooth-shaped ring, 903-limit tube, 904-abdication groove, 10-secondary tooth element, 1002-step, 1003-tooth-shaped column, 1004-opening groove, 11-handle core rod, 12-handle shell, 1201-limit cavity, 1202-limit collar, 1203-limit baffle, 1204-core rod limit hole, 1205-limit step, 13-primary spring, 14-secondary spring, 15-ball end.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.

Example 1

The invention relates to universal minimally invasive surgery forceps with a locking mechanism, which comprise a handle shell 12, a surgery forceps head, a handle opening and closing part 4 hinged with the handle shell 12, a handle core rod 11 matched with the handle opening and closing part 4, a steering mechanism and a locking mechanism;

a limiting cavity 1201 is arranged at one end of the handle shell 12, a limiting table 1205 is arranged on the outer wall of the limiting cavity 1201, an opening is arranged on one side of the limiting cavity 1201, a limiting collar 1202 extends inwards from the opening, a limiting baffle 1203 is arranged on the other side of the limiting cavity, a mandrel limiting hole 1204 is arranged on the limiting baffle 1203, and the handle mandrel 11 passes through the mandrel limiting hole 1204 on the limiting baffle 1203 and is matched with the handle opening and closing piece 4;

the steering mechanism is matched with the surgical binding clip and comprises a first-stage ball joint fixing piece 1, a ball joint binding clip 2, a second-stage ball joint fixing piece 9 and a binding clip core rod 5 which is arranged in the ball joint binding clip 2 in a penetrating way;

the primary ball joint fixing part 1 is of a cover body structure, an opening is formed in the primary ball joint fixing part 1 corresponding to the ball joint binding clip 2, the aperture of the opening is larger than the outer diameter of the tubular binding clip 201, and the aperture of the opening is smaller than the diameter of a ball body of the ball joint 202;

the ball joint binding clip 2 comprises a tubular binding clip 201 and a ball joint 202 fixedly arranged at the end part of the tubular binding clip 201; the ball joint 202 is provided with a ball joint cavity which is communicated with the tubular forceps head 201, a core rod connecting piece 6 is arranged in the ball joint cavity (2022), two end parts of the core rod connecting piece 6 are provided with spherical grooves 601, one end parts of the forceps head core rod 5 and the handle core rod 11 are both spherical end parts 15, the spherical end parts 15 are limited in the spherical grooves 601, and the other end of the forceps head core rod 5 penetrates through the tubular forceps head 201 to be connected with the surgical forceps head;

under the action of external force, the spherical end part 15 can rotate relative to the spherical groove 601; namely, one end of the tong head core rod 5 and one end of the handle core rod 11 are respectively in rotary connection with the core rod connecting piece 6, and the rotation is universal rotation;

the secondary ball joint fixing part 9 is a tubular structure, and the tubular structure comprises a connecting first pipe 901, a connecting second pipe 902 fixedly connected with the connecting first pipe 901, and a limiting pipe 903 fixedly connected with the connecting second pipe 902; the outer diameters of the first connecting pipe 901, the second connecting pipe 902 and the limiting pipe 903 are sequentially decreased progressively; the inner diameters of the connecting second pipe 902 and the limiting pipe 903 are equal, and a ball joint abdicating cavity 9011 is arranged on the inner side of the connecting first pipe 901; a limiting step 9012 is arranged at the joint of the first connecting pipe 901 and the second connecting pipe 902; a limiting groove 9021 is formed in the end, connected with the limiting pipe 903, of the connecting second pipe 902; the inner side of the pipe wall of the connecting second pipe 902 is provided with a limiting tooth-shaped ring 9022, the pipe wall of the connecting second pipe 902 and the limiting pipe 903 is provided with a plurality of abdicating grooves 904, and the abdicating grooves 904 penetrate through the limiting tooth-shaped ring 9022;

the primary spherical joint fixing piece 1 is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe 901; the tubular tong head 201 penetrates through the opening, the ball joint 202 is arranged in the ball joint abdicating cavity 9011, and the ball joint tong head 2 is matched with a connecting pipe 901 through a first-stage ball joint fixing piece 1 to form limiting;

the limiting clamp ring 1202 is clamped in the limiting groove 9021, one end of the secondary ball joint fixing piece 9 is limited with the handle shell 12 through the matching of the limiting clamp ring 1202 and the limiting groove 9021, and the end part of the limiting pipe 903 is abutted to the limiting baffle 1203;

the locking mechanism comprises a hand-pulling piece 3, a secondary tooth-shaped piece 10, a primary spring 13, a secondary spring 14, a blocking piece 7 arranged in the inner cavity of the secondary ball joint fixing piece 9 and a primary tooth-shaped piece 8 arranged in the inner cavity of the secondary ball joint fixing piece 9;

the hand pulling piece 3 comprises a tubular cavity 301, an interlayer 305 is arranged in the tubular cavity 301, the length of the inner wall of the interlayer 305 is smaller than that of the outer wall of the interlayer 305, and a plurality of hand pulling piece limiting strips 302 are arranged on the inner wall of the interlayer 305; a claw 3021 extends from the end part of the hand-pull limiting strip 302; the end part of the hand-pulling piece 3 is matched with the limiting table 1205 to form limiting;

the blocking piece 7 is of a tubular structure, one end of the blocking piece 7 is provided with a blocking part 703, the side wall of the other end of the blocking piece 7 is provided with a clamping tongue 701, the blocking piece 7 is provided with a yielding channel corresponding to the handle core rod 11, the end part of the clamping tongue 701 is provided with a clamping tongue bulge, and the end part of the blocking part 703 is matched with the end part of the ball joint 202;

the primary tooth-shaped member 8 is of an annular structure, one end of the primary tooth-shaped member 8 is provided with a plurality of tooth-shaped limiting grooves 801, and the other end of the primary tooth-shaped member is provided with a primary tooth-shaped ring 802; the primary tooth-shaped element 8 is sleeved on the blocking element 7, the hand-pulling element 3 is sleeved on the secondary ball joint fixing element 9, and the hand-pulling element limiting strip 302 penetrates through the abdication groove 904 to be in detachable fixed connection with the tooth-shaped limiting groove 801; the claw 3021 is matched with the tooth-shaped limiting groove 801, and the primary tooth-shaped part 8 and the hand-pulling part 3 are detachably and fixedly connected with the claw 3021 through the tooth-shaped limiting groove 801;

a secondary spring accommodating cavity is formed among the inner wall of the tubular cavity 301, the interlayer 305, the outer side wall of the secondary ball joint fixing piece 9 and the limiting collar 1202, and the secondary spring 14 is arranged in the secondary spring accommodating cavity;

the secondary tooth-shaped part 10 is of a tubular structure, one end of the secondary tooth-shaped part 10 is provided with a secondary tooth-shaped ring 1001, and the other end of the secondary tooth-shaped part is provided with a step 1002; the primary tooth-shaped ring 802 is matched with the secondary tooth-shaped ring 1001; a plurality of tooth-shaped columns 1003 and a plurality of opening grooves 1004 are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the secondary tooth-shaped member 10, the latch 701 is matched with the opening grooves 1004, and the blocking member 7 and the secondary tooth-shaped member 10 are in detachable fixed connection through the matching of the latch 701 and the opening grooves 1004;

the tooth-shaped column 1003 is respectively matched with the limit tooth-shaped ring 9022 and the abdication groove 904,

a primary spring accommodating cavity is formed among the step 1002, the inner wall of the limiting pipe 903 and the limiting baffle 1203, the primary spring 13 is arranged in the primary spring accommodating cavity, and the length of the primary spring 13 in the primary spring accommodating cavity is smaller than the free length of the primary spring 13.

Under the action of external force, the ball joint tong head 2 rotates relative to the open hole, and the secondary ball joint fixing part 9 and the handle shell 12 can rotate relative to each other under the action of external force;

the universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism comprises a straight rod working mode and a universal working mode;

when the secondary tooth-shaped member 10 is clamped in the abdicating groove 904 of the secondary ball joint fixing member 9, the front end surface of the blocking member 7 abuts against the rear end surface of the ball joint binding clip 2, the ball joint binding clip 2 is locked, and a straight rod mode is presented;

when the secondary tooth-shaped element 10 is clamped in the limiting tooth-shaped ring 9022 of the secondary ball joint fixing element 9, the front end face of the blocking element 7 is far away from the ball joint rear end face of the ball joint tong head 2, the ball joint tong head 2 is released, and a universal mode is presented;

the mutual switching between the straight rod working mode and the universal working mode is realized through the following movements:

under the action of external force, the hand-pulling piece 3 moves on the second-stage spherical joint fixing piece 9 in the direction of the handle shell 12, and the hand-pulling piece limiting strip 302 drives the first-stage tooth-shaped piece 8 to move synchronously along the abdicating groove 904; the hand-pulling piece 3 and the second-stage spherical joint fixing piece 9 can integrally and synchronously rotate and cannot perform relative rotation movement;

in the movement process, the primary toothed ring 802 of the primary toothed element 8 touches the secondary toothed ring 1001 of the secondary toothed element 10, the primary toothed ring 802 and the secondary toothed ring 1001 form limit, the primary toothed element 8 drives the secondary toothed element 10 to move towards the handle shell 12, and the blocking element 7 also moves along with the secondary toothed element 10;

the primary spring 13 is further compressed by the upper bottom surface of the step 1002 in the primary spring accommodating chamber to form an increased restoring force; the secondary spring 14 is compressed by the bottom surface of the interlayer 305 in the secondary spring accommodating cavity to form restoring force; the tooth-shaped column 1003 of the secondary tooth-shaped member 10 is clamped on the limiting tooth-shaped ring 9022 or the abdicating groove 904 on the inner side of the secondary spherical joint fixing member 9;

when the external force is released, the restoring force of the secondary spring and the partial restoring force of the primary spring 13 give a force of returning the hand-pulling piece 3 to the initial position, and the conversion of the working mode is completed.

The primary spring 13 disposed in the primary spring accommodating chamber of the present invention is always in a compressed state, and applies a force to the step 1002 in a direction toward the primary tooth-shaped member 8.

Example 2

The rest of the ball joint abdicating cavity 9011 is consistent with the scheme of the embodiment 1, a pin 9014 is fixedly arranged in the ball joint abdicating cavity 9011, and a limiting groove 2021 matched with the pin 9014 is formed in the circumferential direction of the ball joint 202; the ball joint abdicating cavity 9011 is provided with a ball joint limiting hole 9013 on the cavity wall corresponding to the maximum diameter of the cavity; one end of the pin 9014 is fixed to the ball joint limiting hole 9013, and the other end of the pin is arranged in the limiting groove 2021.

When the ball joint tong head is not blocked by the blocking part, under the action of external force, the ball joint 202 can rotate and reciprocate along the circumferential direction of the limit groove 2021, and at the moment, the limit groove 2021 slides in a reciprocating manner relative to the pin 9014; the ball joint 202 may also rotationally reciprocate relative to the central axis of the pin 9014 or the maximum diameter of the cavity. The pin functions to restrict the rotational reciprocation of the ball joint 202 along the central axis of the secondary ball joint fixture 9.

As shown in fig. 20, the ball joint 202 can move around the center of the sphere up, down, left and right in the drawing, but cannot move clockwise and counterclockwise in the drawing, i.e., the pin 9014 restricts the ball joint 202 to move clockwise and counterclockwise in the drawing.

Example 3

The rest is consistent with the scheme of the embodiment 2, the pin 9014 is tangent to the limit groove 2021, or the pin 9014 is clamped in the limit groove 2021;

according to the invention, through the assembly matching of the first-level ball joint fixing piece 1, the ball joint 202 and the connecting pipe 901, the pin 9014 is limited in the limiting groove 2021.

Example 4

Otherwise, in accordance with the solution according to embodiment 2 or 3, at least two pins 9014 or stop recesses 2021 are provided.

Example 5

The rest of the technical scheme is consistent with any scheme of the embodiment 1-4, the hand-pulling piece 3 further comprises a handle 303 fixed on the outer side surface of the tubular cavity 301, and the handle 303 is composed of a plurality of bulges extending outwards from the tubular cavity 301; at least one pull handle 303 is provided.

Example 6

The rest is consistent with any scheme of the embodiment 1-5, and the hand-pulling piece limiting strip 302 is formed by extending a tubular cavity 301 inwards; the hand-pulling piece limit strip 302 is provided with at least one.

Example 7

The rest is consistent with any scheme of the embodiment 1-6, the tubular cavity 301 extends outwards to form a cover ring 304, and the cover ring 304 is sleeved outside the first-stage ball joint fixing piece 1; for enhanced protection.

Example 8

Otherwise, consistent with any of the embodiments 1-7, the tube wall at one end of the blocking member 7 is cut to form a tongue-locking tongue; the latch can further stabilize the connection state.

Example 9

The rest is the same as any scheme of the embodiments 1 to 8, and at least one of the hand-pulling piece limiting strip 302, the tooth-shaped limiting groove 801 or the hand-pulling piece abdicating groove 903 is arranged.

Example 10

The rest of the method is consistent with any scheme of the embodiments 1-9, and for further stable connection, the hand-pulling part limiting strip and the primary tooth-shaped part are both made of magnetic materials;

example 11

Otherwise, the method is the same as any of the embodiments 1 to 10, the end of the blocking portion 703 is provided with a yielding opening, the yielding opening is provided with a limiting plug 704, and the blocking portion 703 and the limiting plug 704 are provided with yielding channels corresponding to the handle core rod 11.

Example 12

Otherwise, the distance a between the limiting table and the opening, the difference b between the length of the outer wall of the interlayer 305 and the length of the inner wall of the interlayer 305 are subtracted, and the smaller value of the distance a and the difference b is the sliding distance of the hand-pulling piece in the second-stage ball joint fixing piece.

Example 13

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-12, at least one of the primary spring 13 or the secondary spring 14 is provided;

example 14

The rest of the devices are consistent with any scheme of the embodiments 1-13, and as a further improvement of the invention, a handle opening-closing part groove 401 is arranged on the handle opening-closing part 4, one end part of a handle core rod 11 is arranged in the handle opening-closing part groove 401, the handle opening-closing part 4 moves around a hinge point on a handle shell 12 under the action of external force, and the handle core rod 11 is driven to move back and forth, so that a core rod connecting piece 6 and a forceps head core rod 5 are driven to move back and forth, and the opening and closing of the forceps head of the operation are controlled.

Example 15

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-14, the cross-section of the handle opening piece groove 401 is a circle including an abduction notch.

Example 16

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-15, a secondary circular recess is provided downwardly from the bottom surface of the handle opening and closing member recess 401.

Example 17

The rest of the technical scheme is consistent with any scheme of the embodiment 1-16, the hand-pulling piece can axially move back and forth on the second-level spherical joint fixing piece and cannot relatively rotate through the matching of the clamping groove on the hand-pulling piece and the abdicating groove on the second-level spherical joint fixing piece, so that the hand-pulling piece can be driven to rotate with the internal parts when rotated, the first-level toothed piece can be driven to move towards the handle shell together when the hand-pulling piece is driven by external force, the first-level toothed piece collides with the second-level toothed piece in the movement, the second-level toothed piece is driven to move towards the handle shell together, and the conversion of two working modes is completed; the first-stage spring is used for pushing the second-stage tooth-shaped part to move forwards, and the blocking part is used for propping against the tail part of the ball joint to enable the ball joint not to move or enabling the second-stage tooth-shaped part to be clamped on the second-stage ball joint fixing part; the secondary spring is positioned on the front end surface of the handle shell and used for resetting the hand-pulling piece;

example 18

Otherwise, in accordance with any of the embodiments 1-17, the retaining ring is fitted to the end of the ball joint cavity.

Example 19

Otherwise, the outside of the blocking portion 703 is provided with a blocking ring 702, and the outside diameter of the blocking ring 702 is not larger than the inside diameter of the connecting pipe 902 and not smaller than the inside diameter of the limit tooth-shaped ring 9022, which is the same as any of the embodiments 1 to 18.

Example 20

Otherwise, in accordance with any of embodiments 1 to 19, the mandrel connecting member 6 includes a cylindrical body 602, the cylindrical body 602 is composed of two half-cylindrical bodies 6021, the two half-cylindrical bodies 6021 are fixedly connected to each other, and both end portions of the inner side of the half-cylindrical body 6021 are respectively provided with a hemispherical groove 6011.

During assembly, the spherical end portions 15 of the jaw core rod 5 and the handle core rod 11 are respectively placed in the hemispherical grooves 6011 of the core rod connecting piece 6, then the half cylinders 6021 are folded, the two half cylinders 6021 are fixedly connected, the hemispherical grooves 6011 are combined to form the spherical groove 601, so that the spherical end portions 15 are limited in the spherical grooves 601, namely, one end portion of the jaw core rod 5 and one end portion of the handle core rod 11 are respectively limited in one spherical groove 601, and under the action of external force, the spherical end portions 15 can rotate relative to the spherical grooves 601, namely, the jaw core rod 5 or the handle core rod 11 can rotate universally relative to the spherical grooves 601.

According to the invention, the mandrel connecting piece 6 is arranged, the spherical grooves 601 are arranged at the two end parts of the mandrel connecting piece, the jaw mandrel 5 and the handle mandrel 11 are respectively connected, the jaw mandrel 5 can rotate relative to the mandrel connecting piece 6 and the handle mandrel 11 along with the tubular jaw 201 under the action of external force, namely, the forces at different angles can be transmitted through the structural design of the mandrel connecting piece 6, namely, the jaw mandrel 5 can be bent relative to the mandrel connecting piece 6 and the handle mandrel 11.

Example 21

Otherwise, the scheme is the same as the scheme of the embodiment 20, the two half cylinders 6021 are fixedly connected by welding, or the half cylinders 6021 are provided with pin fixing holes 605, and the two half cylinders 6021 are fixedly connected by matching of connecting pins and the pin fixing holes 605.

Example 22

Otherwise, in accordance with the solution of embodiment 20 or 21, the mandrel coupler 6 further includes two ring-shaped stoppers 603 fixedly connected to the cylinder 602; the ring-shaped position-limiting member 603 is sleeved and fixed on the end of the cylinder 602. The connection between the two half-cylinders 6021 may be further stabilized.

Example 23

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 20-22, a retaining ring 604 is disposed in the middle of the cylindrical body 602; the fixing ring 604 is composed of two half-ring bodies 6041, the half-ring body 6041 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the half-cylinder 6021, and the two half-ring bodies 6041 are fixedly connected.

Example 24

The rest of the technical proposal is consistent with that of the embodiment 23, the two semi-cylinders 6021 or the two semi-ring bodies 6041 are fixedly connected by welding, or the semi-cylinders 6021 and the semi-ring bodies 6041 are provided with through pin fixing holes 605, and the pin fixing holes 605 are matched with the connecting pins; the two half cylinders 6021 or the two half ring bodies 6041 are fixedly connected through the matching of the connecting pins and the pin fixing holes 605.

Example 25

Otherwise in accordance with any of embodiments 1 to 19, the mandrel coupler 6 comprises a cylindrical body 602 and two annular stoppers 603 fixedly coupled to the cylindrical body 602; the annular limiting member 603 is sleeved on an end of the cylinder 602; a fixing ring 604 is arranged in the middle of the cylinder 602, and an annular limiting member 603 is attached to the fixing ring 604; the cylinder 602 is composed of two half cylinders 6021, the fixing ring 604 is composed of two half ring bodies 6041, and the half ring bodies 6041 are fixedly arranged in the middle of the half cylinders 6021; the semi-cylinder 6021 and the semi-ring 6041 are provided with a through pin fixing hole 605, and the pin fixing hole 605 is matched with the connecting pin; the two ends of the inner side of the semi-cylinder 6021 are respectively provided with a hemispherical groove 6011, and the two semi-cylinders 6021 or the two semi-ring bodies 6041 are fixedly connected with each other through the matching of a connecting pin and the pin fixing hole 605.

Example 26

Otherwise, in accordance with the embodiment of embodiment 25, the ring-shaped stopper 603 is fixedly connected to the end of the cylindrical body 602 and the fixing ring 604 by welding, and the half-cylinder 6021 and the half-ring body 6041 are fixedly connected by integral molding or welding.

Example 27

In embodiments 25 and 26, during assembly, the forceps head core rod 5 and the handle core rod 11 are placed in the hemispherical groove 6011, the semi-cylindrical body 6021 is then folded, the connecting pin is disposed through the pin fixing hole 605 to form a first layer of limiting and fixing, the semi-cylindrical body 6021 is folded into the cylindrical body 602, the annular limiting member 603 is then sleeved on the end portion of the cylindrical body 602 and is attached to the fixing ring 604, and the annular limiting member 603, the end portion of the cylindrical body 602 and the fixing ring 604 are fixedly connected by welding.

The assembly of the mandrel connecting piece 6 is completed, and one end parts of the tong head mandrel 5 and the handle mandrel 11 are limited, the invention is provided with the mandrel connecting piece 6, the two end parts of the mandrel connecting piece are provided with spherical grooves 601, the tong head mandrel 5 and the handle mandrel 11 are respectively connected, under the action of external force, the tong head mandrel 5 can rotate relative to the mandrel connecting piece 6 and the handle mandrel 11 along with the tubular tong head 201, namely, the force of different angles can be transmitted through the structural design of the mandrel connecting piece 6, namely, the tong head mandrel 5 can be bent relative to the mandrel connecting piece 6 and the handle mandrel 11.

Example 28

The rest is consistent with any scheme of the embodiments 1 to 27, and the limit tooth-shaped ring 9022 comprises complete limit teeth and residual missing teeth formed by penetrating the abdicating groove 904; primary cog ring 802 has the number of teeth: number of teeth of complete limit teeth of limit tooth ring 9022: the number of yielding slots 904 =2:1: 1; number of teeth of primary tooth ring 802: number of tooth pillars 1003: the number of teeth of the secondary tooth ring 1001 =2:1: 1.

The teeth of the first-stage toothed ring 802 are matched with the teeth of the second-stage toothed ring 1001, so that the second-stage toothed member 10 rotates, when the second-stage toothed member 10 rotates, if the toothed column 1003 is limited by the complete limiting teeth of the limiting toothed ring 9022 on the second-stage spherical joint fixing member 9, the toothed column 1003 falls into the abdicating groove 904 for limiting in the next rotation.

Example 29

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-28, the number of teeth of the primary toothed ring 802 is at least four.

Example 30

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-29, the teeth of the primary toothed ring 802 are of equal height to the teeth of the secondary toothed ring 1001.

Example 31

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-30, the angle of the point of the retaining tooth ring 9022 is not greater than 60 °.

Example 32

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-31, the angle of the tips of the toothed columns 1003 is no greater than 40 °.

Example 33

Otherwise consistent with any of embodiments 1-32, the angle of the tips of the primary toothed ring 802 is no greater than 120 °.

The above examples only show several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (19)

1. The utility model provides a take locking mechanism's universal minimal access surgery pincers, includes handle casing (12), operation binding clip, opens and shuts piece (4) with handle casing (12) articulated handle, with handle plug (11) of handle opening and shutting piece (4) looks adaptation, its characterized in that: the steering mechanism and the locking mechanism are also included;

a limiting cavity (1201) is arranged at one end of a handle shell (12), a limiting table (1205) is arranged on the outer wall of the limiting cavity (1201), an opening is formed in one side of the limiting cavity (1201), a limiting clamping ring (1202) extends inwards from the opening, a limiting baffle (1203) is arranged on the other side of the limiting cavity (1201), a mandrel limiting hole (1204) is formed in the limiting baffle (1203), and a handle mandrel (11) penetrates through the mandrel limiting hole (1204) in the limiting baffle (1203) to be matched with the handle opening and closing piece (4);

the steering mechanism is matched with the surgical binding clip and comprises a primary spherical joint fixing piece (1), a spherical joint binding clip (2), a secondary spherical joint fixing piece (9) and a binding clip core rod (5) which is arranged in the spherical joint binding clip (2) in a penetrating manner;

the primary ball joint fixing part (1) is of a cover body structure, an opening is formed in the primary ball joint fixing part (1) corresponding to the ball joint tong head (2), the aperture of the opening is larger than the outer diameter of the tubular tong head (201), and the aperture of the opening is smaller than the diameter of a ball body of the ball joint (202);

the ball joint clamp head (2) comprises a tubular clamp head (201) and a ball joint (202) fixedly arranged at the end part of the tubular clamp head (201); the spherical joint (202) is provided with a spherical joint cavity (2022) which is communicated with the tubular forceps head (201) in a penetrating manner, a core rod connecting piece (6) is arranged in the spherical joint cavity (2022), two end parts of the core rod connecting piece (6) are provided with spherical grooves (601), one end parts of the forceps head core rod (5) and the handle core rod (11) are spherical end parts (15), the spherical end parts (15) are limited in the spherical grooves (601), and the other end of the forceps head core rod (5) penetrates through the tubular forceps head (201) to be connected with the surgical forceps head;

the secondary spherical joint fixing piece (9) is of a tubular structure, and the tubular structure comprises a connecting first pipe (901), a connecting second pipe (902) fixedly connected with the connecting first pipe (901), and a limiting pipe (903) fixedly connected with the connecting second pipe (902); the outer diameters of the first connecting pipe (901), the second connecting pipe (902) and the limiting pipe (903) are sequentially decreased progressively; the inner diameters of the second connecting pipe (902) and the limiting pipe (903) are equal, and a ball joint abdicating cavity (9011) is formed in the inner side of the first connecting pipe (901); a limiting step (9012) is arranged at the joint of the first connecting pipe (901) and the second connecting pipe (902); a limiting groove (9021) is formed in the end part, connected with the limiting pipe (903), of the second connecting pipe (902); the inner side of the pipe wall of the connecting second pipe (902) is provided with a limiting tooth-shaped ring (9022), the pipe walls of the connecting second pipe (902) and the limiting pipe (903) are provided with a plurality of abdicating grooves (904), and the abdicating grooves (904) penetrate through the limiting tooth-shaped ring (9022);

the primary spherical joint fixing piece (1) is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe (901); the tubular tong head (201) penetrates through the opening, the ball joint (202) is arranged in the ball joint abdicating cavity (9011), and the ball joint tong head (2) is matched with a connecting pipe (901) through a first-stage ball joint fixing piece (1) to form limiting;

the limiting clamp ring (1202) is clamped in the limiting groove (9021), one end of the secondary ball joint fixing piece (9) is limited with the handle shell (12) through the matching of the limiting clamp ring (1202) and the limiting groove (9021), and the end part of the limiting pipe (903) is abutted to the limiting baffle (1203);

the locking mechanism comprises a hand-pulling piece (3), a secondary tooth-shaped piece (10), a primary spring (13), a secondary spring (14), a blocking piece (7) arranged in the inner cavity of the secondary ball joint fixing piece (9) and a primary tooth-shaped piece (8) arranged in the inner cavity of the secondary ball joint fixing piece (9);

the hand-pulling piece (3) comprises a tubular cavity (301), an interlayer (305) is arranged in the tubular cavity (301), and the length of the inner wall of the interlayer (305) is smaller than that of the outer wall of the interlayer (305); a plurality of hand-pulling piece limiting strips (302) are arranged on the inner wall of the interlayer (305); a claw (3021) extends from the end part of the hand-pull limiting strip (302); the end part of the hand-pulling piece (3) is matched with the limiting table (1205);

the blocking piece (7) is of a tubular structure, one end of the blocking piece (7) is provided with a blocking part (703), the side wall of the other end of the blocking piece is provided with a clamping tongue (701), the blocking piece (7) is provided with a yielding channel corresponding to the handle core rod (11), and the end part of the clamping tongue (701) is provided with a clamping tongue bulge;

the end part of the blocking part (703) is matched with the end part of the ball joint (202);

the primary tooth-shaped part (8) is of an annular structure, one end of the primary tooth-shaped part (8) is provided with a plurality of tooth-shaped limiting grooves (801), and the other end of the primary tooth-shaped part is provided with a primary tooth-shaped ring (802); the primary tooth-shaped element (8) is sleeved on the blocking element (7), the hand-pulling element (3) is sleeved on the secondary ball joint fixing element (9), and the hand-pulling element limiting strip (302) penetrates through the abdicating groove (904) to be in detachable fixed connection with the tooth-shaped limiting groove (801); the claw (3021) is matched with the tooth-shaped limiting groove (801), and the primary tooth-shaped part (8) and the hand-pulling part (3) are detachably and fixedly connected with the claw (3021) through the tooth-shaped limiting groove (801);

a secondary spring accommodating cavity is formed among the inner wall of the tubular cavity (301), the interlayer (305), the outer side wall of the secondary ball joint fixing piece (9) and the limiting clamp ring (1202), and the secondary spring (14) is arranged in the secondary spring accommodating cavity;

the secondary tooth-shaped part (10) is of a tubular structure, one end of the secondary tooth-shaped part (10) is provided with a secondary tooth-shaped ring (1001), and the other end of the secondary tooth-shaped part is provided with a step (1002); the primary toothed ring (802) is matched with the secondary toothed ring (1001); a plurality of tooth-shaped columns (1003) and a hole opening groove (1004) are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the secondary tooth-shaped part (10), the clamping tongue (701) is matched with the hole opening groove (1004), and the blocking part (7) and the secondary tooth-shaped part (10) are matched with the hole opening groove (1004) through the clamping tongue (701) to form detachable fixed connection;

the tooth-shaped column (1003) is respectively matched with the limit tooth-shaped ring (9022) and the abdication groove (904),

a first-stage spring accommodating cavity is formed between the inner walls of the step (1002) and the limiting pipe (903) and the limiting baffle (1203), the first-stage spring (13) is arranged in the first-stage spring accommodating cavity, and the length of the first-stage spring (13) in the first-stage spring accommodating cavity is smaller than the free length of the first-stage spring (13).

2. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: a pin (9014) is fixedly arranged in the ball joint abdicating cavity (9011), and a limiting groove (2021) matched with the pin (9014) is formed in the circumferential direction of the ball joint (202); the ball joint abdicating cavity (9011) is provided with a ball joint limiting hole (9013) on the cavity wall corresponding to the maximum diameter of the cavity; one end of the pin (9014) is fixed on the ball joint limiting hole (9013), and the other end of the pin is arranged in the limiting groove (2021).

3. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the primary spherical joint fixing piece (1) and the connecting pipe (901) form detachable fixed connection through a connecting glue layer, clamping strip connection, mortise and tenon connection or threaded connection.

4. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: the inner side surface of the cover body structure of the primary spherical joint fixing piece (1) is provided with threads, the outer side surface of the connecting pipe (901) is provided with threads, and the primary spherical joint fixing piece (1) and the connecting pipe (901) form detachable fixed connection through the threads.

5. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hand pulling piece (3) further comprises a handle (303) fixed on the outer side surface of the tubular cavity (301), and the handle (303) is formed by a plurality of bulges extending outwards from the tubular cavity (301); the number of the handles (303) is at least 3.

6. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: the hand-pulling piece limiting strip (302) is formed by extending a tubular cavity (301) inwards; at least one hand-pulling piece limiting strip (302) is arranged.

7. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tubular cavity (301) extends outwards to form a cover ring (304), and the cover ring (304) is sleeved outside the first-stage ball joint fixing piece (1).

8. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipe wall at one end of the blocking piece (7) forms a clamping tongue through cutting.

9. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hand-pulling piece limiting strip (302), the tooth-shaped limiting groove (801) or the hand-pulling piece abdicating groove (903) are provided with at least one.

10. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tip of stopping part (703) is equipped with the opening of stepping down, it is equipped with spacing stopper (704) on the opening of stepping down, stopping part (703) and spacing stopper (704) correspond handle plug (11) and are equipped with the passageway of stepping down.

11. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the primary spring (13) or the secondary spring (14) is provided with at least one.

12. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the handle opening and closing piece (4) is provided with a handle opening and closing piece groove (401), and one end part of the handle core rod (11) is arranged in the handle opening and closing piece groove (401).

13. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer side surface of the blocking part (703) is provided with a blocking ring (702), and the outer diameter of the blocking ring (702) is not more than the inner diameter of the connecting two pipes (902) and not less than the inner diameter of the limiting tooth-shaped ring (9022).

14. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with the locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mandrel connecting piece (6) comprises a cylinder (602), the cylinder (602) consists of two semi-cylinders (6021), the two semi-cylinders (6021) are fixedly connected, and two hemispherical grooves (6011) are respectively arranged at two end parts of the inner side of the semi-cylinders (6021).

15. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with a locking mechanism according to claim 14, characterized in that: the mandrel connecting piece (6) further comprises two annular limiting pieces (603) fixedly connected with the cylinder (602); the annular limiting piece (603) is sleeved and fixed at the end of the cylinder (602).

16. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with locking mechanism according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that: the middle part of the cylinder (602) is provided with a fixing ring (604); the fixing ring (604) is composed of two semi-ring bodies (6041), the semi-ring bodies (6041) are fixedly arranged in the middle of the semi-cylinder body (6021), and the two semi-ring bodies (6041) are fixedly connected.

17. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with a locking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: the limiting tooth-shaped ring (9022) comprises complete limiting teeth and residual and missing teeth formed by penetrating the abdicating groove (904); primary tooth ring (802) tooth number: the number of teeth of the complete limit teeth of the limit tooth-shaped ring (9022): the number of yielding slots (904) =2:1: 1; the number of teeth of the primary toothed ring (802): number of tooth pillars (1003): the number of teeth of the secondary toothed ring (1001) is =2:1: 1.

18. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with locking mechanism according to claim 17, characterized in that: the number of teeth of the primary toothed ring (802) is at least four.

19. The universal minimally invasive surgical forceps with locking mechanism according to claim 18, characterized in that: the angle of the tooth point of the limiting tooth-shaped ring (9022) is not more than 60 degrees, the angle of the tooth point of the tooth-shaped column (1003) is not more than 40 degrees, and the angle of the tooth point of the primary tooth-shaped ring (802) is not more than 120 degrees.

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