CN114764147A - Mapping amplitude-preserving method, device and equipment - Google Patents

Mapping amplitude-preserving method, device and equipment Download PDF

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CN114764147A
CN114764147A CN202110047563.6A CN202110047563A CN114764147A CN 114764147 A CN114764147 A CN 114764147A CN 202110047563 A CN202110047563 A CN 202110047563A CN 114764147 A CN114764147 A CN 114764147A
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seismic signal
amplitude
seismic
signal
mapping
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曹思远
陈思远
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures

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Abstract

The embodiment of the specification provides a mapping amplitude-preserving method, a mapping amplitude-preserving device and mapping amplitude-preserving equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal; acquiring a second seismic signal; the second seismic signal is the seismic signal which is obtained by performing high-resolution processing on the original seismic signal; performing time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band; establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency range on the amplitude; and carrying out amplitude preservation processing on the full-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude preservation processing. In the embodiment of the present specification, the relative amplitude of the seismic signal after the high-resolution processing can be accurately recovered by using the mapping relationship of the seismic signal before and after the high-resolution processing in the effective frequency band.

Description

Mapping amplitude-preserving method, device and equipment
Technical Field
The embodiment of the specification relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a mapping amplitude-preserving method, device and equipment.
Background
In practical seismic exploration, factors influencing seismic wave amplitude are many, including aspects of excitation, receiving, absorption, processing and the like, one of the aspects has problems, and a high-fidelity seismic imaging result is difficult to obtain. For these aspects, the related amplitude processing methods are classified into a true amplitude restoration technique and a relative amplitude processing technique. The relative amplitude processing technology is used for eliminating amplitude information irrelevant to geological information in the seismic data processing process and keeping the relative variation trend of the amplitude in time and space so as to reflect the relative variation relation of energy transmitted by seismic waves in a stratum.
In the prior art, a relative amplitude processing technology generally includes amplitude-preserving a broadband signal energy obtained by performing high-resolution processing on seismic data to a narrow-band signal energy before processing in a time domain, so that the amplitude-preserving processing mode in the time domain destroys the true amplitude of the seismic data to a certain extent, and damages amplitude information and phase information including the original frequency band. Therefore, the technical scheme in the prior art cannot accurately recover the full-band amplitude information of the seismic data subjected to high-resolution processing, so that a good foundation is provided for quantitative analysis of reservoir lithology and explanation of geological phenomena.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the specification provides a mapping amplitude-preserving method, a mapping amplitude-preserving device and mapping amplitude-preserving equipment, and aims to solve the problem that full-band amplitude information of seismic data subjected to high-resolution processing cannot be accurately recovered in the prior art, so that a good basis is provided for quantitative analysis of reservoir lithology and interpretation of geological phenomena.
An embodiment of the present specification provides a mapping amplitude-preserving method, including: acquiring a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal; acquiring a second seismic signal; the second seismic signal is a seismic signal obtained by performing high-resolution processing on the original seismic signal; performing time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band; establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency range on the amplitude; and carrying out amplitude preservation processing on the full-frequency-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude preservation processing.
An embodiment of the present specification further provides a mapping amplitude-preserving device, including: the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal; the second acquisition module is used for acquiring a second seismic signal; wherein the second seismic signal is a processed seismic signal; the time-frequency analysis module is used for performing time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band; the establishing module is used for establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the amplitude within the effective frequency range; and the amplitude-preserving processing module is used for carrying out amplitude-preserving processing on the full-frequency-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude-preserving processing.
The embodiment of the specification further provides a mapping amplitude-preserving device which comprises a processor and a memory for storing processor executable instructions, wherein the processor executes the instructions to realize the steps of the mapping amplitude-preserving method.
The present specification also provides a computer readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and when executed, the instructions implement the steps of the mapping amplitude-preserving method.
The embodiment of the specification provides a mapping amplitude-preserving method, which can obtain an effective frequency band of an original seismic signal by acquiring the original seismic signal and the seismic signal after the original seismic signal is subjected to high-resolution processing and performing on the original seismic signal. Furthermore, a mapping relation on the amplitude can be established by utilizing good amplitude preservation performance between the seismic signals before and after the high-resolution processing in the effective frequency range, and the mapping relation is applied to the full-frequency-band seismic signals of the seismic signals after the high-resolution processing, so that the amplitude preservation processing of the full-frequency-band seismic signals is realized, and the seismic signals after the amplitude preservation processing are obtained. Therefore, the relative amplitude of the seismic signal subjected to high-resolution processing can be accurately recovered, high-frequency and low-frequency energy can be effectively recovered, and further more reservoir structure information can be obtained by using the seismic signal subjected to amplitude preservation processing. The mapping amplitude-preserving method is small in calculated data quantity, wide in application area, free of limitation of geological environment factors and good in universality.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a mapping and amplitude preserving method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a time-frequency decomposition in wavelet transform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a time-frequency decomposition of wavelet transform provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a time-frequency decomposition of wavelet transform provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a time-frequency decomposition in wavelet transform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a time-frequency decomposition in wavelet transform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a single shot raw data seismic section provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a single-shot raw data band-pass filtered seismic section provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a single shot seismic section after high resolution processing according to an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a single-shot seismic section after band-pass filtering of processed single-shot data provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a single-trace seismic section after amplitude preservation processing provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a single shot raw data seismic section provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 18 is a schematic representation of a single-shot raw data band-pass filtered seismic section provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a single shot seismic section after high resolution processing according to an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a single-shot seismic section after band-pass filtering of processed single-shot data provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a single-trace seismic section after amplitude preservation processing provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a mapping amplitude-preserving apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a mapping and amplitude preserving device provided in an embodiment of the present specification.
Detailed Description
The principles and spirit of the embodiments of the present specification will be described with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are presented merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and to implement the embodiments of the present description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present description in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, implementations of the embodiments of the present description may be embodied as a system, an apparatus, a method, or a computer program product. Therefore, the disclosure of the embodiments of the present specification can be embodied in the following forms: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
Although the flow described below includes operations that occur in a particular order, it should be appreciated that the processes may include more or less operations that are performed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., using parallel processors or a multi-threaded environment).
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment can provide a mapping amplitude preserving method. The mapping amplitude-preserving method can comprise the following steps.
S101: acquiring a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal.
In this embodiment, a first seismic signal may be acquired, wherein the first seismic signal may be an original seismic signal. The original seismic signal may be an original single-shot multi-channel seismic record acquired by using a seismic exploration instrument (or called a seismic (recording) instrument), but it is understood that the original seismic signal may also be a seismic signal in other forms, which may be determined specifically according to actual situations, and this description does not limit this.
In this embodiment, the manner of acquiring the first seismic signal may include: and pulling the seismic signals from a preset database, or receiving the first seismic signals input by a user. It is understood that, the first seismic signal may also be obtained in other possible manners, for example, the first seismic signal is searched in a web page according to a certain search condition, which may be determined according to actual situations, and this is not limited in this specification.
S102: acquiring a second seismic signal; and the second seismic signal is the seismic signal which is obtained by performing high-resolution processing on the original seismic signal.
In this embodiment, a second seismic signal may be obtained, where the second seismic signal may be a seismic signal obtained by performing high resolution processing on an original seismic signal. High resolution processing is key to further improve reservoir resolution, and therefore, high resolution processing may be performed on the raw seismic signals, and the high resolution processing method may include: HHT point spectrum whitening (Hilbert-Huang Transform point spectrum whitening, Hilbert-yellow Transform point spectrum whitening), seismic data prestack signal-to-noise ratio processing improvement, reflection signal main frequency improvement, effective signal frequency band widening, frequency division processing method, optimization iteration superposition method, signal direction constraint prediction denoising method and the like. Of course, the high resolution processing method is not limited to the above examples, and other modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the functions and effects achieved by the methods are the same as or similar to those of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and are also within the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
In this embodiment, the method of acquiring the second seismic signal may include: and pulling the seismic signals from a preset database, or receiving second seismic signals input by a user. It is understood that, for example, the second seismic signal may be searched in a web page according to a predetermined search condition, which may be determined according to actual situations, and this is not limited in this specification.
S103: and performing time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band.
In this embodiment, since the first seismic signal includes a plurality of frequency bands, in order to improve the effectiveness of the mapping relationship and reduce the data processing amount, the first seismic signal may be subjected to time-frequency analysis to obtain an effective frequency band. The effective frequency band may be a frequency band range having a uniform amplitude from top to bottom, i.e., a frequency band with uniform energy distribution.
In this embodiment, the time-frequency analysis includes a technology for simultaneously researching signals from time domain and frequency domain by using various time-frequency representations, and the time-frequency analysis neither observes one-dimensional signals (one scope is a real-valued or complex-valued function of a one-dimensional solid line) nor transforms (by which another scope is obtained from original signals as a function of a one-dimensional solid line), but researches two-dimensional signals (by which a scope is a function of a two-dimensional solid plane) from signals obtained by time-frequency transformation.
In this embodiment, the time-frequency analysis may include: fourier transform, short-time fourier transform, wavelet transform, empirical mode decomposition, hilbert-yellow transform, and the like. Preferably, it may be a wavelet transform, which refers to representing a signal with a finite length or rapidly decaying oscillatory waveform called a "mother wavelet," which is scaled and shifted to match the input signal. The wavelet transformation has better time resolution at high frequency and better frequency resolution at low frequency, and meets the resolution requirement of signal analysis at high and low frequencies. Of course, the form of time-frequency analysis is not limited to the above examples, and other modifications may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the technical spirit of the embodiments of the present disclosure, but all the functions and effects that are realized by the embodiments of the present disclosure should be covered by the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
S104: and establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the amplitude within the effective frequency range.
In this embodiment, since the local frequency band component of the seismic signal has a certain similarity with the characteristics of the full frequency band signal, the mapping relationship between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the amplitude can be established in the effective frequency band range.
In this embodiment, the mapping relationship may be obtained by comparing and analyzing the amplitude of the first seismic signal in the effective frequency range and the amplitude of the second seismic signal in the effective frequency range based on a mapping theory. That is, the mapping relationship can be used to represent the correspondence relationship between the local original seismic signal in the effective frequency band and the seismic signal subjected to the high resolution processing on the amplitude as a whole. The mapping relationship may be recorded in a data pair or a graph, and it is understood that the mapping relationship may also be recorded in any other possible form, which may be determined according to actual situations, and this is not limited in this embodiment of the present specification.
S105: and carrying out amplitude-preserving processing on the full-frequency-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude-preserving processing.
In this embodiment, since the high resolution processing generally modifies the seismic waveform and amplitude to meet the fidelity requirement of the processed seismic signal for reservoir exploration, the mapping relationship between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency band range in amplitude can be applied to the full-band signal of the second seismic signal, so as to implement amplitude-preserving processing of other frequency components and obtain the amplitude-preserved seismic signal.
In the present embodiment, the relative amplitude preserving processing means: after some processing or processing, the amplitude attributes of the seismic signals remain unchanged or are proportional. For the forward modeling, the theoretical reflectivity of the reflection interface in the modeling is equal to or proportional to the reflectivity of the same processed interface, that is, the incident wavelet and the emergent wavelet of the seismic data are basically consistent.
In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the original seismic signal actually acquired is X0If the true amplitude seismic signal is X, the seismic signal obtained by performing high resolution processing on the original seismic signal is Y, and if the operator of the high resolution processing is D, then: y ═ D (X)0). In practice, the spectral bandwidth of Y is approximately equal to the bandwidth of X, but the amplitudes of the processed seismic signal Y and the true amplitude signal X will have a large difference, and therefore it is necessary to amplitude Y to X.
In the present embodiment, in the seismic record, the amplitude value of the reflected wave is determined by the reflection coefficient of the interface, and is also attenuated by the influence of gain control of the seismic amplifier and by the dispersion and absorption of the wave when it propagates through the medium, so that the original seismic record may not reflect the true amplitude value. When parameters of dynamic characteristics are required, especially when oil is directly searched, the real amplitude value of the seismic signal must be obtained. True amplitude recovery may include two steps: the first is gain recovery; the second is to compensate the amplitude value lost due to attenuation. Gain recovery for digital recording is the multiplication of the recorded signal values by the corresponding gain values, and amplitude compensation is the removal of the amplitude by attenuation coefficients related to divergence, absorption, etc. In some embodiments, the first seismic signal may also be a seismic signal obtained by performing true amplitude recovery on an original seismic signal, which may be determined according to actual conditions, and this is not limited in this specification.
From the above description, it can be seen that the embodiments of the present specification achieve the following technical effects: the effective frequency band of the original seismic signal can be obtained by acquiring the original seismic signal, performing high-resolution processing on the original seismic signal and performing processing on the original seismic signal. Furthermore, the mapping relation on the amplitude can be established by utilizing good amplitude preservation performance between the seismic signals before and after the high-resolution processing in the effective frequency range, and the mapping relation is applied to the full-frequency-band seismic signals of the seismic signals after the high-resolution processing, so that the amplitude preservation processing of the full-frequency-band seismic signals is realized, and the seismic signals after the amplitude preservation processing are obtained. Therefore, the relative amplitude of the seismic signal subjected to high-resolution processing can be accurately recovered, high-frequency and low-frequency energy can be effectively recovered, and further more reservoir structure information can be obtained by using the seismic signal subjected to amplitude preservation processing. The mapping amplitude-preserving method is small in calculated data quantity, wide in application area, free of limitation of geological environment factors and good in universality.
In one embodiment, before establishing the mapping relationship between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency band, the method may further include: and respectively carrying out band-pass filtering on the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency range to obtain the filtered first seismic signal and the filtered second seismic signal.
In this embodiment, the band pass filter is a device that allows a wave of a specific frequency band to pass while shielding other frequency bands. An ideal bandpass filter should have a completely flat passband with no amplification or attenuation within the passband, and with all frequencies outside the passband completely attenuated. The range of the band-pass filtering can be the range of the effective frequency band, so that signals of other frequency bands except the effective frequency band in the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal can be filtered, and data obtained after filtering has good amplitude preservation.
In one embodiment, correspondingly, establishing a mapping relationship between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency band may include: and establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signals after filtering and the second seismic signals after filtering in the effective frequency range.
In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the original seismic signal actually acquired is X0If the true amplitude seismic signal is X, the seismic signal obtained by performing high resolution processing on the original seismic signal is Y, and if the operator of the high resolution processing is D, then: y ═ D (X)0). Assuming that the band-pass filter operator is B, the established mapping relation is P, the envelope operator is H, and the following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002897854600000071
the above formula satisfies: p (B (y)) ═ B (X)0)。
In this embodiment, the mapping relationship P can be further analyzed from the operator perspective, and the following operator relationship can be obtained:
Y＝D(X0)
X＝P(Y)
seismic signals within the active frequency band have the following relationships:
B(X)＝B(X0)
it can thus be derived:
B(P(Y))＝B(X0)＝B(D-1(Y))
when the mapping operator P is an approximately linear operator, the order can be interchanged with the band-pass filter operator B, so that:
B(X0)＝D-1(B(Y))＝P(B(Y))
therefore, the mapping relation of the full frequency band can be approximately used as the mapping relation in the effective frequency band range, and the mapping relation in the effective frequency band range can also be used for amplitude-preserving processing of the full frequency band signal, so that the mapping relation P can be applied to the full frequency band signal Y, and the amplitude-preserving processing of Y is realized.
In one embodiment, after performing amplitude preservation processing on the full-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relationship, the method may further include: true amplitude seismic signals of the first seismic signal are acquired, and further, errors between the amplitude-preserved seismic signals and the true amplitude seismic signals can be determined. In the case where the error is smaller than the preset threshold, the amplitude preservation processing flow may be ended.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure the accuracy of the result of the amplitude preservation processing, when the error is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the effective frequency band may be adjusted, and the mapping relationship may be re-determined based on the adjusted effective frequency band and the amplitude preservation processing may be performed until the error between the seismic signal after the amplitude preservation processing and the true amplitude seismic signal is smaller than the preset threshold.
In the present embodiment, in the seismic record, the amplitude value of the reflected wave is determined by the reflection coefficient of the interface, and is also attenuated by the influence of gain control of the seismic amplifier and by the dispersion and absorption of the wave when it propagates through the medium, so that the original seismic record may not reflect the true amplitude value. When parameters of dynamic characteristics are required, especially when direct oil exploration is carried out, the real amplitude value of the seismic signal must be obtained. True amplitude recovery may include two steps: the first is gain recovery; the second is to compensate the amplitude value lost due to attenuation. Gain recovery for digital recording is the multiplication of the recorded signal values by the corresponding gain values, and amplitude compensation is the removal of the amplitude by attenuation coefficients related to divergence, absorption, etc.
In this embodiment, the true amplitude seismic signal X may represent the true amplitude value of the first seismic signal, and the amplitude preservation processing result should satisfy: | | P (Y) -X | non-woven phosphor2If the actual amplitude-preserving processing result is greatly different from the expected processing result and does not meet the precision requirement, the effective frequency band range can be reselected to adjust the mapping relation P between the data.
In one embodiment, the data of the first seismic signal, the second seismic signal, the amplitude-preserved seismic signal and the like can be subjected to normalized display and global display of each channel, so that the amplitude of the whole data and the relative size relationship of the data between channels can be better observed.
In a scene example, performing time-frequency analysis on the original seismic signals may obtain a wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition schematic diagram as shown in fig. 2 to 11, where the left half of fig. 2 to 11 is an original single shot record, the right half is a frequency division section, and the main frequencies and the frequency band ranges respectively corresponding to fig. 2 to 11 are: 6.36hz, 5hz-7 hz; 9.00hz, 7hz-10 hz; 12.73hz, 10hz-14 hz; 18.00hz, 14hz-20 hz; 25.46hz, 20hz-30 hz; 36hz, 30hz-42 hz; 50.92hz, 42hz-60 hz; 72.00hz, 60hz-84 hz; 101.92hz, 84hz-120 hz; 144.00hz, 120hz-170 hz. In FIGS. 2 to 11, the abscissa represents the number of Tracks (TRACENO) and the ordinate represents the travel Time (Time/ms). The effective frequency band of the original seismic signal can be selected according to fig. 2 to fig. 11, and the amplitude of the frequency division data with the frequency band of 20hz (hertz) to 30hz is stable from top to bottom, and the amplitude preservation is good, so that the effective frequency band of 20hz to 30hz can be selected.
In a scenario example, fig. 12 is a seismic section of single-shot raw data, and fig. 13 is a seismic section of single-shot raw data after band-pass filtering, and it can be seen from fig. 12 and 13 that amplitude of the filtered data has consistency from top to bottom, and effective frequency band selection is accurate. Fig. 14 is a single-shot seismic profile after high resolution processing, and fig. 15 is a single-shot seismic profile after band-pass filtering the processed single-shot data, and a mapping relationship may be established between the data amplitudes of fig. 13 and fig. 15, and the mapping relationship may be applied to full-band data, thereby implementing amplitude-preserving processing of full-band signals. FIG. 16 is a single-trace seismic profile after amplitude preservation, and comparing with the original data seismic profile of FIG. 12 shows that the energy of different frequency band components of the signal is well restored and preserved, and the energy is restored to the true amplitude degree to the maximum extent. The seismic sections in fig. 12 to fig. 16 are all normalized display modes of each trace, wherein the normalized display mode of each trace may be to obtain a maximum value of each trace divided by itself, and the maximum value of each trace is 1. In fig. 12 to 16, the abscissa represents the number of Tracks (TRACENO) and the ordinate represents the travel Time (Time/ms).
In a scene example, fig. 17 is a seismic section of single-shot raw data, fig. 18 is a seismic section of single-shot raw data after band-pass filtering, and it can be seen from fig. 17 and fig. 18 that amplitude of filtered data has consistency from top to bottom, and effective frequency band selection is accurate. Fig. 19 is a single-shot seismic profile after high resolution processing, and fig. 20 is a single-shot seismic profile after band-pass filtering the processed single-shot data, and a mapping relationship may be established between the data amplitudes of fig. 18 and fig. 20 and applied to full-band data, thereby implementing amplitude-preserving processing of full-band signals. Fig. 21 is a single-channel seismic profile after amplitude preservation processing, and as can be seen by comparing with the original data seismic profile of fig. 17, high and low frequency energy is obviously recovered, the amplitude spatial consistency becomes good, and the relative amplitude relationship is kept well. The seismic sections of fig. 17 to 21 are all global display modes, wherein the global display mode is to find the maximum value in all the traces of the seismic data, the displayed data is single shot data divided by the maximum value, and the relative size relationship is kept between the traces. In fig. 17 to 21, the abscissa represents the number of Tracks (TRACENO) and the ordinate represents the travel Time (Time/ms).
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present specification further provides a mapping amplitude-preserving device, as in the following embodiments. Because the principle of the mapping amplitude-preserving device for solving the problem is similar to that of the mapping amplitude-preserving method, the implementation of the mapping amplitude-preserving device can refer to the implementation of the mapping amplitude-preserving method, and repeated parts are not described again. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated. Fig. 22 is a block diagram of a structure of a mapping and amplitude-preserving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 22, the mapping and amplitude-preserving apparatus may include: a first obtaining module 201, a second obtaining module 202, a time-frequency analysis module 203, a building module 204, and an amplitude-preserving processing module 205, which are described below.
A first acquisition module 201, which may be used to acquire a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal;
a second obtaining module 202, configured to obtain a second seismic signal; wherein the second seismic signal is a processed seismic signal;
the time-frequency analysis module 203 may be configured to perform time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band;
the establishing module 204 may be configured to establish a mapping relationship between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency band range;
the amplitude-preserving processing module 205 may be configured to perform amplitude-preserving processing on the full-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relationship, so as to obtain the amplitude-preserved seismic signal.
The embodiment of the present specification further provides an electronic device, which may specifically refer to a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device based on the mapping amplitude-preserving method provided by the embodiment of the present specification, shown in fig. 23, and the electronic device may specifically include an input device 31, a processor 32, and a memory 33. The input device 31 may be specifically configured to input a first seismic signal and a second seismic signal; the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal, and the second seismic signal is a seismic signal obtained by performing high-resolution processing on the original seismic signal. The processor 32 may be specifically configured to perform time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band; establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the amplitude within the effective frequency range; and carrying out amplitude-preserving processing on the full-frequency-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude-preserving processing. The memory 33 may be specifically configured to store parameters such as amplitude-preserved seismic signals.
In this embodiment, the input device may be one of the main apparatuses for information exchange between a user and a computer system. The input devices may include a keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, light pen, handwriting input panel, voice input device, etc.; the input device is used to input raw data and a program for processing the data into the computer. The input device can also acquire and receive data transmitted by other modules, units and devices. The processor may be implemented in any suitable way. For example, the processor may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium that stores computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, an embedded microcontroller, and so forth. The memory may in particular be a memory device used in modern information technology for storing information. The memory may include multiple levels, and in a digital system, memory may be used as long as binary data can be stored; in an integrated circuit, a circuit without a physical form and with a storage function is also called a memory, such as a RAM, a FIFO and the like; in the system, the storage device in physical form is also called a memory, such as a memory bank, a TF card and the like.
In this embodiment, the functions and effects specifically realized by the electronic device can be explained by comparing with other embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Embodiments of the present specification further provide a computer storage medium based on a mapping amplitude-preserving method, where the computer storage medium stores computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed, the computer storage medium may implement: acquiring a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal; acquiring a second seismic signal; the second seismic signal is the seismic signal which is obtained by performing high-resolution processing on the original seismic signal; performing time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band; establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the amplitude within the effective frequency range; and carrying out amplitude preservation processing on the full-frequency-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude preservation processing.
In the present embodiment, the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Cache (Cache), a Hard Disk Drive (HDD), or a Memory Card (Memory Card). The memory may be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit may be an interface for performing network connection communication, which is set in accordance with a standard prescribed by a communication protocol.
In this embodiment, the functions and effects specifically realized by the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium can be explained by comparing with other embodiments, and are not described herein again.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the embodiments of the present specification described above may be implemented by a general purpose computing device, they may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed over a network of multiple computing devices, and alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by a computing device, such that they may be stored in a storage device and executed by a computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that described herein, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple ones of them may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, embodiments of the present description are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Although the embodiments herein provide the method steps as described in the above embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included in the method based on conventional or non-inventive efforts. In the case of steps where no causal relationship is logically necessary, the order of execution of the steps is not limited to that provided by the embodiments of the present description. When the method is executed in an actual device or end product, the method can be executed sequentially or in parallel according to the embodiment or the method shown in the figure (for example, in the environment of a parallel processor or a multi-thread processing).
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of embodiments of the present specification should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A method for mapping amplitude preservation, comprising:
acquiring a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal;
acquiring a second seismic signal; the second seismic signal is the seismic signal which is obtained by performing high-resolution processing on the original seismic signal;
performing time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band;
establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the effective frequency range on the amplitude;
and carrying out amplitude preservation processing on the full-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude preservation processing.
2. The method of claim 1, prior to mapping the first seismic signal to the second seismic signal in amplitude over the active frequency band, further comprising:
respectively performing band-pass filtering on the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal to obtain a first seismic signal after filtering and a second seismic signal after filtering; and the band-pass filtering range is the effective frequency range.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein mapping the first seismic signal to the second seismic signal in amplitude over the active frequency band comprises: and establishing a mapping relation between the filtered first seismic signal and the filtered second seismic signal in the amplitude within the effective frequency range.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein performing a time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an active frequency band comprises:
performing time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal by using wavelet transformation to obtain an effective frequency band; the effective frequency band is a frequency band range with consistent amplitude from top to bottom.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after performing amplitude preserving processing on the full band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relationship:
acquiring a true amplitude seismic signal of the first seismic signal;
determining an error between the amplitude preserved seismic signal and the true amplitude seismic signal;
and ending the amplitude-preserving processing flow under the condition that the error is smaller than a preset threshold value.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, after determining the error between the amplitude-preserved seismic signal and the true amplitude seismic signal:
and under the condition that the error is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, adjusting the effective frequency band until the error between the seismic signal after amplitude preservation processing and the true amplitude seismic signal is smaller than the preset threshold value.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after amplitude preserving the full band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relationship: and carrying out normalization display and global display on each channel of the seismic signals after amplitude preservation processing.
8. A mapping amplitude preserving apparatus, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a first seismic signal; wherein the first seismic signal is an original seismic signal;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring a second seismic signal; wherein the second seismic signal is a processed seismic signal;
the time-frequency analysis module is used for carrying out time-frequency analysis on the first seismic signal to obtain an effective frequency band;
the establishing module is used for establishing a mapping relation between the first seismic signal and the second seismic signal in the amplitude within the effective frequency range;
and the amplitude-preserving processing module is used for carrying out amplitude-preserving processing on the full-frequency-band signal of the second seismic signal according to the mapping relation to obtain the seismic signal after amplitude-preserving processing.
9. A mapping amplitude preservation device comprising a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, the instructions when executed by the processor implementing the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed, implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202110047563.6A 2021-01-14 2021-01-14 Mapping amplitude-preserving method, device and equipment Pending CN114764147A (en)

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