CN114763590B - Wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114763590B CN114763590B CN202110031192.2A CN202110031192A CN114763590B CN 114763590 B CN114763590 B CN 114763590B CN 202110031192 A CN202110031192 A CN 202110031192A CN 114763590 B CN114763590 B CN 114763590B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/003—Cementite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Abstract
The invention discloses wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, which comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass besides Fe and inevitable impurity elements: c is more than or equal to 0.75 percent and less than or equal to 2.2 percent, si is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent, mn is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent, and Al is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the matrix of the wear-resistant steel is ferrite, and cementite particles are uniformly distributed in the ferrite and on the grain boundary. In addition, the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, which comprises the following steps: smelting and casting; (2) heating; (3) rolling; and (4) cooling: cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of less than or equal to 5 ℃/s. The wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation has low alloy cost and preparation cost, can ensure better wear resistance under the condition of lower hardness, has high uniform elongation, and has good popularization prospect and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a wear-resistant steel material and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Wear is a common way of failure of materials, with losses due to wear amounting to trillions per year. Wear-resistant materials are popular in many industries as an important consumable material to overcome losses due to wear of the material.
The existing wear-resistant materials mainly comprise martensite wear-resistant steel, austenite high-manganese wear-resistant steel, high-chromium cast iron, high-vanadium high-speed wear-resistant steel and the like, and in recent years, tiC-reinforced wear-resistant steel also appears.
The martensite wear-resistant steel mainly improves the wear resistance by improving the hardness of a matrix, the hardness of the matrix and the wear resistance are approximately in a linear relationship, but the wear resistance and the processability of the martensite wear-resistant steel are difficult to be considered simultaneously. The austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel is invented by Robert Abbot Hadfield in 1882, the wear-resistant steel is subjected to phase change in the loading process, the strength is improved, and the wear-resistant steel has very good wear resistance under the working condition of high-stress impact load and wear. The original structure of the austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel is austenite, so that the toughness and the wear resistance of the material are considered, but the low-stress and low-impact working conditions are not suitable for the wear-resistant steel.
High-chromium cast iron, high-vanadium high-speed wear-resistant steel and TiC-reinforced wear-resistant steel appearing in recent years all use hard particles as second phases to improve the wear resistance of the material. These wear resistant particles include various types of carbides, nitrides, borides and oxides, with carbides being the predominant species. The shape, size and distribution of the carbides directly influence the wear resistance and toughness of the wear-resistant material, and the characteristics of the carbides are mainly adjusted by controlling the solidification process, the modification treatment, the plastic deformation and the heat treatment. This type of wear resistant steel often requires the addition of certain amounts of alloying elements to form carbide particles of various types, thus increasing the cost of the material. Meanwhile, the shape and distribution of carbide are not easy to control in the solidification process, and the shape of carbide is often required to be improved by a spray forming technology and a directional solidification technology.
Based on the above, aiming at the defects of the wear-resistant steel in the prior art, the invention aims to obtain the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation and the manufacturing method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the alloy cost and the preparation cost of the wear-resistant steel material are low, the plasticity is good, the wear-resistant steel is not limited by hardenability, the wear-resistant steel with large section and low residual stress can be prepared, the good wear resistance can be ensured, the wear-resistant steel also has high uniform elongation, and the popularization prospect and the application value are good.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wear resistant steel with high uniform elongation, which contains the following chemical elements in the following amounts by mass in addition to Fe and unavoidable impurity elements:
0.75％≤C≤2.2％，0＜Si≤0.2％，0＜Mn≤0.2％，0.1％≤Al≤0.5％；
the matrix of the wear-resistant steel is ferrite, and cementite particles are uniformly distributed in the ferrite and on the grain boundary.
Further, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the mass percentages of all chemical elements are as follows:
c is more than or equal to 0.75 percent and less than or equal to 2.2 percent, si is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent, mn is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent, and Al is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
In the technical scheme of the invention, in the chemical composition design of the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, a certain amount of carbon element is only needed to be added, and alloy elements such as chromium, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, boron and the like are not needed to be added, so that better wear resistance and high uniform elongation can be obtained.
In addition, the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation rate disclosed by the invention ensures the wear resistance through large-size cementite particles, and does not depend on a supersaturated martensite matrix to realize the wear resistance, so that the wear resistance can be ensured under a high-temperature environment below 700 ℃, the applicability is quite wide, and the practical significance is very important.
In the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the design principle of each chemical element is as follows:
c: in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the content of the C element in the steel is controlled, and the type, distribution and morphology of carbide serving as a strengthening phase in the steel after phase transformation can be controlled. Based on the above, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the mass percentage of C is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.75% and less than or equal to 2.2%.
Si: in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, si element mainly remains in the iron-making and steel-making process. Therefore, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the mass percentage of Si element is controlled to be more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
Mn: in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation according to the present invention, mn element remains as a deoxidizer and a desulfurizer. Therefore, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the mass percentage of Mn element is controlled to be more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
Al: in the high uniform elongation wear-resistant steel of the present invention, al is mainly used for deoxidation, which has a very important role. Therefore, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the mass percentage of the Al element is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 0.5%.
Further, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, P is less than or equal to 0.1 percent in inevitable impurity elements; and/or S is less than or equal to 0.02 percent.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, both P and S are impurity elements in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, and the content of the impurity elements in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation should be reduced as much as possible in order to obtain a steel with better performance and better quality when the technical conditions allow.
Further, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation according to the present invention, the size of the cementite particles is several tens of micrometers to submicron.
Further, in the high uniform elongation wear-resistant steel of the present invention, the morphology of the cementite particles is spherical or short rod-shaped.
Further, in the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, the uniform elongation is more than 10%, and the Brinell hardness is less than HB200.
Accordingly, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, which is low in manufacturing cost, and the wear-resistant steel obtained by the manufacturing method has not only good wear resistance but also high uniform elongation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the above wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation, comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting and casting;
(2) Heating;
(3) Rolling;
(4) And (3) cooling: cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of less than or equal to 5 ℃/s.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, in the step (2), the ingot or the cast slab is heated to 1100 ℃ to 1200 ℃ and kept warm to austenitize the ingot or the cast slab.
Further, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, in the step (3), the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be lower than 700 ℃.
Further, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, there is further provided a step (1 a) between the step (1) and the step (2): and slowly cooling the casting blank or the cast ingot to room temperature at a cooling speed of not higher than 6 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation and the manufacturing method thereof have the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation has the advantages of low alloy cost and preparation cost, good plasticity, no limit of hardenability, and capability of effectively preparing a wear-resistant steel plate with a large section and low residual stress.
The wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation rate disclosed by the invention protects the wear resistance by large-size cementite particles instead of relying on a supersaturated martensite matrix to realize the wear resistance, so that the wear resistance can be ensured under a high-temperature environment below 700 ℃, the applicability is quite wide, and the practical significance is very important.
In addition, the production process of the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation is simple and convenient, and additional control in the solidification process and processes such as modification treatment are not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure morphology photograph of the high uniform elongation wear resistant steel of example 5 under an optical microscope at 1000 times at one viewing angle.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure topography photograph of the high uniform elongation wear resistant steel of example 5 under an optical microscope at 1000 times at another viewing angle.
Detailed Description
The high uniform elongation wear resistant steel and the method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to the following specific examples and drawings, which, however, should not be construed to unduly limit the technical solutions of the present invention.
Examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2
The wear-resistant steels with high uniform elongation of examples 1-6 of the present invention were all prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting and casting according to the chemical components shown in the table 1 to obtain a cast slab or an ingot, and then slowly cooling the cast slab or the ingot to room temperature at a cooling rate of not more than 6 ℃/min.
(2) Heating: heating the cast ingot or the cast blank to 1100-1200 ℃, and preserving heat to austenitize the cast ingot or the cast blank.
(3) Rolling: the finishing temperature is controlled to be lower than 700 ℃.
(4) And (3) cooling: cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of less than or equal to 5 ℃/s.
It should be noted that the chemical composition design and related processes of the high uniform elongation wear resistant steels of examples 1-6 meet the design specification requirements of the present invention.
Table 1 shows the mass percentages of the chemical elements of the high uniform elongation wear resistant steels of examples 1-6.
TABLE 1-1. (wt.%, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities other than P, S)
Table 2 lists the specific process parameters of the high uniform elongation wear resistant steels of examples 1-6 in the above manufacturing process.
Table 2.
Accordingly, in the present invention, HB450 martensite matrix wear-resistant steel and HB500 martensite matrix wear-resistant steel, which are known in the prior art, were selected for comparative examples 1 to 2, respectively, and the compositions and processes of these two types of steel are known and will not be described herein again.
The wear-resistant steels with high uniform elongation of the finished products of examples 1 to 6 and the HB450 and HB500 martensite matrix wear-resistant steels of comparative examples 1 to 2 obtained through the above process steps were sampled, respectively, and subjected to the relevant performance tests, and the obtained performance test results are listed in Table 3. The relevant performance test method is as follows:
and (3) tensile test: the relevant tensile tests were carried out according to the parameters and in the vertical direction specified in the national standard GB/T228.1-2010, in order to obtain the elongation of the steels of the examples and of the comparative examples.
Brinell hardness test: the average Brinell hardness of each of the example and comparative example steels was measured by controlling the ball diameter in the test to 5mm and the test force to 7355N.
Abrasion weight loss test: and (3) carrying out an abrasion weight loss test on a dry sand rubber wheel abrasion testing machine, setting the rotating speed of the abrasion testing machine to be 200 revolutions per minute, setting the load of the abrasion testing machine to be 30 pounds, setting the total abrasion circle number to be 1000 revolutions, and weighing to obtain the abrasion weight loss of each embodiment and comparative steel after the test is finished.
Table 3 shows the results of property measurements of the high uniform elongation wear-resistant steels of examples 1 to 6 and the martensite base wear-resistant steels HB450 and HB500 of comparative examples 1 to 2.
Table 3.
As can be seen from Table 3, the high uniform elongation wear resistant steels according to examples 1-6 of the present invention all had a uniform elongation of > 10% and an average Brinell hardness of < HB200.
The high uniform elongation wear resistant steels of examples 1-6 according to the present invention have significantly better elongation than the HB450 and HB500 martensitic matrix wear resistant steels of comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively, each having a uniform elongation of over 10%, which significantly exceeds the uniform elongation of the conventional martensitic matrix wear resistant steels of comparative examples 1-2.
Furthermore, it can be seen from the observation of the average Brinell hardness values of the different materials that the high uniform elongation wear resistant steels according to the present invention do not have an average Brinell hardness value exceeding 200, which is much lower than the Brinell hardness values of the comparative steel grades corresponding to comparative examples 1-2. Therefore, the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation in the embodiments 1 to 6 can ensure better wear resistance under the condition of lower hardness, has excellent uniform elongation, and has good popularization prospect and application value.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure morphology photograph of the high uniform elongation wear resistant steel of example 5 under an optical microscope at 1000 times at one viewing angle.
As shown in fig. 1, the matrix of the wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation of example 5 is ferrite, and large-sized cementite grains (3 micrometers or more to several tens of micrometers) are uniformly distributed in the ferrite grain and on the grain boundary, and the morphology of the cementite grains is spherical or short rod-shaped.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure topography photograph of the high uniform elongation wear resistant steel of example 5 under an optical microscope at 1000 times at another viewing angle.
As shown in fig. 2, the matrix of the wear resistant steel with high uniform elongation of example 5 is ferrite, and the ferrite matrix further includes small cementite particles with a size of 3 microns or less and submicron.
It should be noted that the combination of the features in the present application is not limited to the combination described in the claims of the present application or the combination described in the embodiments, and all the features described in the present application may be freely combined or combined in any manner unless contradicted by each other.
It should also be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention. It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and similar changes or modifications thereto which can be directly or easily inferred from the disclosure of the present invention by those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation is characterized by further comprising the following chemical elements in percentage by mass in addition to Fe and inevitable impurity elements:
1.22％≤C≤2.2％，0＜Si≤0.2％，0＜Mn≤0.2％，0.1％≤Al≤0.5％；
the matrix of the wear-resistant steel is ferrite, and cementite particles are uniformly distributed in the ferrite and on the grain boundary.
2. The wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical elements comprise, in mass percent:
1.22％≤C≤2.2％，0＜Si≤0.2％，0＜Mn≤0.2％，0.1％≤Al≤0.5％；
the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
3. The wear-resistant steel with high uniform elongation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, among the inevitable impurity elements, P is 0.1% or less; and/or S is less than or equal to 0.02 percent.
4. The high uniform elongation wear resistant steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cementite particles have a size of several tens of micrometers to sub-micrometers.
5. The high uniform elongation wear resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said cementite particles are spherical or short rod shaped in morphology.
6. The high uniform elongation wear resistant steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a uniform elongation > 10% and a brinell hardness < HB200.
7. The method for manufacturing a wear resistant steel with high uniform elongation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) Smelting and casting;
(2) Heating;
(3) Rolling;
(4) And (3) cooling: cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of less than or equal to 5 ℃/s.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (2), the ingot or billet is heated to 1100 ℃ to 1200 ℃ and held to austenitize.
9. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be lower than 700 ℃.
10. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, further comprising a step (1 a) between the step (1) and the step (2): and slowly cooling the casting blank or the cast ingot to room temperature at a cooling speed of not higher than 6 ℃/min.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1118174A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1996-03-06 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Rail of high abrasion resistance and high tenacity having pearlite metalographic structure and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2006097109A (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-13 | Jfe Steel Kk | High-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN107419174A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-01 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Economical high-carbon steel and its manufacture method |
| CN107614728A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2018-01-19 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel plate and its manufacture method |
| CN107735505A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2018-02-23 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel plate and manufacture method |
-
2021
- 2021-01-11 CN CN202110031192.2A patent/CN114763590B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1118174A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1996-03-06 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Rail of high abrasion resistance and high tenacity having pearlite metalographic structure and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2006097109A (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-13 | Jfe Steel Kk | High-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN107614728A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2018-01-19 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel plate and its manufacture method |
| CN107735505A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2018-02-23 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel plate and manufacture method |
| CN107419174A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-01 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Economical high-carbon steel and its manufacture method |
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