CN114760694A - Rate optimization method of relay cooperation NOMA system under IQI condition - Google Patents

Rate optimization method of relay cooperation NOMA system under IQI condition Download PDF

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CN114760694A
CN114760694A CN202210280114.0A CN202210280114A CN114760694A CN 114760694 A CN114760694 A CN 114760694A CN 202210280114 A CN202210280114 A CN 202210280114A CN 114760694 A CN114760694 A CN 114760694A
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relay
iqi
base station
user
power
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万晓榆
王雨
王正强
樊自甫
杨雄清
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for optimizing the sum rate of a relay cooperative NOMA system under the IQI condition, which comprises the following steps: initializing the maximum transmitting power of a base station, the maximum transmitting power of a relay, channel gain, Gaussian noise standard deviation and an initial rate value in a C-NOMA system; an objective function model of the signal-to-noise ratio and the sum rate of a relay Cooperative NOMA (C-NOMA) system is established by introducing an IQI model and an IQI coefficient, and the objective function is optimized under the condition of ensuring the Quality of service (QoS) of each user. And according to the characteristics of the objective function, enabling the transmitting end and the relay of the base station to operate at full power, and determining the optimization and rate power allocation of the whole IQIC-NOMA system by ensuring that users with poor channel conditions just meet the QoS of the system by adopting derivation verification. The invention has the advantages of strong stability and strong practicability.

Description

Rate optimization method of relay cooperation NOMA system under IQI condition
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of NOMA, and particularly relates to a relay cooperation NOMA system sum rate optimization method based on an IQI (intensity information quality index).
Background
With the rapid development of the internet of things, a large amount of internet of things equipment needs to be provided in the future wireless communication technology, and the requirements of high spectrum efficiency and low time delay are met. NOMA, an important multiple access technology, can significantly improve the spectral efficiency of a system, and the SIC technology is utilized to eliminate interference among users. In addition, it also plays an important role in ensuring user fairness.
Cooperative relay transmission is also another promising technique for future wireless communication networks because it improves system reliability, extends network coverage, mitigates channel impairments, and ensures high quality of service (QoS). Relay-assisted communication in wireless networks is more attractive, especially because of deep fading, severe shadow occlusion or distance beyond the source, there is no direct link between the base station and the mobile terminal. Therefore, the study of the two-hop relay system seems to be an attractive research area.
Since many devices are equipped with wireless functionality and the price pressure of wireless products is great, the concept of direct conversion architecture is very useful for amplifying relays and can meet these requirements. However, the well-known direct conversion architecture assumes a very ideal rf front-end. In practice, radio frequency impairments can degrade system performance, such as High Power Amplifier (HPA) nonlinearity, in-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance (IQI), Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) nonlinearity, antenna coupling, Phase Noise (PN), and Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO). In particular, IQI represents the mismatch between the analog components in the I and Q branches, which is caused by limited accuracy of the analog hardware, and may be independent of frequency or dependent on frequency. The frequency independent IQI is mainly caused by non-ideal mixers and phase shifters and remains constant over the entire signal bandwidth, while the frequency dependent IQI is caused by I and Q low pass filter mismatch. For an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, the IQI severely degrades system performance due to image subcarrier interference. However, there are also many power allocation issues that do not consider IQ immbalance. In practical situations, IQ interference in a communication system cannot be ignored.
Alexandros-Apostolos and A.Boulogeorgos analyze the Power distribution problem of IQI received by only a receiving end in a traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system in Optimal Power Allocation for OFDMA Systems Under I/Q Imbalance, in IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol.23, No.11, pp.1677-1681 and Nov.2016.
Jingya Li et al consider the problem of power distribution under IQI conditions in I/Q interference in Two-Way AF Relaying, in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.62, No.7, pp.2271-2285, July 2014, and this method improves the interruption performance of the system, but ignores the IQI existing at the base station and the receiving end and does not apply NOMA to the system.
Based on the analysis, the invention considers that the receiving end and the transmitting end have the relay cooperation NOMA communication system of the IQI at the same time, supposes that the system has perfect CSI, and designs the receiving user as a far user and a near user to communicate with the base station through the relay.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. A method for optimizing the sum rate of a relay cooperative NOMA system under the IQI condition is provided. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for optimizing sum rate of a relay cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system under an IQI condition comprises the following steps:
step 1): initializing the maximum transmitting power of a base station, the maximum transmitting power of a relay, channel gain, Gaussian noise standard deviation and an initial rate value in a C-NOMA system;
step 2): establishing an objective function model of the signal-to-noise ratio and the sum rate of the C-NOMA system based on the IQI factors of the base station and the users by introducing an IQI model, and optimizing the objective function under the condition of ensuring the QoS of each user;
and step 3): maximum system ofThe unified sum rate allows the base station and the relay to operate at full power, the optimized coefficient only has the power distribution coefficient of the user, and the power distribution coefficient a of the base station and the remote user is adopted based on the non-convex characteristic of the objective function1First-order derivation is carried out, and then the target power distribution coefficient of the far user is determined under the condition of ensuring QoS
Figure BDA0003556508580000031
Step 4): for the determination
Figure BDA0003556508580000032
Thereby determining the target power distribution coefficient of the near user
Figure BDA0003556508580000033
And the corresponding sum rate can be found.
Further, the step 1): initializing the maximum transmitting power of a base station, the maximum transmitting power of a relay, channel gain, Gaussian noise standard deviation and an initial rate value in a C-NOMA system, and specifically comprising the following steps:
Figure BDA0003556508580000034
represents the maximum transmission power of the base station,
Figure BDA0003556508580000035
For maximum transmit power of the relay, the base station to relay channel gain h1＝gSRPL-1Channel gain h for relaying to remote user2＝gRFPL-1Channel gain h relayed to near user3＝gRNPL-1、gSR,gRF,gRNRespectively representing the small-scale Rayleigh fading channel gain, PL, from the base station to the relay, from the relay to the far user and from the relay to the near user-1Representing path loss, σ, at different distances2Representing the gaussian noise standard deviation.
Further, the step 2) introduces an IQI coefficient u of the transmitting end of the base stationtAnd vtAnd IQI coefficient u of receiving endr、vrWherein
Figure BDA0003556508580000036
ut、gTIndicating amplitude imbalance, phi, of the transmitterTIndicating a phase imbalance, g, at the transmitter endRIndicating amplitude imbalance, phi, at the receiving endRIndicating a phase imbalance at the receiving end. Signals transmitted by base station
Figure BDA0003556508580000037
gtA baseband signal indicating normal transmission,
Figure BDA0003556508580000038
Respectively, represent the complex conjugate of the corresponding coefficient. The signal y ═ u received by the receiving endrx+vrx, x represents the perfect signal at the receiver. Considering an ideal case, assuming perfect Channel State Information (CSI) and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), where the snr of the far user is the snr in a direct decoding manner
Figure BDA0003556508580000039
h1、h2Respectively representing base station to relay channel gain and relay to remote user channel gain
Figure BDA00035565085800000310
Denotes its complex conjugate, PrTransmitting power, P, for the relaysTransmitting power, N, for a base station0Represents the background noise of the receiving end,
Figure BDA0003556508580000041
Representing background noise from base station to user, a1Representing the power allocation coefficient of the far user.
The near-end user adopts perfect SIC to remove the interference of the far-end user, and the signal-to-noise ratio is
Figure BDA0003556508580000042
a2Power distribution coefficient, h, representing near users3Indicates the channel gain relayed to the far user,
Figure BDA0003556508580000043
Representing its complex conjugate.
Sum rate problem for system setup
Figure BDA0003556508580000044
Figure BDA0003556508580000044
1/2 represents the system is divided into two time slots, and system QoS is introduced at the same time, and the system is operated at full power
Figure BDA0003556508580000045
Further, the step 2) is simplified by replacing variables
Figure BDA0003556508580000046
Figure BDA0003556508580000047
Figure BDA0003556508580000048
Figure BDA0003556508580000049
Figure BDA00035565085800000410
Since the objective function is to maximize sum rate, let
Figure BDA00035565085800000411
The objective function can be further simplified by the following variable substitutions
Figure BDA00035565085800000412
Figure BDA00035565085800000413
Figure BDA00035565085800000414
Further, said step 3) is for the sum rate objective function
Figure BDA00035565085800000415
The optimized variable at this time is the power distribution coefficient a1And a2Let the objective function pair a in view of the non-convex nature of the objective function1Make a derivation
Figure BDA00035565085800000416
I.e. the sum rate objective function with a1Is reduced and receives a due to introduction of QoS1Just meets the minimum rate requirement
Figure BDA0003556508580000051
Wherein Y is 22Rmin-1. Rmin represents the minimum rate requirement, i.e., QoS, of the system.
Further, the step 4) obtains the power distribution coefficient of the far user according to the step 3)
Figure BDA0003556508580000052
Inverse hand determination of power distribution coefficients for near users
Figure BDA0003556508580000053
So that the maximization of the objective and rate functions under QoS conditions can be obtained;
the sum rate objective function is:
Figure BDA0003556508580000054
wherein
Figure BDA0003556508580000055
Is the maximum power transmitted by the base station,
Figure BDA0003556508580000056
maximum power for relay transmission, A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,C1,C2Is a constant associated with a given IQI, N0Is background noise.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides an IQI-based optimization method for improving a system and speed based on the existing NOMA network and OFDMA communication network of the traditional ideal radio frequency front end. The invention establishes an optimization model by taking the maximum systematic sum rate as a criterion under the condition of meeting the limits of user service quality, QoS and power distribution of a base station and a relay transmitting end. And according to the property of the objective function, maximizing the power operation of the transmitting end and the relay of the base station, and simplifying the expression into a function for optimizing the power distribution coefficient of the NOMA system. The power distribution coefficient a of the remote user is obtained by applying the first-order derivation of the objective function to the power distribution coefficient 1 *The derivation proves that the power distribution coefficient of the sum rate maximization system is obtained. Simulation results show that the method improves the sum rate of the system and improves the interruption performance of the whole system under the condition of ensuring the QoS of each user.
The invention considers that the receiving end and the transmitting end have the IQI at the same time, and uses NOMA power distribution to improve the frequency spectrum of the system, compared with the traditional (systematic) model which does not consider the IQI factor, the invention not only meets the service quality of the user, but also improves the sum rate and the stability of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a relay cooperative NOMA system and a rate optimization method under IQI conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a model diagram of the system;
FIG. 3 is a chart of the sum rates for different IQI conditions obtained by the method of the example;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the sum of the rate comparison of the optimized algorithm under certain IQI conditions and a conventional algorithm without considering IQI, respectively;
fig. 5 shows the maximum number of users allowed by the optimized algorithm and the conventional algorithm system under the condition of a certain QoS under the IQI condition.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the embodiment is a sum-rate maximum resource allocation optimization scheme of a C-NOMA system based on an IQI condition, and a system model is that a base station simultaneously performs communication and communication on a far user and a near user through AF amplification relay, wherein IQ interference exists between the base station and a receiving end is considered, and the relay is considered as an ideal situation due to the fact that the relay often has higher precision. The base station and the relay adopt single antenna for receiving, the channel adopts a Rayleigh fading model, and the channel gains the base station to the relay h1＝gSRPL-1Relay to far user gain h2＝gRFPL-1Relaying to near user gain h3＝gRNPL-1，gSR,gRF,gRNRespectively represent the small-scale Rayleigh fading channel gains from the base station to the relay, from the relay to the far user and from the relay to the near user, wherein PL-1Is a path loss of
Figure BDA0003556508580000061
d represents distance in km, i.e. the channel gain of far users is smaller than that of near usersChannel gain h2＜h3。
The IQI model is briefly introduced below, and first, the IQI coefficients of the transmitting end of the base station are introduced
Figure BDA0003556508580000071
And a receiving end
Figure BDA0003556508580000072
gT/RAnd phiT/RThe amplitude and phase imbalance coefficients of the transmitting end/the receiving end are respectively. Signals transmitted by base station
Figure BDA0003556508580000073
The signal y ═ u received by the receiving endrx+vrx, x and gtRespectively, the signal in the case of an ideal IQ impedance, i.e. g T＝gR＝1，
Figure BDA0003556508580000074
At this time ut＝ur＝1,vt＝vr＝0。
The first step, initializing the maximum transmitting power of the base station, the maximum transmitting power of the relay, the channel gain, the standard deviation of the Gaussian noise and the sum rate of the system in the C-NOMA system, and determining the signal sent by the base station
Figure BDA0003556508580000075
Second, a C-NOMA system introducing base stations and users with an IQI factor is established through an IQI model, perfect SIC and CSI are assumed, and then signal-to-noise ratios of far users and near users are determined
Figure BDA0003556508580000076
Figure BDA0003556508580000077
Its complex conjugate, PrTransmitting power, P, for the relaysTransmitting power, N, for a base station0Represents the background noise of the receiving end,
Figure BDA0003556508580000078
Representing the background noise from the base station to the user, a1Representing the power allocation coefficient of the far user.
a2Power distribution coefficient, h, representing near users3Indicates the channel gain relayed to the far user,
Figure BDA0003556508580000079
Representing its complex conjugate.
Sum rate problem for system setup
Figure BDA00035565085800000710
Figure BDA00035565085800000710
1/2 represents the system split into two time slots while introducing system QoS. Simplified form by variable substitution
Figure BDA0003556508580000081
Figure BDA0003556508580000082
Figure BDA0003556508580000083
Figure BDA0003556508580000084
Figure BDA0003556508580000085
Since the objective function is to maximize sum rate, let
Figure BDA0003556508580000086
The objective function can be further simplified to the following variable substitution
Figure BDA0003556508580000087
Figure BDA0003556508580000088
Figure BDA0003556508580000089
Third, for the sum rate objective function
Figure BDA00035565085800000810
The optimized variable at this time is the power distribution coefficient a1And a2Let the objective function pair a in view of the non-convex nature of the objective function 1Make a derivation
Figure BDA00035565085800000811
I.e. the sum rate objective function with a1Is decreased and receives a due to the introduction of QoS1Just meets the minimum rate requirement
Figure BDA00035565085800000812
Wherein Y is 22Rmin-1, Rmin being the minimum rate requirement of the system.
Fourthly, the target power distribution coefficient of the far user obtained according to the third step
Figure BDA00035565085800000813
Inverse hand determination of near-user target power distribution coefficient
Figure BDA00035565085800000814
So that the maximization of the objective and rate functions under QoS conditions can be obtained.
The sum rate objective function is:
Figure BDA00035565085800000815
wherein
Figure BDA00035565085800000816
Is the maximum power transmitted by the base station,
Figure BDA00035565085800000817
maximum power for relay transmission, A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,C1,C2Is a constant associated with a given IQI, N0Is background noise.
In this embodiment, fig. 2 is a model diagram of a system, and fig. 3 is a velocity map obtained by the method of this example under different IQI conditions; FIG. 4 is a graph of the sum of the rate comparison of the optimized algorithm under certain IQI conditions and the conventional algorithm without considering IQI; fig. 5 shows the maximum number of users allowed by the system under a certain QoS condition under the IQI condition. As can be seen from fig. 3: the IQI does degrade the performance of the system, especially in the high signal-to-noise ratio region, and is a non-negligible factor, proving the importance of considering the IQI factor.
As can be seen from fig. 4, under the same IQI condition, the sum rate of the proposed method is significantly greater than that of the conventional method without considering IQI, and the proposed method performs better than the conventional method.
It can be seen from fig. 5 that the proposed method compares the performance of the admitted user number with the conventional method without considering IQI under the constraint of minimum rate QoS and different maximum transmission power. From the simulation result, the method has better performance than the traditional method, which means that the algorithm can better meet the quality requirement of the system and reduce the interruption probability of the system.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. After reading the description of the present invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A relay cooperative NOMA system sum rate optimization method under the IQI condition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): initializing the maximum transmitting power of a base station, the maximum transmitting power of a relay, channel gain, Gaussian noise standard deviation and an initial rate value in a C-NOMA system;
step 2): establishing a signal-to-noise ratio and sum rate target function model of the C-NOMA system based on IQI factors of a base station and users by introducing an IQI model, and optimizing the target function under the condition of ensuring the QoS of each user;
and step 3): maximizing the sum rate of the system to ensure that the base station and the relay operate at full power, wherein the optimized coefficient only has the power distribution coefficient of the user, and the power distribution coefficient a of the base station and the remote user is adopted based on the non-convex characteristic of the objective function1First-order derivation is carried out firstly, and then the target power distribution coefficient of a far user is determined under the condition of guaranteeing QoS
Figure FDA0003556508570000011
And step 4): for certain
Figure FDA0003556508570000012
Thereby determining the target power distribution coefficient of the near user
Figure FDA0003556508570000013
And the corresponding sum rate can be found.
2. The sum rate optimization method of relay cooperative NOMA system according to claim 1, wherein said step 1): initializing the maximum transmitting power of a base station, the maximum transmitting power of a relay, channel gain, Gaussian noise standard deviation and an initial rate value in a C-NOMA system, and specifically comprising the following steps:
Figure FDA0003556508570000014
represents the maximum transmission power of the base station,
Figure FDA0003556508570000015
Indicating the maximum transmit power of the relay, the base station to relay channel gain h1＝gSRPL-1Channel gain h for relaying to remote user2＝gRFPL-1Channel gain h relayed to near user3＝gRNPL-1、gSR,gRF,gRNRespectively representing the small-scale Rayleigh fading channel gain, PL, from the base station to the relay, from the relay to the far user and from the relay to the near user-1Representing path loss, σ, at different distances2Representing the gaussian noise standard deviation.
3. The sum rate optimization method of relay cooperative NOMA system under IQI condition according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) introduces an IQI coefficient u at a transmitting end of a base stationtAnd vtAnd IQI coefficient u of receiving endr、vrWherein
Figure FDA0003556508570000016
Figure FDA0003556508570000017
gTIndicating amplitude imbalance, phi, of the transmitterTIndicating a phase imbalance, g, at the transmitter end RIndicates the receiving end amplitude imbalance phiRIndicating a phase imbalance at the receiving end. Signals transmitted by base station
Figure FDA0003556508570000021
gtA baseband signal indicating normal transmission,
Figure FDA0003556508570000022
Respectively, representing the complex conjugate of the corresponding coefficient. The signal y ═ u received by the receiving endrx+vrx, x represents the perfect signal of the receiving end, and the ideal case is considered, wherein the signal-to-noise ratio of the far user adopting the direct decoding mode is the signal-to-noise ratio (snr), assuming the perfect Channel State Information (CSI) and the perfect Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC)
Figure FDA0003556508570000023
h1、h2Respectively representing the base station to relay channel gain and the relay to far user channel gain,
Figure FDA0003556508570000024
denotes its complex conjugate, PrTransmitting power, P, for a relaysTransmitting power, N, for a base station0Represents the background noise of the receiving end,
Figure FDA0003556508570000025
Representing background noise from base station to user, a1A power allocation coefficient representing a far user;
the near-end user adopts perfect SIC to remove the interference of the far-end user, and the signal-to-noise ratio is
Figure FDA0003556508570000026
a2Power distribution coefficient, h, representing near users3Indicates the channel gain relayed to the far user,
Figure FDA0003556508570000027
Represents the complex conjugate thereof;
sum rate problem for system setup
Figure FDA0003556508570000028
1/2 represents the system is divided into two time slots, and system QoS is introduced at the same time, and the system is operated at full power
Figure FDA0003556508570000029
4. The method for rate optimization of relay cooperative NOMA system under IQI condition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step 2) is simplified by replacing variables
Figure FDA00035565085700000210
Figure FDA00035565085700000211
Figure FDA00035565085700000212
D＝|ur|2+|vr|2
Figure FDA00035565085700000213
C2＝|urh3|2+|vrh3|2
Figure FDA00035565085700000214
Since the objective function is to maximize sum rate, let
Figure FDA0003556508570000031
The objective function can be further simplified to the following variable substitution
Figure FDA0003556508570000032
Figure FDA0003556508570000033
Figure FDA0003556508570000034
5. The sum rate optimization method of relay cooperative NOMA system under IQI condition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step 3) is for sum rate objective function
Figure FDA0003556508570000035
The optimized variable at this time is the power distribution coefficient a1And a2Let the objective function pair a in view of the non-convex nature of the objective function1Make a derivation
Figure FDA0003556508570000036
I.e. the sum rate objective function with a1Is reduced and receives a due to introduction of QoS1Just meets the minimum rate requirement
Figure FDA0003556508570000037
Wherein Y is 22Rmin-1, Rmin represents the coefficient toThe minimum rate required is the QoS.
6. The method for rate optimization of relay cooperative NOMA system under IQI condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step 4) is to obtain the target power distribution coefficient of the far user according to the step 3)
Figure FDA0003556508570000038
Inverse hand determination of near-user target power distribution coefficient
Figure FDA0003556508570000039
So that the maximization of the objective and rate functions under QoS conditions can be obtained;
the sum rate objective function is:
Figure FDA00035565085700000310
wherein
Figure FDA00035565085700000311
Is the maximum power transmitted by the base station,
Figure FDA00035565085700000312
maximum power for relay transmission, A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,C1,C2Is a constant associated with a given IQI, N 0Is background noise.
CN202210280114.0A 2022-03-21 2022-03-21 Rate optimization method of relay cooperation NOMA system under IQI condition Pending CN114760694A (en)

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