CN114759880A - Terahertz wave band low-loss frequency spectrograph frequency spreading device and method - Google Patents
Terahertz wave band low-loss frequency spectrograph frequency spreading device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114759880A CN114759880A CN202210421391.9A CN202210421391A CN114759880A CN 114759880 A CN114759880 A CN 114759880A CN 202210421391 A CN202210421391 A CN 202210421391A CN 114759880 A CN114759880 A CN 114759880A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz waveband low-loss frequency spectrograph frequency spreading device.A public port of a first duplexer is connected with a frequency spectrograph, and a local oscillator output port of the first duplexer is connected with a local oscillator input port of a second duplexer after sequentially passing through a local oscillator frequency multiplier, a band-pass filter and an amplifier; a common port of the second duplexer is connected with a local oscillator or intermediate frequency common port of the harmonic mixer, and a radio frequency port of the harmonic mixer receives radio frequency signals; the intermediate frequency output port of the second duplexer is connected with the intermediate frequency input port of the first duplexer. The invention also discloses a terahertz waveband low-loss frequency spectrograph frequency spreading method. The invention carries out frequency multiplication amplification on the local oscillation signal through the local oscillation frequency multiplier, then carries out frequency mixing with the radio frequency signal in the harmonic mixer, and inputs the intermediate frequency signal after frequency mixing into the frequency spectrograph, and the input signal is directly accessed into the harmonic mixer without switching the switch to select a frequency conversion channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmonic mixing, in particular to a terahertz wave band low-loss frequency spectrograph frequency spreading device and a frequency spreading method.
Background
As one of the important instruments for signal measurement, spectrum analyzers play an irreplaceable role in the microwave field. At present, the companies which can provide spectrum analyzers internationally are mainly two companies of Germany and Germany, Luode and Schwarz, and the mainstream spectrum analyzers provided by the two companies have the analysis frequency of 50GHz, and recently, the spectrum analyzers with the frequency up to 67GHz are also introduced. However, the higher the operating frequency of a spectrum analyzer, the more expensive it is.
In order to meet the requirement of a user on the measurement of the millimeter wave terahertz frequency band, a spectrum analyzer generally provides a local oscillator and an intermediate frequency interface for external spread spectrum, and can be externally connected with a high-frequency harmonic mixer to expand the measurement frequency of the spectrum analyzer. The technical PXA series frequency spectrograph provides a spread spectrum SMA interface which is a local oscillator/intermediate frequency shared interface, and the local oscillator signal output and the intermediate frequency signal input are separated by a duplexer in the frequency spectrograph. The spread spectrum SMA interface can output local oscillation signals within the range of 3.75-14.1 GHz for spectrum spreading and simultaneously receive intermediate frequency signals (fixed about 300MHz) output by the spreading piece. The frequency spectrograph with the single expansion interface is suitable for being matched with a two-port harmonic mixer to realize frequency expansion. The two-port mixer has only two physical interfaces, namely a radio frequency interface and a local oscillator/intermediate frequency shared interface. During frequency spreading, the interface is connected with a frequency spreading SMA interface of the PXA, and the frequency spectrograph can display the frequency and the power of a signal to be measured by setting the number of harmonic waves expanded by the frequency spectrograph and the loss caused by the frequency spreading part. The Luode and Schwarz FSW series frequency spectrograph provides three spread spectrum SMA interfaces, wherein one local oscillator/intermediate frequency shared interface similar to PXA series is adapted to a dual-port harmonic mixer; and the other pair of independent local oscillator and intermediate frequency interfaces are adapted to the three-port harmonic mixer. The three-port harmonic mixer has three physical interfaces, namely a radio frequency interface, a local oscillator input interface and an intermediate frequency output interface. The FSW series can provide local oscillation signals of 7.65-17.45 GHz, and the upper limit frequency is higher than that of the PXA series.
The millimeter wave terahertz frequency band component generally adopts a waveguide transmission mode, meets the international waveguide standard, and in order to adapt to microwave devices with different frequency ranges, the working frequency band of a frequency spreading component is generally a standard waveguide frequency band, such as a V-band (WR-15, frequency range 50-75 GHz), an E-band (WR-12, frequency range 60-90 GHz), a W-band (WR-10, frequency range 75-110 GHz) and the like.
Under the condition that the local oscillation frequency range is fixed, if the frequency spectrograph needs to be expanded to a higher frequency band, the harmonic frequency of the mixer needs to be correspondingly increased. The higher the harmonic frequency of the mixer is, the higher the frequency conversion loss is, and the dynamic range of the radio frequency signal after passing through the mixer to generate an intermediate frequency signal and entering the frequency spectrograph is correspondingly reduced. When the noise floor is large, the intermediate frequency signal may be drowned out by the noise, so that the useful signal is difficult to observe on the spectrometer. For example, when a PXA-series spectrometer is matched with an expansion piece to measure a radio frequency signal of 220-330 GHz, the traditional mixing scheme is 24-th harmonic mixing, and the frequency conversion loss reaches more than 50 dB. When a signal with smaller power is measured, the power of the intermediate frequency signal of the signal to be measured after frequency mixing is possibly equivalent to the noise power of a PXA series spectrometer, so that the measurement dynamic range of the spectrometer is greatly reduced. Therefore, the traditional spectrum spreading method is difficult to meet the test scene with a large dynamic range when the frequency is high, such as the zero depth index test of the terahertz antenna.
The invention patent application with publication number CN106095705A discloses an apparatus and method for implementing ultra-wideband spreading of a signal/spectrum analyzer. This application is mainly for the high frequency extension that the operating frequency of frequency spectrograph host computer is to closing on, along with the improvement of spread spectrum frequency, the segmentation of frequency can show the increase to lead to the spread spectrum device structure comparatively complicated. In addition, the radio frequency input end of the expansion device adopts a single-pole multi-throw switch to switch different frequency bands, and input signals adopt a common coaxial interface. When the spread spectrum frequency exceeds 110GHz, a common coaxial input interface cannot be provided at present, namely a 1.0mm coaxial connector can be adopted below 110GHz, and a rectangular waveguide is required above 110 GHz. Therefore, the spread spectrum device fails at frequencies above 110 GHz. The spreading device of this application still has certain limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the spectrum spreading device of the frequency spectrograph is simple in structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a terahertz waveband low-loss frequency spectrograph frequency spreading device comprises a first duplexer, a local oscillator frequency multiplier, a band-pass filter, an amplifier, a second duplexer and a harmonic mixer;
the public port of the first duplexer is connected with a frequency spectrograph, and the local oscillator output port of the first duplexer is connected with the local oscillator input port of the second duplexer after passing through the local oscillator frequency multiplier, the band-pass filter and the amplifier in sequence;
a common port of the second duplexer is connected with a local oscillator or intermediate frequency common port of a harmonic mixer, and a radio frequency port of the harmonic mixer receives radio frequency signals;
and the intermediate frequency output port of the second duplexer is connected with the intermediate frequency input port of the first duplexer.
The advantages are that: the invention carries out frequency multiplication and amplification on the local oscillator signal through the local oscillator frequency multiplier, then carries out frequency mixing with the radio frequency signal in the harmonic mixer, and inputs the intermediate frequency signal after frequency mixing into the frequency spectrograph through the arrangement of the structures such as the first duplexer, the local oscillator frequency multiplier, the band-pass filter, the amplifier, the second duplexer, the harmonic mixer and the like.
Preferably, the first duplexer and the second duplexer both adopt a microstrip structure or a suspended microstrip structure.
Preferably, the local oscillator frequency multiplier is a frequency tripler.
Preferably, the band-pass filter adopts a parallel short-circuit line broadband band-pass filter structure.
Preferably, the amplifier adopts an amplifier chip with the model number of IPA-1550B.
Preferably, the harmonic mixer is a two-port mixer, and adopts a planar microstrip structure.
The invention also provides a frequency spreading method comprising the frequency spreading device of the terahertz waveband low-loss frequency spectrograph, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sending the local oscillation signal output by the frequency spectrograph to a first duplexer;
s2, the first duplexer sends the local oscillator signal to the local oscillator frequency multiplier to carry out frequency multiplication processing according to a set multiplying power;
s3, transmitting the local oscillator signal subjected to frequency multiplication to a harmonic mixer after passing through a band-pass filter, an amplifier and a second duplexer in sequence;
s4, the harmonic mixer mixes the local oscillation signal with the radio frequency signal, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal generated by mixing to the first duplexer through the second duplexer;
and S5, the first duplexer transmits the mixed intermediate frequency signal to a frequency spectrograph.
The advantages are that: the spread spectrum method of the invention can set the multiplying power of the local oscillator frequency multiplier and the harmonic mixer according to the actual use requirement, thereby ensuring that the spread spectrum device can cover the whole frequency band.
Preferably, the setting magnification in step S2 can be set according to the mixing frequency actually to be realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention has the advantages that through the arrangement of the structures of the first duplexer, the local oscillator frequency multiplier, the band-pass filter, the amplifier, the second duplexer, the harmonic mixer and the like, the local oscillator frequency multiplier is used for carrying out frequency multiplication amplification on the local oscillator signal, then the local oscillator signal is mixed with the radio-frequency signal in the harmonic mixer, and the mixed intermediate-frequency signal is input into the frequency spectrograph.
(2) The local oscillator frequency multiplier and the harmonic mixer can set multiplying power according to actual use requirements, so that the frequency spreading device can cover the whole frequency band, has the advantages of high working frequency band, large dynamic range and the like, and can be used for spectrum spreading of terahertz frequency bands.
(3) The first duplexer and the second duplexer are used for separating local oscillation signals from intermediate frequency signals, the local oscillation frequency multiplier is used for amplifying the local oscillation signals, the band-pass filter is used for filtering clutter after frequency multiplication, the amplifier is used for amplifying the local oscillation signal power after frequency multiplication to the optimal local oscillation power, and the harmonic mixer is used for mixing frequency, so that the function of frequency expansion is achieved. Through experiments, the frequency conversion loss of the frequency spreading device is obviously lower than that of the frequency spreading of the traditional higher harmonic mixer. Therefore, the spread spectrum device has the advantage of low loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional magnetic field simulation model diagram of the first duplexer in the embodiment of the invention when the mixing frequency is 220-330 GHz;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating simulation test results of a first duplexer with a mixing frequency of 220-330 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional magnetic field simulation model of a second duplexer with a mixing frequency of 220-330 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating simulation test results of a second duplexer with a mixing frequency of 220-330 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the test results of the frequency spreading device of the embodiment of the present invention with the conventional 24 th harmonic mixer when the mixing frequency is 220-330 GHz.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention for those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the specification.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a terahertz band low-loss spectrum analyzer spectrum spreading device, which includes a first duplexer 1, a local oscillation frequency multiplier 2, a band-pass filter 3, an amplifier 4, a second duplexer 5, and a harmonic mixer 6.
A public port of the first duplexer 1 is connected with a frequency spectrograph, and a local oscillator output port of the first duplexer 1 is connected with a local oscillator input port of a second duplexer 5 after passing through a local oscillator frequency multiplier 2, a band-pass filter 3 and an amplifier 4 in sequence; a common port of the second duplexer 5 is connected with a local oscillator or intermediate frequency common port of the harmonic mixer 6, and a radio frequency port of the harmonic mixer 6 receives radio frequency signals; the intermediate frequency output port of the second duplexer 5 is connected to the intermediate frequency input port of the first duplexer 1.
The frequency spreading device of this embodiment inputs the frequency-doubled amplified local oscillator signal into the harmonic mixer 6 to mix with the radio frequency signal after sequentially passing the local oscillator signal output from the extended port of the frequency spectrograph through the local oscillator frequency multiplier 2, the band-pass filter 3 and the amplifier 4, and re-inputs the mixed intermediate frequency signal into the frequency spectrograph after passing through the second duplexer 5 and the first duplexer 1, thereby completing the frequency spreading of the frequency spectrograph.
In this embodiment, a design of each unit circuit is specifically taken as an example of a 220-330 GHz low-loss spectrum spectrometer spread spectrum device, and it should be noted that the design of the mixer in other frequency bands is the same.
Before design, an actually used spectrometer needs to be determined, when a mixing frequency is 220-330 GHz, a german technology PXA or an updated series of spectrometers, an FSW series of rodder and schwarz corporation, can be selected to perform frequency expansion, and in this embodiment, a german technology PXA series of spectrometers is selected.
For the design of the low-loss frequency spectrum instrument frequency spreading device with 220-330 GHz, firstly, the frequency multiplication times of the local oscillator frequency multiplier 2 and the harmonic times of the harmonic mixer 6 need to be determined. The limitation is that the upper limit of the local oscillation frequency provided by the German and scientific PXA series spread spectrum port is 14.1GHz, and the harmonic frequency is more than 24 times to realize the frequency mixing of 220-330 GHz. In the embodiment, the coaxial connector can be conveniently adopted to transmit signals below 50GHz, so that the frequency doubling frequency of the local oscillator frequency multiplier 2 is determined to be 3 times, and the local oscillator signals of the PXA can be frequency doubled to 11.25-42.3 GHz. The harmonic order of the harmonic mixer 6 is designed to be 8 orders. Since the intermediate frequency is about 300MHz, the corresponding local oscillator frequency range can be calculated as:
the upper limit value of the local oscillation frequency is (330-0.3) ÷ 8 or 41.2125 GHz;
the lower limit value of the local oscillation frequency is (220-0.3) ÷ 8, 27.4625 GHz.
Namely, the corresponding local oscillator frequency range is 27.4625-41.2125 GHz and is within the local oscillator frequency range after the frequency tripling. Therefore, the designed harmonic frequency is reasonable and can be realized.
Referring to fig. 2, the first duplexer 1 of this embodiment adopts a microstrip structure or a suspended microstrip structure, so as to facilitate integration, and the first duplexer 1 transmits the local oscillator signal output by the spectrum expansion port of the spectrum analyzer to the local oscillator frequency multiplier 2, and simultaneously can transmit the intermediate frequency signal output by the second duplexer 5 to the spectrum expansion port of the spectrum analyzer. Referring to fig. 3, it can be seen from the simulation test results that the transmission loss S13 from port 3 to port 1 of the duplexer is better than 0.3dB in the range of DC-2 GHz; the transmission loss S21 from the port 1 to the port 2 in the range of 8-17 GHz is better than 2dB, so that the first duplexer 1 enables the local oscillator and the intermediate frequency signals to be transmitted to the corresponding ports in a directional mode.
The local oscillator frequency multiplier 2 is a frequency tripler and is used for multiplying the frequency of the local oscillator signals of 9.125-13.71 GHz to 27.4625-41.2125 GHz. Frequency multipliers with other multiplying powers can be arranged according to actual needs.
The band-pass filter 3 adopts a parallel short-circuit line broadband band-pass filter structure, and the structure has the advantages of wide bandwidth and low loss. The passband of the band-pass filter 3 is the local oscillator signal after the triple frequency, namely 27.4625-41.2125 GHz, and by arranging the band-pass filter 3 behind the local oscillator frequency multiplier 2, clutter except the triple frequency generated by the local oscillator frequency multiplier 2 during the frequency multiplication can be filtered out, and the influence of the clutter on subsequent power amplification and harmonic mixing is avoided.
The amplifier 4 adopts an amplifier chip with the model of IPA-1550B, and amplifies the frequency tripled local oscillation signal power to the optimal local oscillation power required by the harmonic mixer 6.
Referring to fig. 4, the second duplexer 5 of the present embodiment also adopts a microstrip structure or a suspended microstrip structure, so as to facilitate integration, and the second duplexer 5 transmits the local oscillator signal after frequency doubling and amplification to the harmonic mixer 6 to mix with the radio frequency signal, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal generated by mixing in the harmonic mixer 6 to the first duplexer 1. As shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen from the simulation test results that the transmission loss S13 of the duplexer from port 3 to port 1 in the range of DC 2GHz is better than 0.3 dB; the transmission loss S21 from the port 1 to the port 2 in the range of 25-43 GHz is better than 2dB, so that the local oscillator and the intermediate frequency signal after frequency multiplication amplification can be directionally transmitted to the corresponding ports.
The harmonic mixer 6 is a two-port mixer, adopts a planar microstrip structure, and is convenient for upgrading and integrating subsequent circuits. The harmonic mixer 6 of this embodiment has only two ports, i.e., a radio frequency port and a local oscillator/intermediate frequency shared port, where the radio frequency port is used to receive a radio frequency signal, and the local oscillator/intermediate frequency shared port receives a local oscillator signal on one hand and outputs an intermediate frequency signal on the other hand. The terahertz frequency band higher harmonic mixing can be realized by matching with the units. The local oscillation signal enters the harmonic mixer 6 for eighth harmonic mixing after triple frequency multiplication, filtering and power amplification, and the intermediate frequency signal after mixing passes through the second duplexer 5 and the first duplexer 1 in sequence and is output to the frequency spectrograph. Thereby realizing the spread spectrum function. It should be noted that the conversion loss of the harmonic mixer 6 can be further significantly reduced by using a waveguide/suspended microstrip structure.
Referring to fig. 6, the test results of the spread spectrum device of the present embodiment compared with the conventional harmonic mixer show that the conversion loss of the present embodiment is significantly lower than that of the conventional harmonic mixer. Therefore, the spread spectrum device has the advantage of low loss.
The spreading method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and S1, sending the local oscillation signal output by the frequency spectrograph to the first duplexer 1.
And S2, the first duplexer 1 sends the local oscillation signal to the local oscillation frequency multiplier 2 to carry out frequency multiplication processing according to the set multiplying power.
And S3, the local oscillator signal after frequency multiplication passes through the band-pass filter 3, the amplifier 4 and the second duplexer 5 in sequence and then is transmitted to the harmonic mixer 6.
S4, the harmonic mixer 6 mixes the local oscillation signal with the radio frequency signal, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal generated by mixing to the first duplexer 1 through the second duplexer 5.
S5, the first duplexer 1 transmits the mixed if signal to the spectrometer.
The setting magnification in step S2 can be set by itself according to the mixing frequency to be actually realized. If the frequency spectrograph is a german technology PXA series frequency spectrograph, the frequency doubling frequency of the local oscillator frequency multiplier 2 is designed to be 3 times, and the frequency doubling frequency of the harmonic mixer 6 is designed to be 8 times.
The frequency spreading device of the embodiment can directly extend the working frequency of the main machine of the frequency spectrograph to a terahertz frequency band (which can reach more than 1 THz), even if the frequency of the main machine is very low. For example, a PXA spectrometer host with Keysight upper limit operating frequency of 26.5GHz can be directly extended to a terahertz frequency band. The frequency spreading device provided by the embodiment has a simple structure, the input signal is directly accessed to the harmonic mixer 6 without switching and selecting a frequency conversion channel, and the local oscillator of the mixer is provided by a frequency spectrograph. The spectrum spreading method provided by the embodiment can be used in combination with a spectrum spreading option of a spectrum analyzer, frequency and harmonic frequency can be directly designed in the spectrum analyzer, and the frequency of the terahertz signal to be detected can be directly displayed on the spectrum analyzer after internal processing of the spectrum analyzer.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above-mentioned embodiments only represent embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a terahertz wave section low-loss frequency spectrograph spread spectrum device which characterized in that: the frequency-division multiplexing device comprises a first duplexer (1), a local oscillator frequency multiplier (2), a band-pass filter (3), an amplifier (4), a second duplexer (5) and a harmonic mixer (6);
a public port of the first duplexer (1) is connected with a frequency spectrograph, and a local oscillator output port of the first duplexer (1) is connected with a local oscillator input port of a second duplexer (5) after passing through a local oscillator frequency multiplier (2), a band-pass filter (3) and an amplifier (4) in sequence;
a common port of the second duplexer (5) is connected with a local oscillator or an intermediate frequency common port of a harmonic mixer (6), and a radio frequency port of the harmonic mixer (6) receives radio frequency signals;
and the intermediate frequency output port of the second duplexer (5) is connected with the intermediate frequency input port of the first duplexer (1).
2. The terahertz waveband low-loss spectrometer spread spectrum device of claim 1, wherein: the first duplexer (1) and the second duplexer (5) both adopt a microstrip structure or a suspended microstrip structure.
3. The terahertz waveband low-loss spectrometer spread spectrum device of claim 1, wherein: the local oscillator frequency multiplier (2) is a frequency tripler.
4. The terahertz waveband low-loss spectrometer spread spectrum device according to claim 1, wherein: the band-pass filter (3) adopts a parallel short-circuit line broadband band-pass filter structure.
5. The terahertz waveband low-loss spectrometer spread spectrum device of claim 1, wherein: the amplifier (4) adopts an amplifier chip, and the model is IPA-1550B.
6. The terahertz waveband low-loss spectrometer spread spectrum device of claim 1, wherein: the harmonic mixer (6) is a two-port mixer and adopts a planar microstrip structure.
7. A spectrum spreading method comprising the terahertz waveband low-loss spectrometer spectrum spreading device of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sending the local oscillation signal output by the frequency spectrograph to a first duplexer (1);
s2, the first duplexer (1) sends the local oscillation signal to the local oscillation frequency multiplier (2) to carry out frequency multiplication processing according to a set multiplying power;
s3, the local oscillator signal after frequency multiplication passes through the band-pass filter (3), the amplifier (4) and the second duplexer (5) in sequence and then is transmitted to the harmonic mixer (6);
s4, the harmonic mixer (6) mixes the local oscillation signal with the radio frequency signal, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal generated by mixing to the first duplexer (1) through the second duplexer (5);
and S5, the first duplexer (1) transmits the mixed intermediate frequency signal to the frequency spectrograph.
8. The terahertz waveband low-loss frequency spectrograph frequency spreading method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the setting magnification in step S2 can be set by itself according to the mixing frequency that is actually to be realized.
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| CN118412637A (en) * | 2024-07-01 | 2024-07-30 | 电子科技大学(深圳)高等研究院 | Low-loss terahertz harmonic mixer, spread spectrum module and vector network analyzer |
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| CN118412637A (en) * | 2024-07-01 | 2024-07-30 | 电子科技大学(深圳)高等研究院 | Low-loss terahertz harmonic mixer, spread spectrum module and vector network analyzer |
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