CN114759285A - Treatment method of waste lithium ion battery leachate - Google Patents

Treatment method of waste lithium ion battery leachate Download PDF

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CN114759285A
CN114759285A CN202210376537.2A CN202210376537A CN114759285A CN 114759285 A CN114759285 A CN 114759285A CN 202210376537 A CN202210376537 A CN 202210376537A CN 114759285 A CN114759285 A CN 114759285A
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lithium ion
leachate
ion battery
waste lithium
treating
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CN114759285B (en
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张佳峰
彭德招
邹景田
李鹏飞
余桂辉
胡文阳
陆昕宇
王小玮
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Central South University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12Obtaining lithium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery recovery, and discloses a method for treating a leachate of a waste lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: adding a complexing agent into the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery, and constructing an electrolytic tank with an electrolysis counter electrode; and (3) alternately applying asymmetric forward voltage and reverse voltage to the electrolytic cell until the concentration of impurity metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery reaches the expectation. The method for removing the metal impurity ions in the lithium ion battery leaching solution can solve the problems of low impurity removal efficiency, serious loss of valuable metal lithium and great environmental pollution in the prior art.

Description

Treatment method of waste lithium ion battery leachate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery recovery, and particularly relates to purification and impurity removal of lithium-containing leachate.
Background
The recycling of the waste lithium ion battery is a necessary requirement for realizing long-term sustainable development in China. The method for treating the waste lithium ion battery in the current battery enterprise comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining anode powder through pretreatment, then, carrying out heat treatment on the anode powder to obtain a baked material, and carrying out acid leaching, washing, impurity removal, extraction, lithium precipitation and other steps on the baked material to obtain battery-grade lithium carbonate and other valuable metal salts. In order to obtain high-purity battery-grade lithium carbonate (YST 582-.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for treating the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery, which has the advantages of simple process flow, environmental protection, no pollution, high impurity ion removal efficiency and low loss of valuable element lithium.
Carrying out processes of discharging, disassembling, removing a current collector, floating and the like on the waste lithium ion battery to obtain positive active substance powder of the waste lithium ion battery; the anode active material powder of the waste lithium ion battery is leached by a wet method to obtain lithium-containing ions and a small amount of impurity metal ions such as Al3+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Fe3+The leachate of the waste lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions.
A treatment method of a waste lithium ion battery leachate comprises the following steps: adding a complexing agent into the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery, and constructing an electrolytic tank with an electrolytic counter electrode; and (3) alternately applying asymmetric forward voltage and reverse voltage to the electrolytic cell until the concentration of impurity metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery reaches the expectation.
The complexing agent and the impurity metal ions form a negatively charged complex, and the negatively charged impurity metal complex and the lithium ions migrate in opposite directions by applying a positive voltage to form a lithium ion-rich region and an impurity ion-rich region at the cathode and the anode, respectively. Applying reverse voltage to the carbon rod electrode in the impurity ion enriching region to obtain electrons, and performing reduction reaction to reduce and deposit impurity metal ions on the carbon rod electrode; the carbon rod electrode in the lithium ion enrichment area loses electrons, oxidation reaction occurs, and water is decomposed to generate oxygen.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the complexing agent is at least one of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), EDTA-2Na (disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate), and H-501 (organic polyphosphoric acid polymer), and more preferably EDTA.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the added molar amount of the complexing agent to the molar amount of the impurity metal ions is 0.3 to 1.2: 1.
further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the counter electrode is a modified carbon rod electrode or an inert electrode.
Further, the inert electrode is a platinum electrode.
The counter electrode is preferably a modified carbon rod electrode which can improve the reduction potential of the impurity metal ions.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the forward voltage is 3 to 7V, preferably 3 to 5V; the reverse voltage is 6-14V, preferably 10-14V.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the duration of the forward voltage is less than the duration of the reverse voltage.
Furthermore, the duration time of the forward voltage is 0.2-0.7 ms, and the duration time of the reverse voltage is 1-3 ms.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises the following steps: introducing CO into the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery with the impurity metal ion concentration of less than 10ppm2Then evaporating and concentrating to obtain lithium carbonate and a concentrated solution containing a complexing agent; and recycling the concentrated solution containing the complexing agent.
The method removes the impurity metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery by applying the asymmetric alternating voltage, and has the following obvious beneficial effects:
(1) the process for separating and purifying the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery is simple, the use of a large amount of chemical additives in the traditional chemical precipitation process is avoided, the environment is protected, the separation and purification cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is greater;
(2) various metal ion impurities such as Cu possibly contained in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery2+、 Al3+、 Fe2+、 Fe3+、 Ni2+、 Co2+、 Mn2+、 Ca2+、 Mg2+The method has good removing effect, and the whole process can not cause lithium element loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the application of an asymmetric alternating voltage.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, which are given by way of illustration and explanation only and should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the following example with asymmetric alternating voltage applied, with alternating forward and reverse voltages, cyclically alternating.
Example 1
The contents of the main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium battery to be treated are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure 142250DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Adding 6 g of EDTA solid into 100 ml of waste lithium ion battery leachate, and stirring and dissolving in water bath at 60 ℃. Then the carbon rod electrode and a modified carbon rod electrode with amidoxime functional groups form an electrolytic bath. The voltage of 0.5 ms forward direction 5V is applied to the electrolytic cell, and then the voltage of 2 ms reverse direction 10V is applied to the electrolytic cell, and the steps are alternately repeated for 30 min. The concentration of the main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery is detected, and the result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure 964712DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Comparing the data in tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that Li+The removal rate of (2) was 0.16%, Cu2+The removal rate of (2) was 99.54%, and Al was contained3+The removal rate of (2) was 73.03%, and the removal rate of Fe ions was 97.51%. The removal rate of impurity ions is very high, and the loss of valuable lithium is very small.
Example 2
The contents of main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium batteries to be treated are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure 44795DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Adding 6 g of EDTA-2Na solid into 100 ml of the waste lithium ion battery leachate, and stirring and dissolving at normal temperature. Then the electrolytic cell is formed by the electrode and a modified carbon rod electrode with amidoxime functional groups. The voltage of 6V in forward direction was applied for 0.4 ms, and then 13V in reverse direction was applied for 1.5 ms, and the process was repeated alternately for 30 min. The concentration of the main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery is detected, and the result is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
Figure 243695DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Comparing the data in tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that Li+The removal rate of (2) was 0.25%, Cu2+The removal rate of (1) was 99.56%, and Al was contained3+The removal rate of (2) was 79.81%, and the removal rate of Fe ions was 96.03%. The removal rate of impurity ions is very high, and the loss of valuable lithium is very small.
Example 3
The contents of main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium batteries to be treated are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
Figure 912574DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Adding 7 g of STPP solid into 100 ml of waste lithium ion battery leachate, and stirring and dissolving in a water bath at normal temperature. Then the carbon rod electrode and a modified carbon rod electrode with amidoxime functional groups form an electrolytic bath. The voltage of 0.7ms forward direction 4V is applied to the electrolytic cell, and then the voltage of 3 ms reverse direction 7V is applied to the electrolytic cell, and the steps are alternately repeated for 30 min. The concentration of the main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery is detected, and the result is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6
Figure 640358DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Comparing the data in tables 5 and 6, it can be seen that Li+The removal rate of (2) was 0.14%, Cu2+The removal rate of (2) was 99.57%, and Al was contained3+The removal rate of (2) was 46.98%, and the removal rate of Fe ions was 63.81%. The removal rate of impurity ions is very high, and the loss of valuable lithium is very small.
Example 4
The contents of main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium batteries to be treated are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7
Figure 394687DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Adding 6 g of EDTA solid into 100 ml of waste lithium ion battery leachate, and stirring and dissolving in water bath at 60 ℃. Then the carbon rod electrode and a modified carbon rod electrode with amidoxime functional groups form an electrolytic bath. The voltage of 0.5 ms forward direction 5V is applied to the electrolytic cell, and then the voltage of 2 ms reverse direction 10V is applied to the electrolytic cell, and the steps are alternately repeated for 30 min. The concentration of the main metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery is detected, and the result is shown in table 8.
TABLE 8
Figure 131699DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Comparing the data in tables 7 and 8, it can be seen that Li+The removal rate of (2) was 0.19%, Cu2+The removal rate of (2) was 99.55%, and Al was contained3+The removal rate of (2) was 72.20%, the removal rate of Fe ions was 99.48%, and Ni2+The removal rate of (3) was 81.02%, Co2+The removal rate of (2) was 87.20%, and Mn was2+The removal rate of (2) is 85.59%, the removal rate of impurity ions is very high, and the loss of valuable lithium is very small.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A treatment method of a leachate of a waste lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding a complexing agent into the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery, and constructing an electrolytic tank with an electrolysis counter electrode; and (3) alternately applying asymmetric forward voltage and asymmetric reverse voltage to the electrolytic cell until the concentration of impurity metal ions in the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery reaches the expectation.
2. The method for treating the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the complexing agent is at least one of EDTA, EDTA-2Na, STPP and H-501.
3. The method for treating the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the added molar amount of the complexing agent to the molar amount of the impurity metal ions is 0.3-1.2: 1.
4. the method for treating leachate of spent lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the counter electrode is a modified carbon rod electrode or an inert electrode.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the inert electrode is a platinum electrode.
6. The method for treating the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forward voltage is 3-7V; the reverse voltage is 6-14V.
7. The method for treating leachate of spent lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the duration of the forward voltage is lower than the duration of the reverse voltage.
8. The method for treating the leachate of waste lithium ion batteries according to claim 7, wherein the duration of the forward voltage is 0.2 to 0.7ms, and the duration of the reverse voltage is 1 to 3 ms.
9. The method for treating the leachate of waste lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: introducing CO into the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery with the expected concentration of impurity metal ions2Then evaporating and concentrating to obtain lithium carbonate and a concentrated solution containing a complexing agent.
10. The method for treating the leachate of the waste lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentrated solution containing the complexing agent is returned for recycling.
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CN116043042A (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-05-02 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司韶关冶炼厂 Method for recycling gallium from gallium arsenide waste

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