CN114759176A - NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114759176A
CN114759176A CN202210408967.8A CN202210408967A CN114759176A CN 114759176 A CN114759176 A CN 114759176A CN 202210408967 A CN202210408967 A CN 202210408967A CN 114759176 A CN114759176 A CN 114759176A
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nise
cnt
composite
positive electrode
lithium
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任慢慢
王贺
卢龙泉
刘伟良
杨铭志
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Qilu University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/364Composites as mixtures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of electrode materials of lithium-sulfur batteries, and particularly relates to NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery anode material and preparation method thereof. The anode material of the invention takes the carbon nano tube as the carbon-based material, NiSe2The nano particles are uniformly compounded on the carbon nano tube to form NiSe2-CNT composite with elemental sulfur supported on said NiSe2-a CNT composite. The invention adopts a solvothermal method to synthesize NiSe2-a composite of CNTs for use in a lithium sulphur battery positive electrode after sulphur loading. The electrode material prepared by the invention takes the carbon nano tube as the carbon-based material and is compounded with NiSe2Compared with the traditional electrode material, the nano particles have more excellent adsorbability, higher electron and ion transmission performance, and greatly improved cycle stability and electrochemical performance.

Description

NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of electrode materials of lithium-sulfur batteries, and particularly relates to NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode materialAnd a method for preparing the same.
Background
Lithium sulfur batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant positive sulfur raw materials, but the low conductivity of sulfur itself and the "shuttling effect" of polysulfides have affected their practical applications. Elemental sulfur and its discharge products (Li) in lithium sulfur batteries 2S) is low in conductivity, and the low conductivity can cause the conversion power of sulfur to be slow, so that the electrochemical performance of the lithium-sulfur battery is poor; during the charging and discharging processes of the lithium-sulfur battery, some high-order polysulfide can be dissolved in the organic electrolyte, so that the viscosity of the electrolyte is greatly increased, and the transmission rate of Li & lt + & gt in the electrochemical reaction process is slowed down; the structural change of the active substance can cause the electrode material to have larger volume expansion, and the repeated volume change can destroy the performance and the structure of the electrode material, reduce the stability of the electrode material and rapidly reduce the capacity of the electrode.
Therefore, there is a need to find suitable host materials to improve conductivity, suppress shuttling effects, and mitigate volume expansion. Carbon materials are often used as host materials for sulfur, and a conductive network is directly constructed by using the carbon materials, so that the condition of poor conductivity of elemental sulfur can be relieved, and the conductivity of the material is improved. However, the physical adsorption of a single carbon material does not inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfide very well, so the modification of the carbon material has been widely studied.
The carbon material modification mainly comprises design of porous materials, composite metal compounds and heteroatom doping. The porous structure of the carbon material can effectively contain elemental sulfur and confine the elemental sulfur in the porous structure. Thus, higher sulfur loadings can be achieved and volume changes during cycling can be further mitigated. The hole wall is used as a physical barrier, and sulfur is wrapped in the hole to generate charge transfer reaction, so that the diffusion of polysulfide is prevented, and the shuttle effect is inhibited; inorganic materials such as transition metal oxides, sulfides and selenides can provide abundant adsorption sites, carry out chemical adsorption on polysulfides, and improve the cycle stability of the battery; the heteroatom doping comprises non-metal atom doping and metal single atom doping, and the electronic structure and polarity of the carbon material can be fundamentally changed by the heteroatom doping. Therefore, the heteroatom-doped carbon material has stronger chemical adsorption capacity to polysulfide, and the capacity and the cycling stability of the material are improved.
Significant progress has been made in the research on the modification of carbon materials, but due to the complexity, low yield and high cost of the modification process, there is a great distance to production and commercialization. Therefore, the modified carbon material which is simple, easy to operate, multifunctional and low in cost is developed, and more ideas can be provided for the research of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery anode material and preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery anode material, which takes carbon nano-tube as carbon-based material, NiSe2The nano particles are uniformly compounded on the carbon nano tube to form NiSe2-CNT composite with elemental sulfur supported on said NiSe2-a CNT composite. In NiSe2In the CNT composite material, the carbon nano tube can realize high-efficiency ion and electron transmission and can play a role in physical adsorption on polysulfide, and in addition, the special hollow tubular structure can relieve the volume expansion of the polysulfide in the electrochemical reaction process; uniformly compounding a large amount of polar NiSe on the carbon nano tube 2The particles can improve the chemical adsorption to polysulfide and accelerate the oxidation-reduction reaction kinetic process of polysulfide, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the lithium-sulfur battery.
The above NiSe2The preparation method of the CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing nickel salt and urea in deionized water, ultrasonically stirring, adding CNT, stirring for 10-20min, and transferring into a reaction kettle for reaction;
(2) using ethanol and water to centrifugally wash the product obtained in the step (1) for 3-5 times, and drying at 60 ℃;
(3) mixing the dried product obtained in the step (2) with a selenium source and uniformly grinding;
(4) transferring the uniformly ground mixture obtained in the step (3) into a tubular furnace for calcination to obtain NiSe2-a CNT composite;
(5) NiSe obtained in the step (4)2-the mass ratio of CNT composite material to sulfur powder is 3: 7 mixing and grinding uniformly, annealing for 12h at 155 ℃ under the atmosphere of argon to prepare NiSe2-CNT/S lithium sulfur battery positive electrode material.
The invention adopts a solvothermal method to synthesize NiSe2-a composite of CNTs for use in a lithium sulphur battery positive electrode after sulphur loading. The electrode material prepared by the invention takes the carbon nano tube as the carbon-based material and is compounded with NiSe2Compared with the traditional electrode material, the nano particles have more excellent adsorbability, higher electron and ion transmission performance, and greatly improved cycle stability and electrochemical performance.
Preferably, in the step (1), the nickel salt is nickel nitrate hexahydrate, and the molar ratio of the nickel salt to the urea is (2-4) to (50-100); the mass volume ratio of the nickel salt to the deionized water is (0.58-1.16): (50-80), unit, g/mL.
Further preferably, the molar ratio of nickel salt to urea is 2: 50; the mass-to-volume ratio of the nickel salt to the deionized water is 0.58:70, unit, g/mL.
According to the invention, in the step (1), the reaction temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle is 100-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-12 h.
Further preferably, the reaction temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle is 120 ℃, and the reaction time is 6 h.
According to the invention, in the step (3), the selenium source is selenium powder, and the mass ratio of the product to the selenium source is (0.1-0.3) to (0.2-0.6).
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the product to the selenium source is 0.15: 0.30.
Preferably, in step (4), the mixture is placed in a tube furnace for selenization at the temperature of 500-.
Further preferably, the selenization temperature is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Advantageous effects
The invention discloses a NiSe2Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The invention provides a NiSe alloy2The CNT/S composite material has a unique hollow tubular structure, not only provides physical adsorption for polysulfide, but also can inhibit the volume change of polysulfide in the charging and discharging processes; NiSe2Provides stronger chemical adsorption and activation sites for chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion. NiSe2The polar effect of the electrolyte can relieve the dissolution of soluble polysulfide, inhibit the shuttle effect of the soluble polysulfide and improve the capacity and the cycle performance of the battery; the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material prepared by the invention has higher electron and ion transmission, better cycling stability and better electrochemical performance. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy operation and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows NiSe obtained by the present invention2-XRD pattern of CNT composite;
FIG. 2 shows NiSe obtained by the present invention2-SEM image of CNT composite;
FIG. 3 shows NiSe obtained by the present invention2Long cycle performance profile of CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur batteries.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Before the description is made, it should be understood that the terms used in the present specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, but interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present invention on the basis of the principle that the inventor is allowed to define terms appropriately for the best explanation. Accordingly, the description proposed herein is just a preferable example for the purpose of illustrations only, not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so it should be understood that other equivalents and modifications could be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, reagents and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available products.
Example 1
NiSe2-a CNT/S composite lithium sulphur battery positive electrode material prepared by the following method:
dispersing 0.58g of nickel nitrate and 3g of urea in 70mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically stirring until the nickel nitrate and the urea are completely dissolved; then adding 0.1g of CNT, stirring for 15min, transferring into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 6h at 100 ℃; after the reaction is finished, centrifugally washing the product for 3-5 times by using ethanol and water, and then drying the product in an oven at 60 ℃; weighing 0.15g of dried product, mixing with 0.3g of selenium powder, and uniformly grinding; then transferring the mixture into a tube furnace to calcine for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain NiSe2-a CNT composite; then NiSe is added2-the mass ratio of CNT composite material to sulfur powder is 3: 7 mixing and grinding uniformly, and annealing at 155 ℃ for 12h in argon atmosphere to obtain NiSe2-CNT/S lithium sulfur battery positive electrode material.
Through detection, the initial discharge capacity of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material obtained in the embodiment can reach 852mAh/g at the current density of 1C.
Example 2
NiSe2-a CNT/S composite lithium sulphur battery positive electrode material prepared by the following method:
dispersing 1.16g of nickel nitrate and 3g of urea in 70mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically stirring until the nickel nitrate and the urea are completely dissolved; then adding 0.2g of CNT, stirring for 15min, transferring into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 6h at 120 ℃; after the reaction is finished, centrifugally washing the product for 3-5 times by using ethanol and water, and then drying the product in an oven at 60 ℃; weighing 0.2g of dried product, mixing with 0.6g of selenium powder, and uniformly grinding; then transferring the mixture into a tube furnace to calcine for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain NiSe2-a CNT composite; then NiSe is added2-the mass ratio of CNT composite material to sulfur powder is 3: 7 mixingGrinding uniformly, annealing at 155 ℃ for 12h in argon atmosphere to obtain NiSe2-CNT/S lithium sulfur battery positive electrode material.
According to the detection, the initial discharge capacity of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material obtained in the embodiment can reach 814mAh/g at the current density of 1C.
Example 3
NiSe2-a CNT/S composite lithium sulphur battery positive electrode material prepared by the following method:
dispersing 1.16g of nickel nitrate and 3g of urea in 70mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically stirring until the nickel nitrate and the urea are completely dissolved; then adding 0.1g of CNT, stirring for 15min, transferring into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 6h at 120 ℃; after the reaction is finished, the product is centrifugally washed for 3-5 times by using ethanol and water, and then is put into an oven for drying at 60 ℃; weighing 0.3g of dried product, mixing with 0.6g of selenium powder, and uniformly grinding; then transferring the mixture into a tube furnace to calcine for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain NiSe 2-a CNT composite; then NiSe is added2-the mass ratio of CNT composite material to sulfur powder is 3: 7 mixing and grinding evenly, annealing for 12h at 155 ℃ under the atmosphere of argon, and obtaining NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium sulphur battery positive electrode material.
Through detection, the initial discharge capacity of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material obtained in the embodiment can reach 762mAh/g under the current density of 1C.
Examples of the experiments
NiSe obtained by the invention2The XRD pattern of the/CN composite material is shown in figure 1, and the result shows that all characteristic peaks of the composite material obtained by the invention can be matched with NiSe2(JCPDE NO:41-1495) has a matched standard diffraction pattern, better crystallinity and NO other miscellaneous peaks.
NiSe2SEM spectrum of CNT composite material is shown in FIG. 2, and the result shows that NiSe obtained by the invention2The nano particles can be uniformly compounded on the carbon nano tubes, the particle size is uniform, and the overall distribution is uniform.
NiSe2Long cycle performance curve of CNT/S composite positive electrode material lithium-sulfur battery as shown in fig. 3, the result shows that the positive electrode material of lithium-sulfur battery obtained by the present invention has higher initial capacity and has good performanceHas better cycling stability, NiSe2The nano particles have stronger adsorption capacity to polysulfide in the electrochemical reaction process, can accelerate the transformation of the polysulfide, inhibit the shuttle effect of the polysulfide and improve the cycle stability of the battery.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.

Claims (10)

1. NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material, characterized in that the positive electrode material uses carbon nanotubes as carbon-based material, NiSe2The nano particles are uniformly compounded on the carbon nano tube to form NiSe2-CNT composite with elemental sulfur supported on said NiSe2-a CNT composite.
2. NiSe2-a method for preparing a positive electrode material for a CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery, comprising the steps of:
(1) dispersing nickel salt and urea in deionized water, ultrasonically stirring, adding CNT, stirring, and then transferring into a reaction container for reaction;
(2) centrifugally washing and drying a reaction product in the step (1);
(3) mixing the dried product in the step (2) with a selenium source and uniformly grinding;
(4) Calcining the uniformly ground mixture in the step (3) to obtain NiSe2-a CNT composite;
(5) NiSe obtained in the step (4)2Mixing the CNT composite material with sulfur powder, grinding uniformly, annealing to obtain NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material.
3. The NiSe of claim 22The preparation method of the CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery cathode material is characterized in that in the step (1), the nickel salt is nickel nitrate hexahydrate, and the molar ratio of the nickel salt to urea is (2-4): (50-100); the mass volume ratio of the nickel salt to the deionized water is (0.58-1.16): (50-80) in g/mL.
4. The NiSe of claim 22The preparation method of the CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery cathode material is characterized in that in the step (1), a reaction vessel is a high-pressure reaction kettle, the reaction temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle is 100-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-12 h.
5. The NiSe of claim 22The preparation method of the CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material is characterized in that in the step (2), the reaction product is centrifugally washed for 3-5 times by using ethanol and water, and dried at 60 ℃.
6. The NiSe of claim 22The preparation method of the CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material is characterized in that in the step (3), the selenium source is selenium powder, and the mass ratio of the product to the selenium source is (0.1-0.3): (0.2-0.6).
7. The NiSe of claim 22The preparation method of the CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery cathode material is characterized in that in the step (4), the mixture is placed in a tubular furnace for calcination and selenization at the temperature of 500-.
8. The NiSe of claim 22-a method for preparing a CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material, characterized in that, in the step (5), NiSe2-mass ratio of CNT composite to sulfur powder 3: 7.
9. the NiSe of claim 82A preparation method of the CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery anode material,characterized in that in the step (5), the annealing conditions are as follows: annealing at 155 ℃ for 12h under an argon atmosphere.
10. NiSe2-use of a CNT/S composite lithium-sulphur battery positive electrode material, characterized in that it is used for the manufacture of a positive electrode for a lithium-sulphur battery.
CN202210408967.8A 2022-04-19 2022-04-19 NiSe2-CNT/S composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Pending CN114759176A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105206841A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-30 清华大学 Pyritoides additive used in anode of lithium-sulfur battery
CN106025244A (en) * 2016-07-30 2016-10-12 复旦大学 Nickel selenide/graphene/carbon nanotube composite material and preparation method thereof
CN106710885A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-24 吴中区穹窿山天仲高分子材料技术研究所 Nickel selenide/carbon nanotube composite nanometer material and preparation and application thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105206841A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-30 清华大学 Pyritoides additive used in anode of lithium-sulfur battery
CN106025244A (en) * 2016-07-30 2016-10-12 复旦大学 Nickel selenide/graphene/carbon nanotube composite material and preparation method thereof
CN106710885A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-24 吴中区穹窿山天仲高分子材料技术研究所 Nickel selenide/carbon nanotube composite nanometer material and preparation and application thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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杨继生: "表面活性剂原理与应用", 31 December 2012, 东南大学出版社, pages: 250 - 251 *

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