CN114757121A - High-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population number - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population numbers. The invention provides a high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population numbers, which adopts the particle energy level population numbers to represent the state of high-temperature gas, does not depend on the balance assumption that the particle energy levels obey a Boltzmann distribution function, is more fundamental than temperature state parameters, can realize the quantum state resolution of the state of the high-temperature gas, and is more suitable for the research of unbalanced high-temperature gas flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-temperature gas microscopic characteristic research. More specifically, the invention relates to a high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population.
Background
When a hypersonic aircraft, particularly an interplanetary aircraft enters the atmosphere, the hypersonic aircraft faces a gas thermal environment at an extremely high temperature, internal energy modes such as vibration energy and electronic energy of molecules in the gas are excited, chemical reactions such as dissociation, ionization and recombination are strong, processes of radiation transition and particle collision are various, a thermochemical balancing process is complex, and accurate prediction of the aircraft force/thermal environment and aircraft safety are seriously influenced. Accurate diagnosis and research on the thermochemical characteristics of high-temperature gas are the key points of advanced research on the basis of hypersonic flow. In the past, a plurality of temperature parameters such as vibration temperature, rotation temperature, electronic excitation temperature and the like are generally adopted to represent the microscopic state of the high-temperature gas, and the definition of the temperatures is based on the energy level balance hypothesis that the corresponding vibration energy level, rotation energy level and electronic energy level obey a Boltzmann distribution function, so that the energy level unbalance problem research cannot be met. In a hypersonic velocity high enthalpy flow field, the non-equilibrium phenomenon, particularly the molecular vibration energy level non-equilibrium phenomenon, often appears. On the other hand, the current research on the high-temperature gas flow comprises two means of experimental research and numerical simulation research, and the accuracy of numerical calculation is checked by macroscopic parameters such as heat flow, enthalpy value, temperature, pressure and the like measured by experiments. The experimental research and numerical calculation fusion method taking the macroscopic parameters as comparison targets is used for detecting the high-temperature flow macroscopic effect and lacks direct detection on the microscopic thermodynamic process and the chemical reaction process.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
In order to achieve the objects and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for measuring and calculating a fusion of high temperature gas based on particle energy level population is provided, comprising the steps of firstly, obtaining the energy level population of atoms, molecules and ions in the high temperature gas based on various spectral techniques, and establishing a preliminary microscopic theoretical model of the high temperature gas by analyzing the generation mechanism and evolution rule of the particle population;
calculating the high-temperature gas and the macro flow thereof based on a numerical simulation means, comparing and fusing the calculated corresponding particle energy level population with a test measurement result, and finally establishing an accurate and calculable high-temperature gas model through repeated iteration;
the energy level population refers to the distribution number or proportion of atoms, molecules, ions and other particles in the high-temperature gas on different quantum energy levels.
Preferably, in the case of atoms and monoatomic ions, the quantum energy level thereof mainly refers to the electronic state energy level; for molecules and polyatomic ions, the quantum energy levels include electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels.
Preferably, the spectroscopic technique is configured to employ one or a combination of absorption spectroscopy, radiation spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and breakdown spectroscopy that can be correlated with the population of energy levels of the hot gas micro-particles.
Preferably, in the second step, in the calculation of the quantum state resolution of the high-temperature gas by adopting the numerical simulation means, the method is configured to include an equilibrium quantum state indirect calculation based on a boltzmann distribution function and an unbalanced quantum state direct calculation independent of boltzmann distribution hypothesis.
Preferably, in the step one, the energy level population is measured on the microparticles in the upstream and downstream of the high-temperature flow field gas in a certain state through various spectral technology measurements, so as to obtain the content of the particles on a single or multiple energy levels and the evolution characteristics or rules thereof from the upstream to the downstream, thereby representing the state of the high-temperature gas, and further establishing a preliminary high-temperature gas microcosmic theoretical model.
Preferably, in the step one, the preliminary microscopic theoretical model of the high-temperature gas is a numerical calculation model capable of describing internal energy relaxation process and chemical reaction process of the high-temperature gas, and is based on quantum physics as theory, capable of distinguishing quantum states of particle energy levels, and capable of calculating population numbers of particle energy levels.
Preferably, in the second step, the process of contrast fusion is configured to include:
s20, based on the measured upstream high-temperature gas state and the obtained high-temperature gas preliminary microscopic theoretical model, calculating by using a numerical simulation means to obtain the single or multiple energy level particle population number corresponding to the measurement in the downstream of the flow field;
s21, comparing and fusing the population number of the energy level particles and the evolution characteristics or rules thereof respectively obtained by the spectral measurement means and the numerical calculation means, and analyzing the difference between the two, so that the calculation result and the spectral measurement result tend to be consistent by optimizing the high-temperature gas model in the numerical simulation means, and the high-temperature gas optimization micro-theory model is obtained;
and S22, changing the state of the high-temperature flow field, replacing the high-temperature gas preliminary micro-theory model in the first step with the high-temperature gas optimization micro-theory model, and repeating the first step to the second step to correctly describe the gas thermochemical process of the high-temperature gas in different states through the established high-temperature gas optimization micro-theory model.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: in order to realize more accurate representation of the state of the non-equilibrium high-temperature gas and research on the flow effect of the non-equilibrium high-temperature gas, the invention provides a high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on the energy level population number of particles, wherein the energy level population number of atoms, molecules, ions and other particles is used for replacing multiple temperature parameters to represent the microscopic state of the high-temperature gas under a quantum physical framework, and the energy level population number is used as a measurement target of a high-temperature gas test research means and a calculation target of a numerical simulation means, so that the fusion of the two means at the microscopic level is realized, and the high-temperature flow mechanism research is promoted.
Specifically, the effects of the present invention are as follows:
1) the high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on the particle level population provides a bottom-up strategy (from micro to macro) for high-temperature gas flow research, and compared with a conventional top-down strategy (from macro to micro) for carrying out test and calculation means fusion by adopting macroscopic parameters such as heat flow and enthalpy as comparison targets, the high-temperature gas thermochemistry physical model can be more directly verified, and the defect of the top-down strategy in the capability of researching the microscopic characteristics of the high-temperature gas is overcome.
2) The particle energy level population number unifies the basic principle of spectral measurement and a physical model of numerical calculation under a quantum physical theory framework, and the problem that the two measures of measurement and calculation cannot be effectively fused due to the fact that the temperature concepts are inconsistent because the theoretical systems of measurement and calculation are not unified in the past is solved.
3) The particle energy level population number does not need the balance hypothesis that the temperature parameter depends on the particle energy level obeying the Boltzmann distribution function, is more fundamental than the temperature parameter, can realize the quantum state resolution of the high-temperature gas state, and can represent the nature of the non-equilibrium high-temperature gas.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
The invention provides a high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population, as shown in figure 1, the basic process is to obtain the energy level population of atoms, molecules and ions in high-temperature gas by using various spectrum technologies, establish a high-temperature gas preliminary microscopic theoretical model by analyzing the generation mechanism and evolution rule of the particle population, realize the calculation of the high-temperature gas and the macroscopic flow by using a numerical simulation means, compare the calculated corresponding particle energy level population with the test measurement result, repeat iteration in the way, and finally establish an accurate and calculable high-temperature gas model. Because not all the particle energy level population numbers of all the flow areas can be measured, compared with a numerical simulation means, the observable particle population numbers and the evolution characteristics thereof of the experimental measurement means are very few, and the numerical simulation means needs the experimental measurement means to provide basic data support and calculation result detection, so that the two means are required to be mutually iteratively fused to fulfill the aim of deepening the essential understanding of the high-temperature gas.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
measuring energy level population numbers of microscopic particles in upstream and downstream of high-temperature flow field gas in a certain state by using various spectrum measurement technologies to obtain the content of particles on single or multiple energy levels and the evolution characteristics or rules of the content from upstream to downstream, representing the state of the high-temperature gas, and establishing a preliminary microscopic theoretical model of the high-temperature gas;
secondly, calculating to obtain single or multiple energy level particle population numbers corresponding to measurement at the downstream of the flow field by using a numerical simulation means based on the measured upstream high-temperature gas state and the preliminary high-temperature gas micro-theoretical model or other existing models;
comparing and fusing the population numbers of the energy level particles and the evolution characteristics or the evolution rules thereof respectively obtained by the spectral measurement and the numerical calculation, analyzing the differences, and enabling the calculation result to be consistent with the spectral measurement result by improving a high-temperature gas model in the numerical simulation means;
and step four, changing the state of the high-temperature flow field, repeating the processes from the step one to the step three, and replacing the initial high-temperature gas model in the figure 1 with the improved high-temperature gas model. Through a large number of high-temperature flow field experiments in different states, the measurement and calculation fusion method provided by the invention can ensure that the high-temperature gas thermochemical model can correctly describe the gas thermochemical process of high-temperature gas in all or most states, so as to achieve the purpose of deepening the understanding of the nature of the high-temperature gas.
The population number of the energy level of the high-temperature gas particles refers to the distribution number or proportion of atoms, molecules, ions and other particles in the high-temperature gas on different quantum energy levels. For atoms and monoatomic ions, the quantum energy level thereof mainly refers to the electronic state energy level; for molecules and polyatomic ions, the quantum energy levels include electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels.
The population number of the energy level of the particles is measured by a spectral technique method, which comprises various absorption spectrum techniques, spontaneous emission spectrum techniques, stimulated emission spectrum techniques and the like. In particular, the spectral measurement technology is a spectral technology or a combination of spectral technologies, wherein the absorption spectral technology, the radiation spectral technology, the fluorescence spectral technology, the breakdown spectral technology and the like can be associated with the energy level population of the high-temperature gas micro-particles.
The high-temperature gas model is a numerical calculation model which can describe the internal energy relaxation process and the chemical reaction process of the high-temperature gas, can distinguish the quantum state of the energy level of the particles and can calculate the population number of the energy level of the particles on the basis of quantum physics as a theoretical basis.
The numerical simulation means can perform high-temperature gas quantum state resolution calculation, including equilibrium quantum state indirect calculation based on a Boltzmann distribution function and non-equilibrium quantum state direct calculation independent of Boltzmann distribution hypothesis. The numerical simulation means can calculate the particle energy level population number and the evolution rule thereof which cannot be measured by the spectrum technical means by reasonably extrapolating through a high-temperature gas model on the basis of the particle energy level population number and the evolution rule thereof measured by the spectrum technical means so as to reveal more comprehensive high-temperature gas characteristics.
The generating equipment of the high-temperature flow field comprises an electric arc heating device, an electric arc wind tunnel, a high-frequency induction plasma heating device, a high-frequency induction plasma wind tunnel, a combustion wind tunnel, a shock tube, a shock wave wind tunnel, a high-enthalpy expansion tube wind tunnel and other equipment capable of generating high-temperature gas and enabling the high-temperature gas to flow rapidly.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population numbers, which is different from the conventional method that the temperature is taken as a high-temperature gas state parameter, the energy level population numbers of particles such as atoms, molecules and ions are adopted to represent the high-temperature gas state, and the high-temperature gas state is taken as a measurement target of a high-temperature gas test research means and a calculation target of a numerical simulation means, so that the effective fusion of the two means is promoted, and the hypersonic high-temperature gas unbalanced flow research method is expanded. Compared with a measurement and calculation fusion method adopting temperature parameters as high-temperature gas state representation parameters, the method adopts the particle energy level population number to represent the high-temperature gas state, does not rely on the balance assumption that the particle energy level obeys the Boltzmann distribution function, is more fundamental than the temperature state parameters, can realize the quantum state resolution of the high-temperature gas state, and is more suitable for the research of unbalanced high-temperature gas flow.
The embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, the ground state (3P) and excited state (5S, 5P, 3S, 3P) of oxygen atom (O) in the high temperature gas are used as the measurement and calculation objects, and the method of the present invention is described in detail, so that the researchers in the field can implement the method according to the description.
A high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population number comprises the following steps:
measuring an electronic ground state (namely 3P state) of an O atom by respectively utilizing a laser induced fluorescence technology at the upstream and downstream of a high-temperature flow field in a certain state, and obtaining a 3P state energy level population number through fluorescence signal intensity; measuring O atom electron excited states (5S and 3S) by using a laser absorption spectroscopy technology, and obtaining energy level population numbers of 5S and 3S through laser absorption signal intensity; the excited states (5P and 3P) of O atom electrons were measured by spontaneous emission spectroscopy, and the energy level distributions of 5P and 3P were obtained from the radiation intensities. Comparing evolution laws of the ground states and excited states of the upstream and downstream O atoms, and establishing a preliminary compound reaction model of the O atoms from the upstream to the downstream, for example, in the process of changing the high-temperature gas from the upstream to the downstream, if population numbers of the ground state and the excited state have the same change law, the participation degree of the ground state and the excited state in the compound reaction is consistent, the ground state and the excited state O atoms may have the same reaction channel and the same reaction rate parameter, otherwise, different reaction channels and reaction rate parameters need to be set for the ground state and the excited state.
Calculating to obtain the population numbers of ground-state and excited-state energy level particles corresponding to the measurement in the downstream of the flow field by using a numerical simulation means based on the measured upstream O atomic level population numbers and the preliminary composite reaction model;
step three, comparing and fusing the measured and calculated ground state and excited state energy level population numbers of the downstream O atoms, analyzing the difference between the ground state and excited state energy level population numbers, and improving reaction rate parameters in an O atom composite reaction model to enable the calculated result and the measured result to be consistent;
and step four, changing the state of the high-temperature flow field for multiple times, repeating the processes from the step one to the step three, and continuously performing iterative improvement on the composite reaction model by modifying the reaction channel and the reaction rate parameter until the O atom composite reaction model is applicable to the high-temperature flow field in most states, thereby achieving the purpose of establishing the accurate O atom composite reaction model in the high-temperature gas.
The above scheme is merely illustrative of a preferred example, and is not limiting. In the implementation of the invention, appropriate replacement and/or modification can be carried out according to the requirements of users.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended that they be limited to the applications set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method based on particle energy level population is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, measuring and obtaining energy level population numbers of atoms, molecules and ions in high-temperature gas based on various spectrum technologies, and establishing a high-temperature gas primary micro theoretical model by analyzing a generation mechanism and an evolution rule of the particle population numbers;
calculating the high-temperature gas and the macro flow thereof based on a numerical simulation means, comparing and fusing the calculated corresponding particle energy level population with a test measurement result, and finally establishing an accurate and calculable high-temperature gas model through repeated iteration;
the energy level population number refers to the distribution number or proportion of atoms, molecules, ions and other particles in the high-temperature gas on different quantum energy levels.
2. The particle energy level population based high temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method of claim 1 wherein for atomic and monatomic ions, their quantum energy levels include the energy level of the finger electron state; for molecules and polyatomic ions, the quantum energy levels include electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels.
3. The particle energy level population based hot gas measurement and calculation fusion method of claim 1, wherein the spectroscopy is configured to employ one or a combination of spectroscopy of absorption spectroscopy, radiation spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, breakdown spectroscopy that can be correlated with hot gas micro-particle energy level population.
4. The particle energy level population-based hot gas measurement and calculation fusion method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, in the calculation of the quantum state resolution of the hot gas by using the numerical simulation means, the method is configured to include an equilibrium quantum state indirect calculation based on a boltzmann distribution function and an unbalanced quantum state direct calculation independent of boltzmann distribution assumptions.
5. The method for measuring, calculating and fusing the high-temperature gas based on the particle energy level population number as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the energy level population number is measured by various spectral techniques to obtain the particle content at a single or multiple energy levels and the evolution characteristics or rules thereof from upstream to downstream, so as to represent the state of the high-temperature gas and further establish a preliminary high-temperature gas microtechnical model.
6. The particle-level population-based high-temperature gas measurement and calculation fusion method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the preliminary micro-theoretical model of the high-temperature gas is a numerical calculation model that can describe internal energy relaxation processes and chemical reaction processes of the high-temperature gas, and that can distinguish quantum states of particle levels based on quantum physics and calculate population numbers of particle levels.
7. The particle energy level population based hot gas measurement and calculation fusion method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the process of contrast fusion is configured to include:
s20, based on the measured upstream high-temperature gas state and the obtained high-temperature gas preliminary microscopic theoretical model, calculating by using a numerical simulation means to obtain the single or multiple energy level particle population number corresponding to the measurement in the downstream of the flow field;
S21, comparing and fusing the population number of the energy level particles and the evolution characteristics or rules thereof respectively obtained by the spectral measurement means and the numerical calculation means, and analyzing the difference between the two, so that the calculation result and the spectral measurement result tend to be consistent by optimizing the high-temperature gas model in the numerical simulation means, and the high-temperature gas optimization micro-theory model is obtained;
and S22, changing the state of the high-temperature flow field, replacing the high-temperature gas preliminary micro-theory model in the first step with the high-temperature gas optimization micro-theory model, and repeating the first step to the second step to correctly describe the gas thermochemical process of the high-temperature gas in different states through the established high-temperature gas optimization micro-theory model.
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