CN114753896B - Electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system and method based on air energy storage - Google Patents
Electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system and method based on air energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN114753896B CN114753896B CN202210379757.0A CN202210379757A CN114753896B CN 114753896 B CN114753896 B CN 114753896B CN 202210379757 A CN202210379757 A CN 202210379757A CN 114753896 B CN114753896 B CN 114753896B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system and method based on air energy storage, which comprises a compressed air energy storage unit, a methanol cracking heat storage unit, combustion equipment, heat exchanger equipment, a separation unit, a hydrogen ammonia water method transportation unit and a carbon dioxide recovery unit, wherein the compressed air energy storage unit is connected with the combustion equipment; the methanol cracking heat storage unit is used for storing and cracking methanol; the separation unit is used for separating methanol cracking gas; the carbon dioxide recovery unit is used for liquefying and separating carbon dioxide; the hydrogen ammonia water method transportation unit is used for transporting hydrogen synthesis ammonia and hydrogen; based on the compressed air energy storage principle, the invention realizes the jump of the grade of stored energy through the absorption, compression and thermal cracking of methanol; during energy release, the waste gas is cooled and liquefied, and carbon dioxide is separated and provided for users, so that ultralow carbon emission of the system is realized, meanwhile, hydrogen separated from pyrolysis gas reacts with nitrogen in the waste gas, and the hydrogen is directly canned and transported after being dissolved in water, so that hydrogen preparation and hydrogen transportation in the compressed air energy storage system are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of physical energy storage, and particularly relates to an electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system and method based on air energy storage.
Background
With the rapid increase of the total loading capacity of new energy, the problems of instability, intermittence and the like in the new energy power generation process become main problems of large-scale utilization of the new energy, and compressed air energy storage is one of the solutions, so that the method has a wide prospect. The compressed air energy storage mainly utilizes the surplus electric power generated in the load valley of the power grid to compress air, stores the air in a high-pressure sealing facility, and releases the air to drive a gas turbine to generate electricity in the peak of power utilization.
Compressed air energy storage can be technically divided into non-adiabatic, adiabatic and isothermal. The adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology is one of research hotspots all the time, and means that on the basis of a compressed air energy storage system heated by traditional fuel, a combustion chamber and fuel are eliminated, a heat storage device and a heat exchanger are added, when air is compressed in an energy storage stage, the heat exchanger is arranged at the compressor stage or after the compressor stage, a cold heat storage medium flowing in the heat exchanger absorbs compression heat generated in the compression process of the air, and the heat is stored in the heat storage device; in the energy releasing process, before the gas enters the expansion machine to do work, a heat exchanger is arranged in front of or between stages, and the high-pressure air is heated by a heat storage medium flowing in the heat exchanger so as to utilize the compression heat. But because of the directly stored heat, the energy grade is low, and compared with fuel combustion heating, the compressed gas is difficult to be heated to a higher temperature to obtain higher gas energy.
Hydrogen energy is used as clean energy with the most development potential in the new period, and the preparation, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen are always concerned about hot spots; the hydrogen production by methanol cracking has high hydrogen recovery rate, reasonable energy utilization, simple process control, convenient industrial operation and more adoption, and carbon monoxide in the cracked gas can also be used as fuel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that when an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system in the prior art releases energy, the capacity of stored heat for heating compressed air is limited due to irreversible heat transfer loss of a heat exchanger, and the energy storage system has the problems of carbon emission, hydrogen preparation, hydrogen transportation and the like, the invention aims to provide an electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system and method based on air energy storage, and the invention realizes the jump of energy grade by absorbing, compressing and thermally cracking methanol and converting the storage of heat energy into the storage of chemical energy based on the compressed air energy storage principle; during energy release, carbon monoxide in the pyrolysis gas is directly sent into the combustion chamber for combustion, and the gas temperature and the working capacity can be greatly improved compared with adiabatic compressed air energy storage under the same condition, so that heat loss and high cost caused by installation of a heat exchanger are avoided, and considerable economy is achieved; the waste gas is cooled, liquefied and the separated carbon dioxide is supplied to a user, so that low-carbon emission of the system is realized, and meanwhile, the hydrogen separated from the pyrolysis gas is directly canned and transported after being dissolved in water through reaction with the nitrogen in the waste gas, so that hydrogen preparation and hydrogen transportation in the compressed air energy storage system are realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system based on air energy storage comprises a new energy power generation system, a compressed air energy storage unit, a methanol cracking heat storage unit, a first separator, a second separator, an expansion unit and a synthetic ammonia reactor, wherein the methanol cracking heat storage unit comprises a low-temperature methanol storage tank, a high-temperature methanol storage tank and a methanol cracking reactor; the second outlet of the first separator is connected with the synthetic ammonia reactor, the outlet of the expansion unit is connected with the second separator, the nitrogen outlet of the second separator is connected with the synthetic ammonia reactor, the synthetic ammonia reactor is provided with an electric heater, the output shaft of the expansion unit is connected with a generator, and the electric heater and the electric energy input end of the multistage compressor are connected with the electric power output end of the new energy power generation system.
The methanol cracking reactor is provided with an electric heater, the low-temperature methanol storage tank is connected with the cooler cold side inlet and is sequentially provided with a throttle valve and a booster pump, and the electric energy input end of the electric heater is connected with the electric power output end of the new energy power generation system.
The compressed air energy storage unit comprises a low-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor, an outlet of the low-pressure compressor is connected with a hot side of the inter-stage cooler, an outlet of the high-pressure compressor is connected with a hot side of the post-stage cooler, cold sides of the inter-stage cooler and the post-stage cooler are communicated with each other, and a cold side outlet of the post-stage cooler is connected with the air storage tank.
The expansion unit comprises a high-pressure expansion machine and a low-pressure expansion machine, the combustion unit comprises a pre-stage combustion chamber and an inter-stage combustion chamber, the pre-stage combustion chamber is arranged from a first outlet of the first separator to an inlet of the high-pressure expansion machine, and the inter-stage combustion chamber is arranged from the first outlet of the first separator to an inlet of the low-pressure expansion machine.
The first separator is a polymer membrane separator for separating hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the polymer membrane separator is provided with a residual gas permeation outlet pipe and a residual gas permeation outlet pipe, and the residual gas permeation outlet pipe is respectively communicated with the pre-stage combustion chamber and the inter-stage combustion chamber; the permeate gas outlet pipe is communicated with the hydrogen recovery unit.
The polymer membrane type separator comprises a shell, wherein a raw material gas inlet pipe, a permeation gas outlet pipe and a residual gas permeation outlet pipe are arranged on the shell, the internal space of the shell comprises a raw material gas temporary storage bin, a permeation gas temporary storage bin and a residual gas permeation temporary storage bin, the raw material gas temporary storage bin is adjacent to the permeation gas temporary storage bin and is provided with a partition plate, the permeation gas temporary storage bin is adjacent to the residual gas permeation temporary storage bin and is provided with a partition plate, a polymer membrane type centrifugal pipe is arranged in the permeation gas temporary storage bin, and the polymer membrane type centrifugal pipe is communicated with the raw material gas temporary storage bin and the residual gas permeation temporary storage bin; feed gas inlet pipe intercommunication feed gas stores up the storehouse temporarily, oozes the residual gas and stores up the storehouse temporarily and communicates the residual gas outlet pipe, and the residual gas outlet pipe intercommunication permeate gas stores up the storehouse temporarily, and permeate gas outlet pipe is provided with a pipe diameter reduction section and straight tube section along the medium flow direction, be provided with a plurality of resistance membranes in the pipe diameter reduction section, be provided with the circular separating membrane of a plurality of macromolecules in the straight tube section, set up a plurality of through-holes on the resistance membrane, the through-hole of adjacent two-layer resistance membrane distributes in the air current direction by staggering.
The polymer membrane type centrifuge tube is made of a polymer membrane with gas selective permeation, the thickness is 1-2mm, the inner diameter is 30-40mm, the polymer membrane type centrifuge tube comprises at least 5 sections of semicircular bent tubes connected end to end, and the bending radius of each semicircular bent tube is 90-100mm.
The second separator is a carbon dioxide liquefaction separator and is used for separating nitrogen and carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator is connected with a cold energy providing device, the nitrogen of the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator is connected with a hydrogen recovery unit, and a carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator is connected with a carbon dioxide capturing device or a carbon dioxide user.
The invention also provides an electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production method based on air energy storage, which comprises the steps of driving a multistage compressor to compress air by utilizing surplus electric energy, recovering heat generated by the compressed air by using methanol through a cooler, storing the heat, compressing the air through the multistage compressor, storing the air, cracking the methanol under the heating condition to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, separating the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide, recovering ammonia by using the hydrogen for synthesis, combusting the carbon monoxide for heat release, expanding and acting the carbon monoxide and the compressed air after combustion and heating, separating carbon dioxide and nitrogen from the acted gas, synthesizing the hydrogen and the separated nitrogen into ammonia under the catalyst and heating condition, and recovering the hydrogen and the nitrogen.
According to the electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system based on air energy storage, in the energy storage stage, the residual electric energy of the new energy power generation system is utilized to drive the multistage compressor to compress air for energy storage, the air is compressed by the multistage compressor and then enters the air storage tank for storage, and the methanol in the low-temperature methanol storage tank enters the high-temperature methanol storage tank for storage after the heat of the compressed air is absorbed by the cooler; in the energy release stage, methanol is cracked in a methanol cracking reactor to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are separated in a first separator; the carbon monoxide and the compressed air enter a combustion unit for combustion, the compressed air enters an expansion unit for work through combustion and heating expansion, the gas after work is separated into carbon dioxide and nitrogen through a second separator, and the nitrogen and the separated hydrogen enter a synthetic ammonia reactor for synthesizing ammonia.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: compared with the adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology, the system absorbs the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide generated by compression thermal cracking through heat exchange between the methanol and the compressed air at the outlet of the compressor, converts the stored heat energy into the stored chemical energy, realizes the improvement of energy quality, and optimizes the system by introducing the carbon monoxide generated by the methanol cracking into a combustion chamber to burn and heat air so as to achieve working gas with higher energy density; the separator is arranged at the outlet of the low-pressure expansion machine, the separated carbon dioxide is directly supplied to a chemical plant as a chemical raw material after being pressurized and liquefied, the energy consumption is reduced, the pollutant emission is reduced, and the carbon dioxide is reused for chemical production.
Furthermore, a booster pump is arranged at the outlet of the low-temperature methanol storage tank, the saturation temperature of the low-temperature methanol storage tank is increased by pressurizing methanol to keep the liquid state in the methanol heat exchange process, the heat exchange efficiency of the methanol in a cooler is improved, and the liquid methanol is easier to store than a gaseous methanol, so that the cost of storing the high-temperature methanol is saved.
Furthermore, the energy required by the generation of the hydrogen mainly comes from the heat of compression, thus solving the problem of energy source for preparing the industrial hydrogen; the hydrogen separated by the polymer membrane separator and the nitrogen separated by the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator are introduced into the ammonia synthesis reactor for reaction, dissolved in water and transported in a tank, so that the preparation and stable transportation of the hydrogen in the energy storage system are realized.
Furthermore, the polymer membrane separator is adopted, and the pressure is only used as the driving force of the membrane separation, so that the separation device is simple, has no rotating part, is easy to operate and is easy to automatically control and maintain; the polymer membrane separator takes a membrane separation technology as a core, is provided with three levels of separation parts, sequentially enhances the separation thickness degree along the flow direction of permeation gas, and is respectively a membrane centrifuge tube, a resistance membrane and a polymer circular separation membrane; the design of the bent pipe of the membrane type centrifuge tube utilizes the centrifugal force generated by mixed airflow flowing through the bent pipe, increases the pressure difference of two sides of the membrane, improves the separation efficiency, ensures that holes on the resistance membrane are not communicated along a vertical line, converts dynamic pressure in the flowing of the airflow into static pressure, increases the pressure difference of two sides of the resistance membrane, and improves the permeation efficiency.
Furthermore, the final carbon dioxide is collected and recovered or directly supplied to carbon dioxide users, so that the carbon emission is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electric hydrogen-carbon co-production system based on air energy storage.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polymer membrane separator according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a polymer membrane separator of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a membrane centrifuge tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a resistance film of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-low-pressure stage compressor, 2-high-pressure stage compressor, 3-interstage cooler, 4-stage after cooler, 5-low-temperature methanol storage tank, 6-booster pump, 7-high-temperature methanol storage tank, 8-first electric heater, 9-methanol cracking reactor, 10-polymer membrane separator, 11-gas storage tank, 12-pressure stabilizing valve, 13-stage front burner, 14-interstage burner, 15-high-pressure expander, 16-low-pressure expander, 17-carbon dioxide liquefaction separator, 18-synthetic ammonia reactor, 19-second electric heater, 20-power grid, 21-surplus electric energy, 22-raw gas inlet pipe, 23-raw gas temporary storage bin, 24-permeate gas outlet pipe, 25-permeate gas temporary storage bin, 26-permeate gas outlet pipe, 27-permeate gas temporary storage bin, 28-membrane centrifuge tube, 29-throttle valve, 30-resistance membrane and 31-polymer circular separation membrane.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, an electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production system based on air energy storage comprises a compressed air energy storage unit for energy storage and peak shaving, a methanol cracking heat storage unit for improving the quality of compressed heat, a combustion device for improving the temperature of compressed air, a heat exchanger device for exchanging compressed heat in an energy storage stage, a separation unit for separating two mixed gases, a hydrogen ammonia water method transportation unit and a carbon dioxide liquefaction recycling unit for reducing emission of the system; the methanol cracking heat storage unit comprises a low-temperature methanol storage tank 5 for storing and supplementing methanol, a throttle valve 29 for regulating the flow of the methanol participating in heat exchange, a booster pump 6 for boosting the methanol, a high-temperature methanol storage tank 7 for storing the methanol participating in heat exchange, a first electric heater 8 for raising the temperature of a methanol cracking reactor 9 to the cracking temperature, and a methanol cracking reactor 9 for cracking a reaction carrier; the separation unit comprises a polymer membrane separator 10 and a carbon dioxide liquefaction separator 17 which are used for separating the cracking mixed gas; the hydrogen ammonia water transport unit includes a second electric heater 19 for raising the temperature of the ammonia synthesis reactor 18 to the reaction temperature and the ammonia synthesis reactor 18.
Referring to fig. 1, an outlet of the low-temperature methanol storage tank 5 is communicated with an inlet of a throttle valve 29, an outlet of the throttle valve 29 is communicated with an inlet of a booster pump 6, an outlet of the booster pump 6 is communicated with a cold-side inlet of an interstage cooler 3, a cold-side outlet of the interstage cooler 3 is communicated with a cold-side inlet of an after-stage cooler 4, and a cold-side outlet of the after-stage cooler 4 is communicated with an inlet of a high-temperature methanol storage tank 7; an inlet and an outlet of a hot side of the interstage cooler 3 are respectively connected with an outlet of the low-pressure compressor 1 and an inlet of the high-pressure compressor 2, an inlet and an outlet of a hot side of the post-stage cooler 4 are respectively connected with an outlet of the high-pressure compressor 2 and an air storage tank 11, the interstage cooler 3 and the post-stage cooler 4 are used for reducing the temperature of compressed air, reducing the compression power consumption of the compressors and transferring heat to low-temperature methanol, the booster pump 6 is used for increasing the pressure of the methanol in the low-temperature methanol storage tank 5 and increasing the saturation temperature of the methanol along with the pressure, so that the methanol is always kept as liquid in the process of absorbing the compression heat in the interstage cooler 3 and the post-stage cooler 4, the throttle valve 29 regulates the flow of the methanol to control the temperature not to exceed the cracking temperature, the sensible heat storage of the methanol in the high-temperature methanol storage tank 7 is realized.
Referring to fig. 1, an outlet of a high-temperature methanol storage tank 7 is communicated with an inlet of a methanol cracking reactor 9, a first electric heater 8 is arranged on the methanol cracking reactor 9, and the first electric heater 8 inputs heat to reach the methanol cracking temperature in the methanol cracking reactor 9 in an energy release stage to generate cracked gas.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the outlet of the methanol cracking reactor 9 is connected with a raw material gas inlet pipe 22 of a polymer membrane separator 10, the polymer membrane separator 10 has two outlets, namely a residual gas permeation outlet pipe 26 and a permeate outlet pipe 24, the residual gas permeation outlet pipe 26 is respectively communicated with a pre-stage combustion chamber 13 and an inter-stage combustion chamber 14, carbon monoxide is introduced into the pre-stage combustion chamber 13 from the residual gas permeation outlet pipe 26 together with compressed gas in a gas storage tank 11 for combustion during energy release, and compared with the expansion gas flow with higher temperature and energy density and stronger expansion capacity of the energy storage of adiabatic compressed air; the outlet of the pre-stage combustion chamber 13 is communicated with the inlet of a high-pressure expander 15, and the outlet of the high-pressure expander 15 is communicated with the inter-stage combustion chamber 14 and a low-pressure expander 16 in sequence.
Referring to fig. 1, an outlet of a low-pressure expander 16 is communicated with an inlet of a carbon dioxide liquefaction separator 17 of a carbon dioxide liquefaction recycling unit, gas after expansion work is completed mainly contains nitrogen and carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide is separated by the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator 17 and is supplied to a chemical plant to be used as a chemical raw material, a nitrogen gas outlet of the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator 17 and a permeation gas outlet pipe 24 of a polymer membrane separator 10 are both communicated with a synthetic ammonia reactor 18, a second electric heater 19 inputs heat to the synthetic ammonia reactor 18 and feeds a catalyst required by a synthetic ammonia reaction into the synthetic ammonia reactor 18, hydrogen and nitrogen in an energy release stage are respectively separated from the polymer membrane separator 10 and the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator 17 and are fed into the synthetic ammonia reactor 18, and generated ammonia is dissolved in water and transported in a tank, so that hydrogen preparation and hydrogen transportation in a compressed air energy storage system are realized.
The application provides a possible polymer membrane separator 10, refer to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the polymer membrane separator 10 included in the separation unit uses a membrane separation technology as a core, uses a polymer membrane as a material to be provided with three levels of separation components for selectively separating gas, and sequentially enhances the separation thickness degree along the flow direction of permeation gas hydrogen, namely a membrane centrifuge tube 28, a resistance membrane 30 and a polymer circular separation membrane 31, and the other main components comprise a raw material gas inlet tube 22, a raw material gas temporary storage bin 23, a permeation gas outlet tube 24, a permeation gas temporary storage bin 25, a residual permeation gas outlet tube 26, a residual permeation gas temporary storage bin 27, a raw material gas temporary storage bin 23, a permeation gas temporary storage bin 25 and a residual permeation gas temporary storage bin 27 for temporarily storing and buffering gas flow; the same polymer membrane formula centrifuging tube 28 intercommunication of four specifications is used between the temporary storehouse 23 of feed gas and the temporary storehouse 27 of surplus gas, divide into every layer of upper and lower floor and install two membrane formula centrifuging tubes 28, polymer membrane formula centrifuging tube 28 is made by the polymer membrane that has gas permselectivity and is in the temporary storehouse 25 of infiltration gas, and polymer membrane formula centrifuging tube 28's thickness is 1-2mm, and the internal diameter is 30-40mm, and polymer membrane formula centrifuging tube 28 includes the semicircle pipe of a plurality of end to end, the bend radius of semicircle pipe is 90-110mm, and every polymer membrane formula centrifuging tube 28 establishes 5 above semicircle bending for extension tube side promotes infiltration efficiency, and the design of return bend produces centrifugal force when being used for utilizing the fluid to flow through, improves inside and outside differential pressure, has promoted the membrane area under the same volume in addition, has promoted the separation effect.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5,4 circular polymeric separation membranes 31 with the same specification and the diameter of 60-70mm are uniformly distributed at the position close to the outlet of the permeate gas outlet pipe 24 along the gas flow direction and are used as separation equipment with the highest separation degree; 5 resistance membranes 30 with the diameters matched with the sections of the permeate gas outlet pipes 24 close to the permeate gas temporary storage bins 25 are distributed on the permeate gas outlet pipes, through holes with the diameters of 5-6mm are distributed on the resistance membranes, the through holes with the same number are distributed along the circumferences of different radiuses of the membranes, the number of the through holes in each circle is 6-8, and the holes of the two adjacent layers of resistance membranes are distributed in a staggered mode in the airflow direction, so that dynamic pressure in the flowing of airflow is converted into static pressure, the pressure difference on two sides of the resistance membranes is increased, and the permeation efficiency is improved; the permeate gas temporary storage bin 27 is connected with the lower layer part of a permeate gas outlet pipe through a resistance membrane 30, and the lower layer part of the permeate gas outlet pipe is connected with the upper layer part of the permeate gas outlet pipe through a high-molecular circular separation membrane 31. The high molecular membrane separator is adopted, so that the efficiency is high, and the separation device is simple, easy to operate, easy to automatically control and maintain because the pressure is only used as the driving force of membrane separation.
Based on the system, the invention discloses an electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production method based on air energy storage, which comprises the following steps:
in the energy storage stage, surplus electric energy of the new energy power generation system 21 such as solar energy, wind energy and the like drives a motor, the motor drives a low-pressure compressor 1 and a high-pressure compressor 2 to operate through a coupler, air firstly enters the low-pressure compressor 1 to be compressed, then enters the inter-stage cooler 3 at the hot side to exchange heat with methanol at the cold side and then is cooled, the cooled air enters the high-pressure compressor 2 to be secondarily compressed, enters the inter-stage cooler 4 at the hot side to exchange heat with the cold methanol again and is cooled, and the compressed air enters the air storage tank 11 to be stored; the methanol is heated by the heat exchange of the interstage cooler 3 and the poststage cooler 4, the temperature is not higher than the cracking temperature, the methanol liquid after heat exchange flows into the high-temperature methanol storage tank 7, and the compression heat in the air compression process is stored in a sensible heat manner to finish energy storage;
in the energy release stage, high-temperature methanol in a high-temperature methanol storage tank flows into a methanol cracking reactor 9, heat is input into the methanol cracking reactor 9 by a first electric heater 8, the methanol in the reactor is cracked into mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide when reaching the cracking temperature, the carbon monoxide separated by a polymer membrane separator 10 and compressed air throttled by a pressure stabilizing valve 12 in a gas storage tank 11 are sent into a pre-stage combustion chamber 13 to be combusted to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, the gas enters a high-pressure expander 15 to be expanded to do work and drive a turbine to operate, the gas enters an inter-stage combustion chamber to be mixed and combusted with the carbon monoxide separated by the polymer membrane separator 10 again to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters a low-pressure expander 16 to be expanded to do work and drive the turbine to operate, the turbine is connected with a generator through a coupler, electric energy is input into a power grid 20, exhaust gas after the work flows into a carbon dioxide liquefaction separator 17, the separated carbon dioxide is directly supplied to be used as chemical raw materials, the separated nitrogen and the hydrogen separated by the polymer membrane separator 10 flows into a synthetic ammonia reactor 18 through a pipeline, the second electric heater is continuously input into the ammonia synthesis reactor until reaching the ammonia synthesis temperature, the ammonia synthesis reactor 18, the ammonia synthesis temperature, the ammonia can be accelerated, the ammonia production process of ammonia, and the ammonia, the ammonia production and the ammonia production of ammonia can be transported, and the ammonia production process can be transported.
Based on the compressed air energy storage principle, the high efficiency and the economical efficiency of an energy storage system, hydrogen preparation and hydrogen transportation are realized by fully utilizing the gas generated by absorbing, compressing and thermally cracking the methanol; then, a cooler is arranged at the tail gas, so that the carbon emission of the system is reduced, and the green industry is realized; and a polymer membrane type separator with a special structure is adopted, so that high-efficiency energy-saving separation is realized.
Claims (10)
1. The electricity-hydrogen-carbon co-production system based on air energy storage is characterized by comprising a new energy power generation system, a compressed air energy storage unit, a methanol cracking heat storage unit, a first separator, a second separator, an expansion unit and a synthetic ammonia reactor (18), wherein the methanol cracking heat storage unit comprises a low-temperature methanol storage tank (5), a high-temperature methanol storage tank (7) and a methanol cracking reactor (9), the compressed air energy storage unit comprises a multistage compressor, an outlet of each stage of compressor is connected with a hot side of the cooler, an outlet of the last stage of cooler is connected with a gas storage tank (11), cold sides of the coolers are connected with each other, a cold side inlet of the first stage of cooler and a cold side outlet of the last stage of cooler are respectively connected with the low-temperature methanol storage tank (5) and the high-temperature methanol storage tank (7), the high-temperature methanol storage tank (7) is connected with the methanol cracking reactor (9), an outlet of the methanol cracking reactor (9) is connected with the first separator, a combustion unit is arranged in the expansion unit, and a first outlet of the first separator and an outlet of the gas storage tank (11) are connected with a combustion unit; the second outlet of the first separator is connected with a synthetic ammonia reactor (18), the outlet of the expansion unit is connected with the second separator, the nitrogen outlet of the second separator is connected with the synthetic ammonia reactor (18), an electric heater is arranged on the synthetic ammonia reactor (18), the output shaft of the expansion unit is connected with a generator, and the electric energy input ends of the electric heater and the multistage compressor are connected with the electric power output end of the new energy power generation system.
2. An electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production system based on air energy storage as claimed in claim 1, wherein an electric heater is arranged on the methanol cracking reactor (9), a throttle valve (29) and a booster pump (6) are sequentially arranged from the low-temperature methanol storage tank (5) to the cold-side inlet of the first-stage cooler, and the electric energy input end of the electric heater is connected with the electric power output end of the new energy power generation system.
3. An electric hydrogen carbon co-production system based on air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air energy storage unit comprises a low pressure compressor (1) and a high pressure compressor (2), the outlet of the low pressure compressor (1) is connected with the hot side of the inter-stage cooler (3), the outlet of the high pressure compressor (2) is connected with the hot side of the after-stage cooler (4), the cold sides of the inter-stage cooler (3) and the after-stage cooler (4) are communicated with each other, and the outlet of the cold side of the after-stage cooler (4) is connected with the air storage tank (11).
4. An electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production system based on air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the expander train comprises a high pressure expander (15) and a low pressure expander (16), the combustion unit comprises a pre-stage combustor (13) and an inter-stage combustor (14), the first outlet of the first separator is provided with the pre-stage combustor (13) to the inlet of the high pressure expander (15), and the first outlet of the first separator is provided with the inter-stage combustor (14) to the inlet of the low pressure expander (16).
5. An electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production system based on air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the first separator is a polymer membrane separator (10) for separating hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the polymer membrane separator (10) is provided with a retentate gas outlet pipe (26) and a permeate gas outlet pipe (24), and the retentate gas outlet pipe (26) is respectively communicated with the pre-stage combustion chamber (13) and the inter-stage combustion chamber (14); the permeate gas outlet pipe (24) is communicated with the synthetic ammonia reactor (18).
6. The air energy storage-based electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production system according to claim 5, wherein the polymer membrane separator (10) comprises a shell, a raw material gas inlet pipe (22), a permeate gas outlet pipe (24) and a permeate gas outlet pipe (26) are arranged on the shell, the inner space of the shell comprises a raw material gas temporary storage bin (23), a permeate gas temporary storage bin (25) and a permeate gas temporary storage bin (27), the raw material gas temporary storage bin (23) is adjacent to the permeate gas temporary storage bin (25) and is provided with a partition plate, the permeate gas temporary storage bin (25) is adjacent to the permeate gas temporary storage bin (27) and is provided with a partition plate, a polymer membrane centrifuge tube (28) is arranged in the permeate gas temporary storage bin (25), and the polymer membrane centrifuge tube (28) is communicated with the raw material gas temporary storage bin (23) and the permeate gas temporary storage bin (27); feed gas inlet pipe (22) intercommunication feed gas temporary storage storehouse (23), and surplus gas temporary storage storehouse (27) intercommunication surplus gas outlet pipe (26), and permeate gas outlet pipe (24) intercommunication permeate gas temporary storage storehouse (25), permeate gas outlet pipe (24) are provided with a pipe diameter reduction section and straight tube section along the medium flow direction, be provided with a plurality of resistance membranes (30) in the pipe diameter reduction section, be provided with circular separating membrane of a plurality of macromolecules (31) in the straight tube section, set up a plurality of through-holes on resistance membrane (30), the through-hole of adjacent two-layer resistance membrane distributes in the air current direction by staggering.
7. An electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production system based on air energy storage according to claim 6, characterized in that the polymer membrane type centrifuge tube (28) is made of polymer membrane with gas selective permeability, the thickness is 1-2mm, the inner diameter is 30-40mm, the polymer membrane type centrifuge tube (28) comprises at least 5 sections of semicircular bent tubes connected end to end, and the bending radius of the semicircular bent tubes is 90-100mm.
8. An electricity, hydrogen and carbon co-production system based on air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the second separator is a carbon dioxide liquefaction separator (17) for separating nitrogen and carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator (17) is connected with a cold energy supply device, the nitrogen of the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator (17) is connected with a synthetic ammonia reactor (18), and the carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide liquefaction separator (17) is connected with a carbon dioxide capture device or a carbon dioxide user.
9. An electric hydrogen-carbon co-production method based on air energy storage is characterized in that based on the electric hydrogen-carbon co-production system based on air energy storage of any one of claims 1 to 8, a multistage compressor is driven by utilizing surplus electric energy to compress air, methanol is stored after recovering heat generated by the compressed air through a cooler, the air is stored after being compressed through the multistage compressor, the methanol is cracked under heating conditions to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are separated, ammonia is recovered by using hydrogen, the carbon monoxide is combusted to release heat, the carbon monoxide and the compressed air are combusted and heated to expand to do work, the gas after the work is done is separated into carbon dioxide and nitrogen, the hydrogen and the separated nitrogen are synthesized into ammonia under catalyst and heating conditions, and the hydrogen and the nitrogen are recovered.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that in the energy storage stage, the residual electric energy of the new energy power generation system is utilized to drive a multi-stage compressor to compress air for energy storage, the air is compressed by the multi-stage compressor and then enters an air storage tank (11) for storage, and the methanol in the low-temperature methanol storage tank (5) enters a high-temperature methanol storage tank (7) for storage after absorbing the heat of the compressed air by a cooler; in the energy release stage, methanol is cracked in a methanol cracking reactor (9) to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are separated in a first separator; carbon monoxide and compressed air enter a combustion unit for combustion, the compressed air enters an expansion unit for work through combustion and heating expansion, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are separated from the gas after work doing through a second separator, and the nitrogen and the separated hydrogen enter a synthetic ammonia reactor (18) for synthesizing ammonia.
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