CN114753890B - Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114753890B CN114753890B CN202210456885.0A CN202210456885A CN114753890B CN 114753890 B CN114753890 B CN 114753890B CN 202210456885 A CN202210456885 A CN 202210456885A CN 114753890 B CN114753890 B CN 114753890B
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- channel
- dry gas
- pressure
- seal
- gas seal
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a leakage quantity monitoring method thereof, which can improve the monitoring precision of the leakage quantity of the dry gas seal. The dry gas seal mounting seat is radially provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel, the first channel passes through the middle section of the outer sparse tooth seal in the radial direction and is used for inputting low-pressure isolation gas into the outer sparse tooth seal, the pressure of the low-pressure isolation gas is lower than medium pressure and higher than atmospheric pressure, the third channel is radially communicated with the containing cavity of the dry gas seal mounting seat and is used for inputting high-pressure isolation gas into the containing cavity, the pressure of the high-pressure isolation gas is higher than medium pressure, the second channel is located between the first channel and the third channel and serves as a dry gas seal leakage channel, and the second channel is connected with a flow sensor and used for monitoring dry gas seal leakage quantity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of supercritical carbon dioxide turbines, in particular to a dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a leakage monitoring method thereof.
Background
The dry gas seal is a novel non-contact seal developed by fundamentally improving the mechanical seal on the basis of the pneumatic dynamic pressure bearing in the end stage of the 60 th century, and originally appears to solve the problem of shaft end seal of a high-speed centrifugal compressor, and the dry gas seal has small seal power consumption which is only about 5% of that of a contact mechanical seal due to non-contact operation of the seal, is particularly suitable for shaft end seal of high-speed high-pressure equipment, and has much lower leakage than the traditional sparse tooth seal due to small clearance between dynamic and static rings during operation. Dry gas sealing is increasingly used in a wider range of applications as technology is mature.
When the dry gas seal normally runs or has small friction, the gap between the dynamic ring and the static ring is only about a few microns, the leakage amount is often smaller, the leaked gas cannot form certain pressure in the flow monitoring cavity due to the limitation of the dry gas seal structure, and the leakage gas can not reach the lowest monitoring value of the sensor due to the sensitivity of the flow sensor, the display value is always 0, and when the leakage amount value of the flowmeter occurs, the dry gas seal is damaged greatly at the moment; the dry gas seal of some existing supercritical carbon dioxide turbines is positioned at the shaft end of a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine cylinder body, one end of the dry gas seal is a turbine cylinder body, the inside of the dry gas seal is filled with high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the other end is a turbine bearing end, a large amount of lubricating oil enters the bearing due to the fact that the bearing needs to be lubricated and cooled, the temperature of the lubricating oil rises, in addition, the shaft rotates at a high speed, oil mist is easy to be generated at the end, the generated oil mist is easy to accumulate on one side of the dry gas seal with sparse teeth, and potential safety hazards exist for normal operation of the dry gas seal.
In order to more accurately monitor the leakage amount of the dry gas seal of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine and prevent impurities such as lubricating oil mist and the like from entering the dry gas seal and avoid the damage of the dry gas seal, the invention designs an application method for improving the monitoring accuracy of the leakage amount of the dry gas seal on the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a leakage quantity monitoring method thereof, which can improve the monitoring precision of the leakage quantity of the dry gas seal.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
the dry gas seal of the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine comprises a turbine body and a main shaft, wherein the main shaft is in a stepped shaft shape, an inner sparse tooth seal is arranged on a large-diameter section of the main shaft corresponding to the turbine body, a T-shaped shaft sleeve and a locking sleeve are sleeved on a small-diameter section of the main shaft, a movable ring is sleeved on a small-diameter section of the shaft sleeve to form radial positioning and axial positioning of the movable ring, the locking sleeve axially locks the movable ring, a dry gas seal mounting seat and an outer sparse tooth seal are sleeved on the locking sleeve and are matched with a step to be positioned and fixedly connected, the dry gas seal mounting seat is fixed on the turbine body, an axial mounting hole is arranged on the dry gas seal mounting seat, a static ring is in clearance fit in the axial mounting hole, the static ring provides a pressing force through a spring and is used for being matched with the movable ring to form a seal, a cavity is arranged on the dry gas seal mounting seat and corresponds to a combining surface of the static ring and the movable ring, the cavity is communicated with the inner sparse tooth seal,
the dry gas seal mounting seat is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel along the radial direction, the first channel penetrates through the middle section of the outer sparse tooth seal along the radial direction and is used for inputting low-pressure isolation gas into the outer sparse tooth seal, the pressure of the low-pressure isolation gas is lower than medium pressure and higher than atmospheric pressure, the third channel is communicated with the containing cavity of the dry gas seal mounting seat along the radial direction and is used for inputting high-pressure isolation gas into the containing cavity, the pressure of the high-pressure isolation gas is higher than medium pressure, the second channel is located between the first channel and the third channel, the second channel penetrates through the wall surface of the dry gas seal mounting seat and is used as a dry gas seal leakage channel for connecting a flow sensor and monitoring dry gas seal leakage.
Preferably, the turbine body is respectively provided with a through hole communicated with the first channel, the second channel and the third channel.
Preferably, the shaft sleeve is in interference fit or fixed on the main shaft by a screw; the dry gas seal mounting seat and the outer sparse teeth are in seal interference fit or fixed by screws; the locking sleeve is fixed with the small-diameter section of the end part of the main shaft in an interference fit or threaded fit.
Preferably, the mutual matching surfaces of the movable ring and the static ring are provided with spiral grooves for introducing high-pressure isolation gas into the mutual matching surfaces of the movable ring and the static ring so as to separate the static ring from the movable ring.
Preferably, the two ends of the main shaft are supported on the turbine body through bearings and bearing seats, and the bearings and the bearing seats are positioned on the outer side of the dry gas seal.
Preferably, the first channel and the third channel are respectively connected with the regulating valve, the pressure stabilizing tank and the air compressor through pipelines, and the air compressor and the regulating valve are controlled remotely.
Preferably, the high-pressure isolation gas is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the low-pressure isolation gas is air.
A method for monitoring leakage of dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine includes starting air compressor before turbine is turned on to maintain pressure of surge tank between 0.3MPa and 0.7MPa, gradually opening regulating valve of low pressure isolation gas, observing leakage change of flow sensor until initial leakage delta of dry gas seal of turbine is displayed at 3Nm 3 /h-5Nm 3 And (3) when the low-pressure isolation gas is started, the opening degree of the regulating valve is kept unchanged, when the starting-up condition is met, the turbine is turned, the high-pressure isolation gas is introduced into the channel, at the moment, the real leakage amount of the high-pressure isolation gas is alpha, the leakage amount monitored by the flow sensor is beta, and then:
α＝β-δ。
preferably, an alarm value tau and a shutdown value upsilon are set, the alarm value tau is smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, when alpha is larger than the alarm value tau and smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, an alarm is sent, and when alpha is larger than the shutdown value upsilon, the turbine is stopped emergently.
By adopting the technical scheme, the leakage amount of the dry gas seal of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine can be monitored more accurately, and meanwhile, lubricating oil mist and other magazines are prevented from entering the dry gas seal, so that the damage of the dry gas seal is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dry gas seal configuration;
FIG. 2 is a dry gas seal, bearing and turbine position layout;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dry gas seal low pressure spacer gas control flow scheme.
Reference numerals
In the drawing, a locking sleeve 1, an outer sparse tooth seal 2, a dry gas seal mounting seat 3, a spring 4, a static ring 5, a movable ring 6, a shaft sleeve 7, an inner sparse tooth seal 8, a main shaft 9 and a turbine body 12;
10. 14 are bearings and bearing seats, 11 and 13 are dry gas seals
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dry gas seal used in a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine according to the present invention, wherein the first channel is a low-pressure isolation gas channel added for improving the accuracy of dry gas seal leakage monitoring, the second channel is a dry gas seal leakage channel, an external pipeline is connected with the second channel, a flow sensor is arranged on the pipeline and used for monitoring the dry gas seal leakage, the third channel is a high-pressure isolation gas channel, and the high-pressure isolation gas pressure is higher than the medium pressure. The locking sleeve 1 presses the moving ring 6 onto the shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeve 7 is connected with the main shaft 9 through interference fit or by using screws, and the moving ring 6 is provided with a spiral groove on the surface corresponding to the stationary ring 5.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the positioning of a dry gas seal, bearings and turbine in a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine of the present invention. Wherein the bearings and bearing blocks 10 and the bearings and bearing blocks 14 have lubricating oil introduced during normal operation of the unit.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control flow of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine dry gas seal low pressure spacer gas of the present invention. The air compressor, the regulating valve and other devices are controlled remotely, parameters are displayed through a remote interface, and the pressure stabilizing tank is provided with a safety valve.
Dry gas sealing leakage monitoring method of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine
Before the turbine rotates, the air compressor is started remotely through the remote control center to maintain the pressure of the pressure stabilizing tank between 0.3MPa and 0.7MPa, and then the dry gas seal low-pressure isolation gas regulating valve is opened gradually through remote control to observe the change of the leakage amount of the sensor until the initial leakage amount delta of the turbine dry gas seal is displayed at 3Nm 3 /h-5Nm 3 And/h, maintaining the opening degree of the regulating valve unchanged, and when other starting conditions are met, flushing the turbine, wherein the real leakage amount of the dry gas seal of the turbine is alpha, the leakage amount monitored by the remote control center is beta, and the actual leakage amount of the dry gas seal is the leakage amount beta of the remote control center minus the initial leakage amount of the dry gas seal of the turbine, as follows:
α＝β-δ
the control center is logically controlled according to the formula, and the control center is respectively provided with a turbine dry gas seal leakage quantity alarm value tau, a turbine dry gas seal leakage quantity stop value upsilon (the alarm value is smaller than the stop value), when the turbine dry gas seal real leakage quantity alpha is larger than the alarm value tau and smaller than the stop value upsilon, the remote control center gives an alarm, and when the turbine dry gas seal real leakage quantity alpha is larger than the stop value upsilon, the turbine is stopped emergently.
When the turbine normally operates, high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas (the pressure is higher than the internal pressure of the turbine, the temperature is 90-150 ℃ and the medium of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide (600 ℃) in the turbine is prevented from flowing back from the turbine, so that the sealing temperature of the dry gas is high, parts such as a dry gas sealing ring and the like are damaged, under the action of high-pressure isolating gas, the static ring 5 and the movable ring 6 are separated due to the fact that pressure is formed between the dry gas sealing matching surfaces, and a small gap, generally about 3 microns, is kept, when the closing pressure generated by the gas pressure and the spring force is equal to the opening pressure of a gas film, a stable balance gap is established, because the movable static ring has a tiny gap, under the condition that the channel 1 into which low-pressure isolating gas is not introduced, the high-pressure isolating gas leaks from the gap of the movable static ring to the channel two and the outer sparse tooth sealing 2, because the outer sparse tooth seal 2 is connected with the atmosphere, a great part of leaked gas can leak into the atmosphere from the clearance between the outer sparse tooth seal 2 and the main shaft 9, at the moment, a certain gas pressure is difficult to build in the second channel, the gas actually passing through the second channel is far smaller than the actual leakage value of the dry gas seal, and the leakage measured by the flowmeter is very small, in order to solve the problem, the invention adds the first channel, and introduces low-pressure isolating gas into the first channel, the low-pressure isolating gas cannot react with high-pressure isolating gas and medium (because the high-pressure isolating gas and the medium are carbon dioxide, the introduced isolating gas is only needed to be general air), a certain pressure is formed in the space between the outer sparse tooth seal 2 and the main shaft 9, the leaked gas is prevented from flowing into the atmosphere through the outer sparse tooth seal 2, because the low-pressure isolation gas leaks to the second channel through the outer sparse teeth seal 2, the flow sensor has an initial display value, so that the problem that the flow sensor displays 0 under the condition of low leakage is avoided.
In addition, because the both sides of the dry gas seal 11 and the dry gas seal 13 are the bearing and the bearing seat, when the turbine main shaft rotates at a high speed, the temperature of lubricating oil entering the bearing seat can be increased, at the moment, oil mist can emerge from the bearing and the bearing seat from the oil seal, and after the low-pressure isolating gas is added, the oil mist can be effectively prevented from entering the dry gas seal because the low-pressure isolating gas leaks from the sparse teeth, and the dry gas seal is prevented from being damaged due to the entry of impurities.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are only intended to illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail by means of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A dry gas sealing leakage monitoring method of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the dry gas seal applied to the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine comprises a turbine body and a main shaft, wherein the main shaft is in a stepped shaft shape, an inner sparse tooth seal is arranged on a large diameter section of the main shaft corresponding to the turbine body, a T-shaped shaft sleeve and a locking sleeve are sleeved on a small diameter section of the main shaft, a movable ring is sleeved on a small diameter section of the shaft sleeve, the locking sleeve axially locks the movable ring to form radial positioning and axial positioning of the movable ring, a dry gas seal mounting seat and an outer sparse tooth seal are sleeved on the locking sleeve, the dry gas seal mounting seat and the outer sparse tooth seal hole are in shaft fit with a step positioning and are fixedly connected, the dry gas seal mounting seat is fixed on the turbine body, an axial mounting hole is arranged on the dry gas seal mounting seat, a static ring is in clearance fit in the axial mounting hole, the static ring provides a pressing force through a spring and is used for being matched with the movable ring to form a seal, a cavity is arranged on the dry gas seal mounting seat and is corresponding to the joint surface of the static ring and the movable ring, the cavity is communicated with the inner sparse tooth seal,
the dry gas seal mounting seat is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel along the radial direction, the first channel penetrates through the middle section of the outer sparse tooth seal along the radial direction and is used for inputting low-pressure isolation gas into the outer sparse tooth seal, the pressure of the low-pressure isolation gas is lower than the medium pressure and higher than the atmospheric pressure, the third channel is communicated with the accommodating cavity of the dry gas seal mounting seat along the radial direction and is used for inputting high-pressure isolation gas into the accommodating cavity, the pressure of the high-pressure isolation gas is higher than the medium pressure, the second channel is located between the first channel and the third channel, the second channel penetrates through the wall surface of the dry gas seal mounting seat and is used as a dry gas seal leakage channel for connecting a flow sensor and monitoring the dry gas seal leakage quantity;
the turbine body is respectively provided with a through hole communicated with the first channel, the second channel and the third channel;
the shaft sleeve is in interference fit or fixed on the main shaft by a screw; the dry gas seal mounting seat and the outer sparse teeth are in seal interference fit or fixed by screws; the locking sleeve is fixed with the small-diameter section of the end part of the main shaft in an interference fit or thread fit manner;
spiral grooves are formed in the mutual matching surfaces of the movable ring and the static ring and are used for introducing high-pressure isolation gas into the mutual matching surfaces of the movable ring and the static ring so as to separate the static ring from the movable ring;
the two ends of the main shaft are supported on the turbine body through bearings and bearing seats, and the bearings and the bearing seats are positioned at the outer sides of the dry gas seal;
the first channel and the third channel are respectively connected with a regulating valve, a pressure stabilizing tank and an air compressor through pipelines, and the air compressor and the regulating valve are controlled remotely;
the high-pressure isolation gas is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the low-pressure isolation gas is air;
before turbine is turned on, an air compressor is started to maintain the pressure of a surge tank between 0.3MPa and 0.7MPa, then a regulating valve of low-pressure isolation gas is gradually opened, the leakage quantity change of a flow sensor is observed, and the leakage quantity delta of the turbine dry gas seal is displayed at 3Nm 3 /h-5Nm 3 And (3) when the low-pressure isolation gas is started, the opening degree of the regulating valve is kept unchanged, when the starting-up condition is met, the turbine is turned, the high-pressure isolation gas is introduced into the channel, at the moment, the real leakage amount of the high-pressure isolation gas is alpha, the leakage amount monitored by the flow sensor is beta, and then:
α＝β-δ。
2. the method for monitoring the leakage amount of the dry gas seal of the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: and setting an alarm value tau and a shutdown value upsilon, wherein the alarm value tau is smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, when alpha is larger than the alarm value tau and smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, an alarm is sent, and when alpha is larger than the shutdown value upsilon, the turbine is stopped emergently.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210456885.0A CN114753890B (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210456885.0A CN114753890B (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof |
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| CN114753890A CN114753890A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
| CN114753890B true CN114753890B (en) | 2023-10-24 |
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