CN114753805A - Multifunctional scraping eccentric guider - Google Patents
Multifunctional scraping eccentric guider Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114753805A CN114753805A CN202210518377.0A CN202210518377A CN114753805A CN 114753805 A CN114753805 A CN 114753805A CN 202210518377 A CN202210518377 A CN 202210518377A CN 114753805 A CN114753805 A CN 114753805A
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- Prior art keywords
- steel wire
- well
- eccentric guide
- pipe
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013587 production medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
- E21B37/02—Scrapers specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional scraping eccentric guider which comprises a pipe body, wherein the surface of the pipe body is fixedly connected with three groups of centering blocks, two groups of steel wire brushes are embedded among the three groups of centering blocks, and the two groups of centering blocks are longitudinally distributed on the same straight line along the length direction of a base pipe wall. According to the invention, through the scraping device at the upper part, the steel wire is woven into a spiral shape, the length of the steel wire is more than 15% of the diameter of the drill bit, the steel wire can well scrape a virtual mud cake on a well wall, a good condition is provided for cementing cement and the well wall, the guider at the lower part is designed into the eccentric guide shoe with the bearing, the spiral-shaped guide shoe is particularly suitable for a large-well-inclined directional well with multiple targets, a large-displacement well and a smart well with complex obstacle-detouring track, and can smoothly pass through when a dog leg or an inflection point is encountered, so that the occurrence of an obstacle-encountering clamping accident when the casing is lowered is avoided, the casing can be guided to the well bottom smoothly, the spiral-shaped guide shoe is particularly suitable for casing lowering of a large-displacement well with multiple targets, a horizontal well and a complex obstacle-detouring track, and the lower part structure of the casing is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of scraping guides, in particular to a multifunctional scraping eccentric guide.
Background
In oil field development engineering, an oil pipe is usually adopted as an injection and production pipeline for an oil well, a gas well or a water well, but due to the complexity of an injection and production medium, the pipe wall of the oil pipe can be scaled after the oil pipe is used for a period of time, and scaling substances are continuously deposited on the pipe wall of the oil pipe along with the prolonging of the service time of the oil pipe, so that the accessible area in the pipe of the oil pipe is reduced, and a downhole tool cannot be produced; the scraper body is driven to rotate through the driving device, so that scaling substances on the pipe wall of an oil pipe are scraped by the scraping blade, the success rate of running and operation of tools is improved, the existing scraping guider is not suitable for a directional well with large well inclination and multiple target points, a large displacement well and a smart well with complex obstacle-avoiding tracks in the use process, and the scraper can not pass through when meeting dog legs and inflection points, so that the phenomenon that a sleeve is run into to meet blocking accidents easily occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional scraping eccentric guider which has the advantages of strong adaptability and efficiency improvement, and solves the problems that the existing scraping guider is not suitable for a directional well with large well deflection and multiple target points, a large-displacement well and a smart well with complex obstacle-detouring track, can not pass through when a dog leg or an inflection point is encountered, and the occurrence of blocking accidents when a sleeve is lowered into the well is easy to occur.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the multifunctional scraping eccentric guider comprises a pipe body, wherein the surface of the pipe body is fixedly connected with centering blocks, the number of the centering blocks is three, two groups of steel wire brushes are embedded among the three groups of centering blocks, the two groups of centering blocks are longitudinally distributed on the same straight line along the length direction of a base pipe wall, the axis direction of the middle group of centering blocks deviates to one side of the pipe wall, the angle is 45-90 degrees, grooves are formed among the centering blocks, the steel wire brushes are embedded in the inner walls of the grooves, the grooves are in forward rotation and reverse rotation arrangement, the centering blocks and the steel wire brushes protrude out of the base pipe wall, the steel wire brushes form convex ridges along the length direction of the pipe wall, each two adjacent convex ridges on the left side and the right side of the pipe wall are lower than the convex ridges to form spiral channel guide grooves, each steel wire brush comprises a main plate and steel wires, the main plate is a curved strip-shaped surface attached to the base pipe wall, and the steel wires are woven into spiral steel wire bundles, the steel wire bundle is U type, the left side intercommunication of body has the guide shoe, the guide shoe includes eccentric guide shoe and connecting pipe, the inner chamber of connecting pipe is provided with the internal thread, the connecting pipe passes through internal thread and body threaded connection.
Preferably, the length of the steel wire brush steel wire is larger than 15% of the diameter of the drill bit, and the steel wire brush steel wire protrudes out of the wall of the base pipe and is divided into a left-handed group and a right-handed group.
Preferably, the steel wires at the top of the steel wire brush are higher than the height of the centering block, and the two groups of steel wire brushes are in the positive and negative directions.
Preferably, the surface of the main board is provided with holes, the steel wire penetrates through two adjacent holes, and two ends of the steel wire extend out of the same side of the main board.
Preferably, the main board is respectively embedded in the left-handed and right-handed grooves between the two end righting blocks and the middle righting block, and the left-handed and right-handed main boards are matched with the left-handed and right-handed grooves in shape and structure.
Preferably, the surface of connecting pipe and the surface of eccentric guide shoe all seted up the apopore, the connecting pipe is hollow cylinder.
Preferably, the right side cover on eccentric guide shoe surface is equipped with the bearing ball, the quantity of bearing ball is two sets of, the inner wall of connecting pipe is provided with the bearing housing supporting with the bearing ball.
Preferably, the head of the eccentric guide shoe is in the shape of a hollow football, a through hole leading to the inner cavity is formed in the head, and a part of the through hole is cut to the side of one of the water outlet holes along the top of the ball so that the water outlet hole is positioned in the middle of the inclined plane.
Preferably, the main plate is made of steel material, and the steel wire is made of manganese steel material.
Preferably, the left side fixedly connected with screw thread spliced pole of body, the body passes through screw thread spliced pole and connecting pipe threaded connection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through the scraping device at the upper part, the steel wire is woven into a spiral shape, the length of the steel wire is more than 15% of the diameter of the drill bit, the broken mud cake on the well wall can be well scraped, a good condition is provided for cementing cement and the well wall, the guider at the lower part is designed into the eccentric guide shoe with the bearing, the guide shoe is particularly suitable for a large-well-inclined and multi-target-point directional well, a large-displacement well and a smart well with a complex obstacle-detouring track, the guide shoe can smoothly pass through the guide shoe when meeting dog legs and inflection points, the occurrence of the blocking accident when the casing is put into the well can be avoided, the casing can be guided to smoothly go down to the well bottom, the casing can be particularly suitable for being used by the casing in the well with large-displacement, multi-target-point, horizontal well and complex obstacle-detouring track, the lower part structure of the casing is shortened, and the drilling cost is greatly saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a tube structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection between the eccentric guide shoe and the connecting pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left-hand structural diagram of the wire brush of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a right-hand structural diagram of the wire brush of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a connector structure according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the connection structure of the pipe body and the centering block according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a pipe body; 2. a righting block; 3. a wire brush; 31. a main board; 32. a steel wire; 4. a groove; 5. guiding a shoe; 51. an eccentric guide shoe; 52. a connecting pipe; 6. a water outlet hole; 7. a bearing ball; 8. and (4) connecting columns by screw threads.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the multi-functional scraping eccentric guider comprises a tube body 1, wherein the surface of the tube body 1 is fixedly connected with centering blocks 2, the number of the centering blocks 2 is three, two sets of steel wire brushes 3 are embedded between the three sets of centering blocks 2, the two sets of centering blocks 2 are longitudinally distributed on the same straight line along the length direction of the tube wall of a foundation, the axis direction of the middle set of centering blocks 2 deviates to one side of the tube wall at an angle of 45-90 degrees, grooves 4 are formed between the centering blocks 2, the steel wire brushes 3 are embedded in the inner wall of the grooves 4, the grooves 4 are arranged in a forward rotation and reverse rotation manner, the centering blocks 2 and the steel wire brushes 3 protrude out of the tube wall of the foundation, the steel wire brushes 3 form ridges along the length direction of the tube wall, each two adjacent ridges on the left and right sides of the tube wall are lower than the ridges to form spiral channel diversion grooves, the steel wire brushes 3 comprise main plates 31 and steel wires 32, the main plates 31 are strip-shaped surfaces attached to the tube wall of the foundation, the steel wire 32 is woven into a spiral steel wire bundle, the steel wire bundle is U-shaped, the left side of the pipe body 1 is communicated with a guide shoe 5, the guide shoe 5 comprises an eccentric guide shoe 51 and a connecting pipe 52, an inner cavity of the connecting pipe 52 is provided with an internal thread, the connecting pipe 52 is in threaded connection with the pipe body 1 through the internal thread, the steel wire 32 is woven into a spiral shape through a scraping device on the upper portion, the length of the spiral steel wire is larger than the diameter of a drill bit by 15%, a virtual mud cake on a well wall can be well scraped, a good condition is provided for cementing cement and the well wall, a guider on the lower portion is designed into the eccentric guide shoe 51 with a bearing, the spiral steel wire is particularly suitable for a large-well inclined directional well and a multi-target directional well, a large-displacement well and a smart well with a complex obstacle-winding track, the spiral steel wire can smoothly pass through the spiral steel wire when a dog leg and an inflection point are met, the occurrence of an obstacle-encountering accident when the sleeve is lowered into the well bottom, the well can be guided to the well smoothly go to the well bottom, and the large-displacement, the multi-target spot horizontal well can be particularly suitable for large-target well, The borehole casing with complex obstacle-detouring track is used, the lower structure of the casing is shortened, and the drilling cost is greatly saved.
3 steel wire 32 of steel brush is greater than 15% of drill bit diameter, protrusion in basic pipe wall branch levogyration group and dextrorotation group, has "< or" "type spiral channel" between per two adjacent steel wire 32, and the fluid produces the whirl when passing through, can improve washing efficiency and replacement efficiency, and 3 mainboards 31 of two sets of steel brush are rectangular shape for the curved surface of laminating basic pipe wall, and 3 positive and negative distributions of steel brush further strengthen the effect to improve second interface well cementation quality.
The steel wire 32 on the top of the steel wire brush 3 is higher than the height of the righting block 2, and the two groups of steel wire brushes 3 are in the positive and negative directions.
The surface of mainboard 31 has been seted up the hole, and steel wire 32 passes two adjacent holes, and both ends stretch out to the same one side of mainboard 31, adopts "U" type steel wire 32 to pass 31 hole technologies of mainboard, can avoid making steel wire 32 fragility increase because of welding process, and the easy rupture when using avoids steel wire 32 to take out and the disconnected silk in the use.
The mainboard 31 is inlayed respectively in the both ends and rights left-handed, dextrorotation recess 4 between piece 2 and the middle piece 2 of righting, and levogyration, dextrorotation mainboard 31 coincide with levogyration, dextrorotation recess 4 shape structure.
The surface of the connecting pipe 52 and the surface of the eccentric guide shoe 51 are both provided with water outlet holes 6, and the connecting pipe 52 is a hollow cylinder.
The right side of the surface of the eccentric guide shoe 51 is sleeved with two groups of bearing balls 7, and the inner wall of the connecting pipe 52 is provided with a bearing sleeve matched with the bearing balls 7.
The head of the eccentric guide shoe 51 is hollow football-shaped, a through hole leading to the inner cavity is formed, a part of the eccentric guide shoe is cut to the side of one water outlet hole 6 along the top of the ball to enable the water outlet hole 6 to be positioned in the middle of an inclined plane, and a guider at the lower part is designed into the eccentric guide shoe 51 with a bearing, so that the eccentric guide shoe is particularly suitable for a directional well with large well inclination and multiple target points, a large displacement well and a smart well with complex obstacle-surrounding tracks. When meeting the dog leg and the inflection point, the sleeve can pass through smoothly, so that the occurrence of blocking accidents when the sleeve is put down is avoided.
The main plate 31 is made of steel material, and the steel wires 32 are made of manganese steel material.
The left side fixedly connected with screw thread spliced pole 8 of body 1, body 1 is through screw thread spliced pole 8 and connecting pipe 52 threaded connection.
During the use, mainboard 31 inlays the levogyration between two ends piece 2 and the middle piece 2 of rightting, dextrorotation recess 4 respectively, levogyration, dextrorotation mainboard 31 coincide with levogyration, dextrorotation recess 4 shape structure, can closely laminate to the basic pipe wall, increase combination degree and fastness, compress tightly "U" shaped steel wire 32 simultaneously, adopt "U" shaped steel wire 32 to pass mainboard 31 hole technique, can avoid making steel wire 32 fragility increase because of welding process, easy rupture when using, avoid steel wire 32 to take out and the broken string in the use, draw shoe 5 top and meet the resistance in the course of the work, eccentric guide shoe 51 head just can be automatic yaw when the atress, continue the work of advancing.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. Multi-functional eccentric director of scraping, including body (1), its characterized in that: the pipe body (1) is fixedly connected with centering blocks (2) on the surface, the number of the centering blocks (2) is three, two groups of steel wire brushes (3) are embedded among the three groups of centering blocks (2), the two groups of centering blocks (2) are longitudinally distributed on the same straight line along the length direction of a basic pipe wall, the axis direction of the middle group of centering blocks (2) deviates to one side of the pipe wall, the angle is 45-90 degrees, grooves (4) are formed among the centering blocks (2), the steel wire brushes (3) are embedded in the inner wall of the grooves (4), the grooves (4) are arranged in a forward rotation and reverse rotation mode, the centering blocks (2) and the steel wire brushes (3) protrude out of the basic pipe wall, the steel wire brushes (3) form ridges along the length direction of the pipe wall, the left side pipe wall and the right side pipe wall of each two adjacent ridges are lower than the ridges to form spiral channel guide grooves, the steel wire brushes (3) comprise main boards (31) and steel wires (32), the main board (31) is a curved surface strip-shaped body attached to the wall of the base pipe, the steel wires (32) are woven into spiral steel wire bundles, the steel wire bundles are U-shaped, the left side of the pipe body (1) is communicated with a guide shoe (5), the guide shoe (5) comprises an eccentric guide shoe (51) and a connecting pipe (52), an inner cavity of the connecting pipe (52) is provided with an internal thread, and the connecting pipe (52) is in threaded connection with the pipe body (1) through the internal thread.
2. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the steel wire (32) of the steel wire brush (3) is larger than 15% of the diameter of the drill bit, and the steel wire protrudes out of the wall of the base pipe and is divided into a left-handed group and a right-handed group.
3. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: the top steel wire (32) of the steel wire brush (3) is higher than the height of the righting block (2), and the two groups of steel wire brushes (3) are in the positive and negative directions.
4. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: holes are formed in the surface of the main board (31), the steel wire (32) penetrates through the two adjacent holes, and two ends of the steel wire extend out of the same side of the main board (31).
5. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: the main board (31) is respectively embedded in the left-handed and right-handed grooves (4) between the two end righting blocks (2) and the middle righting block (2), and the left-handed and right-handed main boards (31) are matched with the left-handed and right-handed grooves (4) in shape and structure.
6. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: apopores (6) have all been seted up on the surface of connecting pipe (52) and the surface of eccentric guide shoe (51), connecting pipe (52) are hollow cylinder.
7. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: the right side cover on eccentric guide shoe (51) surface is equipped with bearing ball (7), the quantity of bearing ball (7) is two sets of, the inner wall of connecting pipe (52) is provided with the bearing housing who forms a complete set with bearing ball (7).
8. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: the head of the eccentric guide shoe (51) is in a hollow football shape, a through hole leading to the inner cavity is formed, and a part of the eccentric guide shoe is cut to the side of one water outlet hole (6) along the top of the ball so that the water outlet hole (6) is positioned in the middle of the inclined plane.
9. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: the main plate (31) is made of steel materials, and the steel wires (32) are made of manganese steel materials.
10. The multi-functional scraping eccentric guide of claim 1, characterized in that: the left side fixedly connected with screw thread spliced pole (8) of body (1), body (1) passes through screw thread spliced pole (8) and connecting pipe (52) threaded connection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210518377.0A CN114753805A (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Multifunctional scraping eccentric guider |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210518377.0A CN114753805A (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Multifunctional scraping eccentric guider |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114753805A true CN114753805A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
Family
ID=82335236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210518377.0A Pending CN114753805A (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Multifunctional scraping eccentric guider |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114753805A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5419397A (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 1995-05-30 | Well-Flow Technologies, Inc. | Well cleaning tool with scratching elements |
| US20020005284A1 (en) * | 2000-07-15 | 2002-01-17 | Anthony Allen | Well cleaning tool |
| CN201338003Y (en) * | 2009-01-10 | 2009-11-04 | 黑龙江北方双佳钻采机具有限责任公司 | Tube cleaner with tube cleaning steel brush |
| CN105604523A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州高峰石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for improving pipe scraper and pipe scraper |
| CN208168851U (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-30 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | A kind of down-hole casing cleaning device for inner wall |
| CN210660032U (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-06-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Bare hole well wall mud cake remover |
| CN111535756A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-14 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Self-centering rotary guide device |
-
2022
- 2022-05-12 CN CN202210518377.0A patent/CN114753805A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5419397A (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 1995-05-30 | Well-Flow Technologies, Inc. | Well cleaning tool with scratching elements |
| US20020005284A1 (en) * | 2000-07-15 | 2002-01-17 | Anthony Allen | Well cleaning tool |
| CN201338003Y (en) * | 2009-01-10 | 2009-11-04 | 黑龙江北方双佳钻采机具有限责任公司 | Tube cleaner with tube cleaning steel brush |
| CN105604523A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州高峰石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for improving pipe scraper and pipe scraper |
| CN208168851U (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-30 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | A kind of down-hole casing cleaning device for inner wall |
| CN210660032U (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-06-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Bare hole well wall mud cake remover |
| CN111535756A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-14 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Self-centering rotary guide device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 董世民、李宝生编著: "水平井有杆抽油系统设计", 31 October 1996, pages: 25 - 26 * |
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