CN114752947B - Preparation method of high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst Download PDF

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CN114752947B
CN114752947B CN202210376421.9A CN202210376421A CN114752947B CN 114752947 B CN114752947 B CN 114752947B CN 202210376421 A CN202210376421 A CN 202210376421A CN 114752947 B CN114752947 B CN 114752947B
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mxene
noble metal
nps
catalyst
activity
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CN114752947A (en
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王新磊
张显
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Shanghai Shengshui New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Shengshui New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C25B11/097Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds comprising two or more noble metals or noble metal alloys

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst, which comprises the following steps: 1) Preparing a Pt NPs@MXene carrier, namely uniformly dispersing single-layer MXene powder in an aqueous solution, adding the single-layer MXene powder into a precursor solution containing noble metal Pt, wherein the mass fraction of the noble metal Pt is 10 wt%, and adding a reducing agent to uniformly reduce the Pt on a nano sheet of the MXene to obtain the Pt NPs@MXene carrier; 2) Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the single-atom catalyst has the following beneficial effects: the problem of agglomeration in the noble metal loading process is solved, and the loading capacity and stability are improved. The preparation method of the catalyst provided by the invention mainly comprises the steps of firstly loading a layer of Pt NPs of 2-3 nm on a carrier MXene to obtain the catalyst Pt NPs@MXene, wherein the main function is to isolate Ir monoatoms and avoid agglomeration of the Ir monoatoms. In addition, ir atoms are anchored on porphyrin or phenanthroline to solve the aggregation of the Ir atoms, and then the Ir atoms and Pt NPs@MXene are loaded and annealed at high temperature to form Ir monoatoms.

Description

Preparation method of high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of catalysts, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a supported IrSAC@Pt NPs@MXene oxygen evolution catalyst with high activity and stability.
Background
Water electrolysis for hydrogen production (2H2O→O2+2H2) is attracting attention in the scientific community as a method for effectively obtaining clean energy. Wherein, the oxygen evolution reaction (2H2O→4H+O2+4e-) is a 4 electron electrochemical reaction process of O-H bond rupture and O-O bond formation, the chemical kinetics of the process is slow, the efficiency is low (the higher overpotential is shown), so the introduction of the catalyst effectively reduces the overpotential and accelerates the reaction process.
The supported noble metal catalyst is an important catalytic material, so that the production cost can be effectively reduced, the excellent catalytic activity is maintained, and the supported noble metal catalyst plays a vital role in industrial production. Research shows that the distribution and the size of the load of the noble metal catalyst on the carrier directly influence the catalytic activity of the noble metal catalyst. For the traditional supported noble metal catalyst, noble metal nano particles are nonuniform in size and different in exposed crystal faces, so that the catalyst has different selectivities to reactants or products, and in the single-atom catalyst, the active site is a noble metal single atom, and the single-atom catalyst has a single structure and can show excellent catalytic activity. On the other hand, the single-atom catalyst has maximum atom utilization rate because noble metal reaches atom dispersion, and has higher economic value compared with the traditional supported nano catalyst. The currently reported monoatomic catalyst is relatively difficult to prepare, the mass fraction of noble metal is more than 0.5%, if the loading of noble metal is increased, the generation of noble metal nano particles in the catalyst is difficult to avoid, and the surface energy of monoatomic or atomic clusters which are combined with a carrier is high, so that migration, agglomeration and sintering are easy at high temperature, and the stability of the catalyst is ensured by forming effective interaction with the carrier. Therefore, it is a great challenge how to prepare noble metal monoatomic catalysts with high content and high stability and apply them to industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a supported oxygen evolution catalyst with high activity and stability, and solves the problems in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation of Pt nps@mxene support:
uniformly dispersing single-layer MXene powder in an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into a precursor solution containing Pt noble metal, wherein the mass fraction of the noble metal Pt is 10 wt%, and adding a reducing agent to uniformly reduce the Pt on the nano-sheets of the MXene to obtain a Pt NPs@MXene carrier;
2) Preparation of monoatomic catalysts
The Ir atoms are anchored on the organic ligand, then the Ir atoms are loaded on the first carrier, the solid powder is obtained by freeze drying, and the single-atom catalyst with the noble metal Ir mass percent of 0.5-2wt% is obtained after calcining for 2 hours at 700 ℃ in an inert atmosphere.
As a preferred embodiment, the Pt precursor in step (1) is chloroplatinic acid, platinum tetrachloride, platinum acetylacetonate, and combinations thereof.
As a preferred embodiment, the Ir atoms in the step (2) are complexed with the organic ligand and are immobilized on the organic ligand, so that Ir atoms are prevented from agglomerating to form IrNPs.
As a preferred embodiment, the organic ligand of step (2) is porphyrin or phthalocyanine.
As a preferred embodiment, the monoatomic catalyst takes conductive two-dimensional nano sheets as a carrier, and the Ir noble metal is loaded on the carrier in an atomically dispersed form.
The single-atom catalyst is a supported catalyst, the carrier is a two-dimensional nano-sheet material MXene, and the carrier has excellent conductivity and large specific surface area, preferably MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x The noble metal components are Ir and Pt, the main active part of the noble metal component is Ir, the Pt has conducting and anchoring effects, the mass fraction of the noble metal Pt loaded on the carrier is preferably 10 wt%, and the mass fraction of the Ir is 0.5-2 wt%.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the problem of agglomeration in the noble metal loading process is solved, and the loading capacity and stability are improved. The preparation method of the catalyst provided by the invention mainly comprises the steps of firstly loading a layer of Pt NPs of 2-3 nm on a carrier MXene to obtain the catalyst Pt NPs@MXene, wherein the main function is to isolate Ir monoatoms and avoid agglomeration of the Ir monoatoms. In addition, ir atoms are anchored on porphyrin or phenanthroline to solve the aggregation of the Ir atoms, and then the Ir atoms and Pt NPs@MXene are loaded and annealed at high temperature to form Ir monoatoms.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the preparation method of the supported IrSAC@Pt NPs@MXene oxygen evolution catalyst with high activity and stability is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
dipping a single-layer MXene powder carrier into precursor solution of active component Pt with a certain content, wherein the precursor is chloride of noble metal, the weight percentage of the noble metal is 10-20 wt%, and stirring for 2 hours after ultrasonic dispersion;
adding a reducing agent into the solution, stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying;
dispersing organic ligands (porphyrin, phthalocyanine and the like) in a solvent, then adding a precursor of Ir, stirring, adding the obtained product, controlling the mass percentage of Ir to be 0.5-2wt%, and performing freeze drying after ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an Ir-containing intermediate product;
and carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the obtained Ir-containing intermediate product to obtain a catalyst IrSAC@Pt NPs@MXene containing Ir single atoms.
As an embodiment of the present invention: example 1
(1) Immersing 50 mg monolayer MXene Ti3C2 powder carrier in 50 mL aqueous solution containing 13.2 mg chloroplatinic acid, dispersing by ultrasonic wave, and stirring for 2 hours;
(2) Adding 6.6 mg sodium citrate and 10 mL formic acid reducer into the system, stirring in a water bath at 30 ℃ for 48 h, filtering, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying;
(3) Dispersing 2.0. 2.0 mg organic ligand porphyrin in a proper amount of water, then adding 0.46 mg iridium chloride precursor, stirring at 80 ℃ for 12 h, cooling to room temperature, adding the product obtained in the step (2), controlling the mass percentage of Ir to be 0.5 wt%, performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly, and then performing freeze drying to obtain an Ir-containing intermediate product;
(4) And carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the obtained Ir-containing intermediate product. Under the protection of Ar gas atmosphere, the temperature is kept at 2h at the temperature of 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and the catalyst IrSAC@Pt NPs@MXene-0.5 containing Ir monoatoms is obtained.
Example 2
Repeating step (1) and step (2) in example 1;
dispersing 4.0 mg organic ligand porphyrin in a proper amount of water, then adding 0.92 mg iridium chloride precursor, stirring at 80 ℃ for 12 h, cooling to room temperature, adding the product obtained in the step (2), controlling the mass percentage of Ir to be 1.0wt%, and performing freeze drying after ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an Ir-containing intermediate product;
and carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the obtained Ir-containing intermediate product. Under the protection of Ar gas atmosphere, heat preservation is carried out for 1 h at the temperature rising rate of 2 ℃/min to 600 ℃, and the catalyst IrSAC@Pt NPs@MXene-1.0 containing Ir monoatoms is obtained.
Example 3
Repeating step (1) and step (2) in example 1;
dispersing 8.0. 8.0 mg of organic ligand porphyrin in a proper amount of water, then adding 1.84 mg of iridium chloride precursor, stirring at 80 ℃ for 12 h, cooling to room temperature, adding the product obtained in the step (2), controlling the mass percent of Ir to be 2.0wt%, and performing freeze drying after ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an Ir-containing intermediate product;
and carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the obtained Ir-containing intermediate product. Under the protection of Ar gas atmosphere, heat preservation is carried out for 1 h at the temperature rising rate of 2 ℃/min to 600 ℃ to obtain the catalyst IrSAC@Pt NPs@MXene-2.0 containing Ir monoatoms.
Example 4
Unlike example 1, the organic ligand porphyrin was replaced with an equivalent amount of phthalocyanine.
Example 5
Unlike example 2, the organic ligand porphyrin was replaced with an equivalent amount of phthalocyanine.
Example 6
Unlike example 3, the organic ligand porphyrin was replaced with an equivalent amount of phthalocyanine.
The test procedure was as follows:
assembling a rotary disk electrode (Rotating Disk Electrode, RDE) for testing, dripping the catalyst ink prepared in the examples and the comparative examples on a working electrode, wherein CV testing conditions are that electrolyte is a 0.5M H2SO4 water solution saturated by N2, the potential range is 0V-1.4V relative to a reversible hydrogen electrode, and the scanning speed is 100mV/s; the oxygen evolution test condition is that the electrolyte is O2 saturated 0.5M H2SO4 water solution, the potential range of the reversible hydrogen electrode is 1.2V-1.8V, and the scanning speed is 5 mV/s.
The RDE test results are shown in table 1:
numbering device Overpotential (mV) @10 (mA/cm 2) Mass activity (mA/mgIr) @1.51V Stability (retention after 3K cycles)
Example 1 286 843 91.5%
Example 2 265 862 95.2%
Example 3 251 796 98.7%
Example 4 291 815 90.2%
Example 5 272 835 94.3%
Example 6 258 775 98.1%
Comparative example 1 311 408 78.8%
Comparative example 2 302 513 83.6%
As can be seen from Table 1, the catalysts of examples 1 to 6 have higher electrochemical activity area, higher mass activity and higher stability than those of comparative examples 1 to 2, which means that the catalysts of examples 1 to 6 have more stable nanoparticles and more regular arrangement, and thus have better catalytic activity and stability.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The preparation method of the supported oxygen evolution catalyst with high activity and stability is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Preparation of Pt nps@mxene support:
uniformly dispersing single-layer MXene powder in an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into a precursor solution containing noble metal Pt, wherein the mass fraction of the noble metal Pt is 10 wt%, and adding a reducing agent to uniformly reduce the Pt on the nano-sheets of the MXene to obtain a Pt NPs@MXene carrier;
2) Preparation of monoatomic catalysts
Dispersing organic ligand porphyrin or phthalocyanine in a proper amount of water, then adding an Ir precursor, stirring, adding the product obtained in the step 1), performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly, and then performing freeze drying to obtain solid powder, and calcining at 700 ℃ for 2 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain the monoatomic catalyst with the noble metal Ir mass percent of 0.5-2 wt%.
2. The method for preparing the high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the precursor containing the noble metal Pt in the step 1) is chloroplatinic acid, platinum tetrachloride, platinum acetylacetonate and a combination thereof.
3. The method for preparing the high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the Ir atoms in the step 2) are complexed with the organic ligand and are fixed on the organic ligand, so that Ir atoms are prevented from agglomerating to form Ir NPs.
4. The method for preparing the high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the single-atom catalyst takes a conductive two-dimensional nano sheet as a carrier, and noble metal Ir is loaded on the carrier in an atomic-scale dispersion mode.
CN202210376421.9A 2022-04-02 2022-04-02 Preparation method of high-activity and stability supported oxygen evolution catalyst Active CN114752947B (en)

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CN110404532A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-05 北京邮电大学 A kind of method that wet-chemical polishing prepares noble metal cluster or monatomic catalyst
CN110665546A (en) * 2019-09-03 2020-01-10 北京氦舶科技有限责任公司 Noble metal/amino MOFs selective hydrogenation catalyst, preparation method and application thereof
CN111545229A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-08-18 北京邮电大学 Method for preparing MXene supported noble metal catalyst by ultrasonic-assisted method
CN112264062A (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-26 兰州交通大学 Preparation and application of monatomic platinum catalyst based on MXene quantum dots
US10967363B1 (en) * 2017-10-16 2021-04-06 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Two-dimensional metal carbide catalyst

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US10967363B1 (en) * 2017-10-16 2021-04-06 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Two-dimensional metal carbide catalyst
CN110404532A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-05 北京邮电大学 A kind of method that wet-chemical polishing prepares noble metal cluster or monatomic catalyst
CN110665546A (en) * 2019-09-03 2020-01-10 北京氦舶科技有限责任公司 Noble metal/amino MOFs selective hydrogenation catalyst, preparation method and application thereof
CN111545229A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-08-18 北京邮电大学 Method for preparing MXene supported noble metal catalyst by ultrasonic-assisted method
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