CN114752819A - Nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114752819A CN114752819A CN202210410987.9A CN202210410987A CN114752819A CN 114752819 A CN114752819 A CN 114752819A CN 202210410987 A CN202210410987 A CN 202210410987A CN 114752819 A CN114752819 A CN 114752819A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical class Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- RXCBCUJUGULOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-H dipotassium;tetrafluorotitanium;difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[K+].[Ti+4] RXCBCUJUGULOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical class F* 0.000 claims description 2
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 potassium fluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
- C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1094—Alloys containing non-metals comprising an after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.2-0.7%, Cu 0.002-0.006%, Fe 0.1-0.6%, Mn 0.1-0.6%, Zr 0.05-0.2%, V0.05-0.2%, TiB20.8 to 1.5 percent of particles and the balance of Al. In the invention, the nanometer TiB with a large amount of internal crystal and grain boundary and uniform dispersion is obtained by redesigning the components of the aluminum alloy2Nano ceramic reinforcement, alloyThe gold precipitate phase is fine. Most importantly, TiB2The particles are self-generated from an in-situ reaction in an aluminum melt, bond well to an aluminum matrix, and are excellent in strength stability as a ceramic phase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of economy and society, automobiles gradually enter common families and become necessary tools for people to go out and live. The China Association of automotive industries statistically showed that 1052.86 million cars were sold in 2016, a 20.50% increase in year-on-year percentage. With the popularization of new energy automobiles, light weight is an important trend in the future, and the application rate of aluminum alloy on automobiles is higher and reaches more than 30%. The high efficiency, low cost and high performance of the production of key parts of automobiles become the core of various automobile manufacturers to improve the product competitiveness.
The casting process of the aluminum alloy steering knuckle of the passenger vehicle comprises gravity casting, low-pressure casting, counter-pressure casting and forging according to a forming mode. There are sand mold casting and metal mold casting according to the mold form. At present, the manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy steering knuckle blank which is popular in China and Europe is gravity metal mold casting, low-pressure metal mold casting, counter-pressure metal mold casting and forging process. In addition, the casting mode of vacuum casting is derived by matching with the vacuum pumping of the casting mould cavity, and the extrusion casting derived from the high-pressure casting technology has little application in the manufacturing process of the steering knuckle.
For example, CN110144478A discloses an aluminum-based composite material, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a high-toughness in-situ nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The spiral circulation stirring compounding and extruding integrated device based on design is characterized in that firstly, an aluminum matrix alloy is placed into the spiral circulation stirring compounding device to be heated to a certain temperature and melted, an in-situ reactant is placed, in-situ nano compounding is achieved under the action of spiral circulation stirring, then an in-situ composite melt is directly introduced into the spiral extruding device and cooled to a lower temperature in the spiral extruding device, crushing of nano particle clusters and refining of matrix grains in the nano particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material synthesized in situ are achieved by utilizing large deformation shearing action generated by movement of a screw in the spiral extruding device, and finally, a high-strength and high-toughness in-situ nano particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material section bar in a required shape is obtained through extrusion end die forming.
CN107267817A discloses a high-strength anti-fatigue in-situ nano reinforced aluminum alloy and a die-casting method thereof. And obtaining the die casting by in-situ nano reinforcement, alloy component regulation and control and combining with an optimized nonlinear high-pressure die casting process. By means of in-situ nano-ZrB2Reinforcement and nano Al3The scale effect, the interface effect and the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the Er precipitated phase obviously improve the strength, the fatigue resistance and the damping performance of the alloy; meanwhile, the contents of Mg, Zn and Fe elements are improved, Mn and Ni elements are introduced, the content of a strengthening phase is improved, high strength is obtained, harmful coarse precipitated phases such as Al-Fe and the like are effectively refined and rounded, and good die casting performance of the alloy is guaranteed; therefore, the member produced by the alloy and the die casting method thereof has the characteristics of high plasticity, high fatigue resistance, high damping performance and good die casting performance.
CN104878227A discloses a preparation method of a high-strength cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components: al, Zn, Ni, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, etc., the alloy being prepared by the steps of: preparing and melting an alloy; carrying out rotary blowing treatment; adding nano ceramic particles; carrying out ultrasonic treatment; casting a melt; solution treatment; and (5) aging treatment. Compared with the prior art, the advantage lies in: the prepared high-strength cast aluminum alloy has uniform microstructure and good obdurability matching; by adopting nano-particle modification and power ultrasonic treatment, the problems of thick solidified second phase and uneven distribution during aluminum alloy casting are solved.
However, the aluminum alloy in the prior art still has the problems of low strength, poor toughness and the like when being used.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which have high strength and high toughness and improve the plasticity, fatigue resistance and damping performance of the aluminum alloy by regulating and controlling the alloy components.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a nano-ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy, comprising, in mass percent: si 0.2-0.7%, Cu 0.002-0.006%, Fe 0.1-0.6%, Mn 0.1-0.6%, Zr 0.05-0.2%, V0.05-0.2%, TiB20.8 to 1.5 percent of particles and the balance of Al.
In the invention, through redesigning the components of the aluminum alloy and adjusting Si, Zr, V and TiB2And the obtained nano TiB with a large amount of internal crystal and grain boundary and uniform dispersion2The nano ceramic reinforcement has fine alloy precipitated phase. In the invention, the Si particles provide certain high-temperature strength; cu and Mg can form a stable second phase with low diffusion rate in the aluminum alloy, and can play a role in strengthening at high temperature; zr and V can form a second phase with thermal stability and can refine the aluminum alloy structure to play a role in strengthening. Most importantly, TiB 2The particles are self-generated from an aluminum melt by an in-situ reaction, are well bonded to an aluminum matrix, and are excellent in strength stability as a ceramic phase.
In the present invention, the content of Si in the aluminum alloy is 0.2 to 0.7% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, or 0.7%, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in this range are also applicable.
In the present invention, Cu in the aluminum alloy is 0.002 to 0.006% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, or 0.006%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are also applicable.
In the present invention, Fe in the aluminum alloy may be 0.1 to 0.6% by mass, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, etc., but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also applicable.
In the present invention, the content of Mn in the aluminum alloy is 0.1 to 0.6% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, or the like, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range are also applicable.
In the present invention, Zr in the aluminum alloy is 0.005 to 0.2% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.011%, 0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, or 0.2%, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the range are also applicable.
In the present invention, V in the aluminum alloy may be 0.005 to 0.2% by mass, for example, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.011%, 0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, or 0.2%, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the range are also applicable.
In the invention, TiB in the aluminum alloy2The particles may be present in an amount of 0.8 to 1.5% by mass, for example 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4% or 1.5% by mass, but are not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range are equally applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the TiB2The particles have a particle size of 20 to 400nm, and may be, for example, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 140nm, 160nm, 180nm, 200nm, 220nm, 240nm, 260nm, 280nm, 300nm, 310nm, 320nm, 330nm, 340nm, 350nm, 360nm, 370nm, 380nm, 390nm or 400nm, but the particles are not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable. The distribution range of the particle size can fully exert the coupling enhancement effect of the cross-scale particle size.
TiB2The particles are fine in size and are uniformly and dispersedly distributed on the alloy matrix, so that the strong plasticity, the fatigue resistance and the damping performance of the alloy component are obviously improved.
Preferably, said TiB2The cross-sectional shape of the particles is rectangular or hexagonal.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of making an aluminum alloy as set forth in the first aspect, the method comprising:
(1) melting and heating an aluminum ingot, then adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate, stirring and introducing inert gas;
(2) adding silicon, magnesium, intermediate alloy and a refining agent for refining, and then standing and pouring to obtain a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy primary material;
(3) and (4) carrying out first heat treatment and second heat treatment on the primary nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (3) to obtain the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy.
According to the preparation method provided by the invention, through designing the components of the aluminum alloy and adopting a specific heat treatment process, the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and plasticity, high fatigue resistance and high damping performance.
In the invention, the die can be preheated to 220 ℃ during casting, and the addition amount of the silicon, the magnesium and the intermediate alloy is added according to the composition of the aluminum alloy.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature at the end of the temperature increase in the step (1) is 880-1000 ℃ and may be, for example, 880 ℃, 890 ℃, 900 ℃, 910 ℃, 920 ℃, 930 ℃, 940 ℃, 950 ℃, 960 ℃, 970 ℃, 980 ℃, 990 ℃ or 1000 ℃ or the like, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the potassium fluoroborate to the potassium fluorotitanate in the step (1) is 1 (0.8-1), and may be, for example, 1:0.8, 1:0.81, 1:0.82, 1:0.83, 1:0.84, 1:0.85, 1:0.86, 1:0.87, 1:0.88, 1:0.89, 1:0.9, 1:0.91, 1:0.92, 1:0.93, 1:0.94, 1:0.95, 1:0.96, 1:0.97, 1:0.98, 1:0.99 or 1:1, but is not limited thereto, and other values not specifically recited in the above range can be similarly applied.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the intermediate alloy in the step (2) comprises Al-50% Cu alloy, Al-20% Fe alloy, Al-10% Mn alloy, Al-10% Zr alloy and Al-5% V alloy.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the refining agent in the step (2) comprises chlorine salt and/or fluorine salt.
Preferably, the chloride salt comprises lithium chloride and/or magnesium chloride.
Preferably, the fluoride salt comprises aluminium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and/or sodium fluoroaluminate;
preferably, the refining agent is added in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by mass of the melt, for example, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% or the like, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are also applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the first heat treatment is sequentially carrying out heat preservation at 510-530 ℃ for 1-2h and at 535-545 ℃ for 6-12 h.
In the present invention, the first heat treatment may be performed at 510 ℃ to 530 ℃, for example, 510 ℃, 515 ℃, 520 ℃, 525 ℃ or 530 ℃, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and other values not listed in the range are also applicable.
In the present invention, the first heat treatment is performed at 510-530 ℃ for 1-2h, such as 1h, 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h or 2h, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also applicable.
In the present invention, the first heat treatment is further performed at 535-545 ℃ for 6-12h, such as 535 ℃, 540 ℃ or 545 ℃ for 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h or 12h, but not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the first heat treatment has a temperature rise rate of 100 ℃/h or less, and may be, for example, 100 ℃/h, 90 ℃/h, 80 ℃/h, 70 ℃/h, 60 ℃/h, or 50 ℃/h, etc., but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in this range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second heat treatment is performed by sequentially performing heat preservation at 100-120 ℃ for 1-3h and at 150-175 ℃ for 4-12h, such as at 100 ℃, 110 ℃ or 120 ℃, 1h, 2h or 3h, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃ or 175 ℃, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h or 12h, but not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above range are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature increase rate of the second heat treatment is 100 ℃/h or less, and may be, for example, 100 ℃/h, 90 ℃/h, 80 ℃/h, 70 ℃/h, 60 ℃/h, or 50 ℃/h, etc., but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also applicable.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method comprises:
(1) melting and heating an aluminum ingot, then adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate, stirring and simultaneously introducing inert gas; the mass ratio of the potassium fluoborate to the potassium fluotitanate is 1 (0.8-1);
(2) Adding silicon, magnesium, intermediate alloy and a refining agent for refining, and then standing and pouring to obtain a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy primary material;
(3) carrying out first heat treatment and second heat treatment on the primary nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (3) to obtain the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy;
the first heat treatment is to sequentially carry out heat preservation for 1-2h at the temperature of 510-530 ℃ and for 6-12h at the temperature of 535-545 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h;
the second heat treatment is to sequentially preserve heat for 1-3h at the temperature of 100-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, the nanometer TiB with a large amount of internal crystal and grain boundary and uniform dispersion is obtained by redesigning the components of the aluminum alloy2The nano ceramic reinforcement has fine alloy precipitated phase. TiB2The particles are self-generated from an in-situ reaction in the aluminum melt, bond well to the aluminum matrix, andit is excellent in strength stability as a ceramic phase.
(2) According to the invention, the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and plasticity, high fatigue resistance and high damping performance through alloy components and a specific heat treatment process, the tensile strength of the obtained aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 340MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of titanium diboride in the aluminum alloy obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of an aluminum alloy obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the rear edge of a part made of the aluminum alloy obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a spectrum of distribution of elements in the aluminum alloy obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
The present invention is described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the claims, which are defined by the claims.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions thereof, typical but non-limiting examples of the invention are as follows:
example 1
The embodiment provides a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.5%, Cu 0.005%, Fe 0.15%, Mn 0.2%, Zr 0.1%, V0.1%, TiB21.5% of particles and the balance of Al
The aluminum alloy is prepared by the following method:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot, heating to 920 ℃, adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate, stirring and introducing inert gas, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium fluoborate to the potassium fluotitanate is 1: 0.9;
(2) Adding silicon, magnesium, intermediate alloy and a refining agent for refining, and then standing and pouring to obtain a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy primary material; the intermediate alloy is Al-50% Cu alloy, Al-20% Fe alloy, Al-10% Mn alloy, Al-10% Zr alloy and Al-5% V alloy; the refining agent is sodium fluoroaluminate, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 1.5 percent of the mass of the solution;
(3) carrying out first heat treatment and second heat treatment on the primary nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (3) to obtain the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy;
the first heat treatment is to sequentially preserve heat for 1.5 hours at 520 ℃ and preserve heat for 8.8 hours at 540 ℃;
the heating rate of the first heat treatment is 100 ℃/h;
the second heat treatment is that the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours at 110 ℃ and for 8 hours at 165 ℃ in sequence;
the temperature rise rate of the second heat treatment is 100 ℃/h.
The parameters of the obtained aluminum alloy are shown in table 1, the SEM photograph of titanium diboride in the obtained aluminum alloy is shown in fig. 1, the SEM photograph of the aluminum alloy is shown in fig. 2, the SEM photograph of the rear edge of the part prepared from the aluminum alloy is shown in fig. 3, and the energy spectrum of the distribution of each element in the aluminum alloy is shown in fig. 4.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.3%, Cu 0.004%, Fe 0.3%, Mn 0.4%, Zr 0.15%, V0.15%, TiB 21% of particles and the balance of Al
The aluminum alloy is prepared by the following method:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot, heating to 880 ℃, adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate, stirring and introducing inert gas, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium fluoborate to the potassium fluotitanate is 1: 0.8;
(2) adding silicon, magnesium, intermediate alloy and a refining agent for refining, and then standing and pouring to obtain a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy primary material; the intermediate alloy is Al-50% Cu alloy, Al-20% Fe alloy, Al-10% Mn alloy, Al-10% Zr alloy and Al-5% V alloy; the refining agent is magnesium chloride, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 3 percent of the mass of the solution;
(3) carrying out first heat treatment and second heat treatment on the primary nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (3) to obtain the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy;
the first heat treatment is to sequentially preserve heat at 510 ℃ for 2h and at 545 ℃ for 7 h;
the heating rate of the first heat treatment is 70 ℃/h;
the second heat treatment is to sequentially preserve heat at 120 ℃ for 1h and at 175 ℃ for 11 h;
the temperature rise rate of the second heat treatment is 80 ℃/h.
The parameters of the obtained aluminum alloy are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.6%, Cu 0.003%, Fe 0.3%, Mn 0.3%, Zr 0.2%, V0.2%, TiB 21.2% of particles and the balance of Al
The aluminum alloy is prepared by the following method:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot, heating to 1000 ℃, adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate, stirring, and introducing inert gas, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium fluoborate to the potassium fluotitanate is 1: 1;
(2) adding silicon, magnesium, intermediate alloy and a refining agent for refining, and then standing and pouring to obtain a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy primary material; the intermediate alloy is Al-50% Cu alloy, Al-20% Fe alloy, Al-10% Mn alloy, Al-10% Zr alloy and Al-5% V alloy; the refining agent is aluminum fluoride, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5 percent of the mass of the solution;
(3) carrying out first heat treatment and second heat treatment on the primary nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (3) to obtain the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy;
the first heat treatment is to sequentially preserve heat at 530 ℃ for 1h and at 535 ℃ for 11 h;
the heating rate of the first heat treatment is 80 ℃/h;
the second heat treatment is to sequentially preserve heat for 3 hours at 100 ℃ and preserve heat for 4 hours at 150 ℃;
the temperature rise rate of the second heat treatment is 66 ℃/h.
The parameters of the obtained aluminum alloy are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is that the Si content is 10%, and the parameters of the resulting aluminum alloy are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that V was not added and the parameters of the resulting aluminum alloy are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that V was replaced with an equal amount of B, and the parameters of the resulting aluminum alloy are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 1 is that the first heat treatment is a heat preservation at 520 ℃ for 10.3h, i.e. the first heat treatment is directly carried out at a lower temperature without a step treatment, and the parameters of the obtained aluminum alloy are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that the first heat treatment is a heat preservation at 540 ℃ for 10.3h, i.e. the first heat treatment is directly carried out at a higher temperature for one treatment without a step treatment, and the parameters of the obtained aluminum alloy are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 6
The only difference from example 1 is that the second heat treatment is a heat-insulated treatment at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, i.e. the second heat treatment is carried out directly in one treatment at a lower temperature, without a step treatment, and the parameters of the obtained aluminum alloy are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 7
The only difference from example 1 is that the second heat treatment was carried out at 165 ℃ for 10 hours, i.e., the second heat treatment was carried out directly at a higher temperature without a step treatment, and the parameters of the resulting aluminum alloy are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 parameters of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples and comparative examples
As is apparent from the results of the above examples and comparative examples, in the present invention, by redesigning the composition of the aluminum alloy, nano TiB in which the intra-crystalline and grain boundaries contain a large amount and are uniformly dispersed is obtained2The nano ceramic reinforcement has fine alloy precipitated phase. TiB2The particles are self-generated from an in-situ reaction in an aluminum melt, bond well to an aluminum matrix, and are excellent in strength stability as a ceramic phase.
The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass：Si 0.2-0.7％，Cu 0.002-0.006％，Fe 0.1-0.6％，Mn 0.1-0.6％，Zr 0.05-0.2％，V 0.05-0.2％，TiB20.8 to 1.5 percent of particles and the balance of Al.
2. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the TiB2The particle size of the particles is 20-400 nm;
preferably, said TiB2The cross-sectional shape of the particles is rectangular or hexagonal.
3. The method of producing the aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 2, comprising:
(1) melting and heating an aluminum ingot, then adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate, stirring and simultaneously introducing inert gas;
(2) adding silicon, magnesium, intermediate alloy and a refining agent for refining, and then standing and pouring to obtain a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy primary material;
(3) And (4) carrying out first heat treatment and second heat treatment on the primary material of the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy obtained in the step (3) to obtain the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature increase of step (1) is performed at an end point temperature of 880-1000 ℃.
5. The production method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium fluoroborate to the potassium fluorotitanate in the step (1) is 1 (0.8-1).
6. The method of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the master alloy of step (2) comprises an Al-50% Cu alloy, an Al-20% Fe alloy, an Al-10% Mn alloy, an Al-10% Zr alloy, and an Al-5% V alloy.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the refining agent of step (2) comprises a chlorine salt and/or a fluorine salt;
preferably, the chloride salt comprises lithium chloride and/or magnesium chloride;
preferably, the fluoride salt comprises aluminium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and/or sodium fluoroaluminate;
preferably, the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5 to 3% by mass of the melt.
8. The method according to any one of claims 3-7, wherein the first heat treatment is performed by sequentially performing heat preservation at 530 ℃ for 1-2h and at 545 ℃ for 535-12 h;
Preferably, the temperature rise rate of the first heat treatment is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h.
9. The method according to any one of claims 3-8, wherein the second heat treatment comprises sequentially maintaining at 100-120 ℃ for 1-3h and at 150-175 ℃ for 4-12 h;
preferably, the temperature rise rate of the second heat treatment is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h.
10. The method of any one of claims 3-9, comprising:
(1) melting and heating an aluminum ingot, then adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate, stirring and simultaneously introducing inert gas; the mass ratio of the potassium fluoborate to the potassium fluotitanate is 1 (0.8-1);
(2) adding silicon, magnesium, intermediate alloy and a refining agent for refining, and then standing and pouring to obtain a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy primary material;
(3) carrying out first heat treatment and second heat treatment on the primary nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (3) to obtain the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy;
the first heat treatment is to sequentially carry out heat preservation for 1-2h at the temperature of 510-530 ℃ and for 6-12h at the temperature of 535-545 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h;
the second heat treatment is to sequentially preserve heat for 1-3h at the temperature of 100-.
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