CN114750162A - High-dynamic motion mass center compliant control method for humanoid robot - Google Patents
High-dynamic motion mass center compliant control method for humanoid robot Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1628—Programme controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/1633—Programme controls characterised by the control loop compliant, force, torque control, e.g. combined with position control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1656—Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators
- B25J9/1664—Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators characterised by motion, path, trajectory planning
Abstract
The invention provides a high dynamic motion mass center compliance control method of a humanoid robot, which is characterized in that a feedback controller is designed based on a linear quadratic regulator, and the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum is calculated; and integrating the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the centroid momentum to obtain the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum, superposing the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum on the expected centroid position and the momentum, updating the expected track, and sending the solved joint track to the robot for execution. According to the method, the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum is calculated to obtain a feedback coefficient required by the compliance control, so that the time for adjusting the feedback coefficient is effectively reduced; the invention simultaneously considers the variation of the mass center line momentum and the angular momentum, realizes the soft control of the mass center in the moving direction and the rotating direction, and improves the stability of the high dynamic motion of the robot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of humanoid robots, and particularly relates to a high-dynamic motion mass center compliant control method for a humanoid robot.
Background
Humanoid robot need maintain self-stability through adjusting terminal contact force when receiving external disturbance, because contact force and the whole barycenter of robot and momentum are closely related, consequently often need carry out gentle and agreeable control simultaneously to terminal and the barycenter of robot when carrying out stable control to the robot to make the robot can bear great external disturbance that lasts. At present, most of the center-of-mass compliance control of humanoid robots focuses on studying compliance control of movement related to the degree of freedom of center-of-mass movement (namely, center-of-mass position and center-of-mass linear momentum), and does not relate to compliance control of movement related to the degree of freedom of center-of-mass rotation (namely, angular momentum around the center of mass). Although the angular momentum of the robot around its center of mass is negligible when the robot is performing low speed or static motions (e.g., walking at a slow speed, standing, etc.), the angular momentum around the center of mass is not negligible and is critical to the completion of the motion when the robot is performing high dynamic motions (e.g., running, jumping, etc.). Therefore, when the robot performs high dynamic motion, the robot needs to perform compliance control on the relative motion of the mass center movement and the rotational freedom degree of the robot at the same time, so that the robot can realize stable high dynamic motion.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-dynamic-motion mass center compliance control method of a humanoid robot, which realizes the compliance control of the mass center state of the robot in the moving and rotating directions.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following means.
A high dynamic motion mass center compliant control method of a humanoid robot is specifically as follows:
acquiring the position and posture of a floating base of the robot, and calculating the actual position and posture of the contacted tail end;
calculating the actual contact resultant force/moment applied to the robot according to the actual pose and stress of the tail end of the contacted robot;
designing a feedback controller based on a linear quadratic regulator, and calculating the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum;
integrating the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the centroid momentum to obtain the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum, and updating the expected centroid position and the momentum trajectory by using the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum;
the joint track obtained by solving is sent to the robot for execution;
the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum is as follows:
wherein :is the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum, mu is the control quantity, x is the state quantity, K is the feedback coefficient matrixAnd weight matrix Q, R;
the coefficient matrix satisfies:
wherein: contact resultant force/moment error amount Δ λ ═ Δ f Δ τ]TError amount of contact resultant force/moment variationCompensation quantity of robot momentum delta h ═ delta hl Δha]TCompensation amount of robot momentum variationCompensation of second derivative of robot momentumResultant force of contactAmount of error ofError amount of variation of resultant contact forceError amount of contact resultant momentError amount of variation of contact resultant moment Andrespectively the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the centroid linear momentum and the angular momentum,andcompensation, Δ h, of the first derivative of the linear and angular momenta of the center of mass, respectivelyl and ΔhaRespectively the compensation quantity of the centroid linear momentum and the angular momentum,andrespectively measuring the expected contact resultant force and the expected contact moment of the robot,andrespectively the expected values of the resultant force and the resultant moment of the robot contact,as a measure of the variation of the resultant contact force,for the desired value of the amount of change in the resultant contact force,is a measure of the amount of change in contact torque,the expected value of the variation of the contact resultant moment is T, the lag time is T, and the unit matrix is I;
the weight matrix satisfies:
wherein: j is the objective function.
According to the further technical scheme, the floating base pose of the robot is obtained by reading IMU positions and pose measurement values.
According to a further technical scheme, the actual pose of the contacted tail end is as follows:
wherein ,is the actual attitude rotation matrix of the terminal i under the world coordinate system,the actual position of the end i in the world coordinate system,for robots in practiceThe actual position and posture under the coordinate system,is the actual joint angle of the robot, FK_iThe positive kinematics algorithm for solving the pose of any connecting rod from the joint angle is shown in the specification, and C is a contacted tail end sequence number set.
In a further technical solution, the contacted terminal sequence number set C is:
wherein ,is the vertical force measurement of the ith end force sensor, fsatIs the contact threshold.
In a further technical scheme, the actual contact resultant force/moment applied to the robot is as follows:
wherein ,the actual position of the end i in the world coordinate system,the actual mass center position of the robot under the world coordinate system,wfi mandthe stress and the moment of the terminal i are respectively expressed in a world coordinate system.
According to the further technical scheme, the expected centroid position and the expected momentum track are updated by utilizing the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum, and the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum is superposed on the expected centroid position and the momentum to update the expected track.
In a further technical solution, the updated trajectory is:
hd*=Δh+hd
wherein ,hdAndrespectively the original expected mass center momentum, the mass center position, hd*Andrespectively the updated expected centroid momentum, centroid position.
According to a further technical scheme, the joint track angle is obtained by solving a joint angle through inverse kinematics:
wherein :is the angular acceleration of the joint and the angle of the joint, F, expected to be issuedIK() is a humanoid robot inverse kinematics solution method based on quadratic programming,the desired tip position and pose.
According to the further technical scheme, the robot expects that the resultant contact force and resultant moment meet the following requirements:
wherein :andrespectively, the expected mass core line momentum variation and the angular momentum variation, wherein M is the total mass of the robot, and G is the gravity acceleration vector.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention constructs a linear model of the relation between the actual mass center state and the measured contact force, and calculates the feedback coefficient required by the compliance control based on the linear quadratic regulator, thereby effectively reducing the time for regulating the feedback coefficient;
(2) the method calculates the expected contact resultant force/moment, considers the mass center line momentum variation and the angular momentum variation, realizes the flexible control of the mass center in the moving direction and the rotating direction, and realizes the flexible control of the mass center state in the moving and rotating directions when the humanoid robot performs high dynamic motion (the angular momentum of the robot is not negligible), thereby improving the stability of the high dynamic motion of the robot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the high dynamic motion mass center compliance control of the humanoid robot of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the centroid stress of the humanoid robot of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the relationship between the local terminal coordinate system and the world coordinate system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses a high dynamic motion mass center compliant control method of a humanoid robot, which comprises the following steps:
step (1), calculating expected contact resultant force/moment according to the expected mass center momentum of the current robot;
the invention considers that the expected centroid position and momentum trajectory are known, the expected contact resultant force/moment of the robot can be obtained by the humanoid robot mass cardiac mechanics (as shown in figure 2):
wherein ,andrespectively are expected values of the resultant force and the resultant moment of the robot contact;andrespectively obtaining the expected mass core line momentum variation and the angular momentum variation through differentiation of expected momentum traces; m is total mass of the robot, and gravity acceleration vector G is [ 00-G ]]TG is the acceleration of gravity; in fig. 2, f is a contact resultant force, and τ is a contact resultant moment.
Reading detection values of all tail end force sensors of the robot, judging whether the tail end of the robot is in contact with the environment or not according to the detection values, and acquiring a serial number of the contacted tail end;
because the force sensor has certain errors in measurement and the force in the vertical direction borne by the tail end is the largest, the force in the vertical direction borne by the tail end force sensor is used as a standard for judging whether to contact with the environment, and the judgment form is as follows:
wherein ,is a vertical force measurement of the ith end force sensor; f. ofsatThe contact threshold value can be determined according to the practical application condition of the force sensor;
if the formula (2) is satisfied, the ith terminal is considered to be in contact with the environment, and if the formula (2) is not satisfied, the ith terminal is considered to be not in contact with the environment; let the robot end sequence number set C that satisfies the contact be:
reading the IMU position and the attitude measurement value as a robot floating base pose, and calculating the actual pose of the contacted tail end;
the invention considers that the position and the attitude of the humanoid robot floating base in a world coordinate system can be obtained by combining an IMU measured value and a state estimation algorithm (such as extended Kalman filtering), and the actual pose of the tail end which is in contact with the environment can be obtained by solving the positive kinematics algorithm of the humanoid robot:
wherein ,is the actual attitude rotation matrix of the terminal i under the world coordinate system,the actual position of the end i in the world coordinate system,is the actual pose of the robot under the actual coordinate system,is the actual joint angle of the robot, FK_i(. is a positive kinematics algorithm (Weitian Xiusi. humanoid robot [ M ] for solving the position and attitude of any connecting rod from the angle of joint]Mytilus canaliculus. Beijing: university of qinghua press, 2007: 50-54) can be used to calculate the terminal i pose.
Step (4), calculating the actual contact resultant force/moment of the robot according to the actual pose and stress of the contacted tail end;
first, the measurement value of the end force sensor is measured under the local coordinate system of the end, so that the measurement value needs to be converted under the world coordinate system, the relation between the local coordinate system of the end force sensor and the world coordinate system is shown in fig. 3, and the measurement value is converted as follows:
wherein ,wfi mandrespectively representing the stress and the moment of the tail end i in a world coordinate system, fi mAndforce and moment measured by a force sensor corresponding to the tail end i respectively; in fig. 3, R is a rotation matrix of the local coordinate system relative to the world coordinate system, and p is a position of the origin of the local coordinate system in the world coordinate system;
then, all the contact tail ends are stressed and the moment is translated to the center of mass for summation, and the actual contact resultant force/moment can be obtained:
wherein ,andrespectively measuring the expected contact resultant force and the expected contact moment of the robot,the actual mass center position of the robot under the world coordinate system can be obtained by a mature commercial kinematics tool [ ·]×The expression converts the vector in square brackets into a diagonal matrix, I is an identity matrix.
Step (5), calculating the current contact resultant force error of the robot, designing a feedback controller based on a linear quadratic regulator, and calculating the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum;
since there is usually a lag in the actual robot sensor measurements, there are:
wherein ,is the true value of the current actual contact resultant force,the expected resultant contact force corresponding to the actual true value of the resultant contact force,the method is a first-order inertia link, and T is lag time which is determined by the specific running condition of the actual robot; the truth value of the current actual contact resultant force and the corresponding expected value thereof are as follows according to the centroid dynamics:
wherein ,is the variation of the momentum of the mass center line of the robot,is the true value of the variation of the angular momentum of the robot around the centroid,is an expected value corresponding to the variation of the momentum of the mass center line of the robot,the expected value corresponds to the true value of the variation of the angular momentum around the centroid of the robot;
simultaneous (7) and (9), (8) and (10) give:
and (3) performing difference on the (11) and the (12) and sorting to obtain a linear model of the relation between the actual mass center state and the measured contact force:
wherein the error amount of the contact resultant force/moment Δ λ ═ Δ f Δ τ]TError amount of contact resultant force/moment variationCompensation quantity of robot momentum delta h ═ delta hl Δha]TCompensation amount of robot momentum variationCompensation of second derivative of robot momentumError amount of resultant force of contactError amount of variation of resultant contact forceError amount of contact resultant momentError amount of variation of contact resultant moment Is the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the centroid linear momentum and the angular momentum,compensation of first derivative of linear and angular momentums of mass center, Δ hl、ΔhaIs the compensation quantity of the centroid linear momentum and the angular momentum,as a measure of the variation of the resultant contact force,for the desired value of the amount of change in the resultant contact force,as a measure of the amount of resultant torque change,the expected value of the variation of the contact resultant moment is;
take the following objective function J:
the feedback controller can be designed based on linear quadratic regulator, so that the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentumComprises the following steps:
wherein K is a feedback coefficient matrix, which is represented by the coefficient matrix of equation (13) ((And) And the weight matrix determination of equation (14).
Integrating the compensation quantity to obtain the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum, superposing the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum on the expected centroid position and the momentum, and updating the expected track;
and (3) calculating the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum through integration:
where Δ h is the compensation for the moment of the center of mass, Δ xCoGA compensation quantity for the centroid position;
and (16) superposing the expected centroid position and the momentum track to obtain an updated track:
wherein ,hdAndrespectively the original expected mass center momentum, the mass center position, hd*Andrespectively the updated expected centroid momentum, centroid position.
Step (7), solving inverse kinematics according to the updated expected centroid related track, sending the obtained joint track to the robot, and executing the joint track by the robot;
inverse kinematics solution of joint angles:
wherein ,is the angular acceleration of the joint and the angle of the joint, F, expected to be issuedIK(. to) is a method for solving inverse kinematics of humanoid robot based on quadratic programming (K.Bouyamane, et al.Quadrative programming for multirot and task-space force control [ J.].IEEE Transactions on Robotics.2019,35(1):64-77.),The desired tip position and pose are given by the planning algorithm and are considered known by the present invention.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high dynamic motion mass center compliant control method of a humanoid robot is characterized in that:
acquiring the position and posture of a floating base of the robot, and calculating the actual position and posture of the contacted tail end;
calculating the actual contact resultant force/moment applied to the robot according to the actual pose and stress of the tail end of the contacted robot;
designing a feedback controller based on a linear quadratic regulator, and calculating the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum;
integrating the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the centroid momentum to obtain the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum, and updating the expected centroid position and the momentum trajectory by using the compensation quantity of the centroid position and the momentum;
the joint angle obtained by solving is sent to the robot for execution;
the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the mass center momentum is as follows:
wherein :the compensation quantity of the second derivative of the centroid momentum is mu, x is the control quantity, K is the feedback coefficient matrixAnd a weight matrixQ, R, determining;
the coefficient matrix satisfies:
wherein: contact resultant force/moment error amount Δ λ ═ Δ f Δ τ]TError amount of contact resultant force/moment variationCompensation quantity of robot momentum delta h ═ delta hl Δha]TCompensation amount of robot momentum variationCompensation of second derivative of robot momentumError amount of resultant force of contactError amount of variation of resultant contact forceError amount of contact resultant momentError amount of variation of contact resultant moment Andtwo of the centroid linear momentum and the angular momentum respectivelyThe amount of compensation for the order-derivative,andcompensation, Δ h, of the first derivative of the linear and angular momentums of the center of mass, respectivelyl and ΔhaRespectively the compensation quantity of the centroid linear momentum and the angular momentum,andrespectively measuring the expected contact resultant force and the expected contact moment of the robot,andrespectively the expected values of the resultant force and the resultant moment of the robot contact,as a measure of the variation of the resultant contact force,for the desired value of the amount of change in the resultant contact force,is a measure of the amount of change in contact torque,the expected value of the variation of the contact resultant moment is T, the lag time is T, and the unit matrix is I;
the weight matrix satisfies:
wherein: j is the objective function.
2. The method for controlling the compliance of the high dynamic motion center of mass of the humanoid robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the robot floating base pose is obtained by reading IMU position and attitude measurement values.
3. The method for controlling the compliance of the high dynamic motion center of mass of the humanoid robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein the actual pose of the contacted terminal is:
wherein ,is the actual attitude rotation matrix of the terminal i under the world coordinate system,the actual position of the end i in the world coordinate system,is the actual pose of the robot under the actual coordinate system,is the actual joint angle of the robot, GK_i(. C) is a positive kinematic algorithm for solving any link pose from joint angles, and is a contacted terminal sequence number set.
5. The method for controlling the compliance of the high dynamic motion center of mass of the humanoid robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resultant force/moment of actual contact applied to the robot is:
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the desired centroid position and momentum trajectory are updated by using the compensation amount of the centroid position and momentum by superimposing the compensation amount of the centroid position and momentum on the desired centroid position and momentum to update the desired trajectory.
7. The high dynamic motion centroid compliance control method of the humanoid robot as claimed in claim 6, wherein the updated trajectory is:
hd*=Δh+hd
8. The method for controlling the high dynamic motion mass center of the humanoid robot to be compliant according to claim 7, wherein the joint track angle is obtained by solving a joint angle through inverse kinematics:
9. The method for controlling the compliance of the high dynamic motion center of mass of the humanoid robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the desired contact resultant force and resultant moment of the robot satisfy:
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