CN114749634A - Differential pressure casting crucible furnace - Google Patents
Differential pressure casting crucible furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN114749634A CN114749634A CN202210384430.2A CN202210384430A CN114749634A CN 114749634 A CN114749634 A CN 114749634A CN 202210384430 A CN202210384430 A CN 202210384430A CN 114749634 A CN114749634 A CN 114749634A
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- crucible
- electromagnetic coil
- differential pressure
- pressure casting
- magnetic field
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/06—Heating or cooling equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a differential pressure casting crucible furnace, which comprises a crucible, a heating element and an electromagnetic coil, wherein the electromagnetic coil is arranged outside the crucible and is connected with an external power supply, the electromagnetic coil can generate a magnetic field, and the crucible is positioned in the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil. When the crucible heating device works, the heating element heats the crucible, so that the purpose of heating and insulating the aluminum alloy melt in the crucible is realized, and the aluminum alloy melt is kept in a molten state; set up solenoid in the crucible outside, solenoid links to each other with external power source, solenoid circular telegram can produce magnetic field, thereby apply electromagnetic treatment to the fuse-element in the crucible, energy system to in the fuse-element produces the influence, compensate the inside required energy of critical crystal nucleus that forms of fuse-element, reduce the required nucleation activation energy of nucleation process, promote the fuse-element to overcome the nucleation barrier, and then increase the quantity of primary crystal nucleus in the fuse-element, improve the nucleation rate in the fuse-element, thereby to the effect that final foundry goods to the crystalline grain refines, promote the performance of finished casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical equipment and peripheral supporting facilities thereof, in particular to a differential pressure casting crucible furnace.
Background
Counter-pressure casting is a technological process for obtaining castings by filling molten metal into a mold with a certain pressure in advance under the action of differential pressure and solidifying the molten metal. Under the action of higher solidification and pressure maintaining pressure, the metal melt can pass through narrow intercrystalline gaps to generate good feeding for an isolated liquid phase region, so that the method is very suitable for producing castings with high air tightness and complex contours, and the castings are clear in contours and accurate in size. In the differential pressure casting process, the pressure in the crucible is larger than the pressure in the casting mold, the aluminum alloy liquid in the crucible fills the casting mold through the liquid lifting pipe under the action of pressure difference, and in the sequential solidification process, the aluminum alloy liquid in the crucible continuously performs feeding on the casting and solidifies under higher pressure.
The uniform and fine isometric crystal can be obtained, so that the casting defect can be obviously reduced, and the mechanical property of the material can be improved. The solidification structure is usually controlled by changing the phase structure, which is directly influenced by the alloy composition, and the crystal morphology and grain size, which are determined by the solidification process. The supercooling degree of the supercooled melt is increased, so that the solid-liquid phase Gibbs free energy difference can be obviously increased, the critical nucleation work can be reduced, and the energy intervention of the system can achieve the purpose of grain refinement. For example, the rapid solidification technology, although it can obtain fine grain size, even nanocrystalline, it cannot prepare large-sized ingot and is difficult to realize industrial production. Heterogeneous nucleation makes grain refinement of large-section ingots easier. The modifier is added to inhibit the growth of crystal grains to obtain a refined structure, and the liquid metal is nucleated on the surface of solid phase particles to greatly reduce the surface energy but pollute the material. For example, the addition of Al-5Ti-B to aluminum alloys can achieve significant grain refinement, but segregation of the TiB2 formed in the metal can compromise the properties of the final product. The methods have respective limitations and are difficult to realize industrial popularization.
With the continuous promotion of the light weight process of automobiles, the standards of parts are gradually improved, and the differentially cast aluminum alloy product meets the bottleneck that the mechanical property and the mold filling property are difficult to improve due to the uncontrollable solidification homogenization process.
In the aluminum alloy differential pressure casting process, the crucible furnace mainly has the function of providing aluminum alloy melt for differential pressure casting equipment, and the differential pressure casting crucible furnace in the prior art is a simple furnace, heat is transferred to furnace charge through a crucible, and the melt cannot be treated to refine casting grains.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the prior art cannot realize grain refinement when the counter pressure casting equipment for industrial production works, so that the product performance is poor becomes a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a differential pressure casting crucible furnace, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art, improving the nucleation rate of a melt and promoting the grain refinement of a casting, thereby improving the quality and performance of the casting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a differential pressure casting crucible furnace, comprising:
a crucible capable of containing an aluminum alloy melt;
A heating element disposed outside the crucible, the heating element capable of heating the aluminum alloy melt with the crucible;
an electromagnetic coil disposed outside the crucible and the heating element, the electromagnetic coil being connected to an external controllable electromagnetic energy source, the electromagnetic coil being capable of generating a magnetic field, the crucible being located within the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil.
Preferably, a controllable electromagnetic energy source is connected to the electromagnetic coil, the controllable electromagnetic energy source being capable of controlling the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil.
Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is disposed outside the crucible in a spiral surrounding manner around an axis of the crucible.
Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is sleeved outside the heating element, a heat insulation layer is arranged between the heating element and the electromagnetic coil, and the heat insulation layer is made of a nanometer heat insulation material.
Preferably, the heating elements are heating rods which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the crucible in the circumferential direction and are connected with an external power supply.
Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is provided with a flame retardant coating on the outside, the flame retardant coating is sleeved on the outside of the electromagnetic coil, and the flame retardant coating is made of refractory bricks.
Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is attached to the inner wall of the refractory layer.
Preferably, the crucible is sleeved with a housing, and the heating element and the electromagnetic coil are both arranged in the housing.
Preferably, a support frame is arranged at the bottom of the electromagnetic coil and connected with the inner wall of the shell.
Preferably, the electromagnetic coil can generate a magnetic field when working, the duty ratio of the electromagnetic energy is 10% -70%, the output current of the electromagnetic energy is 100A-200A, the output frequency is 10Hz-100Hz, and the magnetic field intensity in the crucible is more than or equal to 10 mT.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects: according to the differential pressure casting crucible furnace, when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace works, the heating element heats the crucible, and then the purpose of heating and insulating the aluminum alloy melt in the crucible is achieved, so that the aluminum alloy melt is kept in a molten state; more importantly, the electromagnetic coil is arranged outside the crucible, the electromagnetic coil is connected with an external controllable electromagnetic energy power supply, and the electromagnetic coil can generate a magnetic field when being electrified, so that electromagnetic treatment is applied to the melt in the crucible, an energy system in the melt is influenced, the energy required by forming critical crystal nuclei in the melt is compensated, the nucleation activation energy required by the nucleation process is reduced, the melt is promoted to overcome the nucleation barriers, the number of primary crystal nuclei in the melt is increased, the nucleation rate in the melt is increased, the final casting is refined by crystal grains, the microstructure uniformity of the casting is improved, and the performance of the finished casting is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fixed front view of the electromagnetic coil of the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the solenoid of the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rectangular pulse magnetic field waveform diagram of the magnetic field when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is in operation;
FIG. 5 is a triangular pulse magnetic field waveform diagram of the magnetic field when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is in operation;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of a sinusoidal pulse magnetic field of a magnetic field when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is in operation;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing the magnetic field dB/dt of 1157mT/s when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is operated.
Wherein, 1 is a crucible, 2 is a heating element, 3 is an electromagnetic coil, 4 is a heat insulation layer, 5 is a fire-resistant layer, 6 is a shell, and 7 is a support frame.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a differential pressure casting crucible furnace, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art, improving the nucleation rate of a melt and promoting the grain refinement of a casting, thereby improving the quality and the performance of the casting.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a fixing of an electromagnetic coil of a differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a fixing of an electromagnetic coil of a differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention, fig. 4 is a rectangular pulse magnetic field waveform diagram of a magnetic field when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is operated, fig. 5 is a triangular pulse magnetic field waveform diagram of a magnetic field when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is operated, fig. 6 is a sinusoidal pulse magnetic field waveform diagram of a magnetic field when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is operated, and fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of a magnetic field when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace of the present invention is operated, dB/dt is 1157 mT/s.
The invention provides a differential pressure casting crucible furnace, which comprises a crucible 1, a heating element 2 and an electromagnetic coil 3, wherein the crucible 1 can contain an aluminum alloy melt; a heating element 2 is arranged outside the crucible 1, the heating element 2 being capable of heating the charge with the crucible 1; the electromagnetic coil 3 is arranged outside the crucible 1 and the heating element 2, the electromagnetic coil 3 is connected with an external controllable electromagnetic energy power supply, the electromagnetic coil 3 can generate a magnetic field, and the crucible 1 is positioned in the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 3.
According to the differential pressure casting crucible furnace, when the differential pressure casting crucible furnace works, the heating element 2 heats the crucible 1, and then the purpose of heating and heat preservation of an aluminum alloy melt in the crucible 1 is achieved, and the crucible 1 can be made of heat-resistant materials such as graphite, so that the aluminum alloy melt is kept in a molten state; more importantly, the electromagnetic coil 3 is arranged outside the crucible 1, the electromagnetic coil 3 is connected with an external controllable electromagnetic energy power supply, and the electromagnetic coil 3 can generate a magnetic field when being electrified, so that electromagnetic treatment is applied to the melt in the crucible 1, an energy system in the melt is influenced, the energy required by forming critical crystal nuclei in the melt is compensated, the nucleation activation energy required in the nucleation process is reduced, the melt is promoted to overcome the nucleation barriers, the number of primary crystal nuclei in the melt is increased, the nucleation rate in the melt is increased, the final casting is refined by crystal grains, the microstructure uniformity of the casting is improved, and the performance of the finished casting is improved.
It is emphasized that the electromagnetic coil 3 is connected with a controllable electromagnetic energy power supply which can control the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 3, the parameters of the magnetic field are adjusted by a special controllable electromagnetic energy power supply, the electromagnetic wave shape can be different types such as pulse rectangular wave, triangular wave, sine wave and the like, and the parameters such as current, frequency, voltage, duty ratio and the like are adjusted according to the required magnetic field intensity so as to adapt to different production requirements. In actual production, a professional power supply control cabinet can be selected as the controllable electromagnetic energy power supply, and the operation convenience of adjusting the magnetic field parameters is further improved. It should be explained here that the magnetic field intensity can be adjusted by changing the number of layers, turns and winding of the electromagnetic coil 3, and when the arrangement and number of the electromagnetic coil 3 are fixed during the production process, the magnetic field parameters can be adjusted by using the controllable electromagnetic energy power supply, thereby further improving the controllability of the device.
Specifically, the electromagnetic coil 3 is spirally arranged outside the crucible 1 around the axis of the crucible 1, so that the uniformity of electromagnetic treatment applied to the melt by the electromagnetic coil 3 is improved, and the grain refining uniformity of the casting is further improved.
Because heating element 2's outside is located to solenoid 3 cover, in order to protect solenoid 3, avoid solenoid 3 overheated influence its normal work, be provided with insulating layer 4 between heating element 2 and the solenoid 3, insulating layer 4 is made by nanometer thermal insulation material, and insulating layer 4 can also reduce heating element 2's calorific loss when providing the protection for solenoid 3, improves heating efficiency. In practical application, the electromagnetic coil 3 is subjected to insulation curing treatment, so that the operation safety is improved, and because the temperature of the electromagnetic coil 3 needs to be controlled within 200 ℃, a ventilation and air cooling mode in the electromagnetic coil 3 can be adopted, the service life of the electromagnetic coil 3 is prolonged, and the working reliability of the electromagnetic coil 3 is ensured.
In the present embodiment, the heating element 2 is a heating rod, and in practical applications, other forms of heating elements 2 may also be selected; in order to improve the heating efficiency and ensure the heating uniformity of the melt, a plurality of heating rods can be arranged, the heating rods are uniformly distributed around the axis circumference of the crucible 1, the heating rods are electric heating rods, and the heating rods are connected with an external power supply.
More specifically, the outer part of the electromagnetic coil 3 is further provided with a fire-resistant layer 5, the fire-resistant layer 5 is sleeved on the outer part of the electromagnetic coil 3, the fire-resistant layer 5 is made of refractory bricks, and the fire-resistant layer 5 can further play a role in heat insulation and can also play a role in supporting the heating element 2.
In other embodiments of the invention, the electromagnetic coil 3 is attached to the inner wall of the refractory layer 5 to improve the stability of the electromagnetic coil 3.
Further, the outside cover of crucible 1 is equipped with shell 6, and heating element 2 and solenoid 3 all set up in shell 6, set up shell 6 and improved device structural integrity, have improved the convenience of the hoist and mount transportation of device simultaneously.
In the embodiment, the bottom of the electromagnetic coil 3 is provided with the support frame 7, the support frame 7 is connected with the inner wall of the shell 6, the support frame 7 can provide stable support for the electromagnetic coil 3, and the support frame 7 is connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the shell 6, so that the stability of the device is further improved. The connecting wire of the electromagnetic coil 3 and the external power supply penetrates out of the shell 6, the wire outlet of the shell 6 is sealed, and the penetrating connecting wire is insulated.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic coil 3 can generate a magnetic field when working, the duty ratio of the electromagnetic energy is 10% -70%, the output current of the electromagnetic energy is 100A-200A, the output frequency is 10Hz-100Hz, the magnetic field intensity in the crucible 1 is more than or equal to 10mT, and magnetic field parameters are reasonably set to enhance the grain refining effect. In actual production, the adjustment can be carried out according to actual working conditions.
According to the differential pressure casting crucible furnace, the electromagnetic coil 3 is arranged between the shell 6 and the crucible 1, the electromagnetic coil 3 is used for performing electromagnetic treatment on a melt in the crucible 1, and the number of layers and the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil 3 are set according to the capacity of the crucible 1, so that the intensity of a magnetic field is adjusted, and the energy applied to the melt is controlled. When the aluminum alloy casting treatment device works, the pulsed electromagnetic energy is used for treating the aluminum alloy melt, and the nucleation rate of the aluminum alloy melt is improved, so that the subsequent aluminum alloy solidification process is influenced, the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy casting are refined, the microstructure uniformity of the casting is improved, and the strength, toughness, plasticity and other properties of the aluminum alloy part are improved.
The free energy in the metal melt needs to jump a nucleation energy barrier to nucleate and grow to form crystals. Two thirds of the energy required for nucleation is provided by the solid-liquid phase free energy difference, with the remaining one third constituting the energy barrier. In melts without special treatment, the supercooling degree needs to be increased to overcome the energy barrier nucleation. The electromagnetic energy grain refining technology generates a magnetic field in a melt through a coil, and the pulse magnetic field can generate larger dB/dt (change rate of magnetic induction intensity), so that the intermittent non-contact high-energy penetration brings electromagnetic energy into the aluminum alloy melt to influence an energy system in the aluminum alloy melt, and the energy fluctuation compensation in the aluminum alloy melt is increased to form one third of energy required by critical crystal nucleus, thereby overcoming the nucleation energy barrier and promoting the nucleation of the melt. The invention improves the nucleation rate in the aluminum alloy melt by the electromagnetic energy grain refining technology, thereby achieving the purpose of refining the casting grains.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the foregoing, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Claims (10)
1. A differential pressure casting crucible furnace, comprising:
a crucible capable of containing an aluminum alloy melt;
a heating element disposed outside the crucible, the heating element capable of heating the aluminum alloy melt with the crucible;
an electromagnetic coil disposed outside the crucible and the heating element, the electromagnetic coil being connected to an external controllable electromagnetic energy source, the electromagnetic coil being capable of generating a magnetic field, the crucible being located within the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil.
2. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 1, wherein: a controllable electromagnetic energy power source is connected to the electromagnetic coil and is capable of controlling the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil.
3. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic coil is spirally arranged outside the crucible in a surrounding manner around the axis of the crucible.
4. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic coil is sleeved outside the heating element, a heat insulation layer is arranged between the heating element and the electromagnetic coil, and the heat insulation layer is made of nanometer heat insulation materials.
5. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 1, wherein: the heating element is a heating rod, the heating rod winds the axis circumference equipartition of crucible, the heating rod links to each other with external power source.
6. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic coil is characterized in that a fire-resistant layer is further arranged outside the electromagnetic coil and sleeved outside the electromagnetic coil, and the fire-resistant layer is made of refractory bricks.
7. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 6, wherein: the electromagnetic coil is connected with the inner wall of the fire-resistant layer.
8. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 1, wherein: the outer part of the crucible is sleeved with a shell, and the heating element and the electromagnetic coil are arranged in the shell.
9. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of claim 8, wherein: the bottom of the electromagnetic coil is provided with a support frame, and the support frame is connected with the inner wall of the shell.
10. The differential pressure casting crucible furnace of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the electromagnetic coil can generate a magnetic field when working, the duty ratio of the electromagnetic energy is 10% -70%, the output current of the electromagnetic energy is 100A-200A, the output frequency is 10Hz-100Hz, and the magnetic field intensity in the crucible is more than or equal to 10 mT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210384430.2A CN114749634A (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2022-04-13 | Differential pressure casting crucible furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210384430.2A CN114749634A (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2022-04-13 | Differential pressure casting crucible furnace |
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| CN114749634A true CN114749634A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210384430.2A Pending CN114749634A (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2022-04-13 | Differential pressure casting crucible furnace |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117047076A (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-11-14 | 北京三航极材精细制造技术研究院有限公司 | Electromagnetic energy casting system for 20Kg vacuum smelting furnace |
-
2022
- 2022-04-13 CN CN202210384430.2A patent/CN114749634A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117047076A (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-11-14 | 北京三航极材精细制造技术研究院有限公司 | Electromagnetic energy casting system for 20Kg vacuum smelting furnace |
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