CN114747076A - Pressure equalization system and electrochemical system - Google Patents

Pressure equalization system and electrochemical system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114747076A
CN114747076A CN202080080705.2A CN202080080705A CN114747076A CN 114747076 A CN114747076 A CN 114747076A CN 202080080705 A CN202080080705 A CN 202080080705A CN 114747076 A CN114747076 A CN 114747076A
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China
Prior art keywords
pressure equalizing
pressure
container
pressure equalization
adapter
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Pending
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CN202080080705.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
C·塞尔
M·布拉特
J·汉特谢尔
T·施密特
A·施特赖歇尔
A·莱赫特福斯
M·戈尔德舍
M·埃本
F·施瓦兹
M·艾勒斯-雷斯维施
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ElringKlinger AG
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ElringKlinger AG
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Publication of CN114747076A publication Critical patent/CN114747076A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/14—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member
    • F16K17/16—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure compensation system which can be produced in a simple manner and by means of which pressure compensation can be achieved in the event of overpressure, the invention proposes that the pressure compensation system comprises: a pressure equalizing device which, in the closed state, acts between the interior space of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalizing system; and an adapter element for securing the pressure equalization device at the container, wherein the pressure equalization device can be brought into an open state for equalization between the interior space of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalization system.

Description

Pressure equalization system and electrochemical system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pressure equalization system, in particular for equalizing an overpressure of an electrochemical system.
The invention also relates to an electrochemical system comprising one or more pressure equalization systems according to the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a pressure compensation system which can be produced in a simple manner and by means of which pressure compensation can be achieved in the event of overpressure.
The above object is achieved by a pressure equalization system, in particular for pressure equalization of an overpressure in an electrochemical system, wherein the pressure equalization system comprises a pressure equalization device and an adapter element for fastening the pressure equalization device to a container.
The pressure equalization means preferably act between the inner space of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalization system in the closed state.
For pressure equalization between the interior space of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalization system, the pressure equalization device can be brought into the open state.
Preferably, the pressure equalization device fluidically and/or spatially separates the interior space of the container from the surroundings of the pressure equalization system in the closed state.
In particular, the pressure equalization device in the closed state completely separates the fluid connection between the interior space of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalization system or reduces gas exchange compared to an open channel.
In electrochemical systems or individual electrochemical cells of electrochemical systems, there is the risk of so-called "thermal runaway", in which case self-increasing exotherms occur as a result of exothermic chemical reactions within the electrochemical cells of the electrochemical system or as a result of short circuits and overheating of one or more electrochemical cells occurs. Typically, in the case of "thermal runaway", domino-type thermal diffusion occurs within the electrochemical system from one electrochemical unit to another.
"thermal runaway" is a so-called "thermal accident". Thermal accidents are associated in particular with a strong pressure increase within the electrochemical cell and/or with high temperatures, for example 1000 ℃ or more.
In this case, a pressure equalization system can be used to achieve a pressure equalization between the interior of the container, in particular of the electrochemical system, and the environment of the pressure equalization system. As a result, harmful gases that have caused an overpressure of the cell can escape.
"pressure equalization" is preferably understood to mean that, in particular when a limit value is exceeded, the internal pressure in the interior of the container corresponds to the external pressure in the surroundings of the pressure equalization system.
The pressure equalization direction preferably extends from a region of higher pressure, for example the interior space of the container, to a region of lower pressure, for example the surroundings of the pressure equalization system.
The pressure equalization direction is preferably arranged parallel to the center axis of the pressure equalization system and/or the center axis of the pressure equalization system.
The pressure equalization system preferably forms a degassing element and/or a degassing element for the battery cells.
It can be provided that the pressure equalization device comprises a membrane element, which comprises one or more predetermined breaking points. Preferably, the membrane element tears and/or breaks at and/or in at least one of the one or more predetermined breaking points when the critical temperature and/or the critical pressure are exceeded, so that, in particular, a pressure equalization can be achieved between the interior space of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalization system.
The pressure equalizing device is preferably in an open state at and/or after tearing and/or breaking.
Preferably, the terms "exceeding", etc. of the critical temperature and/or critical pressure are used synonymously.
It can be provided that the one or more predetermined breaking points form an integral part of the rupturing means, or that they form the rupturing means completely.
The "predetermined breaking point" is preferably a weak point of the material, for example a region of locally reduced thickness.
One or more of the predetermined breaking points are, for example, indentations and/or cuts.
Provision may be made for one or more of the predetermined breaking points to be formed by punching, for example, a pre-punched film element.
Alternatively, it can be provided that the membrane element is designed without pre-positioned and/or specifically introduced predetermined breaking points. In this case, the membrane element preferably tears and/or breaks at the most heavily loaded points when the critical pressure and/or the critical temperature are exceeded.
The membrane element is, for example, a membrane.
It can be provided that the pressure-equalizing device comprises a spring element. By means of the spring element, preferably above a critical pressure and/or a critical temperature, one part of the pressure compensation system can be spaced apart from the other part, so that a fluid connection is formed, in particular between the interior of the container and the surroundings of the pressure compensation system.
The triggering of the pressure equalization means by the spring element is preferably reversible.
It may be advantageous for the controlled pressure equalization that the pressure equalization means comprise a trigger element and a membrane element for opening at least one passage between the interior space of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalization system.
Preferably, the triggering element and the membrane element are arranged one after the other in the pressure equalization direction.
The spacing of the triggering element and the membrane element in the direction of pressure equalization is preferably selected such that the membrane element acts on the triggering element when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure in the interior space of the container is exceeded, so that the membrane element tears and/or breaks.
In addition or alternatively, provision can be made for the triggering element to act on the membrane element when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure in the interior of the container is exceeded, so that the membrane element tears and/or breaks.
For example, when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure in the interior space of the container is exceeded, the membrane element is pressed against the trigger element with such a high pressure that the membrane element tears and/or breaks.
In contrast to pressure equalization systems in which there is a constant fluid connection between the interior of the container and the surroundings of the pressure equalization system, the pressure equalization is triggered in particular actively only when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure is exceeded.
It is thus possible to avoid moisture from permanently entering the interior space of the container. Moisture can cause problems in the operation of the electrochemical system.
Advantageously, the triggering element can taper against the direction of pressure equalization.
Preferably, the trigger element is a stab element.
The trigger element preferably has a pointed end.
The trigger element and the membrane element preferably constitute an integral part of the rupturing means or constitute the rupturing means entirely.
It may be advantageous that the membrane element is partly or completely made of a flexible material.
Additionally or alternatively, the membrane element is partially or completely composed of a rigid and/or non-flexing material.
Preferably, the triggering element of the pressure compensation device forms part of the support device of the pressure compensation device. The support device is connected, in particular, to the base body of the adapter element, in particular, in an injection molding process.
Advantageously, the support device may comprise one or more rib elements extending in a radial direction with respect to the central axis of the pressure compensation system between the triggering element and the base body of the adapter element.
It can be provided that the rib elements are regularly connected to the adapter element with reference to the circumference of the adapter element.
In addition or alternatively, it can be provided that the pressure compensation device comprises a protective element for supporting and/or protecting the membrane element. The protective element is preferably arranged on the side of the membrane element facing away from the triggering element. In particular, the protective element comprises one or more rib elements which extend in a radial direction with reference to the central axis of the pressure-equalizing element.
In embodiments in which the triggering element is provided, it may be advantageous for the protective element to comprise a central opening for receiving the triggering element.
Alternatively, it can be provided that the protective element has a substantially uniform grid structure over the entire pressure compensation opening.
Advantageously, the adapter element can be secured and/or can be secured to the container in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, in particular by a bayonet connection and/or a threaded connection and/or by a clamping connection (klemverbindung) and/or by a snap connection (Clip-verindung).
It can be provided that the adapter element has a sealing element, which is injection-molded in particular on a base body of the adapter element. The sealing element is preferably arranged on the side of the adapter element facing away from the interior space of the container.
The sealing element is for example a form seal.
Advantageously, the adapter element may comprise or consist of one or more of the following materials: metallic materials, in particular aluminum and/or steel, polymeric materials, in particular elastomeric polymeric materials and/or elastomeric thermoplastic polymeric materials, such as poly (organo) siloxanes.
Poly (organo) siloxanes are also commonly referred to as silicones.
Provision can be made for the adapter element to be provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material.
"electrically conductive" means, in particular, that the corresponding component and/or material has a thickness of about 105S/m or greater, especially about 106Electrical conductivity of S/m or more.
The electrically conductive material is preferably a metallic material and/or an electrically conductive polymer material and/or a graphite material and/or a carbon fiber composite material.
The electromagnetic compatibility of the pressure compensation system is preferably optimized by the electrically conductive material.
Advantageously, the membrane element and the adapter element can be designed in one piece.
For example, the adapter element and the membrane element together constitute an elastomeric member. The elastomer member is in particular secured in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner at the wall of the container. For example, the elastomeric member is clamped into a wall of a container, for example a wall of a housing of an electrochemical system, and/or clamped thereto.
Preferably, the membrane element is connected to the adapter element in a material-fit manner or is formed in one piece with the membrane element.
According to the mentioned embodiment, in which the adapter element and the membrane element together constitute an elastomeric member, the membrane element preferably has one or more predetermined breaking points.
According to other embodiments, the membrane element may also have one or more predetermined breaking points.
For example, the membrane element is pre-punched and/or has a cut that tears and/or breaks when a critical pressure and/or a critical temperature is exceeded. The pressure compensation device is in this case in particular in the open state and one or more channels between the interior space of the container and the surroundings are open and/or released.
For example, the membrane element has slits arranged in a particularly cross-shape.
Advantageously, the protective element may comprise or be formed from a metallic material. Examples of metallic materials are aluminum, steel or alloys composed thereof.
The protective element is for example placed into the adapter element.
Alternatively, the protective element may also comprise or be formed from a polymer material. Particularly suitable as polymer material are rigid polymer materials which in particular have a high heat resistance.
Provision can be made for the protective element to be provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material.
The electrically conductive material is preferably a metallic material and/or an electrically conductive polymer material and/or a graphite material and/or a carbon fiber composite material.
Materials that are electrically conductive are preferred for optimizing electromagnetic compatibility.
The membrane element of the pressure compensation device is preferably connected to the adapter element in a material-and/or force-and/or form-fitting manner.
It can be advantageous if the membrane element of the pressure compensation device is fastened to the adapter element in a material-fit manner, in particular by thermocompression bonding, welding and/or injection molding of the membrane element, in particular on the side of the adapter element facing the interior of the container.
It can be provided that the membrane element is connected to the adapter element and/or to the adapter element in a material-fit manner, for example by means of a layer of adhesive, which is applied in particular in a ring-shaped manner to the edge of the membrane element and/or to the edge of the membrane element, for example by means of thermocompression bonding and/or welding.
The connection by thermocompression bonding enables cost-optimized production of the pressure compensation system.
A particularly stable connection of the membrane element and the adapter element can be constructed, in particular in a thermocompression bonding, when the tool has a depression, for example a stamp, into which the edge of the membrane element to be connected is pressed.
When the membrane element and the adapter element are connected, the recess and/or projection of the tool preferably engages into or produces a projection and/or recess in the adapter element that is configured complementarily thereto.
The membrane element is shaped during manufacture in particular corresponding to the projections and/or recesses of the adapter element. Therefore, the joining force can be improved.
In embodiments in which the membrane element comprises or consists of a polymer material, it may be advantageous for the polymer material itself to function as a binder.
For an optimized sealing action, it can be advantageous to arrange a sealing element, for example an O-ring, between the protective element and the membrane element. For example, the sealing element is received in a recess in the protective element, which recess is configured in a substantially complementary manner, in particular.
For example, it can be provided that the membrane element is connected to the adapter element by means of thermocompression bonding and is additionally clamped to the adapter element by means of an annular sealing element.
In addition or as an alternative to the in particular annular sealing element between the protective element and the membrane element, in particular annular sealing elements, for example O-rings, can be arranged:
between the outer element and the wall of the container; and/or
Between the external element and the adapter element; and/or
Between the adapter element and the wall of the container; and/or
Between the adapter element and the protection element.
To protect the membrane element it may be advantageous for the pressure equalization system to have an external element. The outer element is preferably connected to the adapter element in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner, in particular by a screw connection and/or a bayonet connection and/or a clamping connection and/or a snap connection.
Provision can be made for the external element to be used for fixing the membrane element. In this case, a separate covering element can be provided, which covers the membrane element with respect to the surroundings of the pressure compensation system. The membrane element is here preferably clamped between the outer element and the adapter element.
Alternatively to providing a separate covering element, it may be beneficial for the outer element itself to form the covering element.
Preferably, the membrane element of the pressure equalization means comprises or consists of one or more of the following materials: graphene, a metallic material, in particular aluminum, a polymeric material, in particular polyorganosiloxane and/or polytetrafluoroethylene.
It can be provided that the membrane element is partially or completely made of porous, in particular open-porous
Figure BDA0003651505990000071
The material is formed.
For example, the membrane element is partially or completely composed of a porous polytetrafluoroethylene material.
Suitable porous polytetrafluoroethylene materials are available, for example, from the company Berghof fluoropolymers
Figure BDA0003651505990000072
For example, the membrane element comprises or consists of an elastomeric polymer material.
Provision can be made for the membrane element to be provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material.
The electrically conductive material is preferably a metallic material and/or an electrically conductive polymer material and/or a graphite material and/or a carbon fiber composite material.
Thus, the pressure equalization system may have optimized electromagnetic compatibility.
It can be advantageous if the thickness of the membrane element perpendicular to its main extension plane is in the range of about 5 μm or more, in particular about 8 μm or more, for example about 9 μm or more.
The thickness of the membrane element perpendicular to its main extension plane is preferably about 15 μm or less, in particular about 12 μm or less, for example about 11 μm or less.
Membrane elements having a thickness of about 10 μm have proven to be particularly suitable.
In embodiments in which the pressure equalization system comprises a triggering element, for example a spike element, the critical pressure and/or the critical temperature can preferably be defined by adjusting the spacing of the membrane element from the triggering element in the direction of pressure equalization. At the pressure and/or the temperature, the membrane element tears and/or breaks.
For example, the burst pressure can be defined by the spacing between the membrane element and the triggering element.
The pressure equalization system may be configured to have a relatively small mounting height.
According to an embodiment, it can be provided that the pressure compensation device comprises a membrane element and/or a protective element which is held between an outer element of the pressure compensation system and the adapter element in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner, in particular by means of a clamping and/or snap connection.
It may be advantageous for the outer element to partially or completely encase the (ubergriefin) adapter element.
The outer element here forms, for example, an outer shell and/or the adapter element forms an inner shell.
It can be provided that the edge section of the outer element facing the interior is placed on the wall of the container. In particular, the edge section is connected in a fluid-tight manner by means of a sealing element, for example an O-ring, to the outside of the wall of the container facing away from the interior.
For example, the outer element is connected to the wall of the container in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, for example by means of a bayonet connection and/or a screw closure.
In the case of a bayonet connection, the bayonet connection preferably has latching means, so that in particular the outer element can be latched to the wall of the container.
The pressure compensation system can be constructed in particular with a smaller number of individual components by means of a clamping connection and/or a snap connection between the outer element and the adapter element. For example, the pressure equalization system may be configured with only an outer element, an adapter element, and a membrane element. In this embodiment, the membrane element preferably has one or more predetermined breaking points in the form of one or more material weaknesses.
In the event of a thermal accident, combustion formation and/or flame impingement can also occur, in particular even if pressure equalization is carried out.
In order to reduce or prevent an outward combustion impact (Flammenschlag), it can be advantageous if the pressure compensation device comprises a protective element which, in the closed state of the pressure compensation device, closes the interior of the container, wherein the protective element comprises a plurality of openings which are arranged, in particular in a grid-like manner, parallel to the pressure compensation direction. The plurality of openings are preferably closed off by the polymer material in the closed state of the pressure equalization device and/or filled in a fluid-tight manner.
The polymer material can be configured in the form of a membrane, for example as a membrane element.
Alternatively, the polymer material can also be applied to the base body of the protective element in a flowable state during the production of the protective element, so that the plurality of openings are closed and/or closed, in particular after the polymer material has hardened.
The polymer material for example constitutes a plastic filling in the protective element.
The main extension plane of the protective element preferably extends perpendicularly to the pressure equalization direction. In particular, the protective element is of sheet-like design.
The polymer material closing the plurality of openings, in particular arranged in a grid, is preferably an elastomeric polymer material.
Advantageously, a plurality of openings may be provided. For example, the protective element forms a screen structure and/or a grid structure.
The protective element is for example a flame arrester element.
Advantageously, the protective element of the pressure compensation device can form a heat sink for dissipating heat from the interior of the container. In particular, the polymer material which closes the opening in the protective element in the closed state of the pressure compensation device acts in an ablative manner.
Preferably, the base body of the protective element is constructed from a material having metallic thermal conductivity. Heat energy can thus be conducted away and/or dissipated. Diffusion may be delayed and/or prevented.
It may be advantageous to form a thermal contact between the protective element of the pressure equalization device and the adapter element. In particular, therefore, heat can be dissipated from the protective element via the adapter element from the interior of the container.
Advantageously, the protective element of the pressure compensation device can comprise or consist of a metallic material, in particular steel and/or aluminum.
For example, the protective element forms an integrated metal screen in the pressure equalization system.
It can be provided that the pressure compensation device comprises a protective element and that the pressure compensation device, when exceeding a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure, can be brought into an open state in which a plurality of openings of the protective element open and/or are released parallel to a pressure compensation direction.
The plurality of openings of the protective element can be brought into the open state, in particular, as a result of melting of a polymer material which closes the plurality of openings in the closed state of the pressure compensation device.
The openings can in this case in particular flow freely through and/or be unfilled by the polymer material. In the open state of the pressure compensation device, the one, more or all openings of the protective element form in particular a vent channel, through which in particular gas that leads to an overpressure in the interior of the container escapes.
Thereby maximizing the time for extended diffusion.
The protective element is preferably designed such that the opening or openings are released and/or can be released in the direction of pressure equilibrium when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure is exceeded.
This can be achieved by a suitable material selection of the polymer material and/or a suitable dimensioning of the plurality of openings and/or by constructing the protective element with a suitable thickness parallel to the pressure equalization direction. The number of openings of the protective element may also influence the temperature at which the openings are released and/or can be released.
Preferably, the protective element has 10 or more openings, in particular 25 or more openings, for example 50 or more openings.
Preferably, the protective element has 100 or fewer openings, in particular 75 or fewer openings, for example 60 or fewer openings.
Degradation of the polymer material preferably occurs due to exceeding the critical temperature and/or critical pressure, e.g. the polymer material is burned off.
Preferably, the polymeric material closing the plurality of openings of the protective element of the pressure equalizing device in the closed state of the pressure equalizing device has a thermal stability of about 100 ℃, in particular about 120 ℃ or higher, for example about 130 ℃ or higher.
Preferably, the polymeric material has a thermal stability of about 200 ℃ or less, especially about 150 ℃ or less, for example about 140 ℃ or less.
It may be advantageous that the thermal stability of the polymeric material is less than a critical temperature.
The polymeric material is preferably in the form of a membrane, such as a membrane element.
The thickness of the polymer material in the openings is preferably selected such that the polymer material is digested and/or melted and/or burnt off when a critical temperature is exceeded.
It may be advantageous if the pressure equalization means comprise a protective element comprising a plurality of openings in the pressure equalization direction, wherein the plurality of openings have a diameter of about 3 μm or more, in particular about 100 μm or more.
The diameter of the plurality of openings is preferably about 6000 μm or less, in particular about 4500 μm or less.
It may be advantageous for the plurality of openings to have a diameter of about 3000 μm or less, in particular about 1500 μm or less.
The diameter is preferably the diameter of each opening.
The "diameter" is preferably the mean diameter, which is in particular the arithmetic mean of all diameters.
Since the pressure compensation opening is partially covered by the protective element, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMV) of the pressure compensation system is preferably optimized and/or the protective element forms an EMV protection.
In particular, for optimizing the EMV, it can be provided that the protective element is covered by a cover element and/or an outer element on the side facing away from the interior of the container. The cover element and/or the outer element preferably comprise or consist of an electrically conductive material.
For example, the covering element and/or the external element are provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material.
This makes it possible to optimize electromagnetic compatibility and/or to form EMV protection.
For example, metallic materials and/or electrically conductive polymer materials and/or graphite materials and/or carbon fiber composites are suitable as electrically conductive materials.
Preferably, the plurality of openings are manually introduced and/or evenly distributed and/or regularly arranged and/or configured.
It may be advantageous if the plurality of openings of the protective element are designed to be circular, polygonal, for example triangular, rectangular, pentagonal and/or hexagonal in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the pressure equalization direction.
The openings may also have different shapes.
In the case of non-circular openings, the diameter preferably represents the diagonal or longest side.
In particular, it may be advantageous for the purpose of optimizing electromagnetic compatibility to design the adapter element and/or the pressure compensation opening in the wall of the container such that they have an inner diameter of about 60mm or less, in particular about 50mm or less, for example about 30mm or less.
Thus, in particular, the penetration of electromagnetic waves with frequencies of about 5GHz or more, in particular about 6GHz or more, for example about 10GHz or more, can be blocked.
It can be advantageous if the adapter element has a radially outer sealing element which is at least substantially hollow-cylindrical.
In addition or alternatively, the radially outer sealing element is fastened to the base body of the adapter element on the radially outer side with reference to the center axis of the pressure compensation system.
The radially outer sealing element may advantageously be annular. For example, the radially outer sealing element surrounds the base body of the adapter element in the connection region of the adapter element, at which connection region and/or the intermediate pressure compensation system is partially or completely connected to the wall of the container in the installed state.
The wall thickness of the container can be used as a functional structural space for the pressure compensation system by means of radially outer sealing elements.
It can be advantageous if the radially outer sealing element has, on the radially outer side with reference to the center axis of the pressure compensation system, one or more sealing projections, in particular annular, which extend radially away from the base body of the adapter element.
For example, one or more sealing projections, in particular annular, extend radially outwards away from the base body of the adapter element.
The sealing projection or projections of the radially outer sealing element is/are preferably a sealing bead (Dichtwulst).
Preferably, the radially outer sealing element comprises two or three sealing projections, in particular annular.
In an embodiment in which the radially outer sealing element has a plurality of sealing projections, it can be provided that the plurality of sealing projections are arranged in an alternating manner with recesses of the radially outer sealing element along an axial direction with reference to a center axis of the pressure compensation system. The recess is, for example, groove-shaped.
Advantageously, the length of the radially outer sealing element in the axial direction with reference to the center axis of the pressure compensation system may be about one quarter or more and/or about three quarters or less of the extension of the base body of the adapter element. Thus, the sealing with respect to the wall of the container can be optimized.
It can be advantageous if the pressure compensation system and/or the pressure compensation device comprises a protective element for supporting and protecting the membrane element, wherein the protective element is connected to the adapter element at the end of the adapter element facing the interior of the container in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner.
In particular, the adapter element engages behind the protective element in a radial direction with reference to the central axis of the pressure compensation system.
For example, the protective element surrounds the end of the base body of the adapter element facing the interior, in particular from three sides.
Preferably, the protective element has a honeycomb structure, for example a hexagonal honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure is preferably constructed in a matrix.
It may be advantageous if the pressure equalization system comprises a cover element which covers the adapter element on the side facing the surroundings of the pressure equalization system. In particular, the cover element is secured to the base body of the adapter element and/or to the container by means of a latching device of the pressure compensation system.
The pressure compensation system is preferably additionally secured by a latching device.
Advantageously, the bridge height of the cover element parallel to the pressure equalization direction
Figure BDA0003651505990000131
Can be adjusted or adapted to the respective wall thickness of the container wall. Thus, the pressure equalization system may be used with containers having different wall thicknesses.
Additionally or alternatively, the shape of the cover element can be adapted or can be adapted to the exhaust gas volume flow. This can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the number and/or volume of openings in the cover element, which are formed between projections of the cover element that project in the direction of the adapter element.
Advantageously, the latching device can have one or more latching elements which, in the installed state of the pressure compensation system, latch into one or more receiving recesses of the base body or of the wall of the container.
In an embodiment in which the one or more receiving recesses form part of the base body of the adapter element, the receiving recesses are arranged in particular at a radially inner side of the base body of the adapter element.
In embodiments in which the one or more receiving recesses constitute an integral part of the wall of the container, the receiving recess is preferably arranged at the inner side of the wall defining the opening for receiving the pressure equalization system.
In addition or alternatively, it can be provided that the edge of the wall forms one or more receiving recesses.
Advantageously, one or more latching elements can project in the direction of the adapter element away from the cover plate of the cover element.
The one or more latching elements are, for example, latching tongues and/or tongue-shaped.
It can be provided that one or more detent elements of the detent device are designed as spring elements. In particular, the cover element is prevented from being displaced relative to the adapter element in an axial direction with reference to the center axis of the pressure compensation system due to the spring tension of the one or more spring elements.
Advantageously, one or more detent elements of the detent device can be spaced apart from the center axis of the pressure compensation system by approximately one quarter or more and/or approximately three quarters or less of the total radius of the cover element and/or of the total length of the cover element.
Alternatively or additionally to the provision of the latching device, the cover element can be fastened to the adapter element by means of a screw connection.
According to a preferred embodiment, the base body of the adapter element, the support device and in particular the cover element are designed as one piece.
The invention also relates to an electrochemical system comprising one or more pressure equalization systems according to the invention. The pressure compensation system or systems is/are preferably fastened to and/or in the wall of a container, in particular of a housing of an electrochemical system, in particular in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
The electrochemical system according to the invention preferably has one or more of the features and/or one or more of the advantages of the pressure equalization system according to the invention.
Electrochemical systems are used in vehicles, for example.
By means of one or more pressure compensation systems, elevated protection of the vehicle occupant is preferably provided here, in particular because pressure compensation can be triggered in the event of a thermal accident.
Advantageously, at least one of the one or more pressure compensation systems may be fastened to and/or in the wall of the container as follows:
through a bayonet connection; and/or
Through the threaded connection; and/or
By clamping the connection; and/or
Through the clamping connection part.
In this way, the pressure compensation system can be secured in a particularly fluid-tight manner to the container. Foreign bodies can be prevented from entering the container from the surroundings.
Advantageously, the radially outer sealing element of at least one of the one or more pressure compensation systems, preferably all radially outer sealing elements of all pressure compensation systems, can bear directly against a side of the wall of the container which is arranged radially inward with reference to the center axis of the respective pressure compensation system and/or against a side which is arranged radially inward.
Preferably, all pressure equalization systems have radially outer sealing elements.
Advantageously, the length of the radially outer sealing elements of at least one of the one or more pressure compensation systems, in particular of all the radially outer sealing elements of all the pressure compensation systems, in the axial direction with reference to the center axis of the respective pressure compensation system may be about 55% or more, in particular about 65% or more, of the average thickness of the wall of the container.
The average thickness of the wall is preferably its wall thickness.
It can be advantageous if the covering element of at least one of the one or more pressure compensation systems, in particular all covering elements of all pressure compensation systems, is placed on the side of the wall of the container facing away from the interior of the container or engages into the wall.
It can be provided that the covering element has an overall diameter or overall length which is greater than the diameter of the opening of the wall of the container, in which and/or at which the respective pressure equalization system is secured, by about 5% or more, in particular by about 10% or more.
Drawings
The following description of the embodiments and the annexed drawings set forth further preferred features and/or advantages of the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a pressure equalization system, in which a pressure equalization device is provided which can be brought from a closed state into an open state;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic exploded view of the pressure equalization system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic top view of the pressure equalization system of FIGS. 1 and 2;
fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the pressure equalization system of fig. 1 to 3 through the plane indicated with IV in fig. 3, with the pressure equalization device in the closed state;
fig. 5 shows a schematic top view of a second embodiment of a pressure equalization system in which the triggering element of the pressure equalization device is arranged at a single cross beam of the support device, which cross beam extends across the pressure equalization opening;
fig. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of a pressure equalization system in which the pressure equalization means comprises a substantially grid-shaped protection element covering the pressure equalization openings;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic top view of a third embodiment of the pressure equalization system of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the pressure equalization system of FIGS. 6 and 7 through the plane indicated by VIII in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 shows other schematic perspective views of the pressure equalization system of FIGS. 6-8;
FIG. 10 shows a schematic perspective cross-sectional view through a longitudinal center plane of a fourth embodiment of the pressure equalization system, wherein the membrane element is clamped between an outer element and an adapter element of the pressure equalization system;
fig. 11 shows a schematic top view of a protective element of the pressure equalizing device in a closed state of the pressure equalizing device, wherein the protective element comprises a plurality of grid-shaped arranged openings, which are closed by a polymer material;
fig. 12 shows a schematic top view of the protective element of fig. 11 in an open state of the pressure equalization device, wherein the polymer material is thermally altered such that the opening of the protective element is released;
fig. 13 shows a schematic perspective view of an electrochemical system in which a plurality of pressure equalization systems are arranged;
fig. 14 shows a schematic perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the pressure equalization system, wherein the adapter element is secured at and/or in the opening of the wall of the container by means of radially outer sealing elements;
FIG. 15 shows a schematic exploded view of the pressure equalization system of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 shows a schematic top view of the pressure equalization system of FIGS. 14 and 15;
fig. 17 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the pressure equalization system of fig. 14-16 along the plane indicated by XVII in fig. 16;
fig. 18 shows a schematic perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the pressure equalization system, wherein the support device receiving the triggering element is constructed in a curved manner;
FIG. 19 shows a schematic exploded view of the pressure equalization system of FIG. 18;
FIG. 20 shows a schematic top view of the pressure equalization system of FIGS. 18 and 19; and is
Fig. 21 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the pressure equalization system of fig. 18-20 along the plane indicated by XXI in fig. 20.
Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference symbols in all the figures.
Detailed Description
The pressure equalization system 100 or its components in the closed state of the pressure equalization system 100 or the pressure equalization device 118 are shown in fig. 1 to 11 and 14 to 20, respectively. The elements in the open state are only schematically shown for illustration.
Fig. 1 to 4 show a pressure equalization system, indicated as a whole with 100, in a closed state according to a first embodiment.
Pressure equalization system 100 is preferably a component of an electrochemical system 102 such as that shown in fig. 13.
Electrochemical system 102 is particularly suited for use in a vehicle.
Preferably, electrochemical system 102 comprises a plurality of electrochemical cells, which comprise, inter alia, batteries, such as lithium batteries.
As can be seen in particular in fig. 13, one or more pressure compensation systems 100 are preferably embedded in the opposing narrow-sided walls 104 of the electrochemical system 102 and/or are fastened there in a fluid-tight manner.
The wall 104 preferably forms an integral part of a housing 106 of the electrochemical system 102, wherein the housing 106 is formed overall, in particular, at least approximately square.
The housing 106 here forms a container 108 enclosing an interior space 110.
As can be seen in particular in fig. 1 to 4, the pressure compensation system 100 preferably comprises an adapter element 112, which is preferably used for fastening the pressure compensation device 118 to the container 108 and/or as a housing 106 of the pressure compensation system 100.
The adapter element 112 is preferably configured at least substantially hollow-cylindrical and/or surrounds a pressure equalization opening 114 of the pressure equalization system 100.
It may be advantageous for the adapter element 112 to have an inner diameter of about 60mm or less, in particular about 50mm or less, for example about 30mm or less.
For example, the pressure equalization opening 114 has a diameter of about 60mm or less, particularly about 50mm or less, e.g., about 30mm or less.
The inner diameter and/or the diameter are preferably taken perpendicular to the pressure equalization direction 126.
Electromagnetic waves having a frequency of about 5GHz or more, in particular about 6GHz or more, for example about 10GHz or more, are in particular prevented from penetrating by the mentioned inner diameter and/or diameter.
The pressure compensation opening 114 is preferably released in an open state (not shown) of the pressure compensation system 100, so that a fluid connection exists, in particular, between the interior 110 of the container 108 and the surroundings 116 of the pressure compensation system 100.
In the closed state of the pressure equalization system 100, the pressure equalization opening 114 is preferably closed by a pressure equalization device 118 of the pressure equalization system 100.
It can be provided that the pressure compensation system 100 comprises a spring element, not shown, which is in a compressed state in the closed state of the pressure compensation device 118.
When a critical pressure and/or a critical temperature in the interior 110 of the container 108 is exceeded, a force acts on the spring element, preferably in a pressure equalization direction 126. Thereby, the spring element is brought and/or can be brought into a relaxed state, in particular.
In the relaxed state of the spring element, a portion of the pressure equalization system 100 is preferably spaced apart from other portions. In particular, a fluid connection is formed between the interior space 110 and the ambient environment 116. The pressure equalization device 118 is in an open state.
The pressure balance by placing the spring element in the relaxed state is preferably reversible.
According to the first embodiment of the pressure equalization system 100 shown in fig. 1 to 4, preferably a majority of the adapter element 112 is arranged inside the container 108.
The pressure equalization system 100 is preferably mounted and/or mountable with the vessel 108 from a side facing the interior space 110.
Advantageously, the pressure compensation system 100 can be connected to the container 108 of the electrochemical system 102 by means of the adapter element 112 in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner.
For example, the adapter element 112 has, on the side facing the surroundings 116 of the pressure compensation system 100, a first part of a bayonet connection which, in the installed state of the pressure compensation system 100, is connected, in particular in a fluid-tight manner, to a second part of the bayonet connection. The second part of the bayonet coupling is preferably a part of the wall 104 of the container 108.
It may be advantageous if the bayonet lock has a latching device, so that the first and second parts of the bayonet lock latch into one another in particular.
In addition or as an alternative to the bayonet connection, it can be provided that the pressure compensation system 100 is connected to the wall 104 of the container 108 by a screw connection and/or by a clamping connection and/or by a snap connection.
Additionally or alternatively, the adapter element 112 can be connected to the container 108 of the electrochemical system 102 by a material-fit connection, for example by adhesive bonding.
Advantageously, the adapter element 112 can have a bearing section 120 for ensuring a fluid-tight connection between the pressure compensation system 100 and the container 108.
The support section 120 is preferably annular and in particular has a main extension plane which is arranged at least approximately parallel to the main extension plane of the wall 104 of the container 108 at which the balancing system 100 is mounted.
Advantageously, the support section 120 can bear against and/or against the inner side of the wall 104 facing the interior 110.
Advantageously, the adapter element 112 can have a sealing element 122, which is in particular of annular and/or sheet-like design. The sealing element 122 is in particular a form seal.
The sealing element 122 is preferably arranged at a recessed section of the bearing section 120. In particular, the sealing element 122 is injection-molded onto the bearing section 120 of the adapter element 112 and/or is fastened to the bearing section 120 in an injection-molding process.
The bearing section 120 forms, in particular, an integral part of a base body 124 of the adapter element 112.
By means of the pressure equalization device 118, a pressure equalization between the pressure in the interior 110 of the container and the pressure of the surroundings 116 can preferably take place in the event of an overpressure in the pressure equalization direction 126.
The pressure equalization direction 126 preferably extends from the interior 110 of the container 108 to the surroundings 116 and/or is arranged in particular parallel to a central axis 128 of the pressure equalization system 100.
The central axis 128 is preferably a central axis and/or an axis of symmetry of the pressure equalization system 100.
Preferably, the following elements of the pressure equalization system 100 are arranged along the pressure equalization direction 126:
a protective element 130; and/or
A membrane element 132; and/or
A trigger element 134; and/or
A support device 136; and/or
A cover member 138.
Advantageously, the adapter element 112 may comprise or consist of one or more of the following materials: a metallic material and/or a polymeric material.
Preferred metallic materials are in particular aluminum and/or steel.
Preferred polymeric materials are elastomeric polymeric materials and/or elastomeric thermoplastic polymeric materials. An example of a polymeric material is poly (organo) siloxane.
It can be provided that the adapter element 112 is provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material.
The electrically conductive material is preferably a metallic material and/or an electrically conductive polymer material and/or a graphite material and/or a carbon fiber composite material.
"electrically conductive" means, in particular, that the corresponding component and/or material has a thickness of about 105S/m or greater, especially about 106An electrical conductivity of S/m or more.
The electromagnetic compatibility of the pressure compensation system 100 is preferably optimized by the material that is electrically conductive.
The membrane element 132 preferably serves as a rupture element and/or for closing and/or releasing a fluid connection between the interior space 110 of the container 108 and the ambient environment 116 of the pressure equalization system 100.
The membrane element 132 is, for example, a membrane.
Advantageously, the membrane element 132 of the pressure equalization device 118 may comprise or consist of one or more of the following materials: graphene, a metallic material, in particular aluminum, a polymeric material, in particular poly (organo) siloxane and/or polytetrafluoroethylene.
It can be provided that the membrane element 132 is partially or completely designed to be porous, in particular open porous.
For example, the membrane element 132 is partially or completely made of a porous, in particular open-porous, polytetrafluoroethylene material.
By trade mark
Figure BDA0003651505990000211
Porous polytetrafluoroethylene materials obtained from Berghof fluoropolymers have proven to be suitable materials.
In the case of an open porous configuration of the membrane element 132, active triggering of the pressure equalization device 118 may not be necessary. A permanent gas exchange between the interior 110 and the surroundings 116 can be configured and, in particular, the generation of an overpressure in the interior 110 of the container 108 can thus be delayed and/or prevented.
Provision can be made for the membrane element 132 to be provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material.
The electrically conductive material is preferably a metallic material and/or an electrically conductive polymer material and/or a graphite material and/or a carbon fiber composite material.
Materials that are electrically conductive are preferably used to optimize the electromagnetic compatibility of the pressure equalization system 100.
Advantageously, the membrane element 132 can close and/or cover the pressure compensation opening 114 in a fluid-tight manner in the closed state of the pressure compensation system 100.
It can be provided that the membrane element 132 is secured to the adapter element 112 in a material-and/or form-and/or force-fitting manner.
The membrane element 132 is preferably configured at least approximately sheet-like, wherein the diameter of the membrane element 132 exceeds the diameter of the pressure compensation opening 118 by, for example, one sixth or more, in particular by one fifth or more.
The thickness of the membrane element 132 parallel to the pressure equalization direction 126 is preferably about 20 μm or less, in particular about 15 μm or less, for example about 12 μm.
The thickness of the membrane element 132 is preferably about 5 μm or more, particularly about 6 μm or more, for example about 8 μm or more.
It can be provided that the protective element 130 has one or more depressions and/or elevations, in particular in the edge region. The one or more depressions and/or elevations are for example annular. In particular to form a structured profile.
Advantageously, the protective element 130 can be connected to the base body 124 of the adapter element 112 in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
It can be provided that the adapter element 112 has one or more, in particular annular, elevations and/or depressions on the side facing the interior 110 of the container 108, which elevations and/or depressions are configured, for example, complementarily to one or more depressions and/or elevations of the protective element 130.
For example, the membrane element 132 is pressed between the adapter element 112 and the protection element 130.
It can be advantageous for the fluid-tight connection between the membrane element 132 and the adapter element 112 to be achieved in that the membrane element 132 is fastened to the adapter element 112 by thermocompression bonding. For example, the protective member 130 and/or the film member 132 are fixed at the adaptor member 112 by thermocompression bonding.
Hot-press gluing is a particularly advantageous consolidation process.
Membrane elements 132 made of, for example, aluminum are particularly suitable for hot-press gluing.
Alternatively, membrane elements 132 made of poly (organo) siloxanes or additional ones of the described materials may also be used.
In the thermocompression bonding, the connection force between the membrane element 132 and the adapter element 112 can be increased and/or can be increased when the corresponding tool has projections and/or recesses. Recesses and/or projections configured to complement this are preferably provided in the adapter element 112 and/or produced by means of a tool.
In the case of thermocompression bonding, it can be advantageous for the membrane element 132 to be molded onto projections and/or depressions in the adapter element 112.
Alternatively or in addition to the connection by hot-pressing, the membrane element 132 can be fastened to the adapter element 112 by welding and/or by injection molding the membrane element 132 to the adapter element 112 and/or injection molding the membrane element 132 to the adapter element 112.
The protective element 130 preferably serves to protect the membrane element 132, for example as a contact protection, and/or to ensure the fixing of the membrane element 132 at the adapter element 112.
It can be provided that the protective element 130 has one or more rib elements 140, which preferably extend radially away from the central axis 128 of the pressure equalization system 112.
Advantageously, one or more rib elements 140 of the protective element 130 can be connected to the connecting ring. The protection element 130 is preferably secured at the adapter element 112 by means of a connection ring.
Advantageously, the protective element 130 can have an opening 142 in the region of the central axis 128, in particular for receiving the triggering element 134 of the pressure compensation device 118.
The trigger element 134 serves, in particular, to trigger the rupture and/or tearing of the membrane element 132 when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure in the interior space 110 of the container 108 is exceeded. The trigger element 134 serves in particular to trigger the rupture of the membrane element 132.
Advantageously, the triggering element 134 can have a substantially conical shape, which tapers, for example, counter to the pressure equalization direction 126.
The trigger element 134 preferably has a pointed end. For example, the trigger element 134 is a stab element 144.
In the closed state of the pressure equalizing device 118, the pointed end of the puncturing element 144 is arranged spaced apart from the membrane element 132 or in contact with the membrane element 132 without damaging the membrane element.
Advantageously, the triggering element 134 can be received centrally in the support device 136 and/or be formed in one piece with the support device 136.
The support 136 is preferably used to hold the trigger element 134 and/or secure the trigger element 134 and/or stabilize the pressure equalization system 100.
Advantageously, the support device 136 may have one or more support elements 146, for example rib elements, which preferably extend away from the triggering element 134 in the radial direction with reference to the central axis 128 of the pressure compensation system 100.
The one or more support elements 146 are secured to the base body 124 of the adapter element 112, in particular in a material-fit and/or form-fit and/or force-fit manner.
For example, the support device 136 is injection-molded onto and/or into the adapter element 112.
The cover element 138 of the pressure equalization system 100 is preferably used to protect and/or cover the pressure equalization device 118 with respect to the ambient environment 116 of the pressure equalization system 100.
Advantageously, the cover element 138 can be secured to the adapter element 112 in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner.
For example, the cover element 138 is clamped and/or snapped into the base body 124 of the adapter element 112 on the side facing the surroundings 116.
The cover member 138 preferably forms an outer member 148 of the pressure equalization system 100.
Advantageously, the cover element 138 or the outer element 148 may comprise or consist of an electrically conductive material.
For example, the cover element 138 or the outer element 148 is provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material.
Metallic materials and/or electrically conductive polymer materials and/or graphite materials and/or electrically conductive carbon fiber composites are preferably suitable as electrically conductive materials.
The electromagnetic compatibility of the pressure equalization system 100 may be optimized by the material being electrically conductive.
The pressure equalization system 100 preferably operates as follows:
when a critical pressure in the interior 110 of the container 108 is exceeded, the membrane element 132 is preferably pressed outward away from the interior 110, so that the membrane element is arched, in particular in the direction of the triggering element 134.
The spacing between the trigger element 134 and the membrane element 132 is preferably selected such that the load exerted by the trigger element 134 on the membrane element 132 when a critical pressure in the interior space 110 is exceeded is so high that the membrane element 132 tears and/or breaks.
The membrane element 132 preferably tears and/or breaks at a predetermined breaking point 150 where it is pressed against the trigger element 132.
Depending on the material selection of the membrane element 132, it can be provided, in addition or alternatively, that a critical pressure is exceeded, in which case a rupture and/or tearing of the membrane element 132 occurs, for example as a result of a material expansion of the membrane element 132. The breaking and/or tearing is preferably triggered by the trigger element 134.
By breaking and/or tearing of the membrane element 132, at least one channel 154 (indicated by reference numbers for the purpose of illustration in the closed state) is preferably created between the interior space 110 of the container 108 and the ambient environment 116, such that pressure equalization may be achieved.
The cover element 138 is preferably pressed and/or driven away (abstergenn) by the pressure of the gas escaping from the interior space 110 in the pressure equalization direction 126. This allows a faster pressure equalization, since in particular the cross section through which the gas escapes is increased.
The second embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100, which is shown in a simplified manner in fig. 5, differs from the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4 in terms of structure and function primarily in that the support device 136 has exactly one support element 146, which is designed as a transverse beam 145. The cross member 145 preferably divides the pressure compensation opening 114 in a plan view of the pressure compensation opening 114 into two halves, in particular of substantially identical size.
Preferably, the total height of the pressure equalization system 100 parallel to the pressure equalization direction 126 is preferably about 7mm or more, in particular about 10mm or more, for example about 13mm or more.
The height of the pressure equalization system 100 is preferably about 23mm or less, particularly about 20mm or less, for example about 17mm or less.
The second embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 5 otherwise corresponds substantially with respect to structure and function to the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4, so that reference is made to this description.
Alternatively to securing the pressure compensation system 100 from the inside of the container 118, it can be provided that the pressure compensation system 100 is and/or can be mounted from the outside of the container facing away from the interior 110.
Preferably, a majority of the adapter element 112 is arranged at an outer side of the wall 104 of the container 108 facing away from the inner space 110.
The third embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 6 to 9 differs from the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4 in terms of structure and function primarily in that the pressure compensation device 118 does not comprise a separate trigger element 134, by means of which a predetermined breaking point 150 is and/or can be produced in the membrane element 132.
As can be seen in particular in fig. 9, the membrane element 132 preferably has one or more predetermined breaking points 150 which tear and/or break when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure in the interior space 110 of the container 108 is exceeded.
The predetermined breaking point or points 150 are preferably configured in the form of one or more material weaknesses 152 in the material of the membrane element 132, which fail, in particular, under critical conditions.
In the area of one or more material weaknesses 152, the membrane element 132 preferably has a locally reduced thickness compared to the adjoining areas.
The thickness of the membrane element 132 is preferably reduced by about 5% or more, in particular by about 10% or more, for example by about 15% or more, in the region of one or more material weaknesses 152 compared to the thickness of the membrane element 132 in the region adjoining this.
For example, one or more material weaknesses 152 may be constructed by scoring and/or pre-die cutting and/or cutting into the membrane element 132.
When a critical pressure in the interior space 110 of the container 108 is exceeded, such a large force is preferably exerted on the membrane element 132 along the pressure equalization direction 126 that the membrane element (in the case of a flexible construction of the membrane element 132) tears at one or more predetermined breaking points 150.
In embodiments where the membrane element 132 is configured to be rigid and/or substantially non-flexing, the membrane element 132 preferably breaks at one or more predetermined breaking points 150 when a threshold pressure in the interior space 110 of the vessel 108 is exceeded.
Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that, when a critical temperature in the interior 110 of the container 108 is exceeded, such a large thermal material expansion of the membrane element 132 occurs that the membrane element tears and/or breaks at one or more predetermined breaking points 150.
At the one or more predetermined breaking points 150, one or more channels 154 are constructed between the interior space 108 of the container 108 and the surroundings 116 of the pressure equalization system 100, in particular by tearing and/or breaking. By means of the one or more channels 154, the overpressure in the interior space 110 can be equalized with the ambient pressure of the pressure equalization system 100 and can thus be reduced in particular.
Additionally or alternatively, the temperature in the interior 110 can be equalized to the ambient temperature by the channels formed in the membrane element 132 due to the gas exchange with the ambient environment 116, and can thus be reduced in particular.
Advantageously, the one or more material weaknesses 152 can be configured, for example, as a cross-shaped (pre-) die cut and/or a score and/or a cut on the side of the membrane element 132 facing the surroundings 116 of the container 108.
Preferably, the pressure equalization system 100 is secured at the wall 104 of the container 108 from the outside of the container 108 towards the surroundings.
The fastening of the adapter element 112 is preferably effected according to one of the variants described in connection with the first embodiment.
Preferably, a protective element 130 is arranged behind with reference to the pressure equalization direction 126, which protective element is in particular at least substantially grid-shaped and/or has openings 156 along the pressure equalization direction 126.
Preferably, the pressure equalization system 100 according to the third embodiment does not have a support device 136.
According to a preferred embodiment, the adapter element 112 and/or the membrane element 132 are made of or comprise a polymer material, in particular an elastomeric polymer material and/or an elastomeric thermoplastic polymer material.
The protective element 130 is preferably composed of or comprises a metallic material, in particular aluminum and/or steel.
Additionally or alternatively, the protective element 130 may comprise or consist of a polymer material.
It can be provided that the polymer material of the protective element 130 comprises or consists of an electrically conductive polymer material.
In addition or alternatively, it can be provided that the protective element 130 is provided with, in particular coated with, an electrically conductive material, both in the case of a protective element 130 made of or having a metallic material and in the case of a protective element 130 made of or having a polymer material.
Preferably, metallic materials and/or electrically conductive polymer materials and/or graphite materials and/or electrically conductive carbon fiber composites are suitable as electrically conductive materials.
The EMV (electromagnetic compatibility) protection can be optimized by electrically conductive protective elements and/or electrically conductive materials.
The protective element 130 forms in particular a support plate for the membrane element 132.
The third embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 6 to 9 corresponds in other respects to the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4 with regard to structure and function, so that reference is made in this respect to the description thereof.
The fourth embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 10 differs from the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4 mainly in terms of structure and function in that the outer element 148 at least substantially completely surrounds and/or covers the adapter element 112 at the outer side of the adapter element 112 facing the surroundings 116.
Advantageously, the membrane element 132 can be secured in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner between the adapter element 112, in particular the outer side of the adapter element 112, and the outer element 148, in particular the inner side of the outer element 148.
In particular, the membrane element 132 is clamped between the adapter element 112 and the outer element 148.
Advantageously, the outer element 148 surrounds the adapter element 112 on the outside.
In order to fasten the outer element 148 to the adapter element 112, it can be provided that the outer element 148 and the adapter element 112 are connected to one another in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner.
For example, the external element 148 is snapped into the adapter element 112. For this purpose, the outer element 148 preferably has one or more connecting elements, which snap-fit into one or more connecting elements of the adapter element 112.
In the case of a plurality of connecting elements, these are preferably arranged regularly along the circumference of the pressure equalization system 100.
It may be beneficial for a fluid-tight seal to arrange a sealing element, for example an O-ring, between the outer element 148 and the wall 104 of the container 108 and/or between the adapter element 112 and the wall 104 of the container 108.
According to this embodiment, the adapter element 112 forms in particular an inner shell and/or the outer element 148 forms an outer shell.
The total height of the pressure equalization system 100 parallel to the pressure equalization direction 126 is preferably about 15mm or more, in particular about 17mm or more, for example about 20mm or more.
The height of the pressure equalization system 100 is preferably about 30mm or less, particularly about 27mm or less, for example about 22mm or less.
The adapter element 112 preferably engages the wall 104 of the container 108 behind the end of the adapter element 112 facing the interior space 110.
The fourth embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 7 to 10 corresponds in other respects in terms of structure and function substantially to the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4, so that reference is made to this description.
Fig. 11 and 12 show a variant of the protective element 130. Fig. 11 shows the protective element 130 in the closed state of the pressure compensation device 118. Fig. 12 shows the protective element 130 in the open state of the pressure compensation device 118.
The protective element 130 preferably has a plurality of openings 156 arranged in a grid pattern and/or is constructed in a screen pattern.
For example, the openings 156 are arranged in a plurality of rows arranged in parallel with respect to each other. In particular, the plurality of openings 156 are arranged in a row at regular intervals relative to each other.
In the closed state of the pressure compensation device 118, which is illustrated in fig. 11, the opening 156 is preferably closed and/or filled with a polymer material.
When the critical temperature and/or critical pressure in the interior space 110 of the container 108 is exceeded, preferably the polymer material is changed such that the opening 156 is released. For example, the polymer material melts and thus releases the opening 156.
In which case the pressure equalizing device 118 is in an open state.
The protective element 130 serves in particular to avoid combustion shocks. The protection element 130 preferably constitutes a flame arrester element 160.
In order to conduct heat away to the adapter element 112 via the choke element 160, it may be advantageous if the choke element 160 comprises a metallic material or consists of a metallic material.
Preferred metallic materials are aluminum and/or steel.
Alternatively, it can be provided that the flame arrester element 160 is made of a thermally conductive and temperature-stable polymer material or comprises such a polymer material.
According to a preferred embodiment, the flame arrestor element 160 is used in combination with an adapter element 112, which is at least locally thermally conductive.
In particular, a thermally and/or electrically conductive contact of the protective element 130 and the adapter element 112 is formed. Therefore, the protective member 130 may constitute a heat sink.
The polymer material preferably acts in an ablative manner and/or burns off when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure is exceeded.
The thermal stability of the polymeric material is preferably about 100 ℃ or higher, in particular about 110 ℃ or higher, for example about 120 ℃ or higher.
The thermal stability of the polymeric material is preferably about 250 ℃ or less, especially about 200 ℃ or less, for example about 180 ℃ or less.
Preferably, 10 or more, in particular 20 or more, for example 30 or more openings 156 are provided.
The opening 156 preferably has a circular or polygonal cross-section perpendicular to the pressure balance direction 126. For example, the openings 156 are triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, and/or hexagonal in configuration.
The opening 156 may also have a different shape.
It may be advantageous for the opening 156 to have a diameter in the pressure equalization direction 126 of about 3 μm or more, in particular about 100 μm or more.
The diameter of the plurality of openings 156 is preferably about 6000 μm or less, especially about 4500 μm or less.
The diameter of the plurality of openings 156 is particularly about 3000 μm or less, such as about 1500 μm or less.
The diameter is preferably the diameter of each opening.
The "diameter" is preferably the mean diameter, which is derived in particular from the arithmetic mean of all diameters.
In the case of a non-circular opening 156, "diameter" preferably refers to the diagonal or longest side.
The protective element 130 shown in fig. 11 and 12 as a choke element 160 can be used with all previously or subsequently described embodiments of the pressure equalization system 100.
The fifth embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 14 to 17 differs from the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4 in terms of structure and function primarily in that the adapter element 112 has a radially outer sealing element 162 which is arranged in the region of an opening 165 of the wall 104 of the container 108 in the radial direction 164 between the base body 124 of the adapter element 112 and the wall 104 of the container 108 with reference to the center axis 128 of the pressure compensation system 100.
For illustration, the wall 104 of the container 108 is shown partially (ausschnittsweeise).
Preferably, the radially outer sealing element 162 completely surrounds the base body 124 of the adapter element 112 in the circumferential direction of the adapter element.
The radially outer sealing element 162 may advantageously be of at least substantially hollow-cylindrical design.
In particular, the radially outer sealing element 162 comprises one or more, in this case two, sealing projections 168 which, in the installed state, bear directly against the wall 104 of the container 108.
The sealing projections 168 are preferably interconnected by one or more groove-shaped recesses in the axial direction with reference to the central axis 128.
The radially outer sealing element 162 preferably bears from the inside, in particular over the entire circumference, against an edge region of the opening 165 of the wall 104 of the container 108 and/or covers it from the inside in the installed state of the pressure compensation system 100.
The length of the radially outer sealing element 162 in the axial direction with reference to the central axis 128 of the pressure equalization system 100 and/or in the pressure equalization direction 126 is preferably about one quarter or more and/or about three quarters or less of the length of the base 124 of the adapter element 112 in the same direction.
Advantageously, the sealing projection 168 can be designed in the form of a sealing collar and/or can bear against a region of the wall 104 of the container 108 which connects the inner side of the wall 104 facing the interior 110 of the container 108 and the outer side of the wall facing away from the interior 110 of the container 108.
It can be provided that the radially outer sealing element 162 is received in a sealing element receiver 170, for example in a receiving groove. For example, for displacements in the axial direction with reference to the central axis 128 of the pressure equalization system 100, the radially outer sealing element 162 is fixed and/or secured by the sealing element receptacle 170.
For an optimized sealing action, it can be advantageous if the radially outer sealing element 162 consists of or comprises an elastomeric polymer material.
As can be seen in particular in fig. 15, the pressure compensation system 100 preferably does not comprise a separately designed support device 136, but rather the support device 136 forms an integral part of the adapter element 112 and/or is designed as one piece with the base body 124 of the adapter element 112.
The support device 136 preferably comprises a plurality of, here four, rib-shaped support elements 146 which carry and/or stabilize the triggering element 134.
The triggering element 134 is preferably designed as a short blunt element
Figure BDA0003651505990000311
And/or have an at least substantially hexagonal cross-section or a star-shaped cross-section. The cross section is in particular parallel to the main extension of the wall 104 of the container 108And (4) cutting the surface.
It may be beneficial for the protective element 130 of the pressure equalization system 100 to have a honeycomb structure with hexagonal openings 156 in cross-section.
The opening 142 of the protective element 130, which is arranged in line with the trigger element 134 in the pressure equalization direction 126, preferably has a shape which is configured complementarily to the trigger element 134.
Preferably, the triggering element 134 is guided through an opening 142, which is configured complementary to the triggering element 134, when the pressure compensation device 118 is triggered.
Preferably, the cover element 138 of the pressure compensation system 100 is connected to the base body 124 of the adapter element 112 by means of a snap-in lock 172 of the pressure compensation system 100 in a non-positive and/or positive-locking manner.
In particular, latch 172 includes a plurality of latch elements 174 that extend away from a cover plate 176. The latching element 174 is, for example, a spring element 175, which is designed to be elastic relative to the cover plate 176.
The cover plate 176 is preferably arranged at the end of the pressure equalization system 100 facing away from the interior 110 of the container 108 in the mounted state of the pressure equalization system 100.
The cover plate 176 is preferably flat and/or planar.
For example, the plurality of latching elements 174 is configured at least approximately tongue-shaped and/or regularly arranged along the circumference of the cover element 138.
The latching element 174 preferably engages in the latched state in a receiving recess 180 provided for this purpose in the wall 104 of the adapter element 112 or the receptacle 108.
The receiving recess 180 may also be formed by a radial recess in the base body 124 of the adapter element 112 or in the wall 104 of the container 108.
Preferably, the latching elements 174 are each pushed into the receiving recess 180 and are held in the latching position, in particular due to the projection of the latching elements 174.
In particular, the plurality of latching elements 174 are snapped into the receiving recess 180.
In the snapped-in and/or latched state, the cover element 138 is preferably secured for displacement relative to the adapter element 112 by the latching element 174 received in the receiving projection 180.
The spring design of the latching element 174 preferably optimizes the insertion and/or fixing of the latching element 174 in the receiving recess 180.
It can be provided that a plurality of projections 182 extend from an edge region of the cover plate 176 of the cover element 138 away from the cover plate 176 counter to the pressure equalization direction 126.
The exhaust gas volume flow can be set by the arrangement and/or the extension of the projections 182 or the openings formed in the circumferential direction between them.
For example, the edge of the projection 182 facing away from the cover plate 176 bears against and/or rests on the adapter element 112 in the mounted state of the pressure compensation system 100.
It can be provided that one wide projection 182a and two narrow projections 182b are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the cover element 138. Preferably, the length of the wide protrusions 182a is about one-quarter or more and/or about one-half or less of the length of the narrow protrusions 182b, respectively, along the circumferential direction of the cover member 138.
Advantageously, the membrane element 132, which is designed as a membrane, can be received between the protective element 130 and the adapter element 112 along the pressure compensation direction 126 in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
The fifth embodiment of the pressure equalization system 100 shown in fig. 14 to 17 otherwise corresponds substantially with respect to structure and function to the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4, so that reference is made to this description.
The sixth embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 18 to 21 differs from the fifth embodiment shown in fig. 14 to 17 in terms of structure and function primarily in that the base body 124, the support device 136 and in particular the cover element 138 of the adapter element 112 are produced in one piece and/or connected to one another in a material-fit manner.
Advantageously, the cover plate 176 of the cover element 138 can have a plurality of projections 182 which have at least approximately the same length along the circumference of the cover element 138 and/or are arranged regularly along the circumference of the cover element 138.
For example, the cover plate 176 is connected to the base 124 of the adapter element 112 by means of a projection 182. A plurality of, in particular rectangular, openings are preferably formed along the circumference of the cover element 138 between the projections 182.
Preferably, the projection 182 is arranged in a curved manner with respect to the main extension plane of the cover plate 176.
Advantageously, the support device 136 can be designed in such a way that it is arched in the direction of the interior 110 of the container 108 in the installed state of the pressure compensation system 100.
Advantageously, the support device 136 can be curved away from the cover plate 176 of the cover element 138. Preferably, the trigger element 134 is arranged and/or secured at an area of the support 136 that is spaced furthest from the cover plate 176.
The sixth embodiment of the pressure compensation system 100 shown in fig. 18 to 21 otherwise corresponds substantially with respect to structure and function to the fifth embodiment shown in fig. 14 to 17, so that reference is made to this description.

Claims (34)

1. A pressure equalization system (100), in particular for pressure equalization of an overpressure of an electrochemical system (102), wherein the pressure equalization system (100) comprises:
a pressure equalization device (118) acting in a closed state between the interior space (110) of the container (108) and the surroundings (116) of the pressure equalization system (100); and
an adapter element (112) for securing the pressure equalization device (118) at the container (108),
wherein the pressure equalizing device (118) can be brought into an open state for pressure equalization between the interior space (110) of the container (108) and an environment (116) of the pressure equalizing system (100).
2. The pressure equalization system (100) of claim 1, characterized in that the pressure equalization device (118) comprises a membrane element (132) comprising one or more preset rupture locations (150) at which and/or in which the membrane element (132) tears and/or ruptures when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure is exceeded, such that a pressure equalization is in particular possible between the interior space (110) of the container (108) and the surroundings (116) of the pressure equalization system (100).
3. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises a trigger element (134) and a membrane element (132) for opening at least one channel (154) between the interior space (110) of the container (108) and the surroundings of the pressure equalizing system (100), wherein the trigger element (134) and the membrane element (132) are arranged in particular one after the other along a pressure equalizing direction (126), wherein a spacing of the membrane element (132) and the trigger element (134) along the pressure equalizing direction (126) is selected such that the membrane element (132) acts on the trigger element (134) when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure in the interior space (110) of the container (108) is exceeded, such that the membrane element (132) tears and/or breaks, and/or the trigger element (134) acts on the membrane element (132) when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure in the interior space (110) of the container (108) is exceeded, such that the membrane element (132) tears and/or breaks.
4. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a triggering element (134) of the pressure equalizing device (118) forms an integral part of a support device (136), wherein the support device (136) is connected to a base body (124) of the adapter element (112), in particular in an injection molding process, wherein the support device (136) comprises in particular one or more rib elements (140) which extend between the triggering element (134) and the base body (124) of the adapter element (112) in a radial direction with reference to a central axis (128) of the pressure equalizing system (100).
5. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises a protective element (130) for supporting and protecting a membrane element (132), wherein the protective element (130) is particularly arranged on a side of the membrane element (132) facing away from a triggering element (134), and wherein the protective element (130) particularly comprises one or more rib elements (140) which extend in a radial direction with reference to a central axis (128) of the pressure equalizing system (100).
6. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adapter element (112) is secured and/or can be secured at the container (108) in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, in particular by a bayonet connection and/or a threaded connection and/or by a clamping connection and/or by a snap connection.
7. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the adapter element (112) has a sealing element (122), in particular injection-molded at a base body (124) of the adapter element (112), wherein the sealing element (122) is in particular arranged on a side of the adapter element (112) facing away from the interior space (110) of the container (108).
8. The pressure equalizing system (100) of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the adapter element (112) comprises or consists of one or more of the following materials: metallic materials, in particular aluminum and/or steel, polymeric materials, in particular elastomeric polymeric materials and/or elastomeric thermoplastic polymeric materials, in particular poly (organo) siloxanes.
9. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a membrane element (132) of the pressure equalizing device (118) is connected with the adapter element (112) in a material-fitting and/or force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner.
10. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a membrane element (132) of the pressure equalizing device (118) is secured at the adapter element (112) in a material-fitting manner, in particular by thermocompression bonding, welding and/or injection, in particular on the side of the adapter element (112) facing the interior space (110) of the container (108).
11. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pressure equalizing system (100) has an outer element (148) which is connected with the adapter element (112) and/or the container (108) in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner, in particular by a threaded connection and/or a bayonet connection and/or a clamping connection and/or a snap connection.
12. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a membrane element (132) of the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises or consists of one or more of the following materials: graphene, a metallic material, in particular aluminum, a polymeric material, in particular poly (organo) siloxane and/or polytetrafluoroethylene.
13. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises a membrane element (132) and/or a protective element (130) which is held between an external element (148) of the pressure equalizing system (100) and the adapter element (112) in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner, in particular by a clamping and/or snap connection.
14. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises a protective element (130) which, in the closed state of the pressure equalizing device (118), closes off the interior space (110) of the container (108), wherein the protective element (130) comprises a plurality of openings (156), in particular arranged in a grid-like manner, parallel to a pressure equalizing direction (126), which are closed off by a polymer material in the closed state of the pressure equalizing device (118).
15. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the protective element (130) of the pressure equalizing device (118) constitutes a heat sink for dissipating heat and/or in that the polymer material acts in an ablative manner.
16. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that thermal contact is formed between a protective element (130) of the pressure equalizing device (118) and the adapter element (112).
17. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the protective element (130) of the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises or consists of a metallic material, in particular steel and/or aluminum.
18. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises a protective element (130), wherein the pressure equalizing device (118) can be brought into an open state in which a plurality of openings (156) of the protective element (130) are open and/or released parallel to a pressure equalizing direction (126) when a critical temperature and/or a critical pressure is exceeded, in particular due to melting of a polymer material closing the plurality of openings (156) in a closed state of the pressure equalizing device (118).
19. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the polymeric material closing the plurality of openings (156) of the protective element (130) of the pressure equalizing device (118) in the closed state of the pressure equalizing device (118) has a thermal stability of about 100 ℃ to about 200 ℃, in particular of about 120 ℃ to about 150 ℃.
20. The pressure equalizing system (100) of any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the pressure equalizing device (118) comprises a protective element (130) comprising a plurality of openings (156) along a pressure equalizing direction (126), wherein the plurality of openings (156) have a diameter of about 3 μ ι η to about 6000 μ ι η, in particular about 100 μ ι η to about 3000 μ ι η.
21. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the adapter element (112) has a radially outer sealing element (162) which is at least substantially hollow-cylindrical and/or which is fastened at a base body (124) of the adapter element (112) on a radially outer side with reference to a central axis (128) of the pressure equalizing system (100).
22. The pressure equalization system (100) of claim 21, characterized in that the radially outer sealing element (162) has one or more, in particular annular, sealing projections (168) on a radially outer side with reference to the central axis (128) of the pressure equalization system (100), which extend radially away from the base body (124) of the adapter element (112).
23. The pressure equalizing system (100) of claim 21 or 22, characterized in that a length of the radially outer sealing element (162) along an axial direction with reference to the central axis (128) of the pressure equalizing system (100) is about 1/4 to about 3/4 of a length of the base body (124) of the adapter element (112).
24. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 23, characterized in that a protective element (130) of the pressure equalizing system (100) is connected with the adapter element (112) in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner at the end of the adapter element (112) facing the interior space (110) of the container (108), wherein in particular the adapter element (112) engages behind the protective element (130) in a radial direction with reference to the central axis (128) of the pressure equalizing system (100).
25. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to claim 24, characterized in that said protective element (130) has a honeycomb structure, in particular hexagonal.
26. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the pressure equalizing system (100) comprises a covering element (138) that covers the adapter element (112) on the side facing the surroundings (116) of the pressure equalizing system (100), wherein in particular the covering element (138) is secured at the base body (124) of the adapter element (112) and/or at the container (108) by means of a latching device (172) of the pressure equalizing system (100).
27. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to claim 26, characterized in that the latching device (172) has one or more latching elements (174) which, in the mounted state of the pressure equalizing system (100), latch with one or more receiving recesses (180) which are arranged at a radially inner side of the base body (124) of the adapter element (112) or at a wall (104) of the receptacle (108), wherein in particular the one or more latching elements (174) project away from a cover plate (176) of the cover element (138) in the direction of the adapter element (112).
28. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that one or more latching elements (174) of the latching device (174) are configured as spring elements (175), wherein the cover element (138) is prevented from being displaced relative to the adapter element (112) in an axial direction with reference to the central axis (128) of the pressure equalizing system (100) due to the spring tension of the one or more spring elements (175).
29. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of the claims 26 to 28, characterized in that one or more latch elements (174) of the latch device (172) are spaced apart from the central axis (128) of the pressure equalizing system (100) by about 1/4 to about 3/4 of the total radius and/or the total length of the covering element (138).
30. Pressure equalizing system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the base body (124) of the adapter element (112), the supporting device (136) of the pressure equalizing system (100) and in particular the covering element (138) of the pressure equalizing system (100) are constructed in one piece.
31. Electrochemical system (102) comprising one or more pressure equalization systems (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 30, wherein the one or more pressure equalization systems (100) are secured at and/or in a wall (104) of a container (108), in particular a wall of a housing (106) of the electrochemical system (102), in particular in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
32. The electrochemical system (102) of claim 31, wherein at least one of the one or more pressure equalization systems (100) is secured at and/or in the wall (104) of the container (108) as follows:
through a bayonet connection; and/or
Through the threaded connection; and/or
By clamping the connection; and/or
Through the clamping connection part.
33. The electrochemical system (102) of claim 31 or 32, wherein a radially outer sealing element (162) of at least one of the one or more pressure equalization systems (100) directly abuts against the wall (104) of the container (108) on a radially inner side with reference to a central axis (128) of the respective pressure equalization system (100).
34. The electrochemical system (102) of any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein a length of a radially outer sealing element (162) of at least one of the one or more pressure equalization systems (100) along an axial direction with reference to a central axis (128) of the respective pressure equalization system (100) is about 55% or more, particularly about 65% or more, of an average thickness of the wall (104) of the container (108).
CN202080080705.2A 2019-11-28 2020-11-23 Pressure equalization system and electrochemical system Pending CN114747076A (en)

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