CN114745055A - Superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission, and relates to the field of quantum information and microwave photonics. The multichannel laser array module simultaneously outputs multichannel optical carrier signals with equal interval wavelengths corresponding to the ITU standard and inputs the multichannel optical carrier signals into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module through optical fibers; the microwave control signal generator module generates a microwave control signal of superconducting qubits, and the microwave control signal is input into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module through a microwave cable; the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module is used for modulating a microwave control signal and loading the microwave control signal onto an optical carrier signal to obtain a plurality of paths of optical carrier microwave signals; and the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module is used for multiplexing and combining the multipath optical carrier microwave signals and inputting the multiplexed optical carrier microwave signals into the ultralow temperature cavity through optical fibers. The microwave signal transmission efficiency is improved, the volume and the weight of microwave control signal transmission in the limited volume of the ultra-low temperature cavity are greatly reduced, and the effective control of large-scale superconducting quantum bits becomes possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum information and microwave photonics, in particular to a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission.
Background
From birth, the classical computer is continuously developed along with moore's law, but with the change of micro-nano processing technology, the classical computer is continuously approaching to the physical limit, and the quantum computer capable of applying quantum effect is widely concerned.
The technical paths of quantum computers include superconducting quantum circuit systems, ion trap systems, semiconductor quantum dot systems, cavity quantum electrodynamics systems, linear optics systems and the like. Various systems have advantages and disadvantages, wherein, the operation fidelity of a single-double quantum bit gate also meets the fault tolerance threshold requirement of a quantum computing theory respectively due to the continuously improved coherence time compared with the ultra-short logic gate operation time of the superconducting quantum computer, and most importantly, the system has excellent expandability.
Superconducting quantum computer core chips are based primarily on Josephson junctions, with phase, flux, and charge type circuits, respectively. Wherein the Josephson circuit can be formulated and controlled by the design of the circuit and the external magnetic field signal. The superconducting quantum chip needs to carry out quantum control in an mK temperature region, and each quantum bit needs to be controlled by simultaneously inputting a plurality of paths of control signals in a limited space of an ultralow temperature cavity. And as the number of bits increases, the applied electromagnetic signal also increases by multiples, for example, for a future 100-qubit quantum computer, 300-path electromagnetic control signal input is expected to be required, which poses a challenge to an ultra-low temperature environment with a limited volume.
Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the transmission of microwave control signals and improve the signal transmission efficiency by a new technical means.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission, which solves the technical problem that the superconducting quantum system is limited in the volume and weight of microwave control signal transmission which is increased day by day under the limit of the limited volume of an ultra-low temperature cavity.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission at least comprises a single transmission link, wherein any one transmission link comprises a multi-channel laser array module, an optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module, a microwave control signal generator module, a demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module, a superconducting quantum chip, an ultra-low temperature cavity and an external power supply control module;
the multichannel laser array module simultaneously outputs a plurality of paths of optical carrier signals with equal interval wavelengths corresponding to the ITU standard, and the optical carrier signals are input into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module through optical fibers;
the microwave control signal generator module generates a microwave control signal of superconducting quantum bits, and the microwave control signal is input into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module through a microwave cable;
the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module is used for modulating the microwave control signal and loading the microwave control signal onto the optical carrier signal to obtain a plurality of paths of optical carrier microwave signals; the multi-path optical carrier microwave signals are multiplexed and combined and are input into the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module in the ultra-low temperature cavity through optical fibers;
the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module is used for demultiplexing the optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths; recovering microwave control signals corresponding to all paths by adopting photoelectric conversion, and inputting the recovered microwave control signals into the superconducting quantum chip in the ultralow temperature cavity through a low-temperature cable;
the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module and the superconducting quantum chip are respectively positioned in different temperature areas in the ultralow temperature cavity, and the temperature of the superconducting quantum chip is lower than that of the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module;
the external power supply control module is used for providing temperature working voltage for the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module.
Preferably, the number of the multiple paths of optical carrier microwave signals is any number between 8 and 32, the operating wavelength corresponds to ITU standard wavelength, and the interval is 100GHz or 200 GHz.
Preferably, the number of channels of the multi-channel laser array module is any number between 8 and 32, the working wavelength corresponds to the ITU standard wavelength of the C waveband, and the interval is 100GHz or 200 GHz.
Preferably, the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module comprises a multi-channel modulator and a first wavelength division multiplexer;
the multichannel modulator comprises a plurality of modulators working in a C wave band, the modulation frequency is higher than 10GHz, and the microwave control signals are modulated and loaded on the optical carrier signals through the modulators;
the first wavelength division multiplexer corresponds to a C-waveband ITU standard wavelength, and each channel wavelength corresponds to the working wavelength of the multi-channel laser array module and is used for multiplexing and combining the multi-channel optical carrier microwave signals.
Preferably, the microwave control signal generator module is configured to control generation and amplitude timing of a microwave control signal for modulation of the superconducting quantum chip.
Preferably, the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module comprises a second wavelength division multiplexer and a multi-channel array photodetector;
the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer, has the same working wavelength as the multichannel laser array module, and is used for demultiplexing the optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the single-path optical fiber according to different wavelengths;
the multichannel array photoelectric detector is connected with the external power supply control module and used for performing photoelectric conversion on the demultiplexed optical carrier microwave signals with various wavelengths to recover the microwave control signals.
Preferably, the temperature of the superconducting quantum chip is less than or equal to 15 mK; the temperature of the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module is 50K to 100K.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the multichannel laser array module simultaneously outputs multichannel optical carrier signals with equal interval wavelengths corresponding to the ITU standard and inputs the multichannel optical carrier signals into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module through optical fibers; the microwave control signal generator module generates a microwave control signal of superconducting qubits, and the microwave control signal is input into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module through a microwave cable; the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module is used for modulating a microwave control signal and loading the microwave control signal onto an optical carrier signal to obtain a plurality of paths of optical carrier microwave signals; and the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module is used for multiplexing and combining the multipath optical carrier microwave signals and inputting the multiplexed optical carrier microwave signals into the ultralow temperature cavity through optical fibers. The superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission replaces the existing quantum system based on microwave cable signal transmission, so that the microwave signal transmission efficiency can be effectively improved, the volume and weight of microwave control signal transmission in the limited volume of the ultralow temperature cavity are greatly reduced, and the effective control of large-scale superconducting quantum bits becomes possible.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single multiplexing link according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the application provides a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission, solves the technical problem that the superconducting quantum system is limited by the limited volume of an ultra-low temperature cavity and the volume and weight of microwave control signal transmission which is increased day by day, and enables the effective control of large-scale superconducting quantum bits to be possible.
In order to solve the technical problems, the general idea of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
the microwave photonics technology is a cross discipline which can fully exert the advantages of photonics and electronics, and transmits and processes microwave signals in an optical domain by modulating the microwave signals onto optical carriers and then exerting the technical advantages of photonics. The optical microwave transmission technology can exert the advantages of parallel multiplexing, electromagnetic interference resistance, low loss, high bandwidth and the like of photonics, thereby exerting the light weight and high multiplexing capability of the optical microwave transmission, replacing the scheme of transmitting microwave regulation and control signals by using the traditional electronic mode in superconducting quantum computing, reducing the volume weight of microwave regulation and control signal transmission equipment in the ultra-low temperature environment of a superconducting quantum computer, and solving the technical bottleneck of the volume weight of a transmission control signal transmission channel which is multiplied along with the increase of the number of quantum bits in a limited volume, thereby having great advantages and practical value.
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention provides a superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission, the superconducting quantum system at least comprises a single multiplexing link (optical carrier microwave transmission link), each optical carrier microwave transmission link is multiplexed, and fig. 1 exemplifies that 3 same links are simultaneously used for microwave control signal transmission.
As shown in fig. 1-2, any one of the multiplexing links includes a multi-channel laser array module 1, an optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module 2, a microwave control signal generator module 3, a demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4, a superconducting quantum chip 5, an ultra-low temperature cavity 6, and an external power control module 7.
The multichannel laser array module 1 simultaneously outputs multipath light carrier signals with equal interval wavelength corresponding to ITU standard, and the light carrier signals are input into the light carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module 2 through optical fibers.
The microwave control signal generator module 3 generates a microwave control signal of superconducting qubits, and inputs the microwave control signal into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module 2 through a microwave cable.
The optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module 2 is used for modulating the microwave control signal and loading the microwave control signal onto the optical carrier signal to obtain a plurality of paths of optical carrier microwave signals; and the multipath optical carrier microwave signals are multiplexed and combined and are input into the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4 in the ultralow temperature cavity 6 through optical fibers.
The demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4 is used for demultiplexing the optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths; and recovering microwave control signals corresponding to each path by adopting photoelectric conversion, and inputting the recovered microwave control signals into the superconducting quantum chip 5 in the ultralow temperature cavity 6 through a low-temperature cable.
The demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4 and the superconducting quantum chip 5 are respectively located in different temperature areas in the ultra-low temperature cavity 6, and the temperature of the superconducting quantum chip 5 is lower than the temperature of the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4.
The external power control module 7 is used for providing temperature working voltage for the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the superconducting quantum system based on the optical carrier microwave signal transmission replaces the existing quantum system based on the microwave cable signal transmission, so that the microwave signal transmission efficiency can be effectively improved, the volume and weight of microwave control signal transmission in the limited volume of the ultra-low temperature cavity are greatly reduced, and the effective control of large-scale superconducting quantum bits becomes possible.
In an embodiment, the number of the multiple optical carrier microwave signals is any number between 8 and 32, the operating wavelength corresponds to an ITU standard wavelength, and the interval is 100GHz or 200 GHz.
Correspondingly, the number of channels of the multi-channel laser array module 1 is any number between 8 and 32, the working wavelength corresponds to the C-band ITU standard wavelength, the interval is 100GHz or 200GHz, and the modulation of multiple microwave control signals on optical carrier signals is realized, so that the multiplexing transmission is realized.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the optical radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module 2 includes a multi-channel modulator 2-1 and a first wavelength division multiplexer 2-2.
The multi-channel modulator 2-1 comprises a plurality of modulators working in a C waveband, the modulation frequency is higher than 10GHz, and the microwave control signals are modulated and loaded on the optical carrier signals through the modulators;
the first wavelength division multiplexer 2-2 corresponds to a C-band ITU standard wavelength, and each channel wavelength corresponds to a working wavelength of the multi-channel laser array module 1 and is used for multiplexing and combining the multi-path optical carrier microwave signals, so that single optical fiber transmission is realized.
In an embodiment, the microwave control signal generator module 3 is configured to control generation and amplitude timing of a microwave control signal for modulation of the superconducting quantum chip.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4 includes a second wavelength division multiplexer 4-1 and a multi-channel array photodetector 4-2.
The second wavelength division multiplexer 4-1 is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer 2-2, has the same working wavelength as the multichannel laser array module 1, and is used for demultiplexing the optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the single-path optical fiber according to different wavelengths;
the multi-channel array photoelectric detector 4-2 is connected with the external power supply control module 7 (ensuring normal operation of the detector at low temperature), and is specifically used for performing photoelectric conversion on demultiplexed optical microwave signals with various wavelengths to recover microwave control signals, and transmitting the microwave control signals to the superconducting quantum chip 6 in an ultralow temperature environment through a low-temperature microwave cable, so that independent control of various bits of the superconducting quantum chip 6 is completed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4 works in the ultra-low temperature cavity 6, so that the temperature corresponding to the ultra-low temperature cavity 6 required by the superconducting quantum computer is in a progressive mode. As mentioned above, the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4 and the superconducting quantum chip 5 are respectively located in different temperature regions within the ultra-low temperature cavity 6, and the temperature of the superconducting quantum chip 5 is lower than the temperature of the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4.
Specifically, the temperature of the superconducting quantum chip 5 may be set to 15mK or less; the temperature at which the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module 4 is located may be set to be between 50K and 100K.
In addition, it is understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, both the second wavelength division multiplexer 4-1 and the multi-channel array photodetector 4-2 need to select a packaging technology and a material system working in a low temperature environment to perform customization aiming at the low temperature environment; the corresponding optical fiber for connection in a low-temperature environment is generally a copper-plated or gold-plated optical fiber, so that effective signal transmission at extremely low temperature is realized.
The embodiment of the invention enables the effective control of large-scale superconducting qubits to be possible. From the above analysis, the optical carrier microwave signal transmission link can simultaneously realize multiplexing of any one of 8-32 channels, that is, multiplexing of multiple channels of microwave signals into a few channels through optical signals. The following examples are given in the background art: in the prior art, a 100-bit superconducting quantum chip requires 300 control signals; and if the 32-path multiplexing of the embodiment of the invention is adopted, only 10 paths of optical carrier microwave signal links are required to be transmitted in parallel, so that the requirement can be met, and the difficulty of transmitting the microwave signals into the low-temperature cavity with the limited volume is greatly reduced.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the superconducting quantum system based on the optical carrier microwave signal transmission replaces the existing quantum system based on the microwave cable signal transmission, so that the microwave signal transmission efficiency can be effectively improved, the volume and weight of microwave control signal transmission in the limited volume of the ultra-low temperature cavity are greatly reduced, and the effective control of large-scale superconducting quantum bits becomes possible.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A superconducting quantum system based on optical carrier microwave signal transmission is characterized by at least comprising a single multiplexing link, wherein any one multiplexing link comprises a multi-channel laser array module (1), an optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module (2), a microwave control signal generator module (3), a demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4), a superconducting quantum chip (5), an ultra-low temperature cavity (6) and an external power supply control module (7);
the multichannel laser array module (1) simultaneously outputs multichannel optical carrier signals with equal interval wavelengths corresponding to ITU standards, and the multichannel optical carrier signals are input into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module (2) through optical fibers;
the microwave control signal generator module (3) generates a microwave control signal of superconducting qubits, and the microwave control signal is input into the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module (2) through a microwave cable;
the optical carrier radio frequency signal modulation and multiplexing module (2) is used for modulating the microwave control signal and loading the microwave control signal onto the optical carrier signal to obtain a plurality of paths of optical carrier microwave signals; the multiplex beam combination is realized on the multichannel optical carrier microwave signals, and the multichannel optical carrier microwave signals are input into the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4) in the ultralow temperature cavity (6) through optical fibers;
the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4) is used for demultiplexing the optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths; recovering microwave control signals corresponding to each path by adopting photoelectric conversion, and inputting the recovered microwave control signals into the superconducting quantum chip (5) in the ultralow temperature cavity (6) through a low-temperature cable;
the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4) and the superconducting quantum chip (5) are respectively positioned in different temperature areas in the ultralow temperature cavity (6), and the temperature of the superconducting quantum chip (5) is lower than that of the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4);
the external power supply control module (7) is used for providing temperature working voltage for the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4).
2. A superconducting quantum system according to claim 1 wherein the multiple optical carrier microwave signals have any number of paths between 8 and 32, operating wavelengths corresponding to ITU standard wavelengths, and are spaced at 100GHz or 200 GHz.
3. A superconducting quantum system according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the number of channels of the multi-channel laser array module (1) is any number between 8 and 32, the operating wavelength corresponds to the C-band ITU standard wavelength, and the spacing is 100GHz or 200 GHz.
4. A superconducting quantum system according to claim 3 wherein the radio frequency over optical signal modulation and multiplexing module (2) comprises a multi-channel modulator (2-1) and a first wavelength division multiplexer (2-2);
the multichannel modulator (2-1) comprises a plurality of modulators working in a C waveband, the modulation frequency is higher than 10GHz, and the microwave control signals are modulated and loaded on the optical carrier signals through the modulators;
the first wavelength division multiplexer (2-2) corresponds to a C-waveband ITU standard wavelength, and each channel wavelength corresponds to the working wavelength of the multi-channel laser array module (1) and is used for multiplexing and combining the multi-path optical carrier microwave signals.
5. A superconducting quantum system according to claim 3 wherein the microwave control signal generator module (3) is adapted to control the generation and amplitude timing of microwave control signals for modulation of the superconducting quantum chip.
6. A superconducting quantum system according to claim 3, wherein the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4) comprises a second wavelength division multiplexer (4-1) and a multi-channel array photodetector (4-2);
the second wavelength division multiplexer (4-1) is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer (2-2), the working wavelength of the second wavelength division multiplexer is the same as that of the multi-channel laser array module (1), and the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for demultiplexing the optical carrier microwave signals with different wavelengths in the single-channel optical fiber according to different wavelengths;
the multichannel array photoelectric detector (4-2) is connected with the external power supply control module (7) and is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the demultiplexed optical carrier microwave signals with various wavelengths to recover the microwave control signals.
7. A superconducting quantum system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature of the superconducting quantum chip (5) is less than or equal to 15 mK; the temperature of the demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion module (4) is between 50K and 100K.
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