CN114744478A - Laser light source system suitable for helium resonance fluorescence laser radar - Google Patents

Laser light source system suitable for helium resonance fluorescence laser radar Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114744478A
CN114744478A CN202210663928.2A CN202210663928A CN114744478A CN 114744478 A CN114744478 A CN 114744478A CN 202210663928 A CN202210663928 A CN 202210663928A CN 114744478 A CN114744478 A CN 114744478A
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laser
light
pump
pump laser
wavelength
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CN114744478B (en
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赵东锋
肖增军
王兆峰
顾洁琼
张强
陈旸
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
    • H01S3/1083—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering using parametric generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/484—Transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094096—Multi-wavelength pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

A laser source system suitable for use in a helium resonance fluorescence lidar, the laser source system comprising: the laser source device comprises a pump laser source device and a laser processing device, wherein the pump laser source device is suitable for generating first pump laser and second pump laser, and the first pump laser and the second pump laser are pulse lasers; the seed light generating device is suitable for generating final seed laser, wherein the final seed laser is single-frequency continuous laser, the wavelength range of the final seed laser is 1082-1084nm, the wavelength of the final seed laser is greater than that of the first pump laser and that of the second pump laser, and the second pump laser and the final seed laser are spatially coupled; and the optical parameter generation device is suitable for obtaining signal light and idler frequency light according to part of the second pumping laser and part of the final seed laser.

Description

Laser light source system suitable for helium resonance fluorescence laser radar
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lasers in optical instruments, in particular to a laser light source system suitable for a helium resonance fluorescence laser radar.
Background
Helium (He) is a very important atmospheric element in the thermal layer, where metastable He atoms [ He (2) ] are present in the thermal layer3S) ] is mainly generated by direct collision of ground state He atoms and high-energy photoelectrons, in 1997, Gerrard firstly proposes that the naturally-existing He can be used as an effective scatterer of a thermal layer, and metastable He backscatter fluorescence can be detected by laser (1083nm) tuned to the resonance frequency of the atoms, so as to obtain atmospheric parameters such as 200-1000km overhead temperature, wind direction, density and the like. Helium resonance fluorescence lidar has the potential to make breakthrough measurements at the hot and transpiration layers.
Helium resonance fluorescence lidar requires a laser source with high power (10-100W), narrow bandwidth (< 1 MHz), small divergence angle (< 1 mrad), which can be either a continuous laser source or a pulsed laser source. The continuous laser source amplifies 1083nm continuous laser output by a narrow linewidth seed laser through a multi-stage ytterbium-doped amplifier, the laser power is low, and because a corresponding signal cannot be determined first and then according to the time of receiving an echo signal, a photosensitive surface with more pixels is needed to realize certain distance resolution capability, but the distance resolution capability in height is poor, and meanwhile, the imaging mode of the continuous laser radar has high requirements on the accuracy of distance and angle, and the realization difficulty is high. The signal-to-noise ratio of a single-column pixel element of the continuous laser radar system is poor, the signal-to-noise ratio of signals in winter is lower than 10 at most, and the signal-to-noise ratio of signals in summer is lower than 0.1 at most. Compared with a continuous laser radar system, the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse laser radar system can reach 300 at the highest in winter, and the signal-to-noise ratio can still reach about 13 due to the low density of metastable helium atoms in summer, so that the requirement of effective observation on the signal-to-noise ratio of more than 10 is met. Therefore, the pulse laser radar system has more advantages, but no commercial high-energy pulse 1083nm laser light source exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a laser light source system suitable for a helium resonance fluorescence laser radar, so as to at least partially solve the above mentioned technical problems.
To achieve the above object, there is provided, as an aspect of the present invention, a laser light source system suitable for a helium resonance fluorescence laser radar, including:
the laser source device comprises a pump laser source device and a laser processing device, wherein the pump laser source device is suitable for generating first pump laser and second pump laser which are pulse lasers;
the seed light generating device is suitable for generating final seed laser, wherein the final seed laser is single-frequency continuous laser, the wavelength range of the final seed laser is 1082-1084nm, the wavelength of the final seed laser is greater than that of the first pump laser and that of the second pump laser, and the second pump laser and the final seed laser are spatially coupled;
the optical parameter generating device is suitable for obtaining signal light and idler frequency light according to part of second pump laser and part of final seed laser, wherein the phase of the second pump laser is equal to the sum of the phase of the idler frequency light and the phase of the signal light, and the wavelength of the signal light is the same as that of the final seed laser;
the multistage optical parametric amplification device is suitable for performing optical parametric amplification based on the intensity of the first pump laser, the second pump laser from the optical parametric generation device and the idler frequency light to obtain a laser light source which has a wavelength range of 1082-1084nm and is suitable for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar.
Optionally, the pulse widths of the first and second pump lasers are the same.
Optionally, the first pump laser, the second pump laser, the final seed laser, and the signal light are polarized in a first direction, and the idler light is polarized in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
Optionally, the pump laser source device comprises:
the laser device comprises a pump light generating unit, a laser processing unit and a laser processing unit, wherein the pump light generating unit is suitable for generating a first pump laser and a third pump laser, and the third pump laser is a pulse laser;
and the frequency doubling unit is suitable for enabling the third pump laser to generate frequency doubling to obtain the second pump laser.
Optionally, the pump light generation unit includes:
a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, adapted to generate a first initial pump laser and a third initial pump laser;
the polarization and amplification module is suitable for screening the polarization direction of the first initial pump laser and amplifying the light spot of the first initial pump laser to obtain first pump laser;
and the polarization and reduction module is suitable for screening the polarization direction of the third initial pump laser and reducing the light spot of the third initial pump laser to obtain the third pump laser.
Optionally, the optical parametric generation device comprises:
a first potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal, and signal light and idler frequency light are obtained according to part of the second pump laser and part of the final seed laser;
the first dichroic mirror is suitable for reflecting the signal light, the idler frequency light and the other part of the final seed laser and transmitting the other part of the second pump light;
the first polarization beam splitting cube is suitable for reflecting idler frequency light and transmitting signal light, wherein the signal light and the other part of final seed laser are collected by the light energy collector;
and the beam combining unit is suitable for combining the idler frequency and the other part of the second pump laser.
Optionally, the multi-stage optical parametric amplification device comprises a first-stage optical parametric amplification unit and a second-stage optical parametric amplification unit;
the first-stage optical parametric amplification unit includes:
the second titanium phosphate oxygen potassium crystal is suitable for amplifying the optical parameters of the idler frequency light by using the other part of second pump laser to obtain first mixed laser comprising first-stage amplified laser, the wavelength of the first-stage amplified laser is the same as that of the final seed laser, and the first-stage amplified laser is horizontal polarization laser;
the first filtering module is suitable for filtering the first mixed laser to obtain first-stage amplified laser;
the light spot increasing module is suitable for amplifying the light spot of the first-stage amplified laser and coupling the first-stage amplified laser after the light spot is amplified with the first pump laser; the size of the first-stage amplified laser after spot amplification is the same as that of the first pump laser;
the secondary optical parametric amplification unit includes:
the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is suitable for amplifying the optical parameters of the first-stage amplified laser after the light spot is amplified by using the first pumping laser to obtain a second mixed laser comprising a laser light source for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar;
and the second filtering module is suitable for filtering the second mixed laser to obtain the laser light source with the wavelength range of 1082-1084nm and suitable for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar.
Optionally, the seed light generating device comprises:
the semiconductor laser is suitable for generating initial seed laser, and the initial seed laser is continuous laser with the wavelength range of 1082-1084 nm;
and the polarization unit is suitable for screening the polarization direction of the initial seed laser to obtain the final seed laser.
Optionally, the laser light source system further includes:
and a control device adapted to control the optical parameter generation device and the multistage optical parameter amplification device.
Optionally, the size of the first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is 12mm x 10mm x 30mm, wherein two surfaces of 12mm x 10mm are light passing surfaces, the light passing surfaces of the first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal are both plated with a broadband antireflection film, the main shaft plane of the first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is a horizontal plane, the cutting angles are 90 degrees and 10.3 degrees, and the type ii phase matching is adopted.
Optionally, the size of the second titanium potassium oxide phosphate crystal is 12mm x 10mm x 30mm, wherein two surfaces of 12mm x 10mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces of the second titanium potassium oxide phosphate crystal are both plated with a broadband antireflection film, the main shaft plane of the second titanium potassium oxide phosphate crystal is a horizontal plane, the cutting angle is 90 degrees and 10.3 degrees, and the type ii phase matching is adopted;
the size of the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is 18mm 15mm, wherein two surfaces of 18mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces of the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal are both plated with a wide-band antireflection film, the main shaft plane of the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is a horizontal plane, the cutting angle is 90 degrees and 10.3 degrees, and the II-type phase matching is adopted.
The method comprises the steps that a first pump laser and a second pump laser which have the wavelength larger than that of a final seed laser are generated by a pump laser source device, the second pump laser and the final seed laser are coupled to obtain a coupled laser, one part of the coupled laser generates signal light and idler frequency light through an optical parameter generating device, the phase of the second pump light is equal to the sum of the phase of the idler frequency light and the phase of the signal light, the second pump laser and the first pump laser in the other part of the coupled laser carry out multistage amplification on the intensity of the idler frequency light in the other part of the coupled laser through a multistage optical parameter amplifying device, and finally the laser source for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a laser light source system suitable for a helium resonant fluorescence lidar, according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows a block diagram of a pump laser source device and a multistage optical parametric amplification device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 3 schematically shows a composition diagram of parts of a laser light source system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1-a pump laser source device;
11-a pump light generating unit;
111-Nd YAG laser;
112-polarization and amplification module;
1121-first 532nm high mirror; 1122-a second polarizing beam splitting cube;
1123-second 532nm high mirror; 1124-third 532nm high mirror;
1125-a first plano-concave lens; 1126-a first plano-convex lens;
113-polarization and demagnification modules;
1131 — a third polarizing beam splitting cube; 1132 — a first half-wave plate;
1133 — a fourth polarizing beam splitting cube; 1134 — first 1064nm high mirror;
1135-a second plano-convex lens; 1136 — second plano-concave lens; 1137 — a second half-wave plate; 1138 — second 1064nm high mirror;
12-a frequency doubling unit;
121-a fourth KTP crystal; 122-a third half-wave plate;
123-a fifth polarizing beam splitting cube; 124-a second dichroic mirror;
125-a third plano-convex lens; 126-a third plano-concave lens;
127-fourth 532nm high mirror; 128-a third dichroic mirror;
2-a seed light generating device;
21-a semiconductor laser;
22-a polarizing unit;
221-an optical isolator; 222-a fourth half wave plate; 223-a sixth polarizing beam splitting cube;
224-third 1064nm high mirror;
3-an optical parameter generating device;
31-a first KTP crystal; 32-a first dichroic mirror; 34-a first polarizing beam splitting cube;
38-a light energy collector;
39-beam combining unit;
391-fifth 532nm high mirror; 392-sixth 532nm high mirror;
393-a seventh polarizing beam splitting cube; 394-a fourth dichroic mirror;
4-a multi-stage optical parametric amplification device;
41-a first-level optical parametric amplification unit;
411-second KTP crystal;
412-a first filtering module;
4121-a first long wavelength pass filter;
4122-an eighth polarizing beam splitting cube;
413-a spot enlargement module;
4131-fourth 1064nm high mirror; 4132-fourth plano-concave lens;
4133-fourth plano-convex lens; 4134-fifth 1064nm high mirror;
4135-fifth dichroic mirror;
42-a secondary optical parametric amplification unit;
421-third KTP crystal;
422-a second filtering module;
4221-a second long-wavelength pass filter; 4222-a ninth polarizing beam splitting cube;
5-control device.
Detailed Description
The continuous helium resonance fluorescence laser radar light source aims at overcoming the defects that the power of the existing continuous helium resonance fluorescence laser radar light source is low and filling the vacancy of the high-energy pulse helium resonance fluorescence laser radar light source. The invention provides a high-energy nanosecond pulse tunable laser source based on the second harmonic of a nonlinear crystal, optical parameter generation and optical parameter amplification, which is easy to realize atmospheric monitoring of 200-inch and 1000-km high altitude.
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a block diagram of a laser light source system suitable for a helium resonance fluorescence lidar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a laser light source system suitable for a helium resonance fluorescence lidar includes: a pump laser source device 1, a seed light generating device 2, an optical parameter generating device 3, and a multi-stage optical parameter amplifying device 4.
The pump laser source device 1 is adapted to generate a first pump laser and a second pump laser, which are pulse lasers.
The seed light generating device 2 is suitable for generating the final seed laser, wherein the final seed laser is a single-frequency continuous laser, the wavelength range of the final seed laser is 1082-1084nm, the wavelength of the final seed laser is greater than the wavelengths of the first pump laser and the second pump laser, and the second pump laser and the final seed laser are spatially coupled.
The optical parameter generating device 3 is adapted to obtain the signal light and the idler frequency light according to a portion of the second pump laser and a portion of the final seed laser, where a phase of the second pump light is equal to a sum of a phase of the idler frequency light and a phase of the signal light, and a wavelength of the signal light is the same as a wavelength of the final seed laser.
The multi-stage optical parametric amplification device 4 is suitable for optical parametric amplification based on the first pump laser, the other part of the second pump laser from the optical parametric generation device and the idler frequency light to obtain a laser light source with a wavelength range of 1082-1084nm and suitable for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the laser light source system further includes: and a control device 5 adapted to control the optical parametric generation device 3 and the multistage optical parametric amplification device 4.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the pulse widths of the first pump laser and the second pump laser are the same, and therefore, it is easier to achieve pulse matching of the first pump laser and the second pump laser in time.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first pump laser, the second pump laser and the signal light are polarized in a first direction, and the idler and the final seed laser are polarized in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, for example, the first direction may be a horizontal direction and the second direction may be a vertical direction.
The components of each part of the laser light source system provided in the embodiment of the present invention are described by taking the first pump laser, the second pump laser, the final seed laser, and the signal light as horizontally polarized light (i.e., the polarization direction is the horizontal direction), and the idler frequency light as vertically polarized light (i.e., the polarization direction is the vertical direction).
Fig. 2 schematically shows a block diagram of a pump laser source device and a multistage optical parametric amplification device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a composition diagram of parts of a laser light source system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the pump laser light source device 1 includes: a pump light generation unit 11 and a frequency doubling unit 12.
The pump light generation unit 11 is adapted to generate a first pump laser light and a third pump laser light. Wherein the third pump laser is a pulsed laser. The frequency doubling unit 12 is adapted to frequency-double the third pump light to obtain the second pump laser.
The pump light generation unit 11 includes: a Nd-doped YAG laser (i.e., Nd: YAG laser 111), a polarization and amplification module 112, and a polarization and reduction module 113.
The Nd: YAG laser 111 is adapted to generate a first initial pump light and a third initial pump light. YAG laser 111 is a laser with pulse repetition frequency of 50Hz, pulse width of 6ns and spot diameter of 10mm, and realizes primary frequency multiplication through semiconductor pumping working substance and internal frequency multiplication crystal. The first initial pump light output by the pump laser source device 1 is laser with a wavelength of 532nm, the third initial pump light is laser with a wavelength of 1064nm, and the first initial pump light and the third initial pump light are used as pump sources in a subsequent system nonlinear optical conversion process.
The polarization and amplification unit 112 is configured to screen a polarization direction of the first initial pump light and amplify a spot of the first initial pump light, so as to obtain a first pump laser. The polarization and amplification module 112 includes: the optical module comprises a first 532nm high-reflectivity mirror 1121, a second polarization beam splitting cube 1122, a second 532nm high-reflectivity mirror 1123, a third 532nm high-reflectivity mirror 1124, a first plano-concave lens 1125 and a first plano-convex lens 1126 which are sequentially arranged along an optical path.
The first 532nm high reflection mirror 1121 is used to change the direction of the first initial pump light (i.e., the pump light with the wavelength of 532 nm). The second polarization beam splitter cube 1122 is used to separate the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the above-mentioned 532nm pump light, so as to obtain 532nm horizontally polarized light. The second 532nm high reflection mirror 1123 and the third 532nm high reflection mirror 1124 are provided to change the direction of the horizontally polarized light having the wavelength of 532 nm. The first plano-concave lens 1125 and the first plano-convex lens 1126 are used in cooperation to constitute a galilean telescope system for changing the spot size of horizontally polarized light having a wavelength of 532nm to obtain first pump light where the spot size is enlarged from 10mm to 15mm, and the flat portions of the first plano-concave lens 1125 and the first plano-convex lens 1126 are arranged relatively in parallel and the distance therebetween is the sum of the focal lengths of the first plano-concave lens 1125 and the first plano-convex lens 1126.
The polarization and reduction module 113 is adapted to screen the polarization direction of the third initial pump laser and reduce the light spot of the third initial pump laser to obtain the third pump laser. The polarization and demagnification module 113 includes a third polarization beam splitter cube 1131, a first half wave plate 1132, a fourth polarization beam splitter cube 1133, a first 1064nm high reflector 1134, a second plano-convex lens 1135, a second plano-concave lens 1136, a second half wave plate 1137, and a second 1064nm high reflector 1138, which are sequentially disposed along the optical path.
The polarization beam splitting cube 1131 is used for separating a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component of the third initial pump laser (laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm) output by the Nd: YAG laser 111 to obtain a horizontal polarization light with a wavelength of 1064nm, so as to achieve the purpose of filtering different polarization components of the laser. The first half wave plate 1132 rotates the polarization direction of the horizontally polarized light having the wavelength of 1064 nm. The fourth polarization beam splitting cube 1133 is configured to split horizontal and vertical polarization components of the polarized light output by the first half-wave plate 1132 again, and finally obtain horizontal polarized light with a wavelength of 1064nm, so as to ensure that the polarization direction of the laser light entering the subsequent laser system is single. The first half waveplate 1132 and the fourth polarization beam splitting cube 1133 may achieve the purpose of continuously varying the energy of the second initial pump laser. The first 1064nm high-reflectivity mirror 1134 is used to change the direction of the horizontally polarized light with the wavelength of 1064 nm. The second plano-convex lens 1135 and the second plano-concave lens 1136 are used together to form a galilean telescope system for changing the spot size of the horizontally polarized light with the wavelength of 1064nm, where the spot size is reduced from 10mm to 5 mm. The planar portions of the second plano-convex lens 1135 and the second plano-concave lens 1136 are disposed in parallel with respect to each other and the distance therebetween is the sum of the focal lengths of the second plano-convex lens 1135 and the second plano-concave lens 1136. The second half-wave plate 1137 is used to rotate the polarization direction of horizontally polarized light with a wavelength of 1064nm and a spot size of 5mm, resulting in 45 ° linearly polarized light (with a wavelength of 1064 nm). And the second 1064nm high-reflectivity mirror 1138 is used for changing the direction of the linearly polarized light of 45 degrees to obtain third pumping laser.
The frequency multiplying unit 12 includes: a fourth potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (i.e., a fourth KTP crystal 121), a third half-wave plate 122, a fifth polarization beam splitter cube 123, a second dichroic mirror 124, a third plano-convex lens 125, a third plano-concave lens 126, a fourth 532nm high reflection mirror 127, and a third dichroic mirror 128, which are sequentially disposed along the optical path.
The frequency doubling unit 12 in the embodiment of the present invention is based on the second harmonic effect of nonlinear optics, and performs second frequency doubling on the pump light of the third pump laser (with a wavelength of 1064 nm) in the polarization and reduction module 113.
And the fourth KTP crystal 121 is configured to perform secondary frequency doubling on the third pump laser to obtain 45-degree polarized light with a wavelength of 532 nm. The size of the fourth KTP crystal 121 is 12mm × 7mm, two surfaces of 12mm × 12mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces are both coated with a broadband antireflection film, the main axis plane is an XY plane, the cutting angles are θ =90 degrees and Φ =23.6 degrees, and the class ii phase matching is adopted. The third half-wave plate 122 is used to rotate the linear polarization direction of the laser beam with 532nm wavelength output by the fourth KTP crystal 121. The fifth polarization beam splitter cube 123 is configured to separate a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component of the laser with the wavelength of 532nm to obtain a horizontal polarization light, and the third half-wave plate 122 and the fifth polarization beam splitter cube 123 achieve the purpose of continuously changing the energy of the laser with the wavelength of 532nm and simultaneously meet the requirement of the optical parameter generating device 3 on the horizontal polarization direction of the laser with the wavelength of 532 nm. The second dichroic mirror 124 is used to separate pump light with a wavelength of 1064nm from frequency-doubled 532nm in the fourth KTP crystal 121 by virtue of its reflectivity of more than 95% and transmissivity of more than 95% for laser light with a wavelength of 532nm, and the remaining laser light with a wavelength of 1064nm is collected by an optical energy collector 38. The third plano-convex lens 125 and the third plano-concave lens 126 are used together to form a Galileo telescope system for changing the spot size of the pump light, where the spot size is reduced from 10mm to 5 mm. The plane portions of the third plano-convex lens 125 and the third plano-concave lens 126 are arranged relatively in parallel and the distance therebetween is the sum of the focal lengths of the third plano-convex lens 125 and the third plano-concave lens 126. The fourth 532nm high reflecting mirror 127 is used for changing the direction of the laser with the wavelength of 532nm to obtain second pump laser, the wavelength of the second pump laser is 352nm, and the polarization direction is horizontal polarization. The third dichroic mirror 128 is configured to spatially couple the second pump laser and the final seed laser to obtain coupled laser; the third dichroic mirror 128 has properties of a transmittance of greater than 95% for a laser having a wavelength of 532nm and a reflectance of greater than 99% for a laser having a wavelength of 1064 nm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the seed light generation device 2 includes: a semiconductor laser 21 and a polarizing unit 22.
The semiconductor laser 21 is adapted to generate initial seed laser light, and the semiconductor laser 21 is a (1082) -1084) nm tunable laser. The (1082-1084) nm tunable laser is a butterfly-packaged semiconductor laser with polarization maintaining light, and outputs 100mW single-frequency continuous wavelength (1082-1084) nm seed laser. The initial seed laser is a continuous laser. The polarization unit 22 is adapted to perform screening according to the polarization direction of the initial seed laser to obtain the final seed laser.
The polarization unit 22 includes an optical isolator 221, a fourth half-wave plate 222, a sixth polarization beam splitting cube 223, and a third 1064nm high-reflection mirror 224, which are sequentially disposed along the optical path.
Taking the example where the initial seed laser light output by the semiconductor laser 21 is 1083nm seed laser light, the optical isolator 221 allows light to pass only in one direction based on the magneto-optical effect, and prevents back-reflected light from entering the semiconductor laser 21. The half-wave plate 222 is used for rotating the polarization direction of the 1083nm seed laser line, so as to ensure that the polarization direction of the seed laser with the wavelength of 1083nm is the horizontal polarization direction. The sixth polarization beam splitter cube 223 is used for separating the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the seed laser light with the wavelength of 1083nm, and simultaneously meets the requirement of the multistage optical parametric amplification device 4 on the horizontal polarization direction of the initial seed laser light with the wavelength of 1083nm in phase matching. The third 1064nm high-reflection mirror 224 is used to change the direction of the seed laser with the wavelength of 1083nm to obtain the final seed laser, the final seed laser is horizontal polarized light with the wavelength of 1083nm, and the final seed laser is continuous laser.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical parametric generation device 3 includes: the device comprises a first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (namely a first KTP crystal 31), a first dichroic mirror 32, a first polarization beam splitter cube 34, a light energy collector 38 and a beam combining unit 39.
And the first KTP crystal 31 is configured to obtain the signal light and the idler light according to a part of the second pump laser and a part of the final seed laser. The signal light is horizontal polarized light with the wavelength of 1083nm, the idler frequency light is vertical polarized light with the wavelength of 1045nm, and the idler frequency light is pulse light.
The first dichroic mirror 32 is adapted to reflect the signal light, the idler light, and another portion of the final seed laser light, and to transmit the second pump light in the other portion. The first polarizing beam splitting cube 34 is adapted to reflect idler light and transmit signal light, with the resulting seed laser light in the other portion of the signal light and coupled laser light being collected by the optical energy collector 38.
The first KTP crystal 31 has a size of 12mm × 10mm × 15mm, two surfaces of 12mm × 10mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces are both coated with a broadband antireflection film, the principal axis plane is an XY plane (horizontal plane), the cut angles are θ =90 degrees and Φ =10.3 degrees, and the class ii phase matching is adopted.
The first dichroic mirror 32 has the property that the transmittance of 532nm laser light is more than 95%, and the reflectance of 1064nm laser light is more than 99%.
And a beam combining unit 39 adapted to combine the idler beam and another part of the second pump beam. The beam combining unit 39 comprises a fifth 532nm high reflecting mirror 391, a sixth 532nm high reflecting mirror 392, a seventh polarizing beam splitting cube 393, and a fourth dichroic mirror 394.
The fifth 532nm high reflector 391 and the sixth 532nm high reflector 392 are used to continuously change the direction of the second pump light (wavelength 532 nm) in the other part of the coupled laser light. The seventh polarization beam splitting cube 393 is configured to change a direction of the idler light with the wavelength of 1045nm, and meanwhile, it is ensured that the signal light with the wavelength of 1083nm and the idler light with the wavelength of 1045nm are thoroughly separated. The fourth dichroic mirror 394 is used for spatially coupling the pump light with the wavelength of 532nm and the idler light with the wavelength of 1045nm, and has the properties that the transmittance of the laser light with the wavelength of 532nm is greater than 95%, and the reflectance of the laser light with the wavelength of 1064nm is greater than 99%.
Based on the above design, namely, the first polarization beam splitting cube 34 is used for reflecting the idler frequency light and transmitting the signal light, the seventh polarization beam splitting cube 393 is used for changing the direction of the idler frequency light with the wavelength of 1045nm, and meanwhile, the signal light with the wavelength of 1083nm and the idler frequency light with the wavelength of 1045nm can be completely separated, so that the laser with the downstream high-energy pulse wavelength of 1083nm can not return to the upstream 1083nm seed light generating device 2 against the light path, and the semiconductor laser 21 of the seed light generating device 2 is protected.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multistage optical parametric amplification apparatus 4 includes a primary optical parametric amplification unit (primary OPA unit) 41 and a secondary optical parametric amplification unit (secondary OPA unit) 42. The first-stage optical parametric amplification unit 41 includes: a second potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (i.e. a second KTP crystal 411), a first filtering module 412, and a light spot increasing module 413.
The second KTP crystal 411 is adapted to amplify an optical parameter of the idler frequency light by using another part of the second pump laser light, to obtain a first mixed laser including a first-order amplified laser light, where a wavelength of the first-order amplified laser light is the same as a wavelength of the final seed laser light, and the first-order amplified laser light is a horizontally polarized laser light, that is, the first-order amplified laser light is a horizontally polarized laser light of 1083 nm. And a second KTP crystal 411 having a size of 12mm × 10mm × 15mm, wherein two surfaces of 12mm × 10mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces are both coated with a broadband antireflection film, the principal axis plane is an XY plane, the cut angles are θ =90 degrees and Φ =10.3 degrees, and a type ii phase matching is adopted.
The first filtering module 412 is adapted to filter the first mixed laser light to obtain a first-order amplified laser light. The light spot increasing module 413 is adapted to amplify a light spot of the first-stage amplified laser, and couple the first-stage amplified laser after the light spot is amplified with the first pump laser, where the size of the light spot of the first-stage amplified laser after the light spot is amplified is the same as that of the first pump laser.
The first filtering module 412 includes: a first long-wave pass filter 4121, an eighth polarizing beam splitter cube 4122. The first long-wavelength pass filter 4121 is used to filter the pump light having a residual wavelength of 532 nm. The eighth polarization beam splitting cube 4122 separates the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the laser light output from the second KTP crystal 411, and separates the first-order amplified laser light from the idler light having a wavelength of 1045nm based on the fact that the first-order amplified laser light has a different polarization from the idler light having a wavelength of 1045nm, to obtain first-order amplified laser light.
The spot enlarging module 413 includes: a fourth 1064nm high reflecting mirror 4131, a fourth plano-concave lens 4132, a fourth plano-convex lens 4133, a fifth 1064nm high reflecting mirror 4134, and a fifth dichroic mirror 4135.
The fourth 1064nm high-reflection mirror 4131 is used to change the direction of the first-order amplified laser light (wavelength 1083 nm). The fourth plano-concave lens 4132 is used in cooperation with the fourth plano-convex lens 4133 to constitute a galilean telescope system for changing the spot size of the primary amplified laser light, where the spot size is enlarged from 5mm to 15mm, and the plane portions of the fourth plano-concave lens 4132 and the fourth plano-convex lens 4133 are arranged relatively in parallel and at a distance of the sum of the focal lengths of the fourth plano-concave lens 4132 and the fourth plano-convex lens 4133. A fifth 1064nm high-reflection mirror 4134 is used to change the direction of the first-order amplified laser light. The fifth dichroic mirror 4135 is used to spatially couple the 532nm wavelength first pump laser light from the pump laser source device 1 and the 1083nm wavelength first order amplified laser light from the (first order OPA) device. The fifth dichroic mirror 4135 has properties of having a reflectance of more than 95% for a laser beam having a wavelength of 532nm and a transmittance of more than 95% for a laser beam having a wavelength of 1064 nm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the secondary optical parametric amplification device 42 includes: a third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (i.e., a third KTP crystal 421), and a second filter module 422. The third KTP crystal 421 is adapted to amplify an optical parameter of the first-order amplified laser after the optical spot is amplified by the first pump laser, and obtain a second mixed laser including a laser light source for the helium resonance fluorescence lidar. The size of the third KTP crystal 421 is 18 × 15mm, two surfaces of 18 × 18mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces are both coated with broadband antireflection films, the main axis planes are both XY surfaces, the cutting angles are θ =90 degrees and Φ =10.3 degrees, and the type ii phase matching is adopted.
The second filtering module 422 is adapted to filter the second mixed laser to obtain a laser light source for the helium resonance fluorescence lidar.
The second filtering module 422 includes: a second long-wave pass filter 4221 and a ninth polarizing beam splitter cube 4222. The second long-wave pass filter 4221 serves to filter the pump light having a residual wavelength of 532 nm. The ninth polarization beam splitting cube 4222 separates the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the laser light output from the third KTP crystal 421, and separates the laser light source for the helium resonance fluorescence lidar (with a wavelength of 1083nm) from the idler light with a wavelength of 1045nm based on the difference in polarization of the laser light source for the helium resonance fluorescence lidar (with a wavelength of 1045 nm) output from the third KTP crystal 421.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the laser light source system further includes: the control device 5 is adapted to control the optical parametric generation device 3 and the multistage optical parametric amplification device 4. The control device 5 is used for monitoring the temperatures of the first KTP crystal 31, the second KTP crystal 411, the third KTP crystal 421 and the fourth KTP crystal 121 in real time, and ensuring that each KTP crystal is in the optimal working state. Meanwhile, the precise electric rotary displacement table in the control device 5 is controlled to rotate based on computer Kinesis software, so that the real-time online positioning of the wavelength is realized.
According to the embodiment of the invention, on the premise of ensuring that the power density of the pump laser is not greater than the damage threshold of the nonlinear optical crystal and each optical element, the power density of the pump laser is improved as much as possible, and the energy conversion efficiency of nonlinear optical conversion is improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, under the condition of ensuring that the power density of the pump laser is not obviously reduced, the spot size of the pump light is regulated and controlled to obtain a large spot diameter, namely the spot size is increased from 10mm to 15mm, so that the single-pulse pump energy and the output pulse energy are improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, on the premise of ensuring that reverse nonlinear optical conversion (namely, reverse sum frequency conversion of signal light and idler light into pump light) does not occur, the large-size (optical path length) nonlinear optical crystal is adopted, so that the optical energy gain in the nonlinear optical conversion process is improved, and the spectral line width of output laser is compressed. Under the condition of ensuring that the laser power density is not obviously reduced, the nonlinear optical crystal with a large cross section area is adopted, and the upper limit of the diameter of a pumping light spot is increased, so that the single-pulse pumping energy and the output pulse energy are increased.
Potassium titanyl phosphate crystals (KTiOPO) according to an embodiment of the present invention4KTP) has a phenomenon in which the nonlinear coefficient decreases, and this adverse effect can be eliminated by heating. Therefore, the temperature of the KTP crystal is controlled at 80 ℃ by the control device 5, the KTP is ensured to be in the best working state, and the energy conversion efficiency of nonlinear optical conversion is effectively improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, based on that the signal light in the system is the horizontal linear polarized light with the wavelength of 1083nm, the first polarization beam splitting cube 34, the light energy collector 38 and the seventh polarization beam splitting cube 393 can ensure that the horizontal laser of 1083nm of the downstream high-energy pulses cannot return to the seed light generating device 2 against the light path, and ensure that the whole set of equipment runs stably for a long time.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sky background noise and the detector dark current noise in the pulse light laser radar are lower than those of the continuous light laser radar, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse light laser radar in winter and summer is about one order of magnitude higher than that of the continuous light laser radar. However, no commercialized high-energy nanosecond pulse 1083nm laser light source exists, and the invention provides the high-energy nanosecond pulse 1083nm laser light source through gradual amplification.
Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention adopts a 532nm laser pump KTP nonlinear crystal, and utilizes a 1064nm single-pulse energy 250mJ pump laser and a 7mm pump laser spot diameter to obtain a 532nm single-pulse energy 120mJ output laser in a frequency doubling unit 12, wherein the total energy conversion efficiency is up to 48%. In the optical parameter generating device 3, a laser with a pulse wavelength of 1045nm is obtained by using a single-pulse energy of 90mJ laser with a wavelength of 532nm, a power of 98mw laser with a wavelength of 1083nm and a pumping laser spot diameter of 5mm, the laser with the wavelength of 1045nm passes through a primary optical parameter amplifying unit 41 to obtain an output laser with a single-pulse energy of 1083nm reaching 9.7mJ, and the total energy conversion efficiency of the obtained output laser reaches 10.3%. The secondary optical parametric amplification unit 42 utilizes the single-pulse energy 400mJ with the wavelength of 532nm, the single-pulse energy 9mJ laser with the wavelength of 1083nm and the pumping laser spot diameter of 15mm to obtain the output laser with the single-pulse energy of 1083nm reaching 150mJ, and the total energy conversion efficiency reaches 37.5 percent.
The above embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A laser light source system suitable for use in a helium resonance fluorescence lidar comprising:
the laser device comprises a pump laser source device and a laser processing device, wherein the pump laser source device is suitable for generating first pump laser and second pump laser, and the first pump laser and the second pump laser are pulse lasers;
a seed light generating device, adapted to generate a final seed laser, where the final seed laser is a single-frequency continuous laser, a wavelength range of the final seed laser is 1082-1084nm, a wavelength of the final seed laser is greater than a wavelength of the first pump laser and a wavelength of the second pump laser, and the second pump laser and the final seed laser are spatially coupled;
an optical parameter generating device, adapted to obtain a signal light and an idler frequency light according to a portion of the second pump laser and a portion of the final seed laser, where a phase of the second pump laser is equal to a sum of a phase of the idler frequency light and a phase of the signal light, and a wavelength of the signal light is the same as a wavelength of the final seed laser;
the multi-stage optical parametric amplification device is suitable for performing optical parametric amplification on the basis of the first pump laser, the second pump laser from the other part of the optical parametric generation device and the idler frequency light to obtain a laser light source which has a wavelength range of 1082-1084nm and is suitable for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar.
2. The laser light source system of claim 1, wherein the pulse widths of the first and second pump lasers are the same;
the first pump laser, the second pump laser, the final seed laser, and the signal light are polarized in a first direction, and the idler light is polarized in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
3. The laser light source system according to claim 2, wherein the pump laser light source device comprises:
the pumping light generation unit is suitable for generating the first pumping laser and a third pumping laser, wherein the third pumping laser is pulse laser;
and the frequency doubling unit is suitable for enabling the third pump laser to generate frequency doubling to obtain the second pump laser.
4. The laser light source system according to claim 3, wherein the pump light generation unit includes:
a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, adapted to generate a first initial pump laser and a third initial pump laser;
the polarization and amplification module is suitable for screening the polarization direction of the first initial pump laser and amplifying the light spot of the first initial pump laser to obtain the first pump laser;
and the polarization and reduction module is suitable for screening the polarization direction of the third initial pump laser and reducing the light spot of the third initial pump laser to obtain the third pump laser.
5. The laser light source system according to claim 2, wherein the optical parametric generation device includes:
a first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, the signal light and the idler frequency light being obtained according to a part of the second pump laser and a part of the final seed laser;
a first dichroic mirror adapted to reflect the signal light, the idler light, and another portion of the final seed laser light, and to transmit another portion of the second pump light;
a first polarizing beam splitting cube adapted to reflect the idler and transmit the signal light, wherein the signal light and another portion of the final seed laser light are collected by an optical energy collector;
and the beam combining unit is suitable for combining the idler and another part of the second pump laser.
6. The laser light source system according to claim 2, wherein the multistage optical parametric amplification device comprises a primary optical parametric amplification unit and a secondary optical parametric amplification unit;
the first-stage optical parametric amplification unit includes:
a second titanium phosphate oxygen potassium crystal adapted to amplify an optical parameter of the idler frequency light by using another part of the second pump laser to obtain a first mixed laser including a first-stage amplified laser, the wavelength of the first-stage amplified laser being the same as that of the final seed laser, the first-stage amplified laser being a horizontally polarized laser;
the first filtering module is suitable for filtering the first mixed laser to obtain the first-stage amplified laser;
the light spot increasing module is suitable for amplifying the light spot of the primary amplified laser and coupling the primary amplified laser after the light spot is amplified with the first pump laser; the first-stage amplified laser after the light spot amplification has the same light spot size as the first pump laser;
the secondary optical parametric amplification unit includes:
the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is suitable for amplifying the optical parameters of the first-stage amplified laser after the light spot is amplified by using the first pumping laser to obtain a second mixed laser comprising the laser light source for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar;
and the second filtering module is suitable for filtering the second mixed laser to obtain the laser light source which has the wavelength range of 1082-1084nm and is suitable for the helium resonance fluorescence laser radar.
7. The laser light source system of claim 2, wherein the seed light generating device comprises:
the semiconductor laser is suitable for generating initial seed laser, and the initial seed laser is continuous laser with the wavelength range of 1082-1084 nm;
and the polarization unit is suitable for screening the polarization direction of the initial seed laser to obtain the final seed laser.
8. The laser light source system of claim 1, further comprising:
and the control device is suitable for controlling the optical parametric generation device and the multistage optical parametric amplification device.
9. The laser light source system according to claim 5,
the size of the first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is 12mm x 10mm x 30mm, wherein two surfaces of 12mm x 10mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces of the first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal are plated with wide-band antireflection films, the main shaft plane of the first potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is a horizontal plane, the cutting angle is 90 degrees and 10.3 degrees, and the type II phase matching is adopted.
10. The laser light source system according to claim 6, wherein the second titanium potassium oxide phosphate crystal has a size of 12mm x 10mm x 30mm, wherein two surfaces of 12mm x 10mm are light-passing surfaces, the light-passing surfaces of the second titanium potassium oxide phosphate crystal are both coated with a wide-band antireflection film, the main axis plane of the second titanium potassium oxide phosphate crystal is a horizontal plane, and the cutting angles are 90 degrees and 10.3 degrees, and the type II phase matching is adopted;
the size of the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is 18mm x 15mm, wherein two surfaces of 18mm x 18mm are light passing surfaces, the light passing surfaces of the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal are plated with wide-band antireflection films, the main shaft plane of the third potassium titanyl phosphate crystal is a horizontal plane, the cutting angle is 90 degrees and 10.3 degrees, and the type II phase matching is adopted.
CN202210663928.2A 2022-06-14 2022-06-14 Laser light source system suitable for helium resonance fluorescence laser radar Active CN114744478B (en)

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