CN1147437A - Method and apparatus for cladding slide way of machine tool by welding - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for cladding slide way of machine tool by welding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1147437A CN1147437A CN96111812A CN96111812A CN1147437A CN 1147437 A CN1147437 A CN 1147437A CN 96111812 A CN96111812 A CN 96111812A CN 96111812 A CN96111812 A CN 96111812A CN 1147437 A CN1147437 A CN 1147437A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- sliding surface
- plasma arc
- copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
- F16C2223/46—Coating surfaces by welding, e.g. by using a laser to build a layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
- F16C2223/80—Coating surfaces by powder coating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The method of a sliding surface of a machine tool guide structure and the machine toll guide structure is characterized in that a copper alloy powder in which the copper is the main component is sent into a plasma arc sealed through an insert gas, and the transfer plasma arc welding is implemented on a surface of a bearing body and composed of iron series materials. Thus the surfacing welding processing is implemented for the sliding surface material of the bearing elements. Therefore, the invention has the advantages that the surfacing welding processing can be proceeded in a non-binding manner to be in the formation of a sliding surface, which is particularly suitable for the automated processing and contribute to the cost reduction.
Description
The present invention relates to carry out the overlaying method and the described guide frame of lathe guide frame sliding surface that built-up welding is processed to form the guiding sliding surface of guide parts such as machine tool chief axis, workbench with the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW).
In lathe, in order to support the workbench that carries out sliding motion, the loading of main shaft,, the frictional resistance that produces for direction of relative movement is reduced as far as possible and hydrostatic profile or dynamic pressure type bearing are set simultaneously in order to lead.Particularly more employing can be brought into play the hydrostatic profile bearing of good characteristic on kinematic accuracy in requiring high-precision precision machine tool.
Aftermentioned Fig. 5 represents traditional hydrostatic bearing liner (パ ッ De).In lathe, this conduct is for carrying out the hydrostatic bearing that straight-line guidance adopts to workbench isoline sliding motion.On spigot surface, form groove 2, by throttling supplying lubricating oil in this groove 2.With being positioned at around the groove 2 and the static pressure supporting moving body 4 of the lubricating oil of the bearing clearance of 4 of moving bodys.
Usually, in this type of hydrostatic bearing of design, still be that sliding properties is selected different spigot surface materials according to paying attention to rigidity.Focusing on the occasion of rigidity, big multiselect ferrous material in the time of on laying stress on sliding properties, is promptly selected the copper based material.In general, because when selecting for use single copper based material to be bearing material, the rigidity of mother metal is lower usually, and having deflection is the problem of the twice of ferrous material, therefore, the normal worked copper sheet alloy that adopts forms sliding surface, this sheet material is attached to the mode on the mother metal of ferrous material.
In addition, for remedying the shortcoming of bearing material, also have by the mother metal surface being carried out built-up welding and process and form spigot surface.In the past, carried out this kind built-up welding processed and applied TIG welding, MIG welding.
In addition, for the dynamic pressure type bearing, the spigot surface mode that in the past was the face contact is as the best sliding surface.But from performance and consideration in price, the more inexpensive trade mark of general employing is the synthetic resin system slide-and-guide face of Ta Jiayituo (Turcite).
Yet transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) recently just is being applied to built-up welding processing.This transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) is thrown in alloy powder exactly in the plasma-arc that takes place between machined object (mother metal) and tungsten electrode, be deposited over the lip-deep solder technology of machined object after making its fusing, often be applied to wear resistance is had in the surface overlaying processing etc. of member of special requirement.As conventional art in this respect, for example can be set forth in Japanese patent of invention and disclose the content of being put down in writing on 1980 No. 5126 communique.
In view of the above by in by the iron and steel mother metal that got up with inert gas seal and the electric arc that do not take place between sacrificial electrode, supplying with the alloyed copper mixture of powders, carrying out built-up welding can be processed into and have very high hardness on iron and steel mother metal surface, and the surperficial hardening built-up welding layer of crackle does not take place, and can not make soldered mother metal produce bigger fusing.
In hydrostatic bearing, in the occasion that the sheet material with above-mentioned copper based material attaches, this sheet material is generally the expensive material of price far above steel.And, the sheet material of copper based material, if from considering as the necessary function of sliding surface, just enough for only needing the number millimeters thick, but mostly must use the material of tens of millimeters thick to be processed to form, thereby cost height, and, in the occasion that forms hydrostatic bearing with the attaching mode, owing to can not reach compact on the structure, rigidity can not improve, and this becomes the main cause that obstruction reaches high precision int.
In addition, shown in Figure 6 as described later, produce the occasion that built-up welding 6 forms sliding surface on the mother metal 5 using built-up welding processing according to TIG, MIG welding to make, maximum shortcoming is, the fusant 7 of crossing from mother metal in the resurfacing welding material reaches 30% degree approximately, separate out on its surface from sliding surface, becomes the reason of biting.In addition, firmly deposited at welding interface because of existing bubble 8, impurity that overlay cladding 6 and mother metal 5 are difficult to.
Can enumerate as lathe with hydrostatic bearing one of the performance that must have be that heating is few.To this, the sheet material that is made of the copper based material is being attached in the hydrostatic bearing of mode, the heat that takes place when because of sliding speed static pressure oil being cut off is easily to body one side transmission, in addition, and the different main causes that become thermal walking of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion between sheet material and body.In case produce this thermal walking, with encouraging the distortion in static pressure gap, produce problems such as low on fuel, simultaneously, the heat that also produces oil worsens, and timeliness changes.Have again, considered the sheet material processing of thermal walking, depended on experience in the past mostly, in addition, carrying out aspect the sheet material attaching, when using epoxy resin to fit, and when needing the processing type annular groove, need more assembling procedure as adhesives.
In addition, in hydrodynamic bearing, on its guidance mode, adopt the occasion of Ta Jiayituo slide-and-guide face, on the raising rigidity, have problems.In addition, in the hydrodynamic bearing of face contact guidance mode, at the another side that can obtain good sliding surface, existence makes it become the problem of expensive product because of processing, bonding difficulty.
Therefore, the present invention is just for solving problem in the above-mentioned conventional art, purpose be to provide with traditional employing sheet material attach mode, the built-up welding processing result is compared, on the intensity, have the lathe guide frame of good static pressure sliding surface on the sliding properties.
In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide processing to bring into play the lathe guide frame of premium properties with the dynamic pressure sliding surface of lathe as precision.
In addition, another purpose of the present invention is to provide and can forms the few good sliding surface of penetration point of mother metal, and be suitable for automation by amorphism constraint carrying out built-up welding processing, helps the sliding surface built-up welding processing method that reduces cost.
For achieving the above object, the characteristics of the built-up welding processing method of lathe guide frame sliding surface of the present invention are, by the limit copper alloy powder that with copper is the main body composition is sent in the plasma arc of being sealed by inert gas the limit and on the mother metal surface of forming by ferrous material of bearing body, implement the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW), the sliding surface material as the bearing key element is carried out built-up welding process.
In addition, according to lathe guide frame of the present invention, it leads along moving of the direction of motion to the moving body that carries out relative sliding motion, possesses following hydrostatic bearing key element, promptly, this hydrostatic bearing key element has by the limit to be sent into the copper alloy powder that with copper is the main body composition in the plasma arc that got up by inert gas seal, and the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) is carried out in the limit on the mother metal surface of being made up of ferrous material of bearing body, thereby described sliding surface is processed in built-up welding.
In addition, according to lathe guide frame of the present invention, it leads along moving of the direction of motion to the moving body that carries out relative sliding motion, possesses hydrodynamic bearing key element as described below, promptly, this hydrodynamic bearing key element have by the limit with copper not the copper alloy powder of main body composition send in the plasma arc that got up with inert gas seal, the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) is carried out in the limit on the mother metal surface that the ferrous material of bearing main body is formed, thus described sliding surface is processed in built-up welding.
Simple declaration to accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is the key diagram to the sliding surface built-up welding welding method of one embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2 is the key diagram that the present invention is applicable to hydrostatic bearing liner embodiment,
Fig. 3 is the key diagram that the present invention is applicable to cutter spindle dynamic pressure sliding surface embodiment,
Fig. 4 is the key diagram of applicable grinding wheel spindle one example of the present invention of expression,
Fig. 5 is the key diagram to traditional hydrostatic bearing gasket construction,
Fig. 6 is the key diagram that is illustrated in the mother metal fusion penetration on the sliding surface that traditional mother metal built-up welding is welded into,
Fig. 7 is the microphoto of expression hydrostatic bearing boss weld zone metallographic structure, and Fig. 7 (a) is for implementing hydrostatic bearing liner of the present invention, and Fig. 7 (b) is the built-up welding example that tradition adopts the MIG welding.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing one embodiment of the invention is described.
The figure that Fig. 1 adopts transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) carrying out built-up welding to process for expression along with copper alloy powder 10 is supplied with to plasma-arc 11, carries out built-up welding to the surface of mother metal 12.
Among the figure, 13 is tungsten electrode, and 14 for electricity source for dc arc welding connects into, and mother metal 12 is an anode, and tungsten electrode 13 is a negative electrode.15 is the sealing gas nozzle, ejection as the argon of inert gas in order to cover plasma-arc.Hold between the inner core 17 of tungsten electrode 13 and the urceolus 18 and be the feed path of copper alloy powder 10.Therefore, if produce plasma arc 11 at mother metal 12 and 13 of tungsten electrodes, and supply with copper alloy powder 10, the i.e. fusion in electric arc of copper alloy powder 10 is in the surperficial enterprising windrow weldering of mother metal 12.
Fig. 2 represents with the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) hydrostatic bearing gasket material to be carried out built-up welding processing and the embodiment of formation.
In addition, as copper material use JISG 3101 SS400 of mother metal, copper alloy powder uses with copper and is main body, is 60-200 number copper alloy powder by the particle diameter shown in 1 of tabulating down.
The composition of copper alloy powder (weight %)
| ????P | ????Sn | ????Zn | ????Cu |
| ??0.2-0.4 | ??7.0-9.0 | ??2.0-4.0 | ????Bal |
Using transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) occasion, owing to only liner boss portion 20 is carried out built-up welding, cause in view of the above in central authorities and form concave part 21, this compares with the mode of traditional multiple pasting board material, because of the necessary material of built-up welding that only is used in the sliding surface in the Min. scope just, thereby can save material.
In addition, using transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW) occasion, owing to can make the free degree of the copper alloy combination that has high-intensity copper material and have good sliding surface characteristic become big, thereby can obtain to utilize simultaneously the good static pressure sliding surface of two kinds of material behaviors.
In addition, Fig. 7 is the microphoto of expression hydrostatic bearing gasket material in the 200 x magnifications shooting of the metallographic structure of welding interface.Wherein, hydrostatic bearing gasket material of the present invention is implemented in Fig. 7 (a) expression, Fig. 7 (b) represents with the welding interface after traditional MIG welding carrying out built-up welding, to compare with above-mentioned, if relatively these photos can be found out, the mother metal that adopts the present invention to form is superfused less than the superfusion of adopting traditional MIG welding or TIG welding carrying out built-up welding to form, in addition, because of the pore that exists at welding interface, impurity is few, face with densification is firmly deposited, so the problem that the overlay cladding of generation is peeled off is solved.
And, compare with traditional attaching mode, owing to form easily thin overlay cladding, thereby when can make the hydrostatic bearing compact conformation, and can obtain high precision int, high decay property.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the boring machine that the boring axle is set in the cutter spindle 22 movably, forms the embodiment of the guiding dynamic pressure sliding surface 23 of boring axle with the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW).
In this occasion, if adopt the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW), because of carrying out built-up welding processing in the axis hole that weldering wheel 24 levels can be inserted cutter spindle 22, thus can carry out longitudinally unfettered, the built-up welding processing that the free degree is high.In addition, adopt the transfer type plasma arc welding, can make processing cost cheap as the face contact-making surface dynamic pressure sliding surface.
More than, be described for each example of the present invention, yet what the present invention can be applicable to various lathes has static pressure sliding surface, a guiding guide frame of dynamic pressure sliding surface.For example, can effectively be applicable to the static pressure sliding surface 26 of grinder wheel axle 25 as shown in Figure 4 too.
By above explanation as can be known, according to the present invention,, can on the mother metal of densification, form firm welding interface and do not peel off problem by adopting the transfer type plasma arc welding (PAW).In addition, can be formed on the high sliding surface of rigidity that sliding surface does not have bubble and impurity.In addition, because can form thin overlay cladding can be with the minimal material of necessity directly in the enterprising windrow weldering of mother metal, thereby material is not wasted, and because of processing on constraints few, can carry out the big welding of the free degree, thereby be applicable to automation processing, and can realize reducing the processing cost of lathe sliding surface material.
In addition, according to the present invention, because the built-up welding mode is the welding of low temperature shift formula plasma, so the superfusion that can form to mother metal is zero good sliding surface.And the sliding surface that forms with built-up welding on as the copper material of mother metal can be brought into play the characteristics of copper alloy, makes the distortion of generation few, strength-enhanced.
In addition,, can make the dynamic pressure sliding surface become the low-cost face contact spigot surface that forms, dynamic stiffiness is improved according to the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. lathe guide frame sliding surface overlaying method, it is characterized in that, by the limit copper alloy powder that with copper is the main body constituent is sent into by in the plasma arc of inert gas seal, the transfer type plasma arc welding is implemented on the limit on the mother metal surface of being made up of ferrous material of bearing body, the sliding surface material as the bearing key element is carried out built-up welding processing.
2. be used for leading for the lathe guide frame of implementing the described method of claim 1 to the moving body that carries out relative sliding motion along moving of the direction of motion, it is characterized in that possessing hydrostatic bearing key element as described below, promptly, this hydrostatic bearing key element has by one side to be sent into the copper alloy powder that with copper is the main body constituent by in the plasma arc of inert gas seal, one side is implemented the transfer type plasma arc welding on the mother metal surface of being made of ferrous material of bearing body, thus the sliding surface that built-up welding is processed into.
3. for implementing the lathe guide frame of the described method of claim 1, to leading of the moving body that carries out relative sliding motion along moving of the direction of motion, it is characterized in that possessing hydrodynamic bearing key element as described below, be exactly, this hydrodynamic bearing key element has by one side to be sent into the copper alloy powder that with copper is the main body composition by in the plasma-arc of inert gas seal, one side is implemented the transfer type plasma arc welding on the mother metal surface of being made of ferrous material of bearing body, thus the sliding surface that built-up welding is processed into.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP222615/95 | 1995-08-08 | ||
| JP7222615A JPH0947879A (en) | 1995-08-08 | 1995-08-08 | Cladding by welding method for sliding face of guide structure in machine tool and guide structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1147437A true CN1147437A (en) | 1997-04-16 |
Family
ID=16785239
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96111812A Pending CN1147437A (en) | 1995-08-08 | 1996-08-08 | Method and apparatus for cladding slide way of machine tool by welding |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0947879A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970009960A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1147437A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109570915A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江富春江水电设备有限公司 | The bearing processing method of the processing unit (plant) and application of large-scale the hydrostatic bearing device |
| CN110332260A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-15 | 湖北康晨安宝矿业设备有限责任公司 | A kind of preceding bridge row stays a detent |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT521071B1 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-12-15 | Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh | Wind turbine transmission and method for producing a wind turbine transmission |
| CN114012209A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-08 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Surfacing method for main frame of driving and anchoring all-in-one machine |
-
1995
- 1995-08-08 JP JP7222615A patent/JPH0947879A/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-08-07 KR KR1019960032840A patent/KR970009960A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-08-08 CN CN96111812A patent/CN1147437A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109570915A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江富春江水电设备有限公司 | The bearing processing method of the processing unit (plant) and application of large-scale the hydrostatic bearing device |
| CN109570915B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-01-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Machining device for large hydrostatic bearing and bearing machining method using machining device |
| CN110332260A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-15 | 湖北康晨安宝矿业设备有限责任公司 | A kind of preceding bridge row stays a detent |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR970009960A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
| JPH0947879A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
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