CN114742690A - Multi-view color image watermarking processing method and system based on sixteen-element moment - Google Patents

Multi-view color image watermarking processing method and system based on sixteen-element moment Download PDF

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CN114742690A
CN114742690A CN202210444441.5A CN202210444441A CN114742690A CN 114742690 A CN114742690 A CN 114742690A CN 202210444441 A CN202210444441 A CN 202210444441A CN 114742690 A CN114742690 A CN 114742690A
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color image
image
view color
watermark
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王春鹏
张清华
夏之秋
马宾
张强
李琦
李健
王晓雨
韩冰
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Qilu University of Technology
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • G06F21/16—Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0065—Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection

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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-view color image watermarking processing method and system based on a sixteen-element moment, which are used for acquiring an original multi-view color image and an original watermark image to be processed, processing the original multi-view color image to obtain an accurate sixteen-element moment value, embedding the original watermark image into the sixteen-element moment value, reconstructing to obtain a watermark-containing sixteen-element moment image, and performing difference combination processing on the original multi-view color image, the sixteen-element moment value and the watermark-containing sixteen-element moment image to obtain the watermark-containing multi-view color image; the method has strong stability and image reconstruction performance based on the sixteen element moment, effectively realizes the embedding and extraction of the multi-view color image watermark, and has good robustness and imperceptibility in protecting the copyright of the multi-view color image.

Description

Multi-view color image watermarking processing method and system based on sixteen-element moment
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of digital watermarking, and particularly relates to a multi-view color image watermarking processing method based on a sixteen element moment.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the continuous development of the internet, the data opening and sharing become increasingly popular, which makes the infringement problem more and more serious. How to guarantee the safety of digital resources in storage and transmission becomes a problem of wide social attention. For copyright protection of digital images, encryption and signature techniques have been widely adopted, but neither technique solves the problems of illegal copying, tampering and re-propagation of decrypted images. The birth of the digital watermark makes the copyright protection problem of the image change, and quickly becomes a hotspot of research in the field of image copyright protection.
Current research on digital image watermarking has progressed from grayscale images to color images. In recent years, stereoscopic image watermarking techniques have also been rapidly developed. However, there is still no mature solution for the research of multi-view color image watermarking technology. The multi-view color image is an image shot by a single camera moving or multiple cameras arranged at certain positions according to parallax requirements to form a camera array, and is widely applied to scene reconstruction and depth estimation. The research in the related field of multi-view color images is very extensive, but there is no effective copyright protection strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-view color image watermark processing method and system based on the sixteen element moment, the sixteen element moment theory is applied to the embedding and extracting process of the multi-view color image watermark, all color components of all views of the multi-view color image are processed simultaneously by utilizing the imaginary part of the sixteen element number, and meanwhile, the association among all the components is ensured, and the method and system have good robustness and imperceptibility in the aspect of protecting the copyright of the multi-view color image.
To achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a multi-view color image watermarking processing method based on sixteen element moment;
a multi-view color image watermarking processing method based on sixteen element moment comprises the following steps:
acquiring an original multi-view color image and an original watermark image to be processed;
processing the original multi-view color image to obtain an accurate sixteen-element moment value;
embedding the original watermark image into the sixteen-element moment value, and reconstructing to obtain a watermark-containing sixteen-element moment image;
and carrying out difference value combination processing on the original multi-view color image, the sixteen-element moment value and the water mark-containing sixteen-element moment image to obtain the water mark-containing multi-view color image.
Further, the method for obtaining the accurate sixteen-element moment value comprises the following steps:
calculating a sixteen-element moment value of the original multi-view color image;
and eliminating the inaccurate sixteen-element moment value to obtain the accurate sixteen-element moment value.
Further, a key is used for randomly selecting the sixteen-element moment values from the accurate sixteen-element moment values to construct an amplitude sequence, and a quantization method is used for embedding the watermark image into the amplitude sequence.
Further, the difference value combining process is to perform difference on the original multi-view color image and the sixteen element moment value to obtain a difference value image, and combine the difference value image and the water mark-containing sixteen element moment image to obtain the water mark-containing multi-view color image.
Further, the sixteen element moment adopts a sixteen element moment constructed based on a sixteen element theory and a circular harmonic-Fourier moment.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: extracting a watermark image from the water-containing printing multi-view color image, wherein the specific extraction process comprises the following steps:
preprocessing the multi-view color image containing the watermark into a square multi-view color image;
calculating a sixteen-element moment value of the multi-view color image;
and extracting a watermark image from a magnitude sequence constructed by the sixteen-element moment values.
Furthermore, the similarity between the original watermark image and the extracted watermark image is measured by using the positive code rate, and the copyright ownership of the image is verified.
The invention provides a sixteen-element-moment-based multi-view color image watermarking processing system.
A multi-view color image watermarking processing system based on sixteen element moments comprises:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring a multi-view color image and a watermark image to be processed;
a sixteen-element moment processing module configured to: processing the multi-view color image to obtain an accurate sixteen-element moment value;
a watermark embedding module configured to: embedding the watermark image into the sixteen-element moment value, and reconstructing to obtain a watermark-containing sixteen-element moment image;
a difference combining module configured to: and performing difference value combination processing on the multi-view color image, the sixteen-element moment value and the water mark-containing sixteen-element moment image to obtain the water mark-containing multi-view color image.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the sixteen element moment based multi-view color image watermarking method according to the first aspect of the present invention.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method for processing a multi-view color image watermark based on a sixteen element moment according to the first aspect of the present invention when executing the program.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, a sixteen-element moment theory is applied to the embedding and extracting process of the multi-view color image watermark, and the sixteen-element moment has strong stability and image reconstruction performance and can extract high-quality image features; the watermark information is embedded into the sixteen-element matrix of the multi-view color image, and the robustness and the imperceptibility are good. When copyright ownership of the multi-view color image needs to be verified, watermark information is extracted by calculating the sixteen-element moment of the multi-view color image, and copyright protection of the multi-view color image is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a second embodiment.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Interpretation of terms:
circular harmonic-Fourier moments (RHFMs).
Sixteen-element circular harmonics-Fourier moments (SRHFMs).
In calculating the circular harmonic-Fourier moments (RHFMs), it is necessary to convert the image defined in the rectangular coordinate system into polar form. For an image f (r, θ) converted to polar form, its RHFMs is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0003615952910000041
wherein P isnmFor RHFMs, N (N ∈ N) is the order, m (m ∈ Z) is the degree of repetition, exp (-jm θ) is the conjugate of the azimuthal Fourier factor exp (jm θ), Rn(r) is the radial basis function:
Figure BDA0003615952910000051
Rn(r) is orthogonal in the range of 0. ltoreq. r.ltoreq.1, and the orthogonality relation thereof can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003615952910000052
wherein deltanoIs the kronecker function.
The basis functions of RHFMs are defined as:
Bnm(r,θ)＝Rn(r)exp(jmθ) (4)
the orthogonality of the radial basis functions and the nature of the conjugate of the azimuthal Fourier factor exp (jm θ) can be deduced, the basis function Bnm(r, θ) is orthogonal within the unit circle, and its orthogonality relationship can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003615952910000053
wherein
Figure BDA0003615952910000054
Is BolAnd (r, theta) conjugation, wherein r is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, theta is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2 pi, and 2 pi is a normalization factor.
Since the basis functions of the RHFMs have orthogonality, the original image f (r, θ) can be reconstructed using the RHFMs, and the image reconstruction function of f (r, θ) can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003615952910000055
the complex number can be extended to sixteen dimensions, called the sixteen element number. The sixteen element number consists of one real part and fifteen imaginary parts:
Figure BDA0003615952910000056
wherein x0，x1，…，x15Is a real part, e1，e2，…，e15Is an imaginary unit.
Multi-view color image f comprising 5 viewsSCan be expressed as a group of pure sixteen elements, and the specific expression method is as follows:
Figure BDA0003615952910000061
wherein f isS(r, θ) is fSIn polar coordinate form fri(r,θ)，fgi(r,θ)，fbi(r, θ) respectively represent multi-view color images fSRed, green, and blue components of the ith viewing angle of (r, θ).
Sixteen-element circular harmonic-Fourier moments (SRHFMs) can be constructed based on the theory of sixteen elements and RHFMs because multiplication of sixteen elements does not satisfy the commutative law, and fSBoth (r, θ) and exp (- μm θ) are sixteen-element numbers, so SRHFMs are defined in two ways:
Figure BDA0003615952910000062
Figure BDA0003615952910000063
wherein R isn(r) is the radial basis function of RHFMs, and μ is the unit pure sixteen element number, which can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003615952910000064
same set of images fSThe right and left SRHFMs of (r, θ) can be derived from each other, and the relationship can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003615952910000065
wherein,
Figure BDA0003615952910000066
is that
Figure BDA0003615952910000067
Conjugation of (1). Because f isS(r, θ) is a pure sixteen-element number matrix, then
Figure BDA0003615952910000068
Therefore:
Figure BDA0003615952910000069
by using
Figure BDA00036159529100000610
And
Figure BDA00036159529100000611
the formulas for reconstructing the image may be expressed as:
Figure BDA00036159529100000612
Figure BDA0003615952910000071
example one
The embodiment discloses a multi-view color image watermarking processing method based on a sixteen element moment;
as shown in fig. 1, the multi-view color image watermarking method based on sixteen element moments includes:
s1: acquiring an original multi-view color image and an original watermark image to be processed;
let IS＝{fS(P, Q),1 ≦ P, Q ≦ N } represents the original multi-view color image, and W ≦ { l (i, j),1 ≦ i ≦ P,1 ≦ j ≦ Q } represents the original watermark image.
S2: processing the original multi-view color image to obtain an accurate sixteen-element moment value;
the method for obtaining the accurate sixteen-element moment value comprises the following steps:
calculating a sixteen-element moment value of the original multi-view color image;
and eliminating the sixteen-element moment values at the four corners of the edge to obtain accurate sixteen-element moment values.
S2-1: calculation of SRHFMs
Computing an original multi-view color image ISMaximum moment order of NmaxSRHFMs of (A), obtaining (N)max+1)(2Nmax+1) moments.
S2-2: accurate SRHFMs selection
To enhance the robustness of the scheme, accurate SRHFMs are selected for watermark embedding. For the image orthogonal moment, the rotation invariance is theoretically possessed, and the SRHFMs with the repetition degree m being 4i and i being in Z are inconsistent with the theoretical value and are easy to cause errors, so the SRHFMs with the repetition degree m being 4i and i being in Z are eliminated, and the obtained accurate SRHFMs set is S1＝{SPnm,m≠4i,i∈Z}。
S3: embedding the original watermark image into the sixteen-element moment value, and reconstructing to obtain a watermark-containing sixteen-element moment image;
using a secret key K1From the set S1In the method, P multiplied by Q SRHFMs are randomly selected to construct an amplitude sequence, and then a quantization method is used to embed a watermark image into the amplitude sequence A ═ A (A ═ A)1,A2,…,AP×Q) The quantization method is as follows:
Figure BDA0003615952910000072
where k is 1,2, …, P × Q, λk＝round(A′k/Δ)，AkAnd A'kFor the initial amplitude of the selected SRHFMs and the amplitude after embedding the watermark, mod (x, y) is a remainder function, round (x) is a rounding function, Δ is a quantization step size, and w (k) is one-dimensional watermark information.
After the watermark is embedded in the SRHFMs, the SRHFMs need to be modified around the symmetric position where m is 0 is repeated, so that the real part of the moment values of the SRHFMs in which the watermark is embedded is still symmetric about m 0.
S4: carrying out difference value combination processing on the original multi-view color image, the sixteen element moment value and the water mark-containing sixteen element moment image to obtain a water mark-containing multi-view color image;
the difference value combination processing is to the original multi-view color image ISImage reconstructed with accurate SRHFMs
Figure BDA0003615952910000081
Differencing to obtain a difference image, and reconstructing the difference image from the watermarked SRHFMs
Figure BDA0003615952910000082
Merging to obtain the multi-view color image containing the watermark
Figure BDA0003615952910000083
The calculation process can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003615952910000084
when the multi-view color image is attacked, extracting the watermark image from the multi-view color image with the watermark to determine copyright ownership, wherein the specific extraction process comprises the following steps:
(1) image pre-processing
Since the moment calculation can only be applied to square images, if the multi-view color image IS*Each view angle of (a) is a rectangular image of size M × N, preprocessing is required to convert the image into a square multi-view color image of uniform size (M + N)/2 × (M + N)/2.
(2) Calculation of SRHFMs
Computing watermark multi-view color image IS*Maximum moment order of NmaxSRHFMs of (a) to obtain (N)max+1)(2Nmax+1) moments.
(3) Watermark image extraction
The set of accurate SRHFMs is
Figure BDA0003615952910000085
Using a secret key K1From the set
Figure BDA0003615952910000086
In the method, P multiplied by Q SRHFMs are randomly selected to construct an amplitude sequence, and then watermark information is extracted from the amplitude sequence
Figure BDA0003615952910000087
The extraction method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003615952910000088
wherein,
Figure BDA0003615952910000089
floor (x) is a floor rounding function. W*＝{w*(k) And k is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to P multiplied by Q is extracted watermark information.
W is to be*And converting the watermark into a two-dimensional image W' with the size of P multiplied by Q, namely the extracted watermark image.
(4) Watermark image verification
The positive code rate (BCR) is used to measure the consistency of the watermark image W' and the original watermark image W, and verify the copyright ownership of the image. The calculation formula of BCR is
Figure BDA0003615952910000091
Where C denotes the same number of pixels as W' and W, and P × Q is the size of the watermark image. The value of BCR is between 0 and 1, the larger the value of BCR is, the higher the similarity between W' and W is, and the better the robustness of the algorithm is.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a multi-view color image watermarking processing system based on a sixteen element moment;
as shown in fig. 2, the multi-view color image watermarking system based on the sixteen element moment includes a data acquisition module, a sixteen element moment processing module, a watermark embedding module, and a difference combining module;
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring a multi-view color image and a watermark image to be processed;
a sixteen-element moment processing module configured to: processing the multi-view color image to obtain an accurate sixteen-element moment value;
a watermark embedding module configured to: embedding the watermark image into the sixteen-element moment value, and reconstructing to obtain a watermark-containing sixteen-element moment image;
a difference combining module configured to: and performing difference value combination processing on the multi-view color image, the sixteen-element moment value and the water mark-containing sixteen-element moment image to obtain the water mark-containing multi-view color image.
EXAMPLE III
An object of the present embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps in the sixteen element moment based multi-view color image watermarking method according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Example four
An object of the present embodiment is to provide an electronic device.
An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the sixteen-element-matrix-based multi-view color image watermarking method according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure when executing the program.
The steps involved in the apparatuses of the above second, third and fourth embodiments correspond to the first embodiment of the method, and the detailed description thereof can be found in the relevant description of the first embodiment. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media containing one or more sets of instructions; it should also be understood to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor and that cause the processor to perform any of the methods of the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the present invention described above may be implemented by a general purpose computer device, and alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by a computing device, such that they may be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps thereof may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The multi-view color image watermarking processing method based on the sixteen element moment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring an original multi-view color image and an original watermark image to be processed;
processing the original multi-view color image to obtain an accurate sixteen-element moment value;
embedding the original watermark image into the sixteen element moment value, and reconstructing to obtain a watermark-containing sixteen element moment image;
and carrying out difference combination processing on the original multi-view color image, the sixteen element moment value and the water mark-containing sixteen element moment image to obtain the water mark-containing multi-view color image.
2. The multi-view color image watermarking method based on sixty-component moments as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the accurate sixteen-component moment value is:
calculating a sixteen-element moment value of the original multi-view color image;
and eliminating the inaccurate sixteen-element moment value to obtain the accurate sixteen-element moment value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the key is used to randomly select the sixteen moment values from the exact sixteen moment values to construct the amplitude sequence, and the quantization method is used to embed the watermark image into the amplitude sequence.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the difference combining process is to obtain a difference image by subtracting the original multi-view color image and the sixteen moment value, and combine the difference image and the watermark-containing sixteen moment image to obtain the watermark-containing multi-view color image.
5. The multi-view color image watermarking method based on sixty-wise moments of claim 1, wherein the sixteen-wise moments adopt sixteen-wise moments constructed based on a sixteen-wise theory and a circular harmonic-fourier moment.
6. The sixteen-element-moment-based multi-view color image watermarking method according to claim 1, further comprising: extracting a watermark image from the water-containing printing multi-view color image, wherein the specific extraction process comprises the following steps:
preprocessing the multi-view color image containing the watermark into a square multi-view color image;
calculating a sixteen-element moment value of the multi-view color image;
and extracting a watermark image from an amplitude sequence constructed by the sixteen-element moment values.
7. The multi-view color image watermarking method based on sixteen element moments as claimed in claim 6, wherein the positive code rate is used for measuring the similarity of the original watermark image and the extracted watermark image, and verifying the copyright attribution of the image.
8. A multi-view color image watermarking processing system based on sixteen element moment is characterized in that: the system comprises a data acquisition module, a sixteen-element moment processing module, a watermark embedding module and a difference value merging module;
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring a multi-view color image and a watermark image to be processed;
a sixteen-element moment processing module configured to: processing the multi-view color image to obtain an accurate sixteen-element moment value;
a watermark embedding module configured to: embedding the watermark image into the sixteen-element moment value, and reconstructing to obtain a watermark-containing sixteen-element moment image;
a difference combining module configured to: and performing difference value combination processing on the multi-view color image, the sixteen-element moment value and the water mark-containing sixteen-element moment image to obtain the water mark-containing multi-view color image.
9. Computer readable storage medium, having a program stored thereon, where the program is adapted to carry out the steps of the sixteen-element-moment based multi-view color image watermarking method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed by a processor.
10. Electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor when executing the program implements the steps in the sixteen-element-moment-based multi-view color image watermarking method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202210444441.5A 2022-04-26 2022-04-26 Multi-view color image watermarking processing method and system based on sixteen-element moment Pending CN114742690A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN116485623A (en) * 2023-06-21 2023-07-25 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) Multispectral image gray feature watermarking method based on sixteen-element rapid accurate moment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116485623A (en) * 2023-06-21 2023-07-25 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) Multispectral image gray feature watermarking method based on sixteen-element rapid accurate moment
CN116485623B (en) * 2023-06-21 2023-09-01 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) Multispectral image gray feature watermarking method based on sixteen-element rapid accurate moment

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Address after: 250353 University Road, Changqing District, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, No. 3501

Applicant after: Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)

Address before: 250353 University Road, Changqing District, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, No. 3501

Applicant before: Qilu University of Technology

Country or region before: China