CN114739785A - Direct shear peak value and residual strength testing device and method for grading unloading of rock and soil mass - Google Patents
Direct shear peak value and residual strength testing device and method for grading unloading of rock and soil mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN114739785A CN114739785A CN202210389985.6A CN202210389985A CN114739785A CN 114739785 A CN114739785 A CN 114739785A CN 202210389985 A CN202210389985 A CN 202210389985A CN 114739785 A CN114739785 A CN 114739785A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007660 shear property test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct shear peak value and residual strength test device and method for grading unloading of rock and soil mass, belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and can solve the problem that the difference between a shear strength index and a test result and a real situation is large because the influence of excavation unloading of the rock and soil mass is not considered in a traditional direct shear test. The device comprises: the shearing box consists of a bottom box body and a plurality of upper box bodies which are arranged on the bottom box body in a laminated mode, and two adjacent upper box bodies or the bottom box body and the adjacent upper box bodies are detachably connected through a fastening piece; the horizontal loading module is used for applying acting force in the horizontal direction to the upper box body; the vertical loading and unloading module is arranged at an opening at the top end of the shearing box and is used for applying acting force in the vertical direction to the soil sample to be tested; and the first fixing module is connected to the outer side wall of the bottom box body on the opposite side of the horizontal loading module and is used for fixing and supporting the shearing box. The invention is used for the shear test of the soil sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct shear peak value and residual strength testing device and method for graded unloading of rock and soil mass, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering.
Background
The stability of surrounding rocks of excavation unloading projects such as underground cavern groups of hydropower stations, tunnels, foundation pits and the like is closely related to the shear strength of soil. The shear strength of soil is one of important mechanical property indexes of soil, which refers to the ultimate capability of a soil body to resist shear failure, and is numerically equal to the shear stress when the soil body is subjected to shear failure, and the essence of the soil body failure is shear failure.
At present, the shearing property of soil is obtained by performing a direct shear test by using a direct shear apparatus. In a general direct shear test, a soil sample is placed in a fixed upper box and a movable lower box of a direct shear apparatus. During the test, vertical pressure is firstly applied to the soil sample, then horizontal thrust is applied to the lower box, and the soil sample is sheared and damaged due to the dislocation between the upper box and the lower box.
However, in actual complex geotechnical environments, the influence of the stress state of the geotechnical bodies on the shear strength parameters is obvious, the influence of excavation unloading of the geotechnical bodies is not considered in the traditional direct shear test device and method, so that the obtained shear strength parameters and test results have larger difference from the actual situation, and the application to engineering practice may cause larger economic cost waste or larger safety risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a direct shear peak value and residual strength test device and method for graded unloading of rock and soil mass, which can solve the problem that the difference between the shear strength index and the test result and the real situation is larger because the influence of rock and soil mass excavation unloading is not considered in the traditional direct shear test.
In one aspect, the invention provides a direct shear peak value and residual strength testing device for graded unloading of rock and soil mass, comprising:
the shearing box consists of a bottom box body and a plurality of upper box bodies which are arranged on the bottom box body in a laminated mode, and two adjacent upper box bodies or the bottom box body and the adjacent upper box bodies are detachably connected through a fastening piece; the top end of the shear box is provided with an opening, and a columnar cavity for accommodating a soil sample to be tested is formed in the shear box;
the horizontal loading module is connected to the outer side wall of any upper box body and is used for applying acting force in the horizontal direction to the upper box body;
the vertical loading and unloading module is arranged at an opening at the top end of the shearing box and used for applying acting force in the vertical direction to the soil sample to be tested;
and the first fixing module is connected to the outer side wall of the bottom box body on the opposite side of the horizontal loading module and is used for fixing and supporting the shearing box.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
and the second fixing module is connected to the outer side wall of the bottom box body on the opposite side of the first fixing module and is used for fixing and supporting the cutting box.
Optionally, the bottom box is a box structure with a bottom and no cover; the upper box body is a box body structure which is not provided with a cover and a bottom and is matched with the bottom box body in size.
Optionally, the vertical loading and unloading module comprises a force application unit, a pressurizing piston and a force transmission steel ball;
the pressurizing piston is arranged at an opening at the top end of the shearing box, and the force transmission steel ball is arranged at the surface center of one side of the pressurizing piston, which is far away from the soil sample to be tested; the force application unit applies acting force in the vertical direction to the pressurizing piston through the force transmission steel ball.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
and the water permeable module is arranged on the inner side of the shearing box and used for adsorbing the water discharged after the soil sample to be tested is extruded.
Optionally, the fastener is a movable bolt.
Optionally, the water permeable module comprises two drainage stones;
one of them stone setting of draining is in the inboard bottom surface of bottom box body with between the soil sample that awaits measuring, another stone setting of draining is in add the unloading module perpendicularly with between the soil sample that awaits measuring.
Optionally, the water permeable module further comprises a plurality of water drainage holes arranged on the bottom surface of the bottom layer box body; the drain hole is used for draining redundant water in the drainage stone.
Optionally, the first fixing module and/or the second fixing module is/are a force measuring steel ring; one end of the force measuring steel ring is connected with the outer side wall of the bottom layer box body, and the other end of the force measuring steel ring is connected with the fixed platform.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a testing method using the direct shear peak and residual strength testing apparatus for graded unloading of a rock-soil mass, the method comprising:
s1, cutting an original soil sample to be tested, and placing the soil sample into a shear box;
s2, detaching fasteners between two layers of box bodies at the top of the shearing box so as to ensure that the two layers of box bodies are not connected; the other layers of box bodies are connected through fasteners;
s3, after the soil sample to be tested is restored to a real stress state, the vertical loading and unloading module is controlled to load different vertical pressures under a grading unloading state on the soil sample to be tested, and the horizontal loading module is controlled to apply shearing force to the upper layer of the two layers of box bodies, so that the test can be sheared at a preset shearing rate until the test is sheared;
s4, detaching fasteners between two adjacent layers of box bodies of the next shearing box, and connecting the other layers of box bodies through the fasteners;
and S5, repeating the steps S3 to S4 until the shearing test of the soil sample to be tested between the bottom box body and the adjacent upper box body in the shearing box is completed.
Optionally, after S1, the method further includes:
s6, controlling a vertical loading and unloading module to load vertical pressure on the soil sample to be tested, and enabling the soil sample to be tested to be subjected to drainage consolidation under the original stress state;
after the S5, the method further includes:
and S7, acquiring the shear strength indexes of the soil samples to be measured in different unloading states by utilizing the coulomb strength theory according to different vertical pressures and corresponding shear forces.
Optionally, after S3, the method further includes:
and S8, controlling the horizontal loading module to apply a reverse shearing force to the upper layer of the two layers of box bodies so as to shear the test at a preset shearing rate until the test is sheared, and measuring the residual strength of the soil sample to be tested.
The invention can produce the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the direct shear peak value and residual strength test device for rock and soil mass grading unloading, the shear box in the device comprises the multiple layers of box bodies, and the adjacent box bodies are connected through the detachable fasteners, so that multiple groups of shear tests in the same sample grading unloading state can be developed, the shear strength indexes of the rock and soil mass in different unloading states can be measured by using one sample, the real stress state of the sample is simulated by using the device, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
(2) The invention provides a direct shear peak value and residual strength test method for graded unloading of rock and soil mass, which regulates and controls the vertical pressure of a sample according to the actual stress state of the rock and soil mass, so that the sample is subjected to drainage consolidation under the original existing stress state, then the vertical pressure of the sample is reduced according to the actual engineering unloading condition, a shear test is performed under the relaxation unloading effect of the rock and soil mass, and the real stress state is simulated. The test method of the invention can more truly obtain the shear strength parameter of the rock-soil body because of restoring the real stress state, and provides more detailed and accurate basis for the analysis of the engineering safety and stability.
(3) The direct shear peak value and residual strength test method for graded unloading of rock and soil mass provided by the invention can measure the residual strength of the rock and soil mass under the unloading action by performing the shearing test and then performing the back shearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a direct shear test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a shear box provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shear strength line provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a direct shear test method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
List of parts and reference numerals:
10. a cutting box; 11. a bottom layer box body; 12. an upper case; 13. a fastener; 14. a horizontal loading module; 15. a force application unit; 16. a pressurizing piston; 17. a force transmission steel ball; 18. draining water stone; 19. a drain hole; 20. a soil sample to be tested; 21. a force measuring steel ring; 22. and (4) fixing the platform.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a direct shear peak value and residual strength testing device for graded unloading of rock and soil mass, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device comprises:
the shearing box consists of a bottom box body and a plurality of upper box bodies which are arranged on the bottom box body in a laminated mode, and two adjacent upper box bodies or the bottom box body and the adjacent upper box bodies are detachably connected through a fastening piece; the top end of the shear box is provided with an opening, and a columnar cavity used for accommodating a soil sample to be tested is arranged in the shear box.
Wherein, the bottom layer box body is a box body structure with a bottom and no cover; the upper box body is a box body structure which is not provided with a cover and a bottom and is matched with the size of the bottom box body. The number of the upper box bodies is not limited in the embodiment of the invention, and the technical personnel in the field can set the upper box bodies according to the actual situation. For example, the upper case may be provided with 2, 3, 4, or more.
In practical application, the shear box is generally in a cylindrical structure or a prismatic structure, and the fastener for connecting the two adjacent box bodies can be a movable bolt.
And the horizontal loading module is connected to the outer side wall of any upper box body and is used for applying horizontal acting force to the upper box body. The position of the horizontal loading module can be adjusted to adapt to the action force in the horizontal direction applied to the upper box bodies with different heights.
The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific structure of the horizontal loading module, as long as the function of applying the acting force in the horizontal direction can be realized.
And the vertical loading and unloading module is arranged at the opening at the top end of the shearing box and used for applying acting force in the vertical direction to the soil sample to be tested.
The vertical loading and unloading module can comprise a force application unit, a pressurizing piston and a force transmission steel ball; the pressurizing piston is arranged at an opening at the top end of the shearing box, and the force transmission steel ball is arranged at the center of the surface of one side of the pressurizing piston, which is far away from the soil sample to be tested; the force application unit applies acting force in the vertical direction to the pressurizing piston through the force transmission steel ball, so that the force borne by the soil sample to be tested can be always kept in the vertical direction (namely the normal direction). In practical applications, the force application unit may be a force applicator.
And the first fixing module is connected to the outer side wall of the bottom box body on the opposite side of the horizontal loading module and is used for fixing and supporting the shearing box.
Wherein, the first fixed module is a force measuring steel ring; one end of the force measuring steel ring is connected with the outer side wall of the bottom box body, and the other end of the force measuring steel ring is connected with the fixed platform.
The force measuring steel ring is used for measuring shearing force and needs to be fixed with a fixed platform (namely a vertical supporting piece) so as to fix and support the shearing box and ensure the uniform stress of the shearing box. The fixed platform can be a wall or a fixture, which is not limited in the embodiment of the invention.
The shearing box in the device provided by the invention comprises a plurality of hierarchical box bodies, and the adjacent box bodies are connected through the detachable fastening piece, so that a plurality of groups of shearing tests under the same sample graded unloading state can be developed, the shearing strength indexes of rock and soil bodies under different unloading states can be measured by using one sample, the real stress state of the sample is simulated by using the device, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
Further, the apparatus further comprises: and the second fixing module is connected to the outer side wall of the bottom box body on the opposite side of the first fixing module and is used for fixing and supporting the cutting box. In an embodiment of the present invention, the second fixing module may be a force measuring steel ring.
Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus further comprises: and the water permeable module is arranged on the inner side of the shearing box and used for adsorbing water discharged after the soil sample to be tested is extruded.
Specifically, the water permeable module comprises two drainage stones; one of the drainage stones is arranged between the inner bottom surface of the bottom box body and the soil sample to be tested, and the other drainage stone is arranged between the vertical loading and unloading module and the soil sample to be tested.
The water permeable module also comprises a plurality of drain holes arranged on the bottom surface of the bottom layer box body; the drain hole is used for draining excessive water in the drainage stone. The drainage holes can be blind holes or through holes, and the skilled person can select the drainage holes according to the actual situation of the sample. When the water content of the soil sample to be detected is larger, the through hole can be selected; when the water content of the soil sample to be detected is relatively small, the blind hole can be selected, and even a drain hole is not required.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a testing method using the direct shear peak and residual strength testing apparatus for graded unloading of a rock-soil mass, as shown in fig. 4, the method comprising:
and S1, cutting the undisturbed soil sample to be tested, and placing the soil sample into the shearing box.
In practical applications, after the step, the method further comprises:
and S6, controlling the vertical loading and unloading module to load vertical pressure on the soil sample to be detected, so that the soil sample to be detected is subjected to drainage consolidation under the original stress state.
S2, detaching the fasteners between the two box bodies at the top of the shearing box so as to ensure that the two box bodies are not connected; the other layers of box bodies are connected through fasteners.
S3, after the soil sample to be tested is restored to a real stress state, the vertical loading and unloading module is controlled to load different vertical pressures under the grading unloading state to the soil sample to be tested, and the horizontal loading module is controlled to apply shearing force to the upper layer of the two layers of box bodies, so that the test can be sheared at a preset shearing rate until the test is sheared.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after the step, the method may further include:
and S8, controlling the horizontal loading module to apply reverse shearing force to the upper layer of the two layers of box bodies, shearing the test at a preset shearing rate until the test is broken, and measuring the residual strength of the soil sample to be measured.
And S4, detaching the fasteners between the next adjacent two layers of box bodies of the shear box, and connecting the other layers of box bodies through the fasteners.
And S5, repeating the steps S3 to S4 until the shearing test of the soil sample to be tested between the bottom box body and the adjacent upper box body in the shearing box is completed.
Further, after S5, the method further includes:
and S7, acquiring the shear strength indexes of the soil samples to be measured in different unloading states by utilizing the coulomb strength theory according to different vertical pressures and corresponding shear forces.
When the box is actually used, firstly, the fastening piece between the two layers of box bodies at the top in the shearing box is opened, the other layers of box bodies are connected through the fastening piece, and then the first fixing device and the second fixing device are respectively fixed with the vertical fixing platform; then placing the soil sample to be tested into a shearing box, controlling the vertical loading and unloading module to start, and applying force to the soil sample to be tested in the vertical direction to ensure that the soil sample to be tested is subjected to drainage consolidation in the original occurrence stress state; dynamically regulating and controlling a vertical loading and unloading module to apply a set vertical pressure sigma (1) according to the size of the grading unloading, and applying a set shearing force tau (1) x through a horizontal loading module to shear the sample at a preset shearing rate until the sample is sheared; applying reverse shear force to the test through a horizontal loading module, so that the test is sheared at a preset shearing rate, and measuring the residual strength of the test; the 4 shear tests were repeated to obtain four sets of testsAnd four sets of shear forces τ (1) f, τ (2) f, τ (3) f, τ (4) f; then according to the obtained four groups of vertical pressure and four groups of shear force values of the test, combining with the coulomb strength theory to obtain cohesive force c and internal friction angle in the shear strength
Relationships (as shown in FIG. 3); and further determining the resistance of the soil body to shearing damage, and providing a reliable basis for subsequent engineering safety and stability analysis.
According to the method, the vertical pressure of the sample is regulated and controlled according to the actual stress state of the rock-soil body, so that the sample is subjected to drainage consolidation under the original existing stress state, then the vertical pressure of the sample is reduced according to the actual engineering unloading condition, a shear test is performed under the relaxation unloading effect of the rock-soil body, and the actual stress state is simulated. The test method of the invention can more truly obtain the shear strength parameter of the rock-soil body because of restoring the real stress state, and provides more detailed and accurate basis for the analysis of the engineering safety and stability. In addition, after a group of shear tests are carried out, the rock-soil body residual strength under the unloading action can be measured by carrying out back shearing in the horizontal direction.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a direct shear peak value and residual strength test device of ground body stage unloading which characterized in that, the device includes:
the shearing box consists of a bottom box body and a plurality of upper box bodies which are arranged on the bottom box body in a laminated manner, and two adjacent upper box bodies or the bottom box body and the adjacent upper box bodies are detachably connected through a fastening piece; the top end of the shear box is provided with an opening, and a columnar cavity for accommodating a soil sample to be tested is formed in the shear box;
the horizontal loading module is connected to the outer side wall of any upper box body and is used for applying acting force in the horizontal direction to the upper box body;
the vertical loading and unloading module is arranged at an opening at the top end of the shearing box and is used for applying acting force in the vertical direction to the soil sample to be tested;
and the first fixing module is connected to the outer side wall of the bottom box body on the opposite side of the horizontal loading module and is used for fixing and supporting the shearing box.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the second fixing module is connected to the outer side wall of the bottom box body on the opposite side of the first fixing module and is used for fixing and supporting the cutting box.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the bottom case is a bottom-capped case structure; the upper box body is a box body structure which is uncovered and bottomless and is matched with the bottom box body in size.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the vertical loading and unloading module comprises a force application unit, a pressurizing piston and a force transmission steel ball;
the pressurizing piston is arranged at an opening at the top end of the shearing box, and the force transmission steel ball is arranged at the surface center of one side of the pressurizing piston, which is far away from the soil sample to be tested; the force application unit applies acting force in the vertical direction to the pressurizing piston through the force transmission steel ball.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the water permeable module is arranged on the inner side of the shearing box and used for adsorbing the water discharged after the soil sample to be detected is extruded.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastener is a live bolt.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and/or second securing modules are force measuring steel rings; one end of the force measuring steel ring is connected with the outer side wall of the bottom layer box body, and the other end of the force measuring steel ring is connected with the fixed platform.
8. A test method using the direct shear peak and residual strength test apparatus for graded unloading of rock and soil mass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises:
s1, cutting an undisturbed soil sample to be tested, and placing the undisturbed soil sample into a shearing box;
s2, detaching fasteners between two layers of box bodies at the top of the shearing box so as to ensure that the two layers of box bodies are not connected; the other layers of box bodies are connected through fasteners;
s3, after the soil sample to be tested is restored to a real stress state, the vertical loading and unloading module is controlled to load different vertical pressures under a grading unloading state on the soil sample to be tested, and the horizontal loading module is controlled to apply shearing force to the upper layer of the two layers of box bodies, so that the test can be sheared at a preset shearing rate until the test is sheared;
s4, detaching fasteners between two adjacent layers of box bodies of the next shearing box, and connecting the other layers of box bodies through the fasteners;
and S5, repeating the steps S3 to S4 until the shearing test of the soil sample to be tested between the bottom box body and the adjacent upper box body in the shearing box is completed.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein after the S1, the method further comprises:
s6, controlling a vertical loading and unloading module to load vertical pressure on the soil sample to be tested, and enabling the soil sample to be tested to be subjected to drainage consolidation in an original stress state;
after the S5, the method further includes:
and S7, acquiring the shear strength indexes of the soil samples to be measured in different unloading states by utilizing the coulomb strength theory according to different vertical pressures and corresponding shear forces.
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein after the S3, the method further comprises:
and S8, controlling the horizontal loading module to apply a reverse shearing force to the upper layer of the two layers of box bodies so that the test can be sheared at a preset shearing rate until the test is sheared, and measuring the residual strength of the soil sample to be tested.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210389985.6A CN114739785A (en) | 2022-04-14 | 2022-04-14 | Direct shear peak value and residual strength testing device and method for grading unloading of rock and soil mass |
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| CN202210389985.6A CN114739785A (en) | 2022-04-14 | 2022-04-14 | Direct shear peak value and residual strength testing device and method for grading unloading of rock and soil mass |
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2022
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Application publication date: 20220712 |