CN114739048A - PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system and operation method - Google Patents
PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 88
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/005—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic photo-thermal and heat pump equipment, in particular to a PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system and an operation method thereof. Compared with the prior art, this patent PVT system + water source heat pump system adopts direct current equipment to realize the flexible power supply mode of photovoltaic direct current, and PVT system + water source heat pump system's heat accumulation formula combined heat and power is optimized, and guarantee photovoltaic power generation efficiency requires, promotes heat supply temperature grade, satisfies heat supply parameter requirement and heat supply load stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic photo-thermal and heat pump equipment, in particular to a PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system and an operation method.
Background
The working principle of the water source heat pump is based on the inverse Carnot cycle principle, the electric energy is adopted for driving, and low-grade heat energy such as underground water, lake water, river water, municipal sewage, seawater, industrial wastewater and the like is absorbed by a refrigerant, so that the low-grade heat energy is promoted to be usable high-grade heat energy to heat water.
The water source heat pump is generally composed of a compressor, an expansion valve, a filter, a liquid storage tank, a condenser, an evaporator and the like. The low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is compressed into high-pressure high-temperature gaseous refrigerant by the compressor, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange with water by the hot water heat exchanger, and the high-pressure refrigerant is cooled and condensed into liquid at normal temperature. In the process, the refrigerant emits heat to heat water, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is decompressed through the expansion valve, the pressure is reduced and returns to the temperature lower than the outside, the refrigerant has the capacity of absorbing heat and evaporating, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs the heat of a water source through the evaporator and is changed from liquid to gas, the refrigerant absorbing the heat is changed into low-temperature low-pressure gas, the low-temperature low-pressure gas is sucked by the compressor to be compressed, the operation is continuously circulated, the heat is continuously absorbed from the water source side, the heat is released from the condenser side, and the water is heated. The circulation process is completed by a water source heat pump. The water source heat pump is used as a system device for efficiently collecting heat and transferring heat, and can change the electric power consumed by the compressor into heat energy within a range of 5 times. When the water source heat pump is used for heating, the problem of electric load expansion exists, and meanwhile, when the temperature of the water source is low, the efficiency of the heat pump is also reduced.
The PVT system is a system integrating solar photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal into a whole, and is called a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal cogeneration system, which is called PVT for short. The photovoltaic solar photovoltaic. Meanwhile, partial heat energy generated in the photoelectric conversion process of the solar cell panel is collected through heat exchange, and the heat energy continuously converted is used for heating hot water for people to use, so that the heat and power combined supply of the PVT system is realized.
At the present stage, a PVT system adopts a direct current-to-alternating current power supply mode, and a water source heat pump system adopts alternating current equipment. Meanwhile, the solar cell backboard has too high temperature after heat collection of the PVT system, so that the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the cell panel is reduced, the work of the photovoltaic power generation system is influenced, the provided hot water parameters cannot be directly used for heat supply, and the problem that the photo-thermal conversion cannot be guaranteed all weather at insufficient sunshine time such as rainy days and nights exists, so that the hot water supply cannot be continuously carried out.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system and an operation method thereof. The solar energy can improve the liquid inlet temperature of the water source heat pump and improve the operation efficiency; the heat storage type water source heat pump can compensate the intermittent nature of solar energy sunshine influence on the one hand, collects heat of the back plate of the heat collector for heat supply on the other hand, and prevents the back plate from being too high in temperature to influence the power generation efficiency.
In order to achieve one of the above purposes, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a PVT light stores up light and heat type water source heat pump system, PVT light stores up light and heat type water source heat pump system contains a plurality of PVT system, and a plurality of photovoltaic directly drives water source heat pump set, and a plurality of user constitutes, PVT system through establish ties or parallelly connected with photovoltaic directly drives water source heat pump set and is connected, photovoltaic directly drives water source heat pump set and user and uses the water pipeline to be connected, PVT system contains photovoltaic solar panel and sets up the heat collector behind the photovoltaic solar panel.
Preferably, the PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system further comprises a sound absorption shell, and the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit is arranged in the sound absorption shell; the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit comprises an evaporator, a four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a direct-current variable frequency compressor, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, an intelligent heat storage tank and a low-temperature water storage tank;
the first outlet of the evaporator is communicated with a first interface of a four-way valve, a second interface of the four-way valve is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, the outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the inlet of the direct-current variable-frequency compressor, the outlet of the direct-current variable-frequency compressor is communicated with a third interface of the four-way valve, a fourth interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the first inlet of the condenser, the first outlet of the condenser is communicated with the inlet of the liquid storage tank, and the outlet of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the first inlet of the evaporator;
the first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank is communicated with the second inlet of the condenser, the second outlet of the condenser is communicated with the first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank, the second inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank is communicated with the outlet at the user side, and the second outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank is communicated with the inlet at the user side;
the low-temperature water storage tank is connected with the evaporator;
an outlet of a heat collector of the PVT system is respectively communicated with a second inlet of the evaporator and a third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank through a tee joint;
and an inlet of a heat collector of the PVT system is respectively communicated with a second outlet of the evaporator and a third outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank through a tee joint.
Preferably, an aerogel heat insulation layer is sprayed on the heat collector, the low-temperature water storage tank and the intelligent heat storage tank.
Preferably, an expansion valve and a filter are further arranged between the outlet of the liquid storage tank and the first inlet of the evaporator; a direct-current water pump and an electric control valve are arranged between the first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the second inlet of the condenser; an electric control valve is arranged between the first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the second outlet of the condenser; a direct-current water pump is arranged between the second outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the user side inlet; and electric control valves are respectively arranged at the second inlet of the evaporator, the third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank, the second outlet of the evaporator and the third outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank.
Preferably, the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit further comprises an intelligent main control panel, an intelligent electricity storage box and a direct current driving module, the photovoltaic solar panel is electrically connected with the intelligent main control panel, the intelligent electricity storage box and the direct current driving module respectively, and the direct current driving module is electrically connected with the direct current water pump, the direct current variable frequency compressor and the electric control valve respectively.
Preferably, the photovoltaic solar panel control system is integrated in an intelligent main control panel of the direct-current water source heat pump unit, the intelligent main control panel is used for electrically controlling the direct-current driving module, the intelligent electricity storage box and the photovoltaic solar panel respectively, and the intelligent electricity storage box is used for supplying power to the intelligent main control panel and the direct-current driving module respectively.
Preferably, the dc driving module is connected to a first ac/dc inverter, and the first ac/dc inverter is connected to a mains supply; the intelligent electricity storage box is connected with a second alternating current-direct current inverter, and the second alternating current-direct current inverter is electrically connected with the external electric interface.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an operation method of a PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system, comprising the above-mentioned PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system, the operation method is as follows:
when the illumination is sufficient, the intelligent main control panel controls the electric control valves of the inlet and the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet and the outlet of the condenser to be closed, the intelligent main control panel simultaneously controls the electric control valves of the third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank to be opened, the direct-current water pump is started, cold water is introduced into the top of a heat collector of the PVT system from the intelligent heat storage tank, and hot water at the bottom of the heat collector of the PVT system is fed into the intelligent heat storage tank;
when the light is insufficient or at night, the intelligent main control panel controls the electric control valves of the inlet and the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet and the outlet of the condenser to be opened, the intelligent main control panel simultaneously controls the electric control valves of the first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank to be opened, and the intelligent main control panel controls the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit to start heating, so that the water temperature in the intelligent heat storage tank reaches a set temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the PVT light-storing and light-storing type water source heat pump system and the operation method provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:
1. the thermal energy is complementary.
The mode of PVT + water source heat pump is adopted, hot water or heat can be provided by all-weather work, when sunlight is sufficient, the temperature of water in a heat collector of the PVT system is high, the heat is sufficient, and the water source heat pump and the heat storage water tank are started to store heat, so that the use of a user can be met; when the sunlight is insufficient or the water temperature in the heat storage water tank cannot meet the requirement due to other reasons, the photovoltaic power generation is reduced, the heat supply power of a water source heat pump system is increased, and the heat demand of a user is ensured; the heat of the high-temperature water storage tank is utilized at night, the off-peak electricity is assisted to drive the water source heat pump, and the heat of the low-temperature water storage tank is absorbed for heat supply. The problem that PVT hot water supply is unstable and discontinuous under the condition of insufficient sunshine such as rainy days, nights and the like is effectively solved.
2. Double-effect promotion.
For a solar system, the lower the surface temperature of the heat collector is, the more the solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved, the heat of the back plate of the solar panel can be taken away in time by the PVT + water source heat pump unit system, the temperature of the solar panel is adjusted, and the power generation efficiency of the solar panel is improved. And the heat absorbed by the heat collector is simultaneously used as a low-temperature heat source of the water source heat pump, so that the heat supply performance and the working efficiency of the water source heat pump are improved compared with those of an air source heat pump. Therefore, the heat and power cogeneration operation mode of the PVT system and the water source heat pump system is optimized and realized.
3. Storing light and heat.
PVT system sets up low temperature total water tank, and heat pump set internal integration intelligence electricity storage box and intelligent heat storage tank are independently controlled by the AI intelligence control system in the heat pump, and the electric energy part: when the photovoltaic power generation has surplus, the surplus electric quantity is transferred to the power storage box to be stored, and then the surplus electric quantity is transferred out when needed. The heat energy part: when the heat in the PVT heat collector is sufficient, the redundant heat is sent into the heat storage tank to be stored, and when the heat is not sufficient, the redundant heat is sent out for use.
4. And D, using direct current.
The heat pump is simultaneously connected with photovoltaic direct current and commercial power alternating current, the direct current generated by the photovoltaic is mainly used for directly driving devices such as a direct current variable frequency compressor, a direct current water pump and a direct current fan in the heat pump, secondary conversion is not needed, and the utilization rate is higher. When the photovoltaic direct current is insufficient in extreme weather, the alternating current of the commercial power is converted into the direct current and then used for driving devices such as a direct current compressor, a direct current water pump and a direct current fan in the heat pump. The PVT + water source heat pump unit adopts a direct-current power generation and utilization mode, the alternating current-direct current conversion loss is further reduced, the power generation is self-used, the surplus power is on line, the capacity increasing demand on a power grid is low, and the safety impact on the operation of the power grid is small.
5. Flexible combination and cascade configuration.
The PVT system and the water source heat pump can be flexibly combined for use, when the illumination is sufficient and the water temperature in a heat collector (group) of the PVT system is high, two stages of heat pumps can be connected in series for use, the high-temperature type direct-current water source heat pump unit is used in the first stage, the common type direct-current water source heat pump unit is used in the second stage, water with high temperature in the heat collector firstly enters the high-temperature type heat pump, heat exchange is carried out and then the water is sent into the common type heat pump, the water temperature can be reduced to 15-20 ℃ after heat exchange, and then the water is sent back into the heat collector to continuously absorb light and heat.
The PVT system and the water source heat pump can also be used in parallel, N PVT systems are divided into N groups according to the electric and heat loads of the system, the N groups are connected into the water dividing and collecting device, and the water dividing and collecting device is connected into the water source heat pump connected in parallel.
6. And (5) insulating the aerogel.
Adopt the aerogel to keep warm around the PVT system back heat collector, through the spraying aerogel, reduce calorific loss, improve energy utilization efficiency.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit in a PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a series connection of photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump units in a PVT light-storing photo-thermal water source heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel connection of photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump units in a PVT light-storing photo-thermal water source heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a PVT system in a PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The schematic in the figure is as follows:
1-a sound-absorbing enclosure; 2-an intelligent main control panel; 3-intelligent power storage box; 4-a direct current driving module; 5-a first ac-dc inverter; 6-four-way valve; 7-an evaporator; 8-an expansion valve; 9-a filter; 10-a liquid storage tank; 11-a direct current variable frequency compressor; 12-a gas-liquid separator; 13-a condenser; 14-a ball valve; 15-a direct-current water pump; 16-an intelligent heat storage tank; 17-a second ac to dc inverter; 18-an electrically controlled valve; 19-a photovoltaic solar panel; 20-photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit; 21-indoor heating terminal; 22-indoor air conditioning terminal; 23-domestic hot water end; 24-illumination; 25-a household appliance; 26-a heat collector; 27-high temperature type photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit; 28-a water separator; 29-a water collector; 30-aerogel insulation layer; 31-low temperature water storage tank.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The working principle of the water source heat pump is based on the inverse Carnot cycle principle, the electric energy is adopted for driving, and low-grade heat energy such as underground water, lake water, river water, municipal sewage, seawater, industrial wastewater and the like is absorbed by a refrigerant, so that the low-grade heat energy is promoted to be usable high-grade heat energy to heat water.
The water source heat pump is generally composed of a compressor, an expansion valve, a filter, a liquid storage tank, a condenser, an evaporator and the like. The low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is compressed into high-pressure high-temperature gaseous refrigerant by the compressor, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange with water by the hot water heat exchanger, and the high-pressure refrigerant is cooled and condensed into liquid at normal temperature. In the process, the refrigerant emits heat to heat water, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is decompressed through the expansion valve, the pressure is reduced and returns to the temperature lower than the outside, the refrigerant has the capacity of absorbing heat and evaporating, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs the heat of a water source through the evaporator and is changed from liquid to gas, the refrigerant absorbing the heat is changed into low-temperature low-pressure gas, the low-temperature low-pressure gas is sucked by the compressor to be compressed, the operation is continuously circulated, the heat is continuously absorbed from the water source side, the heat is released from the condenser side, and the water is heated. The circulation process is completed by a water source heat pump. The water source heat pump is used as a system device for efficiently collecting heat and transferring heat, and can change the electric power consumed by the compressor into heat energy within a range of 5 times. When the water source heat pump is used for heating, the problem of electric load expansion exists, and meanwhile, when the temperature of the water source is low, the efficiency of the heat pump is also reduced.
The PVT system is a system integrating solar photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal into a whole, and is called a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal cogeneration system, which is called PVT for short. The photovoltaic solar photovoltaic. Meanwhile, partial heat energy generated in the photoelectric conversion process of the solar cell panel is collected through heat exchange, and the heat energy continuously converted is used for heating hot water for people to use, so that the heat and power combined supply of the PVT system is realized.
At the present stage, a PVT system adopts a direct current-to-alternating current power supply mode, and a water source heat pump system adopts alternating current equipment. Meanwhile, the solar cell backboard has too high temperature after heat collection of the PVT system, so that the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the cell panel is reduced, the work of the photovoltaic power generation system is influenced, the provided hot water parameters cannot be directly used for heat supply, and the problem that the photo-thermal conversion cannot be guaranteed all weather at insufficient sunshine time such as rainy days and nights exists, so that the hot water supply cannot be continuously carried out.
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system, which uses a PVT + water source heat pump unit to realize comprehensive utilization of solar energy and a water source heat pump, and the water source heat pump and the solar energy have good complementarity in combination. The solar energy can improve the liquid inlet temperature of the water source heat pump and improve the operation efficiency; the water source heat pump can compensate intermittence of solar illumination influence.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system is provided,
the PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system comprises a plurality of PVT systems, a plurality of photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump units 20 and a plurality of users, wherein the PVT systems are connected with the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump units 20 in series or in parallel, the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump units 20 are connected with water pipes for the users, and each PVT system comprises a photovoltaic solar panel 19 and a heat collector 26 arranged behind the photovoltaic solar panel 19.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the PVT light-heat storage type water source heat pump system further includes a sound-absorbing casing 1, the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 is disposed in the sound-absorbing casing 1, and the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 includes an evaporator 7, a four-way valve 6, a gas-liquid separator 12, a direct-current variable-frequency compressor 11, a condenser 13, a liquid storage tank 10, an intelligent heat storage tank 16, and a low-temperature water storage tank; wherein, the first outlet of the evaporator 7 is communicated with the first interface of the four-way valve 6, the second interface of the four-way valve 6 is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 12, the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 12 is communicated with the inlet of the direct-current frequency conversion compressor 11, the outlet of the direct-current frequency conversion compressor 11 is communicated with the third interface of the four-way valve 6, the fourth interface of the four-way valve 6 is communicated with the first inlet of the condenser 13, the first outlet of the condenser 13 is communicated with the inlet of the liquid storage tank 10, and the outlet of the liquid storage tank 10 is communicated with the first inlet of the evaporator 7;
a first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is communicated with a second inlet of the condenser 13, a second outlet of the condenser 13 is communicated with a first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16, a second inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is communicated with a user side outlet, and a second outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is communicated with the user side inlet;
the low-temperature water storage tank 31 is connected with the evaporator 7;
an outlet of a heat collector 26 of the PVT system is respectively communicated with a second inlet of the evaporator 7 and a third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 through a tee joint;
an inlet of a heat collector 26 of the PVT system is respectively communicated with a second outlet of the evaporator 7 and a third outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 through a tee joint.
An expansion valve 8 and a filter 9 are also arranged between the outlet of the liquid storage tank 10 and the first inlet of the evaporator 7; a direct-current water pump 15 and an electric control valve 18 are arranged between a first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 and a second inlet of the condenser 13; an electric control valve 18 is arranged between a first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 and a second outlet of the condenser 13; a direct-current water pump 15 is arranged between the second outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 and the user side inlet; and electric control valves 18 are respectively arranged at the second inlet of the evaporator 7, the third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16, the second outlet of the evaporator 7 and the third outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, in a preferred embodiment, an aerogel insulation layer 30 is coated on the heat collector 26, the low temperature water storage tank 31 and the intelligent heat storage tank 16 by spraying the aerogel insulation layer thereon. PVT system back heat collector 26, low temperature storage water tank 31, intelligent heat storage tank 16 adopt the aerogel to keep warm around, through the spraying aerogel, reduce calorific loss, improve energy utilization efficiency.
In order to further explain the working principle of the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20, the following is set forth for the internal flow of the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20:
the outlet of the direct-current variable frequency compressor 11 is connected with the third interface of the four-way valve 6 through a pipeline, the inlet of the direct-current variable frequency compressor 11 is connected with the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 12 through a pipeline, the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 12 is connected with the second interface of the four-way valve 6 through a pipeline, the first interface of the four-way valve 6 is connected with the first outlet of the evaporator 7 through a pipeline, the first inlet of the evaporator 7 is connected with the outlet of the expansion valve 8 through a pipeline, the inlet of the expansion valve 8 is connected with the filter 9 through a pipeline, the filter 9 is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage tank 10 through a pipeline, the inlet of the liquid storage tank 10 is connected with the first outlet of the condenser 13 through a pipeline, and the first inlet of the condenser 13 is connected to the fourth interface of the four-way valve 6 through a pipeline.
The second outlet of the condenser 13 is connected with the electric control valve 18 through a pipeline, the electric control valve 18 is connected with the first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 through a pipeline, and the first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is connected with the second inlet of the condenser 13 through the electric control valve 18, the direct-current water pump 15 and the ball valve 14 through pipelines.
A second inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is connected with the ball valve 14 through a pipeline and led to the outside of the unit to serve as a water outlet of a user side; and a second outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is connected with the ball valve 14, the direct-current water pump 15 and the ball valve 14 through pipelines and led to the outside of the unit to serve as a user side water inlet. In this case, the indoor heating terminal 21, the indoor air conditioning terminal 22, and the domestic hot water terminal 23 on the user side can be used.
The outlet of the PVT system is connected with the water inlet of a photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20, and then connected with a ball valve 14, the outlet of the PVT system is connected with a second inlet of an evaporator 7 through a tee joint and an electric control valve 18, the other tee joint and the electric control valve 18 are connected to a third inlet of an intelligent heat storage tank 16 through pipelines, a third outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is connected with the electric control valve 18 through a pipeline, the other tee joint and the electric control valve 18 are connected with a second outlet of the evaporator 7, the other tee joint and the ball valve 14, a direct-current water pump 15 and the ball valve 14 are connected to the outside of the unit through pipelines, and then connected to the inlet of the PVT system through pipelines.
Photovoltaic solar panel 19 and intelligent main control panel 2, intelligent electricity storage box 3, the 4 electric connection of direct current drive module of PVT system, intelligent main control panel 2 respectively with intelligent electricity storage box 3, the 4 electric connection of direct current drive module, direct current drive module 4 respectively with direct current fan, direct current variable frequency compressor 11, direct current water pump 15, the 3 electric connection of intelligent electricity storage box. The commercial power is inserted the mouth and is connected with first alternating current-direct current inverter 5 electrical connection, and first alternating current-direct current inverter 5 and direct current drive module 4 electrical connection. The intelligent power storage box 3 is electrically connected with the second alternating current-direct current inverter 17, and the second alternating current-direct current inverter 17 is electrically connected with the external interface. In this case, the lighting 24 and the home appliance 25 on the user side can be used.
The photovoltaic solar panel 19 of the PVT system, the heat collector 26 behind the photovoltaic solar panel and the direct-current water source heat pump are installed on an outdoor roof or the air ground, the generated power is directly connected with the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 through a cable, the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 is directly connected with a user through a pipeline and a cable, and the control system of the photovoltaic assembly is integrated in the intelligent main control panel 2 of the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20.
In a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 is internally provided with an intelligent electricity storage tank 3 and an intelligent heat storage tank 16, the intelligent electricity storage tank 3 is connected to a user through a second ac/dc inverter 17, the intelligent heat storage tank 16 is connected in three ways, and one way is connected to the user through a pipeline; one path is connected with a condenser 13 through a pipeline; one way is connected with a heat collector 26 of the PVT system through a pipeline and is connected with the evaporator 7 in parallel.
The photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 is internally provided with the direct-current variable-frequency compressor 11, the electric control valve 18 and the direct-current water pump 15 which are all connected with the direct-current driving module 4 and are driven by direct current generated by a photovoltaic solar panel 19 of the PVT system.
In addition, the invention also provides an operation method of the PVT light-heat storage type water source heat pump system, which comprises the following specific steps:
the PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system mainly takes a heat collector 26 of the PVT system as a heat source, and the water source heat pump is used for auxiliary heating. When the hot water using load is not large or the sunshine condition is good and the temperature of the heat collector 26 of the PVT system is high, the water source heat pump can be started without directly supplying the hot water in the heat collector 26 of the PVT system for users. At the moment, the system only needs to consume little electric energy, and the heat energy utilization rate of the system is high. When the solar energy is insufficient or the water temperature in the intelligent heat storage tank 16 cannot meet the use requirement due to reasons such as circulation heat dissipation and the like, the heat pump is automatically started to heat to the set temperature so as to ensure the use of hot water or heat.
The PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system adopts a constant temperature heating mode, under the condition of sufficient illumination, the intelligent main control panel 2 controls the electric control valves 18 of the inlet and outlet of the evaporator 7 and the inlet and outlet of the condenser 13 to be closed, opens the electric control valve 18 of the inlet and outlet of one path of the intelligent heat storage tank 16, starts the heat source side straight water pump 15 to circulate, cold water enters the top of the heat collector 26 of the PVT system, and simultaneously hot water at the bottom of the heat collector 26 of the PVT system is fed into the intelligent heat storage tank 16; when the water temperature of the heat collector 26 of the PVT system is lower than the set temperature, the intelligent main control panel 2 adjusts the frequency conversion of the direct-current water pump 15, so that hot water reaching the set temperature is continuously sent into the intelligent heat storage tank 16 to be heated in a circulating mode. Night mode:
when the water temperature of the heat collector 26 of the PVT system is higher than the water temperature of the intelligent heat storage tank 16, the intelligent main control panel 2 controls the starting of the direct-current water pump 15, so that water with a lower temperature in the heat storage water tank is pumped into the heat collector 26 of the PVT system to be continuously heated, and meanwhile, hot water with a higher temperature in the heat collector 26 of the PVT system is sent back to the intelligent heat storage tank 16. The solar energy absorbed by the heat collector 26 of the PVT system is stored by raising the water temperature of the intelligent thermal storage tank 16.
As shown in fig. 3, the PVT light-heat storage type water source heat pump system can be used in series, the first stage adopts a high-temperature photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 27, the second stage adopts a common photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20, when the light is sufficient and the temperature of water in the heat collector 26 of the PVT system is high, the water with high temperature in the heat collector 26 firstly enters the high-temperature photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 27, and then is sent to the common photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 after heat exchange, the temperature of the water after heat exchange can be reduced to 15-20 ℃, and then is sent back to the heat collector 26 to continuously absorb light and heat. As shown in fig. 4, the PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system can be used in parallel, N PVT systems are divided into N groups according to the system electricity and heat load, and are connected to the water separator 28 and the water collector 29, and the water separator 28 and the water collector 29 are connected to the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit 20 connected in parallel.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Claims (8)
1. The PVT light and heat storage type water source heat pump system is characterized by comprising a plurality of PVT systems, a plurality of photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump units and a plurality of users, wherein the PVT systems are connected in series or in parallel with the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump units and are connected with water pipelines for the users, and each PVT system comprises a photovoltaic solar panel and a heat collector arranged behind the photovoltaic solar panel.
2. The PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to claim 1, further comprising a sound-absorbing enclosure, wherein the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit is arranged in the sound-absorbing enclosure; the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit comprises an evaporator, a four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a direct-current variable frequency compressor, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, an intelligent heat storage tank and a low-temperature water storage tank;
the first outlet of the evaporator is communicated with a first interface of a four-way valve, a second interface of the four-way valve is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, the outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the inlet of the direct-current variable-frequency compressor, the outlet of the direct-current variable-frequency compressor is communicated with a third interface of the four-way valve, a fourth interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the first inlet of the condenser, the first outlet of the condenser is communicated with the inlet of the liquid storage tank, and the outlet of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the first inlet of the evaporator;
a first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank is communicated with a second inlet of the condenser, a second outlet of the condenser is communicated with a first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank, the second inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank is communicated with an outlet on the user side, and the second outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank is communicated with the inlet on the user side;
the low-temperature water storage tank is connected with the evaporator;
an outlet of a heat collector of the PVT system is respectively communicated with a second inlet of the evaporator and a third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank through a tee joint;
and an inlet of a heat collector of the PVT system is respectively communicated with a second outlet of the evaporator and a third outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank through a tee joint.
3. The PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to claim 2, wherein an aerogel thermal insulation layer is sprayed on the heat collector, the low temperature water storage tank and the intelligent heat storage tank.
4. The PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system of claim 3, wherein an expansion valve and a filter are further disposed between the outlet of the liquid storage tank and the first inlet of the evaporator; a direct-current water pump and an electric control valve are arranged between the first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the second inlet of the condenser; an electric control valve is arranged between the first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the second outlet of the condenser; a direct-current water pump is arranged between the second outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the user side inlet; and electric control valves are respectively arranged at the second inlet of the evaporator, the third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank, the second outlet of the evaporator and the third outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank.
5. The PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to claim 4, wherein the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit further comprises an intelligent main control panel, an intelligent electric storage box and a direct-current driving module, the photovoltaic solar panel is electrically connected with the intelligent main control panel, the intelligent electric storage box and the direct-current driving module respectively, and the direct-current driving module is electrically connected with the direct-current water pump, the direct-current variable frequency compressor and the electric control valve respectively.
6. The PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to claim 5, wherein the photovoltaic solar panel control system is integrated in an intelligent main control panel of the DC water source heat pump unit, the intelligent main control panel respectively controls the DC driving module, the intelligent electric storage box and the photovoltaic solar panel, and the intelligent electric storage box can respectively supply power to the intelligent main control panel and the DC driving module.
7. The PVT photo-thermal storage type water source heat pump system according to claim 6, wherein the DC driving module is connected with a first AC/DC inverter, and the first AC/DC inverter is connected with a commercial power; the intelligent electricity storage box is connected with a second alternating current-direct current inverter, and the second alternating current-direct current inverter is electrically connected with the external electric interface.
8. A method for operating a PVT optical thermal storage type water source heat pump system, comprising the PVT optical thermal storage type water source heat pump system of claim 7, the method comprising:
when the illumination is sufficient, the intelligent main control panel controls the electric control valves of the inlet and the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet and the outlet of the condenser to be closed, the intelligent main control panel simultaneously controls the electric control valves of the third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the third inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank to be opened, the direct-current water pump is started, cold water is introduced into the top of a heat collector of the PVT system from the intelligent heat storage tank, and hot water at the bottom of the heat collector of the PVT system is fed into the intelligent heat storage tank;
when the illumination is insufficient or at night, the intelligent main control panel controls the electric control valves of the inlet and the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet and the outlet of the condenser to be opened, the intelligent main control panel simultaneously controls the electric control valves of the first lower outlet of the intelligent heat storage tank and the first upper inlet of the intelligent heat storage tank to be opened, and the intelligent main control panel controls the photovoltaic direct-drive water source heat pump unit to start heating, so that the water temperature in the intelligent heat storage tank reaches the set temperature.
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