CN114737001A - Method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by using hole resonance in blast furnace - Google Patents

Method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by using hole resonance in blast furnace Download PDF

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CN114737001A
CN114737001A CN202210404731.7A CN202210404731A CN114737001A CN 114737001 A CN114737001 A CN 114737001A CN 202210404731 A CN202210404731 A CN 202210404731A CN 114737001 A CN114737001 A CN 114737001A
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iron
characteristic frequency
blast furnace
furnace
resonance
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CN114737001B (en
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金焱
刘子钰
林鹏
黄京宇
李军
吴健舟
李晓婷
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B2005/005—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by pore resonance in a blast furnace, which solves the problem that the utilization rate of hydrogen in the existing blast furnace gas needs to be improved. The technical proposal is that a resonance body is added into the iron-containing furnace charge of the blast furnace, and the size of the resonance body of the iron-containing furnace charge in the blast furnace is adjusted to ensure that the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of a product layer of the iron-containing furnace chargepCharacteristic frequency f of coal gas between iron-containing furnace chargesAnd the characteristic frequency f of the resonatorrThe following relationship is formed: for fr∈fsLet f ber＝fp. The method is simple and reliable, and can effectively improve the utilization rate of hydrogen in the coal gas, strengthen the reduction degree of the hydrogen in the blast furnace and reduce the carbon emission of the blast furnace.

Description

Method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by using hole resonance in blast furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of blast furnace smelting, in particular to a method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by using pore resonance in a blast furnace.
Background
Blast furnace smelting is a key link for reducing carbon emission of iron and steel enterprises. The practice of natural gas injection in the tuyere area has been carried out abroad, and as a result, the fuel ratio can be stably lower than 460kg/t iron after natural gas injection, and the natural gas injection is a high-quality injection fuel, but the cost is higher than that of coal powder injection, so the natural gas injection is gradually eliminated. In order to actively cope with the increasingly severe environment-friendly situation, the countries make efforts all over the world, corresponding measures are taken, relevant technologies are actively researched and developed, and certain blast furnace iron-making energy-saving emission-reduction innovative projects and technologies are developed or applied, such as: top gas circulating oxygen blast furnace iron making, blast furnace hydrogen-rich gas blast iron making and pure hydrogen iron making.
In recent years, in order to achieve the aim of carbon neutralization by reducing carbon emission, a blast furnace tuyere hydrogen-rich blowing technology is vigorously developed, and the ratio of hydrogen in blast furnace gas is higher and higher. According to the COURSE50 project promoted from 2008, the existing blast furnace is modified, hydrogen (generated by modifying coke oven gas) is used for replacing part of coke to be used as a reducing agent, direct reduced iron is used for replacing part of iron ore, and the improvement project is verified to reduce the emission by 10% on the Junjin test blast furnace of the east japan iron making institute.
The hydrogen is adopted to replace coke and coal as an ironmaking reducing agent, so that the problem of carbon emission can be solved from the source. In recent years, the research of pure hydrogen iron-making technology draws high attention at home and abroad. The technology utilizes hydrogen to replace coke as a reducing agent to directly reduce iron ore, and zero carbon emission is achieved.
Based on the technology, how to enhance the utilization rate of hydrogen in blast furnace gas and reduce carbon emission is a key direction for the research of technicians. The common point can be seen from the existing low-carbon iron-making technology, namely, the top gas needs to be recycled. The reason is that: the reduction speed of hydrogen in the indirect reduction stage of iron oxide can not meet the requirement of ironmaking productivity, and the hydrogen needs to be recycled. This increases the complexity of the iron-making process, increases the cost, and also limits the competitiveness of the steel plant. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to effectively increase the hydrogen reduction rate in the indirect reduction stage of iron oxide, especially to greatly increase the hydrogen reduction rate in the presence of CO.
According to the calculation of chemical equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium, the reaction temperature reaches over 1000 ℃, and carbon in the blast furnace can rapidly reduce water vapor so that the positive reaction of hydrogen reduction is difficult to carry out and cannot participate in the reduction of iron oxide. The reaction temperature is below 1000 ℃, the iron-containing furnace charge in the blast furnace mainly exists in a solid block form, and hydrogen in the blast furnace gas diffuses to a reaction surface through pores of a reduction product layer of the iron-containing furnace charge. Because the diameter of the pores in the reduction product layer is less than 100 micrometers, reactants and reaction products cannot transfer substances through convection and can only be transferred to a reaction surface through a diffusion effect, the comprehensive resistance of the reduction reaction is high, and a large amount of hydrogen cannot be diffused to the pores of the iron-containing furnace charge product layer and is carried away by coal gas flow. Therefore, the carbon-rich environment of the blast furnace results in low utilization rate of hydrogen in the coal gas, and iron oxide reduced by hydrogen is far less than that reduced by carbon monoxide, which is a bottleneck of reducing carbon emission of the blast furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by hole resonance in a blast furnace, which is simple and reliable, can effectively improve the utilization rate of hydrogen in coal gas, strengthen the reduction degree of hydrogen in the blast furnace and reduce the carbon emission of the blast furnace.
The method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by pore resonance in the blast furnace comprises the following steps: adding resonance body into iron-containing furnace charge of blast furnace, and regulating size of resonance body to make the product layer of iron-containing furnace charge have pneumatic noise characteristic frequency fpCharacteristic frequency f of coal gas between iron-containing furnace chargesAnd the characteristic frequency f of the resonatorrThe following relationship is formed: for fr∈fsLet f ber＝fp。
The following relationship is also satisfied simultaneously: n x fp＝fsWherein n is an integer.
The pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing furnace burden product layerpThe method comprises the following steps:
randomly sampling iron-containing furnace burden, measuring the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency data of the product layer of the sample by using a vibration meter, and drawing by using the frequency as an abscissa and using a sound pressure levelIs a graph of a vertical coordinate, and the frequency value corresponding to the highest point of the value is selected from the graph, namely the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing furnace charge product layerp。
Based on fr＝fpWhen the characteristic frequency f of the resonator is selectedrNot satisfying fr∈fsWhen the condition is met, selecting a frequency value corresponding to a second high point of the numerical value from the map again as the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing furnace charge product layerp(ii) a And so on until the characteristic frequency f of the resonance bodyrSatisfy fr∈fsThe conditions of (1).
Wherein the characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing burden-space gassIs a constantly changing value, and the range of the changing value of the coal gas with different compositions is slightly different, and can be known by those skilled in the art by looking up relevant documents or textbooks.
The research of the invention finds that: according to the calculation of chemical equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium, the reaction temperature reaches over 1000 ℃, and carbon in the blast furnace can rapidly reduce water vapor so that the positive reaction of hydrogen reduction is difficult to carry out and cannot participate in the reduction of iron oxide. The reaction temperature is below 1000 ℃, the iron-containing furnace charge in the blast furnace mainly exists in a solid block form, and hydrogen in the blast furnace gas diffuses to a reaction surface through pores of a reduction product layer of the iron-containing furnace charge. Because the diameter of the pores in the reduction product layer is less than 100 micrometers, reactants and reaction products cannot transfer substances through convection and can only be transferred to a reaction surface through a diffusion effect, the comprehensive resistance of the reduction reaction is high, and a large amount of hydrogen cannot be diffused to the pores of the iron-containing furnace charge product layer and is carried away by coal gas flow. Therefore, the carbon-rich environment of the blast furnace results in a lower utilization of hydrogen in the gas, and the iron oxide reduced by hydrogen is much less than that reduced by carbon monoxide. This is the bottleneck of reducing carbon emissions in blast furnaces.
In order to solve the technical problem, the inventor adds a resonance body into the iron-containing furnace charge of the blast furnace according to the resonance relation, and obtains a specific frequency by adjusting the size of the resonance body in the blast furnace so that the specific frequency is the same as the characteristic frequency of the aerodynamic noise of the gaps of the product layer of the iron-containing furnace charge (f)r＝fp) Thereby can formAnd resonance, so that the gas pulsation with the same frequency in the pores of the iron-containing furnace material can be amplified. Since the characteristic frequency of blast furnace gas is constantly changing within a certain range, the characteristic frequency f of gas between iron-bearing chargessWith the characteristic frequency f of the aerodynamic noise of the product layer of the iron-containing chargepWhen the gas pressure in the gaps between the iron-containing furnace materials is in integral multiple at a certain time point, the gas pressure is greatly fluctuated, and the pumping effect generated by the pressure difference drives the airflow in the gaps to flow in an accelerated way. The enhanced gas pulsation in the pores of the iron-containing furnace burden can greatly enhance the material exchange capacity between the gas in the pores of the iron-containing furnace burden product layer and the high-speed gas flow at the gaps between the iron-containing furnace burden, and because the size of hydrogen molecules is far smaller than that of carbon monoxide molecules, the enhancement action in the pores of the iron-containing furnace burden product layer with the diameter smaller than 100 microns is more biased to the hydrogen molecules, so that the conveying amount of the hydrogen in the pores of the iron-containing furnace burden product layer is greatly increased, and the reduction degree of the hydrogen in the blast furnace is finally enhanced.
Further, the inventor researches and discovers that a gas fluctuation curve in a pore can be obtained by measuring a sample of the iron-containing furnace burden of the blast furnace, a graph with frequency as abscissa and sound pressure level as ordinate is drawn, a frequency value corresponding to the highest numerical value is found in the graph, and the frequency value is used as the characteristic frequency f of the pneumatic noise of the iron-containing furnace burden product layerpWhen the method is used, the resonance pumping effect can be effectively formed by strengthening the method, and the reduction degree of hydrogen in the furnace is obviously improved.
Based on fr＝fpThus when obtaining the characteristic frequency f of aerodynamic noise of the product layer of iron-containing chargepThat is, the characteristic frequency f of the resonator can be obtainedrBy performing the reverse estimation, the characteristic frequency f of the resonator satisfying the setting can be obtained by calculationrThe calculation of the required dimensions of the resonator is known in the art and will not be described in detail here.
The method can effectively improve the reduction speed of hydrogen in the indirect reduction stage of the iron oxide, particularly greatly improve the reduction speed of the hydrogen under the condition of coexistence with CO, greatly enhance the utilization rate of the hydrogen in the blast furnace gas and reduce the carbon emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of resonance frequency spectra.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency of iron-containing charge (15mm) pellets.
Fig. 3A is a velocity change diagram before noise resonance intensification.
Fig. 3B is a velocity change diagram after noise resonance intensification.
FIG. 4 is a cloud diagram of velocity variations after noise resonance enhancement according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a cloud diagram comparing the speed change after the grin resonance is strengthened.
1-a layer of iron-containing charge product; 2-iron-containing furnace burden product layer pores; 3-iron-containing furnace burden; 4-gas flow; 5-a resonator; characteristic frequency f of 6-resonatorr(ii) a 7-characteristic frequency f of the gass(ii) a 8-characteristic frequency f of aerodynamic noise of product layer pore of iron-containing furnace chargep。
Detailed Description
Example 1:
description of the principle: with reference to figure 1 of the drawings,when the characteristic frequency of the aerodynamic noise of the iron-containing furnace charge product layer pore space is 8When the wave motion is in integral multiple relation with the characteristic frequency 7 of the coal gas, the pumping effect in the pores is greatly enhanced, the exchange of substances inside and outside the pores 2 of the iron-containing furnace charge product layer is enhanced, particularly the substance exchange capacity of hydrogen molecules is enhanced, more hydrogen molecules reach a reaction interface through the iron-containing furnace charge product layer 1, the reduction reaction of hydrogen in the blast furnace is effectively enhanced, and the carbon emission of the blast furnace is reduced.
Taking the iron-containing furnace charge pellet ore (15mm) as an example, randomly sampling the iron-containing furnace charge, measuring the data of the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency of a product layer of the sample by using a vibration meter (Victor/VC63B), drawing a graph with the frequency as a horizontal coordinate and the sound pressure level as a vertical coordinate, referring to fig. 2, and selecting a frequency value corresponding to the highest point (circled position in the graph) of the value on the graph, namely the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing furnace charge product layerpIt can be seen from the graph that the response frequency of the maximum (highest point) of the fluctuation amplitude of the pellet having a diameter size of 15mm is 4024 Hz.
Due to the characteristic frequency f of the pneumatic noise of the product layer of the iron-containing burdenpResonance bodyCharacteristic frequency f ofrSo that the characteristic frequency f of the resonator body to be designed is requiredrShould also be 4024 Hz;
further looking up the data, the characteristic frequency f of the coal gas between the iron-containing furnace charges in the blast furnacesHas a normal fluctuation range of 10000Hz to 200000Hz, and the response frequency (4024Hz) is too small to satisfy fr∈fsSo that the response frequency 20087Hz corresponding to the second highest point (the second highest point, which is circled in the figure) is selected again from the map shown in FIG. 2 as the characteristic frequency f of the resonatorrDuring the reduction process, the following relation n x f is satisfiedp＝fsWherein, when n is an integer, the material exchange strengthening effect is remarkable.
At the characteristic frequency f of the resonant bodyrAfter the requirement, the person skilled in the art can reasonably design the characteristic frequency f meeting the above-mentioned resonance bodyrThe required resonance bodies with different sizes can be added into iron-containing furnace burden pellets (15mm) in the blast furnace to participate in resonance, and the design method is the prior art.
In the present embodiment, as an example, when the diameter of the cylindrical resonator is given as 20mm, the characteristic frequency f of the resonator is given when the length of the resonator does not exceed 70mmrThe relationship with the length is shown as the following formula:
fr＝-19054.05*l+531.57*l2-6.67*l3+0.03*l4+290375.68
the final dimensions of the resonator designed in this example are a circular diameter of 20mm at the bottom and a height of 55 mm.
For example, fig. 3 shows the calculation result of the noise model without adding the resonance body, fig. 3A shows the variation of the velocity of the resonance body added into the pore space, and fig. 3B shows that the addition of the resonance body effectively increases the velocity of the gas in the pore space of the pellet ore, that is, increases the mass exchange rate of the gas in the pore space and the surrounding gas flow. The velocity values extracted at the same horizontal position are plotted in a curve as shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that after the resonance body is added, the velocity in the pore space of the iron-containing furnace charge has a sharp acceleration effect, the velocity is increased by more than 5 times of the original velocity, the closer to the interface position of the coal gas flow and the iron-containing furnace charge, the larger the velocity change of the air flow in the pore space is, and the effective evidence is that the material exchange capacity of the air flow in the pore space and the capacity of transporting the coal gas to an unreacted nuclear interface can be greatly enhanced under the condition of resonance by the pumping action, so that the utilization efficiency of the hydrogen reducing agent is increased, and the purpose of emission reduction is achieved.
Comparative example 2:
in the present embodiment, as an example, when the diameter of the cylindrical resonator is 20mm, the characteristic frequency f of the resonator is given when the length of the resonator does not exceed 70mmrThe relationship with the length is shown as the following formula:
fr＝-19054.05*l+531.57*l2-6.67*l3+0.03*l4+290375.68
the response frequency was 35000Hz, and the spectrum shown in FIG. 2 was at the lower peak, and the final dimensions of the corresponding resonator in this example were 20mm in diameter of the circular base and 35mm in height.
After the resonance body described in this embodiment is added to the iron-containing charge pellets and the noise model is added, the velocity value is extracted at the same horizontal position and a curve is plotted as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the velocity in the pores of the iron-containing charge after the resonance body is added almost coincides with the original velocity curve, and only the enhancement effect is generated near the interface position between the gas flow and the iron-containing charge so that the velocity of the gas flow in the pores is accelerated, and therefore, the resonance is formed only at the position with the maximum sound pressure level, so that the effect of greatly enhancing can be achieved.

Claims (4)

1. A method for strengthening hydrogen reduction by using resonance of pores in a blast furnace is characterized in that a resonance body is added into iron-containing furnace charges of the blast furnace, and the size of the resonance body of the iron-containing furnace charges in the blast furnace is adjusted to enable the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of a product layer of the iron-containing furnace charges to be fpCharacteristic frequency f of coal gas between iron-containing furnace chargesAnd the characteristic frequency f of the resonatorrThe following relationship is formed: for fr∈fsLet f ber＝fp。
2. The method for blast furnace pore resonance enhanced hydrogen reduction according to claim 1, further simultaneously satisfying the following relationship: n x fp＝fsWherein n is an integer.
3. The method for performing resonance-enhanced hydrogen reduction on pores in a blast furnace as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the aerodynamic noise characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing charge product layerpThe method comprises the following steps:
randomly sampling the iron-containing furnace burden, measuring the data of the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency of the product layer of the sample by using a vibration meter, drawing a map with the frequency as an abscissa and the sound pressure level as an ordinate, and selecting a frequency value corresponding to the highest value on the map as the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing furnace burden product layerp。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein f is the basis ofr＝fpWhen the characteristic frequency f of the resonator is selectedrNot satisfying fr∈fsWhen the condition is met, selecting a frequency value corresponding to a next highest point of the numerical values from the map again as the pneumatic noise characteristic frequency f of the iron-containing furnace charge product layerp(ii) a And so on until the characteristic frequency f of the resonance bodyrSatisfy fr∈fsThe conditions of (1).
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JP2015021949A (en) * 2013-07-23 2015-02-02 三菱重工業株式会社 Sound velocity measuring instrument, gas turbine facility, and sound velocity measurement method
WO2021239149A1 (en) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 System and method using resonance shockwaves to transform coalbed methane reservoir
CN113954203A (en) * 2021-11-01 2022-01-21 北京科技大学 Method for preparing high-strength artificial marble by using low-calorific-value coal ash through excitation activation

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