CN114736597A - Bionic porous cavitation-resistant coating and coating - Google Patents
Bionic porous cavitation-resistant coating and coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN114736597A CN114736597A CN202210335441.1A CN202210335441A CN114736597A CN 114736597 A CN114736597 A CN 114736597A CN 202210335441 A CN202210335441 A CN 202210335441A CN 114736597 A CN114736597 A CN 114736597A
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
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- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
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- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
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- C08G18/6681—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6685—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or polyamines of C08G18/38
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
Abstract
A bionic porous cavitation erosion resistant coating and a coating thereof belong to the technical field of cavitation erosion resistant coatings. The coating consists of a primer and a finish, wherein the primer is modified polyurethane with a porous structure, has a natural porous structure, effectively buffers cavitation shock waves through a cavity, and reduces fatigue damage of the coating caused by pressure mutation. Meanwhile, the fluorine hydroxyl-containing silicone oil is soft, and can effectively buffer external impact, so that the primer has high hydrophobicity and can effectively resist water, and the coating is prevented from losing efficacy due to the invasion of moisture. The finish paint is a layer of polyurethane containing graphene, the hardness and tensile strength of the coating and the heat resistance and heat dissipation capacity of the coating can be effectively improved by adding the graphene, the cavitation erosion impact resistance is effectively improved, the instantaneous high temperature generated by cavitation bubble breakage is quickly transferred into seawater through heat conduction, and the service life of the coating is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cavitation erosion resistant coatings.
Background
Cavitation erosion is a particular form of wear and corrosion that commonly occurs on the surfaces of marine components such as pumps, marine propellers and turbine blades. The maximum pressure generated by the collapse of bubbles caused by cavitation can reach 1500MPa, the frequency is as high as 10 kilohertz, the periodic high pressure generally causes instantaneous high temperature (300 ℃) and large impact force, and the local surface of the material can be rapidly fatigued. When a high-speed water flow is generated on the surface of an underwater part, a large amount of bubbles and micro-jets are generated by the water flow due to uneven pressure. The surface of the material can be repeatedly impacted by bubbles and micro-jet, so that pitting corrosion and gaps can be generated, the strength of the material is sharply reduced, the service life of the material is influenced, and the normal and safe operation of the component is seriously threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the phenomenon, the invention provides a bionic porous cavitation erosion resistant coating and a coating, the coating consists of a primer and a finish,
wherein the primer consists of a primer prepolymer solution, a chain extender and a solvent; the monomer of the primer prepolymer solution comprises polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol (PTMG), toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) and double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane (F-PDMS), the theoretical content of NCO in the primer prepolymer solution is 7% -9%, the mass ratio of F-PDMS to PTMG is 3-5%, and the optimal content is 5%. The mass ratio of the solvent to the primer prepolymer solution is 1: 5-2: 100, and the solvent is one or a mixture of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, DMF, toluene, isopropanol and acetone. The chain extender consists of 1, 4-Butanediol (BDO) and 3,3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane (MoCA), and the molar ratio of BDO to MoCA is 1: 1; the mass ratio of the chain extender to the primer prepolymer solution is 6.5-7.5: 1.
The finish paint consists of graphene dispersion liquid, a finish paint prepolymer solution and a chain extender; the mass-volume ratio concentration of the graphene dispersion liquid is 0.5 mg/mL-1 mg/mL, and the dispersion liquid solvent is one or a combination of more of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, DMF, toluene, isopropanol and acetone; the mass ratio of the graphene to the finishing paint prepolymer solution is 1-5 wt%, and the optimal mass ratio is 4 wt%; the monomer of the finishing paint prepolymer solution comprises polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol (PTMG) and diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI), and the theoretical content of NCO in the finishing paint prepolymer solution is 3% -4%; the mass ratio of the finish paint prepolymer solution to the chain extender is 25-27: 1; the chain extender is BDO.
The molecular weight of PTMG is preferably 1000, and the molecular weight of F-PDMS is preferably 1000.
The preparation method of the bionic porous anti-cavitation paint and the coating comprises the following specific steps:
preparation of primer
1) Weighing PTMG, F-PDMS, TDI, BDO, MoCA and solvent according to the proportion;
2) pouring PTMG and F-PDMS into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, distilling at 120 deg.C under 0.093MPa for 2h, cooling to 60 deg.C, bottling, sealing and storing.
3) Pouring the TDI solution into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring PTMG into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at a speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring that the temperature of 50 ℃ continues to react for 30-60min after the dropping of the PTMG is finished, monitoring the temperature of the solution, beginning to pour the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the constant-pressure dropping funnel and dropping the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the four-neck flask at a speed of 1-20 drops/s if the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, heating the temperature of the oil bath to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 85 ℃, then carrying out constant-temperature reaction for 3h, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing to obtain the primer prepolymer solution.
4) Mixing BDO and MoCA to be used as a chain extender, vacuumizing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven, and heating the mixture to 110 ℃ to melt the MoCA to obtain the chain extender.
5) And mixing the primer prepolymer solution with a solvent, and fully stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
6) And mixing the primer prepolymer solution, the solvent mixed solution and the chain extender according to a ratio, quickly stirring for 15min, and vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring to obtain the primer.
Preparation of second and top coats
1) And pouring the graphene into the solvent, and continuously performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to disperse the graphene in the solvent to obtain the graphene dispersion liquid.
2) And (2) pouring MDI into the four-neck flask, heating the oil bath to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, then pouring PTMG into a constant pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring the temperature of 50 ℃ to continue to react for 30-60min after the PTMG is dropped, monitoring the temperature of the solution, raising the temperature of the oil bath to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 80 ℃ if the temperature of the solution is reduced to be below 50 ℃, then reacting for 3h at constant temperature, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing.
3) And (3) mixing the finish paint prepolymer solution with the graphene dispersion liquid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, and then continuously stirring for 4 hours to obtain a mixed solution.
4) And mixing the mixed solution with a chain extender BDO, rapidly stirring for 15min, and vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring to obtain the finish paint.
Preparation of coating
1) The primer is coated on the substrate by brushing, blade coating or spraying, and vulcanized for 4 hours at 75 ℃ to ensure that the coating is in a semi-cured state and has the thickness of 300 micrometers.
2) And (3) coating the finish paint on the semi-cured primer by brushing, blade coating or spraying, and vulcanizing at 110 ℃ for 12 hours to cure the coating, wherein the thickness is 200 micrometers.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the bionic porous cavitation-resistant coating and the coating provided by the invention have the advantages that the primer is modified polyurethane with a porous structure and has a natural porous structure, the surface tension of the fluorine-containing hydroxyl silicone oil modified polyurethane is higher, and in the solidification process, tiny bubbles in the coating expand under heat but cannot break through the surface tension of the primer, so that larger and more cavities are generated in the primer, no foaming agent is required to be added, and the cost is saved. The cavity effectively buffers cavitation shock waves, and reduces fatigue damage of the coating caused by pressure mutation. Meanwhile, the fluorine hydroxyl-containing silicone oil is soft, and can effectively buffer external impact, so that the primer has high hydrophobicity and can effectively resist water, and the coating is prevented from losing efficacy due to the invasion of moisture.
The finish paint is a layer of polyurethane containing graphene, and the purpose of adding the graphene is two, firstly, the hardness and tensile strength of the coating can be effectively improved by adding the graphene in the coating, and the cavitation erosion impact resistance can be effectively improved; secondly, add graphite alkene can improve the heat-resisting and heat-sinking capability of coating, with the high temperature in the twinkling of an eye that cavitation bubble breaks the production transmit into the sea water through heat-conduction fast, improve the life of coating. The substrate of the finish coat is MDI polyurethane with benzene rings, and the polyurethane has higher apparent hardness and better rebound resilience. The higher hardness and resilience can effectively resist the shock wave resistance of the coating and prevent the fatigue failure of the coating.
The invention can effectively resist and buffer continuous impact caused by cavitation bubble fracture by utilizing the matching of the primer and the finish paint, and simultaneously resist huge high temperature caused by cavitation bubble fracture, thereby preventing the coating from aging and fatigue damage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the coating of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the invention is further explained and illustrated in the form of specific embodiments.
Examples
(1) Pouring PTMG1000 into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, distilling under reduced pressure for 2h at 120 ℃ and 0.093MPa vacuum degree, cooling to 60 ℃, bottling, sealing and storing.
(2) Pouring fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane (F-PDMS) at the two ends into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, distilling at 120 ℃ under 0.093MPa vacuum degree for 2h under reduced pressure, cooling to 60 ℃, bottling, sealing and storing.
(3) Pouring 40g of TDI 100 solution into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath pot to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring 90g of PTMG into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring the temperature of 50 ℃ to continue to react for 30-60min after the dropping of the PTMG is completed, monitoring the temperature of the solution, beginning to pour 4.7g of double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the constant-pressure dropping funnel and dropping the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s when the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, raising the temperature of the oil bath pot to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 85 ℃, then carrying out constant-temperature reaction for 3h, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing to obtain the primer prepolymer solution.
(4) Weighing 8g of BOD and 12g of MoCA mixed solution as a chain extender, vacuumizing in a vacuum drying oven and heating to 110 ℃ to melt MoCA.
(5) The prepolymer was mixed with 14g of DMF and stirred thoroughly after mixing to mix the solvent and solute thoroughly.
(6) And (3) mixing the prepolymer and solvent mixed solution with the chain extender obtained in the step (4), quickly stirring for 15min, vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring, coating the solution on a substrate by using a brush, and vulcanizing at 75 ℃ for 4h to enable the coating to be in a semi-cured state, wherein the thickness of the coating is 300 microns.
(7) 2g of graphene was poured into 2000ml of solvent and subjected to continuous sonication for 4 hours, so that the graphene was dispersed in the solvent.
(8) Pouring 20g of MDI into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring 50g of PTMG into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring the temperature of 50 ℃ to continue to react for 30-60min after the dropping of the PTMG is finished, monitoring the temperature of the solution, raising the temperature of the oil bath to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 80 ℃ if the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, reacting for 3h at constant temperature, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing.
(9) And (5) mixing the prepolymer solution in the step (8) with the graphene dispersion solution in the step (7), performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, and then continuously stirring for 4 hours to volatilize the solvent.
(10) And (3) mixing the prepolymer solution containing graphene in the step (9) with 2.7g of BDO, quickly stirring for 15min, vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring, coating the solution on a semi-cured primer in a brushing, blade coating or spraying manner, and vulcanizing at 110 ℃ for 12h to cure the coating, wherein the thickness of the finish is 200 microns.
Comparative example 1 (primer)
(1) Pouring PTMG1000 into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, distilling under reduced pressure for 2h at 120 ℃ and 0.093MPa vacuum degree, cooling to 60 ℃, bottling, sealing and storing.
(2) Pouring fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane (F-PDMS) at the two ends into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, distilling at 120 ℃ under 0.093MPa vacuum degree for 2h under reduced pressure, cooling to 60 ℃, bottling, sealing and storing.
(3) Pouring 40g of TDI 100 solution into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath pot to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring 90g of PTMG into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring the temperature of 50 ℃ to continue to react for 30-60min after the dropping of the PTMG is completed, monitoring the temperature of the solution, beginning to pour 4.7g of double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the constant-pressure dropping funnel and dropping the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s when the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, raising the temperature of the oil bath pot to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 85 ℃, then carrying out constant-temperature reaction for 3h, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing to obtain the primer prepolymer solution. .
(4) Weighing 8g of BOD and 12g of MoCA mixed solution as a chain extender, vacuumizing in a vacuum drying oven and heating to 110 ℃ to melt the MoCA.
(5) The prepolymer was mixed with 14g of DMF and the mixture was stirred thoroughly to mix the solvent and solute thoroughly.
(6) And (3) mixing the prepolymer and solvent mixed solution with the chain extender obtained in the step (4), quickly stirring for 15min, vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring, coating the solution on a substrate by using a brush, and vulcanizing at 100 ℃ for 12h to enable the coating to be in a cured state, wherein the thickness of the coating is 500 microns.
Comparative example 2 (topcoat)
(1) Pouring 20g of MDI into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring 50g of PTMG into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring the temperature of 50 ℃ to continue to react for 30-60min after the dropping of the PTMG is finished, monitoring the temperature of the solution, raising the temperature of the oil bath to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 80 ℃ if the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, reacting for 3h at constant temperature, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing.
(2) 2g of graphene was poured into 2000ml of solvent and subjected to continuous sonication for 4 hours, so that the graphene was dispersed in the solvent.
(3) And (3) mixing the prepolymer solution in the step (1) with the graphene dispersion solution in the step (2), performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, and then continuously stirring for 4 hours to volatilize the solvent.
(2) And (3) mixing the prepolymer solution containing graphene in the step (3) with 2.7g of BDO, quickly stirring for 15min, vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring, coating the solution on a substrate in a brush coating manner, and vulcanizing at 110 ℃ for 12h to cure the coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is 500 microns.
Comparative example 3 (without graphene)
(1) Pouring PTMG1000 into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, distilling under reduced pressure for 2h at 120 ℃ and 0.093MPa vacuum degree, cooling to 60 ℃, bottling, sealing and storing.
(2) Pouring fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane (F-PDMS) at the two ends into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, distilling at 120 ℃ under 0.093MPa vacuum degree for 2h under reduced pressure, cooling to 60 ℃, bottling, sealing and storing.
(3) Pouring 40g of TDI 100 solution into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath pot to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring 90g of PTMG into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring the temperature of 50 ℃ to continue to react for 30-60min after the dropping of the PTMG is completed, monitoring the temperature of the solution, beginning to pour 4.7g of double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the constant-pressure dropping funnel and dropping the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s when the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, raising the temperature of the oil bath pot to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 85 ℃, then carrying out constant-temperature reaction for 3h, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing to obtain the primer prepolymer solution.
(4) Weighing 8g of BOD and 12g of MoCA mixed solution as a chain extender, vacuumizing in a vacuum drying oven and heating to 110 ℃ to melt the MoCA.
(5) The prepolymer was mixed with 14g of DMF and stirred thoroughly after mixing to mix the solvent and solute thoroughly.
(6) And (3) mixing the prepolymer and solvent mixed solution with the chain extender obtained in the step (4), quickly stirring for 15min, vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring, coating the solution on a substrate by using a brush, and vulcanizing at 75 ℃ for 4h to enable the coating to be in a semi-cured state, wherein the thickness of the coating is 300 microns.
(7) Pouring 20g of MDI into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring 50g of PTMG into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the PTMG into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring the temperature of 50 ℃ to continue to react for 30-60min after the dropping of the PTMG is finished, monitoring the temperature of the solution, raising the temperature of the oil bath to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 80 ℃ if the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, reacting for 3h at constant temperature, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, sealing and storing.
(8) And (3) mixing the prepolymer solution in the step (7) with 2.7g of BDO, quickly stirring for 15min, vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring, coating the solution on the semi-cured primer in a brushing, blade coating or spraying manner, and vulcanizing at 110 ℃ for 12h to cure the coating, wherein the thickness of the finish paint is 200 microns.
The NCO content of the primer prepolymer solution is 7% -9%, so that the high-efficiency mechanical property and cavitation erosion resistance of the primer prepolymer solution are guaranteed. As the content of the hard segment in the system is increased along with the increase of the content of the NCO group in the prepolymer, the content of the benzene ring, the carbamate group and the allophanate group in the polyurethane is increased, so that the tensile strength and the hardness of the polyurethane are improved, and the cavitation erosion resistance of the polyurethane can be effectively improved by properly improving the tensile strength and the hardness of the polyurethane.
The mass ratio of the PTMG to the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane is 3-5%, wherein the optimal mass ratio is 5%. The addition of the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl dimethyl siloxane improves the micro-phase separation degree of the material, so that the mechanical strength of the film is improved, however, if the addition amount of the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl dimethyl siloxane is too much, the mechanical property of the material is reduced due to excessive micro-phase separation, and if the content of the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl dimethyl siloxane is too much, the quantity of air holes generated in the primer is too large, and the cavitation erosion resistance of the coating is reduced.
The molar ratio of BDO to MoCA in the primer is 1:1, so that the good molar ratio of BDO to MoCA can ensure that the coating has certain mechanical property and the coating has proper hardness, if the content of MoCA is too high, the structure containing benzene rings in the outer hard section is increased, the hardness and tensile strength of the material are increased finally, and when the hardness of the coating is too high, the toughness of the material is reduced, and cavitation erosion cannot be effectively resisted.
The NCO content of the finish paint prepolymer solution is 3% -4%, so that the high-efficiency mechanical property and cavitation erosion resistance of the finish paint prepolymer solution are guaranteed.
The mass ratio of the graphene to the finish paint prepolymer is 1 wt% -5 wt%, wherein the optimal ratio is 4 wt%, and the excessive content of the graphene can cause the agglomeration of the prepolymer in polyurethane to influence the cavitation erosion resistance of the coating.
Performance testing
The cavitation erosion experiment of the coating for 60 hours is carried out based on GB/T6383-2009 vibration cavitation erosion test method. The results obtained are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Type (B) | Loss of mass |
| Examples | 3.1mg |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.5mg |
| Comparative example 2 | 5.6mg |
| Comparative example 3 | 4.2mg |
。
Claims (7)
1. A bionic porous cavitation-resistant coating is characterized by comprising a primer and a finish, wherein the primer comprises a primer prepolymer solution, a chain extender and a solvent; the monomer of the primer prepolymer solution comprises polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol, toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate and double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane, the theoretical content of NCO in the primer prepolymer solution is 7% -9%, and the mass ratio of the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane to the polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol is 3-5%; the mass ratio of the solvent to the primer prepolymer solution is 1: 5-2: 100, and the solvent is one or a mixture of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, DMF, toluene, isopropanol and acetone; the chain extender consists of 1, 4-butanediol and 3,3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, and the molar ratio of the 1, 4-butanediol to the 3,3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane is 1: 1; the mass ratio of the chain extender to the primer prepolymer solution is 6.5-7.5: 1;
the finish paint consists of graphene dispersion liquid, a finish paint prepolymer solution and a chain extender; the mass-volume ratio concentration of the graphene dispersion liquid is 0.5 mg/mL-1 mg/mL, and the dispersion liquid solvent is one or a combination of more of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, DMF, toluene, isopropanol and acetone; the mass ratio of the graphene to the finishing paint prepolymer solution is 1-5%; the monomers of the finishing paint prepolymer solution comprise polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol and diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate, and the theoretical content of NCO in the finishing paint prepolymer solution is 3-4%; the mass ratio of the finish paint prepolymer solution to the chain extender is 25-27: 1; the chain extender is 1, 4-butanediol.
2. The bionic porous anti-cavitation paint as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the molecular weight of polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol is 1000, and the molecular weight of double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane is 1000.
3. The bionic porous anti-cavitation coating as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol to the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane is 5%.
4. The bionic porous cavitation erosion resistant coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene to the finishing paint prepolymer solution is 4%.
5. The preparation method of the bionic porous cavitation erosion resistant coating as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
preparation of primer
1) According to the proportion that the theoretical content of NCO in the primer prepolymer solution is 7-9 percent and the mass ratio of polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol to double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane is 3-5 percent, the polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol, the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane and toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate are calculated; weighing a solvent according to the mass ratio of the solvent to the primer prepolymer solution of 1: 5-2: 100, wherein the solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, DMF, toluene, isopropanol and acetone; according to the molar ratio of 1, 4-butanediol to 3,3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane of 1: 1; weighing 1, 4-butanediol and 3,3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane at a mass ratio of the chain extender to the primer prepolymer solution of 6.5-7.5: 1;
2) respectively pouring polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol and double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into a rotary bottle of a rotary evaporator, carrying out reduced pressure distillation for 2h at 120 ℃ and under the vacuum degree of 0.093MPa, cooling to 60 ℃, bottling, sealing and storing;
3) pouring a toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate solution into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring polytetrahydrofuran glycol into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the polytetrahydrofuran glycol into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring that the temperature of 50 ℃ continues to react for 30-60min after the polytetrahydrofuran glycol is dropped, monitoring the temperature of the solution, beginning to pour double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the constant-pressure dropping funnel and dropping the double-end fluorine-containing hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane into the four-neck flask at the speed of 1-20 drops/s if the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, heating the temperature of the oil bath to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 85 ℃, then carrying out constant-temperature reaction for 3 hours, cooling to normal temperature, bottling, and sealing to obtain a primer prepolymer solution;
4) mixing 1, 4-butanediol and 3,3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane to serve as a chain extender, vacuumizing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven, and heating the mixture to 110 ℃ to melt the 3,3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane to obtain the chain extender;
5) mixing the primer prepolymer solution with a solvent, and fully stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
6) mixing the primer prepolymer solution, the solvent mixed solution and the chain extender according to a ratio, quickly stirring for 15min, and vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring to obtain a primer;
preparation of second and top coats
1) Pouring graphene into a solvent, and continuously performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to disperse the graphene in the solvent to obtain a graphene dispersion liquid; the mass-volume ratio concentration of the graphene dispersion liquid is 0.5 mg/mL-1 mg/mL, and the dispersion liquid solvent is one or a combination of more of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, DMF, toluene, isopropanol and acetone;
2) weighing polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol and diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate according to the conversion proportion of the theoretical NCO content in the finish paint prepolymer solution of 3% -4%; pouring diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into a four-neck flask, heating an oil bath pot to 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen, pouring polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, dropping the polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol into the four-neck flask at a speed of 1-20 drops/s, ensuring that the temperature of 50 ℃ continues to react for 30-60min after the polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol is dropped, monitoring the temperature of the solution, raising the temperature of the oil bath pot to ensure that the temperature of the solution can reach 80 ℃ if the temperature of the solution is reduced to below 50 ℃, reacting for 3h at a constant temperature, cooling to the normal temperature, bottling, and sealing for storage;
3) mixing the finish paint prepolymer solution with the graphene dispersion liquid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, and then continuously stirring for 4 hours to obtain a mixed solution; wherein the mass ratio of the graphene to the finish paint prepolymer solution is 1-5%;
4) and mixing the mixed solution with a chain extender 1, 4-butanediol according to the mass ratio of 25-27: 1 of the finishing paint prepolymer solution to the chain extender, quickly stirring for 15min, vacuumizing and defoaming for 1min after stirring to obtain the finishing paint.
6. The method for preparing the coating from the bionic porous cavitation erosion resistant coating as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) coating the primer on the substrate by brushing, blade coating or spraying, and vulcanizing at 75 ℃ for 4h to ensure that the coating is in a semi-cured state and the thickness is 300 microns;
2) and then coating the finish paint on the semi-cured primer by brushing, blade coating or spraying, and vulcanizing at 110 ℃ for 12 hours to cure the coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is 200 microns.
7. A biomimetic porous anti-cavitation coating prepared by the method of claim 6.
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