CN114734952B - Anti-theft system and method for decentralised vehicle based on blockchain and intelligent contract - Google Patents
Anti-theft system and method for decentralised vehicle based on blockchain and intelligent contract Download PDFInfo
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- CN114734952B CN114734952B CN202210388266.2A CN202210388266A CN114734952B CN 114734952 B CN114734952 B CN 114734952B CN 202210388266 A CN202210388266 A CN 202210388266A CN 114734952 B CN114734952 B CN 114734952B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
- B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
- B60R25/25—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using biometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a decentralizing vehicle anti-theft system and a decentralizing vehicle anti-theft method based on a blockchain and an intelligent contract, wherein each vehicle owner needs to be connected to a blockchain network to access services provided in the vehicle anti-theft system, a vehicle related organization can observe the state of the vehicle and the activities of the vehicle owners, and the vehicle owners or authorized drivers can start the vehicle after verifying data through biological identification equipment. The vehicle anti-theft system provides a transparent mode to reduce the possibility of personal information leakage, and improves the safety and the data safety management mechanism of the vehicle anti-theft system through a proper secret key; each node participating in the blockchain network of the present system may be aware of vehicle activity and therefore there is no possibility of any fraudulent activity. The invention can solve a plurality of data security-related loopholes and has good performance in the aspect of protecting vehicles from unauthorized access.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blockchains, in particular to a decentralizing vehicle antitheft method and system based on blockchains and intelligent contracts.
Background
Blockchains are an efficient and low cost technology that can provide trust and security services in many different areas, such as healthcare management, supply chain management, smart home appliances, asset management, cross-border payments, and the like. Smart contracts are a digital protocol that can be used to automatically verify the identity of a vehicle user and store vehicle information by checking predefined conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to devise a decentralised vehicle anti-theft system using blockchain and smart contracts to provide vehicle security. The invention provides an efficient and safe vehicle anti-theft system architecture based on a blockchain. In such an architecture, each owner needs to connect to a blockchain network to access services provided in the vehicle anti-theft system; the vehicle-related organization can observe the vehicle state and the activities of the vehicle owners; the vehicle owner or the authorized driver can start the vehicle after verifying the data through the biological identification equipment; the validation data may be automatically replaced with the deployed smart contract using the wireless internet of things.
The invention provides a decentralised vehicle anti-theft system and method based on blockchain and intelligent contracts, wherein an intelligent contract is developed to verify a driver of a vehicle. The driver can be the owner of the vehicle or the authorizer selected by the owner of the vehicle. Only vehicles equipped with keyless activation are considered in the inventive blockchain and smart contract based decentralised vehicle anti-theft system. As the automotive industry is rapidly evolving, most advanced vehicles provide keyless functionality. Furthermore, if someone has a vehicle that is unlocked using a key, then no verification is required at ignition using the biometric verification approach, so the system only considers keyless vehicles. The vehicle anti-theft system architecture based on the blockchain adopts six nodes, namely a vehicle owner, a vehicle sales mechanism, a vehicle authentication mechanism, a blockchain server, a vehicle transportation mechanism and a vehicle. A greater number of nodes may be employed if desired. In a blockchain and smart contract based decentralised vehicle anti-theft system architecture, two attributes are used, namely a generic vehicle key and an authorized driver. The function of each node and attribute is as follows:
general vehicle key: the vehicle engine number may identify the vehicle and the vehicle owner driver license number may identify the vehicle owner, but the generic vehicle key may identify the vehicle as well as the vehicle owner. The generic vehicle key is a random sequence generated from the driver's license number of the vehicle owner and the vehicle engine number via a cryptographic hash function. The generic vehicle key generation process is automated and only the vehicle certification authority can insert the vehicle engine number and the vehicle owner's driver license number as inputs into the smart contract, which then automatically generates the generic vehicle key by combining these two numbers with a random sequence, so that anyone cannot assume the actual generic vehicle key and the strategy of the key generation process. The terms and conditions of the policy may be determined by the administrative authority. The smart contract may access this key internally to authenticate the owner and identify the vehicle.
Vehicle owners: in the vehicle anti-theft system architecture of the present invention, the vehicle owner is the vehicle owner. When purchasing a vehicle, the vehicle owner needs to provide the necessary registration files to the vehicle sales organization, including the driver's license number. The owner is a connected node and does not need to store a copy of the entire blockchain server. Owners may store their transaction records when needed.
The driver is authorized: the authorized driver is an authorized driver and may be a friend of the vehicle owner or a private driver. Whenever they want to drive the vehicle of the owner, the owner must add their information (i.e., driver's license, biometric data, etc.) to the blockchain ledger using the smart contracts on the application site.
Vehicle sales organization: everyone must purchase the vehicle from the vehicle sales organization. Each purchaser must provide his actual certificate to the vehicle sales organization. The vehicle sales organization gathers and validates the purchaser's information. The vehicle sales organization prepares a set of composite data that combines the vehicle owner information (i.e., vehicle owner's driver license number, cell phone number, etc.) and the purchase vehicle information (i.e., vehicle engine number, chassis number, make and model number, etc.). Finally, the vehicle sales organization forwards these data to the vehicle certification authority.
Vehicle authentication mechanism: the vehicle certification authority uses the owner's information (vehicle owner driver license number and vehicle engine number) to generate a generic vehicle key and matches the information with the vehicle owner. If desired, it will retain a blockchain ledger to observe the owner's activities. Here it is one of the nodes in the network. It is also responsible for sending the login details of the vehicle owner to the vehicle owner.
A blockchain server: blockchain servers are decentralized computers in a blockchain, with nodes in the blockchain being owners and organizations. The intelligent contracts are written in code and deployed on a blockchain platform. Execution of the intelligent contract invoked by the vehicle owner will then trigger an event (i.e., vehicle owner identification, driver authorization). After the event is triggered, the smart contract will be executed. If the intelligent contract execution is complete, the blockchain server may store the information. The blockchain server may maintain the identity of the participants and their cryptocurrency balance and the transactions performed may be recorded on the server. Thus, in the vehicle anti-theft system architecture of the present invention, the blockchain server is more important for more secure access to vehicle data.
Vehicle transport mechanism: the vehicle transport mechanism is responsible for tracking the vehicle when unauthorized access occurs. For unauthorized access, the vehicle device will notify the vehicle owner and the vehicle transport mechanism. When the owner leaves the vehicle, the vehicle transport will track the vehicle until the vehicle status sent by the owner is received. The state includes a safe or unsafe state of the vehicle. The vehicle transport mechanism also retains a copy of the blockchain ledger to identify and track vehicles for immediate action when needed.
Vehicle: a vehicle started by installing a biometric device. The vehicle device may store and receive information. This information contains the vehicle speed, the current driver (who is now driving the vehicle) and the biometric data of the driver. Further, the driver data may be synchronized with the vehicle device using wireless internet of things technology.
The invention provides a decentralised vehicle anti-theft system architecture based on blockchain and intelligent contracts, as shown in figure 1, which illustrates the communication process between the current nodes in the vehicle anti-theft system architecture by the following steps:
step 1: each vehicle owner must provide their credentials to a vehicle sales organization that is responsible for verifying and collecting the owner information. The vehicle owner provides necessary information to the vehicle sales organization to register when purchasing the vehicle. For this reason, owners need to contact the nearest or preferred vehicle sales organization and can register for purchased vehicles. The vehicle sales organization may verify the owner information at the time of vehicle registration. The method can directly communicate with the vehicle owner to verify the credentials of the vehicle owner (end-to-end verification), so that originality verification of the vehicle owner information can be maintained. Thus, no other person can purchase the vehicle using credentials that were stolen from somewhere. Thus, in this architecture, a vehicle sales organization is required to verify the originality of the owner's credentials.
Step 2: the vehicle sales organization forwards the credentials of the vehicle owner along with the vehicle information to the vehicle certification organization, which then generates a generic vehicle key for the vehicle owner.
Step 3: the vehicle certification authority stores the credentials of the vehicle owner and the generic vehicle key in a blockchain database. The vehicle certification authority sends an interface link to the vehicle owner to access the blockchain account.
Step 4: the owner of the vehicle needs to perform authentication in the blockchain network to invoke the intelligent contract. He may invoke the smart contract after authenticating the network, where the smart contract is deployed to the blockchain by the vehicle certification authority in step 3.
Step 5: the vehicle owner needs to be authorized by the biometric device to drive the vehicle. When the owner allows others to drive the vehicle, the owner needs to add the authorization data of the person to the blockchain server; after the driving behavior is finished, the vehicle owner deletes the added data.
Step 6: if an unauthorized person attempts to enter the vehicle without permission from the vehicle owner, the vehicle will send a notification to the vehicle owner and the vehicle transport mechanism after checking the vehicle speed.
Step 7: the vehicle transport mechanism, upon notification, keeps track of the vehicle and inquires about the status of the vehicle provided by the vehicle owner.
Step 8: finally, the vehicle owner updates the safety state of the vehicle and sends the safety state to the vehicle transportation mechanism.
Intelligent integration plays an important role in the architecture proposed by the present invention, which works at the back end of the blockchain. The owner only needs to call any service through the owner interface, and the intelligent contract can run at the back end according to the owner's request.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the present invention describes and implements an anti-theft system for a decentralised vehicle using blockchain and smart contracts. The vehicle anti-theft system provides a transparent mode to reduce the possibility of personal information leakage, and improves the safety and the data safety management mechanism of the vehicle anti-theft system through a proper secret key; each node participating in the blockchain network of the present system may be aware of vehicle activity and therefore, there is no possibility of any fraudulent activity. The invention can solve a plurality of data security-related loopholes and has good performance in the aspect of protecting vehicles from unauthorized access.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the anti-theft system for a decentralised vehicle based on blockchain and smart contracts of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the intelligent contract in the decentralizing vehicle theft prevention method based on blockchain and intelligent contracts of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an unauthorized access detection algorithm in the anti-theft method of the present invention for a decentralised vehicle based on blockchain and smart contracts.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, but in no way limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows the workflow of the proposed method of the present invention, which develops a decentralised vehicle anti-theft system based on blockchain and smart contracts according to a designed model method, the blockchain being used to ensure decentralisation and non-tamper-resistance of data, and the smart contracts being used to prevent unauthorized access, the implementation process consisting of several steps, as follows:
step 1: and (5) registering a vehicle owner. The owner of the vehicle may submit the required information to the vehicle sales organization at the time the vehicle is purchased. Thus, the vehicle sales organization will send the owner and vehicle information to the vehicle certification organization. The vehicle certification authority can check information with the vehicle owner through the interface, so that the correctness of given information is ensured. The vehicle certification authority will then provide the vehicle owner with a login ID, password, and interface link. Finally, the owner will successfully register with the blockchain network. Thus, owners may join the blockchain network.
Step 2: and (5) authenticating the vehicle owner. And generating a general vehicle key for the vehicle owner after verifying the vehicle owner information. After registration is completed, the owner needs to perform identity verification on the blockchain network. Thus, the owner needs to log into the interface and provide a user name and password to access the facilities of the smart contract. Thus, the smart merge date verifies the generic vehicle key at the backend. The generic vehicle key is correct if it is associated with the account address of the vehicle owner. Otherwise, the authentication process will be discarded. Finally, the owner will successfully pass the network authentication.
Step 3: and (5) data insertion. The owner of the vehicle needs to add information of authorized drivers through smart contracts in order to drive the vehicle during each driving. A generic vehicle key must be required to add information to the authorized driver. The smart contract performs any event using only the correct generic vehicle key. Therefore, the vehicle owner can receive the confirmation message of successful data submission. Then, the authorized driver will obtain the driving permission. After the driving behavior is finished, the owner of the vehicle will destroy the intelligent contract requesting the self-destruction function.
Step 4: driver authorization and unauthorized access detection. Each driver must authorize driving during each drive. Only authorized persons can drive the vehicle of the vehicle owner. Prior to driving, the owner must set the current drive by invoking a smart contract. The smart contract may be invoked from the owner interface. The data may be synchronized with the vehicle equipment to authenticate the selected driver, as required by the vehicle owner. Thus, the selected driver can be given driving authorization by the biometric device.
And (3) setting the environment: experiments were implemented using a Remix-ethernet IDE, which provides an interface to execute smart contracts. The intelligent contract code editing method is an open source platform and can help us to write intelligent contract codes in the browser by using the solubility language. Solidity is a familiar language for writing smart contract code. It serves blockchain specific services through code that runs in the EVM and supports testing, compiling, and deploying intelligent contracts. The preferred solubility compiler version is 0.5.17, the EVM version of the experiment is set to the compiler default. The proposed algorithm is implemented by writing code on the ethernet platform. The selected environment for deploying and running the smart contract code is a Javascript VM.
The unauthorized access detection algorithm in the intelligent contract used is divided into the following steps:
a) The algorithm is input as vehicle driver information, vehicle speed, authorized driver biometric data, and first verifies whether the vehicle driver information and vehicle owner information match. If the vehicle is matched, driving the vehicle is allowed, and the algorithm is ended; if not, go to step b);
b) It is verified whether the vehicle driver information matches the authorized driver that has been added. If so, entering step c); otherwise, step d) is entered.
c) Verifying whether the vehicle driver's biometric matches the authorized driver biometric. If the vehicle is matched, driving the vehicle is allowed, and the algorithm is ended; if not, go to step d).
d) It is detected whether the vehicle speed is 0. The algorithm ends when the vehicle speed is 0. Otherwise, notifying the vehicle owner and the vehicle transport mechanism while the vehicle transport mechanism continuously monitors the vehicle and waits for the vehicle owner to provide the vehicle status. The algorithm ends.
Claims (8)
1. An anti-theft system for a decentralised vehicle based on a blockchain and an intelligent contract, the architecture of the system has six nodes, namely a vehicle owner, a vehicle sales organization, a vehicle authentication organization, a blockchain server, a vehicle transportation organization and a vehicle, and two attributes are set, namely a general vehicle key and an authorized driver; wherein, the vehicle owner provides necessary registration files to the vehicle sales organization when purchasing the vehicle; the vehicle sales mechanism sends a group of composite data combined with the vehicle owner information and the purchased vehicle information to the vehicle authentication mechanism; the vehicle certification authority generates a general vehicle key by using a vehicle main driving license number and a vehicle engine number through a password hash function, stores credentials of a vehicle owner and the general vehicle key into a blockchain database, and deploys an intelligent contract on a blockchain platform; the block chain servers are dispersed in the block chain and store the execution information of the intelligent contract; the vehicle transport mechanism is responsible for tracking the vehicle when unauthorized access occurs; the vehicle is started by installing a biological identification device, and the vehicle device can store and receive information comprising the speed of the vehicle, authorized drivers and biological characteristic data thereof; the authorized driver is the owner of the vehicle or the driver of the vehicle adding his authorization data to the blockchain server by using a smart contract on the application site.
2. The vehicle anti-theft system of claim 1, wherein only the vehicle certification authority can insert the vehicle engine number and the vehicle owner's driver's license number as inputs into the smart contract, which then automatically generates the generic vehicle key by combining the two numbers with a random sequence.
3. The vehicle anti-theft system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle owner information includes a vehicle owner driving license number and a mobile phone number; the vehicle information comprises a vehicle engine number, a chassis number, a brand and a model; the authorization data includes driver licenses and biometric data of an authorized driver.
4. The vehicle anti-theft system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle device notifies the vehicle owner and the vehicle transport mechanism for unauthorized access; when the owner leaves the vehicle, the vehicle transport will track the vehicle until a safe or unsafe condition of the vehicle is received as sent by the owner.
5. A vehicle anti-theft method, using the decentralised vehicle anti-theft system based on blockchain and smart contracts of any one of claims 1-4 to implement vehicle anti-theft, the communication process between nodes in the vehicle anti-theft system comprising:
1) Each vehicle owner provides information certificates for a vehicle sales mechanism for registration, and the vehicle sales mechanism is responsible for collecting and verifying vehicle owner information;
2) The vehicle sales organization forwards the vehicle owner certificate and the vehicle information to the vehicle authentication organization, and then the vehicle authentication organization generates a general vehicle key for the vehicle owner;
3) The vehicle certification authority stores the vehicle owner certificate and the general vehicle key into a blockchain database and sends an interface link to the vehicle owner to access a blockchain account;
4) The owner of the vehicle needs to carry out identity verification in the blockchain network to call the intelligent contract;
5) The vehicle owner needs to authorize the vehicle through the biological recognition device to drive the vehicle; when the owner allows other people to drive the vehicle, the owner adds the authorization data of the person to the blockchain server, and after the driving behavior is finished, the owner deletes the added authorization data;
6) If an unauthorized person tries to enter the vehicle without permission of the vehicle owner, the vehicle sends a notification to the vehicle owner and the vehicle transport mechanism after checking the vehicle speed, and the vehicle transport mechanism keeps track of the vehicle and inquires of the vehicle state provided by the vehicle owner after receiving the notification; the vehicle owner updates the safety state of the vehicle and sends it to the vehicle transport mechanism.
6. The vehicle theft prevention method according to claim 5, wherein in step 5) the vehicle owner adds said authorization data by means of a smart contract, which performs any event that must use the correct generic vehicle key; the driver is authorized to drive the vehicle after obtaining the driving permission, and after the driving behavior is finished, the vehicle owner destroys the intelligent contract requesting the self-destruction function.
7. The vehicle theft prevention method according to claim 6, wherein the authorization data in step 5) includes biometric data of an authorized driver, and the driver performs driving authorization through the biometric device.
8. The vehicle theft protection method according to claim 5, wherein the flow of unauthorized access detection in the smart contract used is as follows:
a) Inputting vehicle driver information, vehicle speed and authorized driver biometric data, firstly verifying whether the vehicle driver information and the vehicle owner information are matched, and if so, allowing the vehicle to be driven; if not, go to step b);
b) Verifying whether the vehicle driver information matches the added authorized driver, if so, proceeding to step c), otherwise proceeding to step d);
c) Verifying whether the biometric of the driver of the vehicle matches the biometric of the authorized driver, and if so, allowing the vehicle to be driven; if not, go to step d);
d) Detecting whether the vehicle speed is 0, and ending the detection when the vehicle speed is 0; otherwise, notifying the vehicle owner and the vehicle transport mechanism while the vehicle transport mechanism continuously monitors the vehicle and waits for the vehicle owner to provide the vehicle status.
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