CN114731848A - Threshing and separating device of soybean harvester - Google Patents

Threshing and separating device of soybean harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114731848A
CN114731848A CN202210175830.2A CN202210175830A CN114731848A CN 114731848 A CN114731848 A CN 114731848A CN 202210175830 A CN202210175830 A CN 202210175830A CN 114731848 A CN114731848 A CN 114731848A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
threshing
plate
guide
hinged
adjusting rod
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202210175830.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
倪有亮
金诚谦
钱震杰
陈满
王廷恩
杨腾祥
刘政
袁文胜
徐金山
张光跃
冯玉岗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture filed Critical Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority to CN202210175830.2A priority Critical patent/CN114731848A/en
Publication of CN114731848A publication Critical patent/CN114731848A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F11/00Threshing apparatus specially adapted for maize; Threshing apparatus specially adapted for particular crops other than cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/10Feeders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18Threshing devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18Threshing devices
    • A01F12/26Multi-part threshing concaves

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a threshing and separating device of a soybean harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The device comprises a threshing cylinder supported on a frame of a threshing chamber, a concave sieve positioned below the threshing cylinder and an upper cover buckled on the threshing chamber; the lower part of the cover plate of the upper cover is hinged with a group of guide plates which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the threshing cylinder, the lower edge of each guide plate is in an arc shape matched with the outer circle of the threshing cylinder, and one end of each guide plate is hinged through a connecting rod to form a parallel connecting rod mechanism; one of the guide plates is fixedly connected with one end of the guide adjusting rod through a hinge fulcrum shaft fixedly connected with a hinge hole in the middle of the guide plate; and the cover plate is fixedly provided with a scale plate for limiting the gears of the diversion adjusting rod. The invention can synchronously adjust the inclination angle of each guide plate relative to the threshing cylinder by the guide adjusting rod, thereby ensuring threshing performance and effectively avoiding blockage.

Description

Threshing and separating device of soybean harvester
Technical Field
The invention relates to a threshing and separating device, in particular to a threshing and separating device of a soybean harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The soybean varieties are various, the maturity stages are inconsistent, the defoliation is poor, and a series of problems of incomplete threshing, large straw quantity, poor threshing separation adaptability, roller blockage and the like are easily caused in harvesting due to the fact that leaves do not fall off and the plant moisture content is high in the maturity stages of the soybean varieties.
A typical threshing and separating device of a conventional soybean harvester is disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201120502009.4, and includes: a threshing chamber, a grass discharging port and an intermediate shaft belt pulley; the threshing chamber comprises a first roller, a second roller and a transition plate; the grass discharge concave plate of the grass discharge port is a grid plate; the threshing chamber is also provided with a second roller belt pulley, a second roller chain wheel and a first roller chain wheel, the middle shaft belt pulley is connected with the second roller belt pulley through a transmission belt, and the second roller chain wheel is connected with the first roller chain wheel through a transmission chain; the first roller is provided with a plurality of plate teeth, and the transition plate is a grid plate; a separating plate is arranged on one end of the toothed bar of the second roller, which is close to the grass discharge port, along the radial direction. Although the prior art has higher efficiency in threshing and separating crops such as rice, wheat, soybean, rape and the like, the prior art has poor adaptability, can not meet the threshing and separating requirements of soybean varieties at the same time, and can also avoid the problems of incomplete threshing, roller blockage and the like when the feeding amount is different and even the water content is different, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency soybean harvesting can not be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the threshing and separating device of the soybean harvester with ideal adaptability is provided through the structural improvement, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency soybean harvesting is ensured.
In order to achieve the purposes, the applicant carries out deep experimental research and reason analysis on a series of problems of incomplete soybean threshing separation, roller blockage and the like under various conditions, and finds that the angle of a grid-shaped concave plate sieve and a guide plate of an upper cover of a threshing roller in the prior art is fixed, so that the grid-shaped concave plate sieve and the guide plate cannot adapt to various feeding working conditions, and the threshing rate is low when the feeding amount is small or the moisture content of plants is low; and when the feeding amount is large or the water content of the plant is higher, the blockage is easy. On the basis of the research, the basic technical scheme of the threshing and separating device of the soybean harvester is as follows: comprises a threshing cylinder supported on a frame of a threshing chamber, a concave sieve positioned below the threshing cylinder and an upper cover buckled on the threshing chamber;
the improvement is that: the lower part of the cover plate of the upper cover is hinged with a group of guide plates which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the threshing cylinder, the lower edge of each guide plate is in a circular arc shape matched with the excircle of the threshing cylinder, and one end of each guide plate is hinged through a connecting rod to form a parallel connecting rod mechanism;
one of the guide plates is fixedly connected with one end of the guide adjusting rod through a hinge fulcrum fixedly connected with a hinge hole in the middle of the guide plate; and the cover plate is fixedly provided with a scale plate for limiting the gears of the diversion adjusting rod.
When in threshing and separating operation, the inclination angle of each guide plate relative to the threshing cylinder can be synchronously adjusted by the guide adjusting rod, and the angle of each guide plate is properly adjusted and reduced when the harvest feeding amount is smaller and/or the plant water content is lower so as to ensure the threshing rate; when the harvest feeding amount is increased and/or the water content of plants is higher, the angle of the guide plate is properly increased so as to improve the movement efficiency and the trafficability of the crop flow and effectively avoid blockage.
The invention is further perfected in that the guide plate comprises a top plate with a middle hinge support hole, one side of the top plate is bent to form a side baffle with a lower edge in an arc shape matched with the excircle of the threshing cylinder, the front end of the top plate is bent to form a front baffle fixedly connected with the lapping edge of the side baffle, and the rear end of the top plate is bent to form a rear foot plate with a hinge hole lower than the middle hinge support hole. Thus, the feeding material can be guided better, and the manufacturing process is very simple.
The invention is further perfected in that the lower part of the cover plate is hinged with middle hinged support holes of the guide plates which are distributed at intervals through hinge strips, and one of the guide plates is fixedly connected with one end of the guide adjusting rod through a hinged support shaft fixedly connected with the middle hinged hole and a connecting block; the main body of the connecting block is provided with a central penetrating hole inserted into the hinge support shaft, one side of the central penetrating hole is provided with a hinge support shaft supporting hole, and the two sides of the main body are respectively extended with a screw hole for fixing the flow guide adjusting rod. Therefore, the assembly of related parts is very convenient and reliable.
The invention is further perfected in that the scale plate is provided with stop grooves with upward openings at intervals, and two sides and the upper part of the scale plate are semi-surrounded by the limit frame; the flow guide adjusting rod is made of a metal strip with the thickness matched with the width of the gear groove, and the end, close to the scale plate, of the flow guide adjusting rod is formed by twisting a horizontal right angle fixedly connected with the connecting block. Therefore, the manufacturing process is very simple, and the gear limit is reliable.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view (with one side of the concave screen opened) of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic close-up perspective view of the recess screen of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the threshing and separating device of fig. 1 with the upper cover removed.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the right circular hole recessed plate screen of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the left circular hole concave screen of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the flexible threshing cylinder of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the upper cover of the embodiment of fig. 1.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the perspective structure of FIG. 7 from the A direction (i.e., the top view of FIG. 7 after being turned 90 degrees)
Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the baffle adjustment mechanism of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the connection block of the embodiment in fig. 1.
Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the baffle of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the scale plate of the embodiment of fig. 1.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the expanded configuration of the round hole recessed screen of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
Example one
The threshing and separating device of the soybean harvester of the embodiment is basically as shown in fig. 1 to 3, and mainly comprises an upper cover 1, a left circular hole concave sieve 2, a flexible threshing cylinder 3, a right circular hole concave sieve 4, a threshing chamber frame 5, a transmission system 6 and the like. Wherein, the flexible threshing cylinder 3 is supported on a threshing chamber frame 5, the involutory left and right circular hole concave screens 2 and 4 are positioned under the threshing cylinder 3, and the upper cover 1 is covered on the threshing chamber. The transmission system 6 adopts a belt wheel transmission structure.
The specific structures of the right circular hole concave sieve 4 and the left circular hole concave sieve 2 are respectively shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, wherein the left circular hole concave sieve 2 consists of a side cover 2-1 enclosing one side of the threshing chamber and a circular hole sieve 2-2 arranged in a side plate 2-1, and one end of the side cover is hinged to a threshing chamber frame 5, so that the side cover can be pulled out and opened from the side, and the convenient overhauling treatment is carried out on operation faults such as roller blockage and the like; when closed, the sieve is combined with the right circular hole concave sieve 4 to form an integral concave sieve similar to the prior art. The circular hole concave sieve is designed aiming at the shape and the yield of special soybean crops, the circular hole diameter is 25mm, the distribution and arrangement rules adopt an intensive arrangement scheme, the threshing effect of the threshing cylinder and the concave sieve is ensured, and meanwhile, the passing performance of grains and fine impurities is improved.
As shown in figure 6, one end of a cylinder body 3-3 of the flexible threshing cylinder 3 is provided with a spiral input device 3-1, the cylinder body 3-3 is provided with a plurality of groups of threshing bulges which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, each group of threshing bulges 3-2 is composed of flexible arched claws 3-2 which are distributed at intervals in the axial direction, and two ends of each flexible arched claw 3-2 are fixed on the cylinder body 3-3 at intervals in the circumferential direction to form a V-shaped ring with an outward extending fillet.
The lower part of a cover plate 1-1 of an upper cover 1 of the threshing and separating device of the embodiment is hinged with a group of middle hinge support holes 1-7 of guide plates 1-7 which are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of a flexible threshing cylinder 3 through hinge strips 1-6. The guide plate 1-7 is shown in figure 11 and comprises a top plate 1-7.2 with a middle hinge support hole, one side of the top plate is bent to form a side baffle plate 1-7.3 with the lower edge in an arc shape matched with the excircle of the threshing cylinder 3, the front end of the top plate is bent to form a front baffle plate 1-7.1 fixedly connected with the lap edge of the side baffle plate 1-7.3 in a welding way, and the rear end of the top plate is bent to form a rear foot plate 1-7.4 with a hinge hole lower than the middle hinge support hole. One end of the rear foot plate of each guide plate 1.7 is hinged through a connecting rod 1-8 respectively to form a parallel connecting rod mechanism.
The guide plate 1.7 at one end is fixedly connected with one end of the guide adjusting rod 1-3 through a hinge fulcrum shaft fixedly connected with a hinge hole in the middle of the guide plate and a connecting block 1-5. As shown in figure 10, the connecting block 1-5.1 has a main body 1-5.1 with a central through hole 1-5.2 for inserting the hinge shaft, one side of the central through hole 1-5.2 has a hinge shaft supporting hole 1-5.3, and the main body 1-5.1 extends towards two sides to form a screw hole 1-5.4 for fixing the guide flow adjusting rod 1-3.
A scale plate 1-2 for limiting the gears of the diversion adjusting rod 1-3 is fixed on the cover plate 1-1 of the upper cover. The scale plate 1-2 has stop grooves 1-2.1 with upward openings and spaced apart from each other, as shown in fig. 12, and both sides and the upper part thereof are half surrounded by a limit frame 4. The diversion adjusting rod 1-3 is made of a metal lath with the thickness matched with the width of the gear groove 1-2.1, and the end adjacent to the scale plate is formed by the right-angle torsion of the horizontal shape of the end fixedly connected with the connecting block.
When the threshing and separating device works, soybean plants are fed into the threshing chamber from the front end of the threshing cylinder, threshing is carried out under the action of the threshing cylinder and the concave plate sieve, and when the harvest feeding amount is increased or the water content of the plants is larger, the angle of the guide plate is properly adjusted and increased, so that the movement efficiency and the trafficability of crops are improved; when the harvest feeding amount is small and the plant water content is low, the angle of the guide plate is properly adjusted and reduced. When the guide plate is adjusted, the rotation of one guide plate drives other guide plates to synchronously rotate, and the adjustment of the integral angles of all the guide plates is realized. The scale plate 1-2 positions the diversion adjusting rod 1-3 to conveniently and quantitatively determine a diversion angle, when the diversion adjusting rod 1-3 is positioned at the rightmost side of the scale plate 1-2, the diversion angle is minimum, when the diversion adjusting rod 1-3 is adjusted leftwards, the diversion plate angle is increased clockwise, and when the diversion adjusting rod 1-3 is adjusted rightwards, the diversion plate angle is increased anticlockwise.
During harvesting, the yield of the soybean is increased due to the high variety and the improvement of the harvesting speed of the soybean. The threshing chamber has a certain space, and the original threshing and separating device cannot conduct diversion regulation and control, so when the feeding amount is increased, the stalks are difficult to discharge in time, internal blockage is easily caused, and faults are caused.
After the embodiment is adopted, when short soybeans are harvested, the flow guide angle, namely the included angle between the flow guide plate and the axial direction of the threshing cylinder can be adjusted to be larger; when the soybean of high and large variety is harvested, the diversion angle can be properly adjusted to be small in order to avoid blockage, so that the stalks can be discharged quickly. In addition, when the moisture content of soybean plants is high and threshing is difficult, the threshing impact force needs to be increased by increasing the rotating speed of a threshing cylinder, and if the threshing time of soybeans cannot be correspondingly adjusted, the seed crushing rate is inevitably increased, and the harvesting quality is influenced; under the condition, the stalk can be quickly discharged along the flow guide direction by adjusting the flow guide angle, so that the threshing damage of soybean seeds is reduced.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the threshing and separating device of the soybean harvester has the following advantages:
1) the threshing and separating device can be conveniently regulated and controlled according to different harvesting and feeding amounts, particularly under the condition of large-feeding-amount operation, realizes high-efficiency matched harvesting operation, improves threshing and separating efficiency, obviously reduces faults, improves the reliability of the whole machine, and properly solves the problem that the large-feeding-amount operation is easy to block.
2) Can be suitable for low-loss matching harvest operation under the conditions of high variety and high water content, not only is the threshing time shortened, but also the unpeeled rate and the loss of soybeans carried in the stalks can be effectively reduced.
3) The threshing cylinder with the flexible arched claw can reduce the pressure born by soybean seeds on the basis of ensuring the complete threshing of bean pods, obviously reduce the seed crushing rate in the soybean harvesting and threshing process and ensure the high-quality and high-efficiency soybean harvesting.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A threshing and separating device of a soybean harvester comprises a threshing cylinder (3) supported on a frame (5) of a threshing chamber, concave plate sieves (2, 4) positioned below the threshing cylinder (3) and an upper cover (1) buckled on the threshing chamber;
the method is characterized in that: the lower part of a cover plate (1-1) of the upper cover (1) is hinged with a group of middle hinged holes of guide plates (1-7) which are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the threshing cylinder, the lower edge of each guide plate (1-7) is in a circular arc shape matched with the excircle of the threshing cylinder, and one end of each guide plate is hinged through a connecting rod (1-8) to form a parallel connecting rod mechanism;
one of the guide plates is fixedly connected with one end of a guide adjusting rod (1-3) through a hinge fulcrum fixedly connected with a hinge hole in the middle of the guide plate; and the cover plate (1-1) is fixedly provided with a scale plate (1-2) for limiting the gear of the diversion adjusting rod (1-3).
2. The soybean harvester threshing and separating device of claim 1, wherein: the guide plate (1-7) comprises a top plate with a middle hinge support hole, one side of the top plate is bent to form a side baffle with the lower edge being matched with the excircle of the threshing cylinder in an arc shape, the front end of the top plate is bent to form a front baffle fixedly connected with the lapping edge of the side baffle, and the rear end of the top plate is bent to form a rear foot plate with a hinge hole lower than the middle hinge support hole.
3. The soybean harvester threshing and separating device of claim 2, wherein: the lower part of the cover plate (1-1) is hinged with hinge support holes in the middle of the guide plates (1-7) which are distributed at intervals through hinge strips (1-6), and one of the guide plates is fixedly connected with one end of a guide adjusting rod (1-3) through a hinge support shaft fixedly connected with the hinge support hole in the middle of the guide plate and a connecting block (1-5); the main body of the connecting block is provided with a central penetrating hole inserted into the hinged support shaft, one side of the central penetrating hole is provided with a hinged support shaft supporting hole, and screw holes for fixing the flow guide adjusting rods (1-3) extend towards two sides of the main body respectively.
4. The soybean harvester threshing and separating device of claim 3, wherein: the scale plate is provided with stop grooves with upward openings at intervals, and two sides and the upper part of the scale plate are semi-surrounded by the limiting frame (4); the flow guide adjusting rod (1-3) is made of a metal lath with the thickness matched with the width of the gear groove, and the end, close to the scale plate, of the flow guide adjusting rod is formed by twisting a horizontal right angle at the end fixedly connected with the connecting block.
5. The soybean harvester threshing and separating device of claim 4, wherein: the concave sieve is composed of a left concave sieve and a right circular hole concave sieve which are oppositely combined, the left circular hole concave sieve is composed of a side cover which encloses one side of the threshing chamber and a circular hole sieve which is arranged in the side plate, and one end of the side cover is hinged to the frame of the threshing chamber.
6. The soybean harvester threshing and separating device of claim 5, wherein: the flexible threshing cylinder is characterized in that a spiral input device is installed at one end of a cylinder body of the flexible threshing cylinder, a plurality of groups of threshing protrusions are uniformly distributed on the cylinder body in the circumferential direction, each group of threshing protrusions are flexible arched claws distributed at intervals in the axial direction, and two ends of each flexible arched claw are fixed on the cylinder body at intervals in the circumferential direction to form a V-shaped ring with an outward extending fillet.
CN202210175830.2A 2022-02-25 2022-02-25 Threshing and separating device of soybean harvester Pending CN114731848A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210175830.2A CN114731848A (en) 2022-02-25 2022-02-25 Threshing and separating device of soybean harvester

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210175830.2A CN114731848A (en) 2022-02-25 2022-02-25 Threshing and separating device of soybean harvester

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2932976Y (en) * 2006-08-10 2007-08-15 江苏宇成动力集团有限公司 Threshing head cover of whole-feeding rice and wheat combine
JP2011067156A (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-04-07 Iseki & Co Ltd Thresher
CN102077744A (en) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-01 中国农业机械化科学研究院 Threshing device and combine harvester having the same
CN103718733A (en) * 2013-12-24 2014-04-16 江苏大学 Axial-feeding type rice and wheat threshing and separating integrated device
CN109588120A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-09 江苏大学 First planting rice forces feeding threshing separation to crush integrated apparatus
CN109906779A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-06-21 江苏大学 A kind of high-effect threshing cleaning unit and cropper
CN110731173A (en) * 2019-09-23 2020-01-31 江苏大学 integrated device for threshing and straw-crushing of regenerated rice
CN213127154U (en) * 2020-06-11 2021-05-07 江苏大学 Threshing device entrainment loss multi-parameter regulation and control system and combine harvester

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2932976Y (en) * 2006-08-10 2007-08-15 江苏宇成动力集团有限公司 Threshing head cover of whole-feeding rice and wheat combine
JP2011067156A (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-04-07 Iseki & Co Ltd Thresher
CN102077744A (en) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-01 中国农业机械化科学研究院 Threshing device and combine harvester having the same
CN103718733A (en) * 2013-12-24 2014-04-16 江苏大学 Axial-feeding type rice and wheat threshing and separating integrated device
CN109588120A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-09 江苏大学 First planting rice forces feeding threshing separation to crush integrated apparatus
CN109906779A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-06-21 江苏大学 A kind of high-effect threshing cleaning unit and cropper
CN110731173A (en) * 2019-09-23 2020-01-31 江苏大学 integrated device for threshing and straw-crushing of regenerated rice
CN213127154U (en) * 2020-06-11 2021-05-07 江苏大学 Threshing device entrainment loss multi-parameter regulation and control system and combine harvester

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Application publication date: 20220712