CN114726111A - Voltage optimization joint control method suitable for multi-module wireless charging system - Google Patents

Voltage optimization joint control method suitable for multi-module wireless charging system Download PDF

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CN114726111A
CN114726111A CN202210492884.1A CN202210492884A CN114726111A CN 114726111 A CN114726111 A CN 114726111A CN 202210492884 A CN202210492884 A CN 202210492884A CN 114726111 A CN114726111 A CN 114726111A
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wireless charging
module
input voltage
charging system
module wireless
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钟文兴
徐德鸿
朱晨
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a voltage optimization joint control method suitable for a multi-module wireless charging system, wherein the multi-module wireless charging system comprises a plurality of wireless charging modules, and each wireless charging module comprises a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a transmitting end circuit and a receiving end circuit; the output sides of all the wireless charging modules are connected in parallel to output the same load; the wireless charging modules adopt LCC compensation topology, the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system is used as feedback quantity, the reference input voltage of the multi-module wireless charging system is controlled, the input voltage amplitude of each wireless charging module is adjusted according to the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix, and output control and current balance of the multi-module wireless charging system are achieved. The invention has good universality.

Description

Voltage optimization joint control method suitable for multi-module wireless charging system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission, in particular to a voltage optimization joint control method suitable for a multi-module wireless charging system.
Background
Along with the shortage of energy and the increasing environmental pollution problem in the global scope, the importance of developing electric vehicles is increasingly prominent. The wireless charging technology of the electric automobile is concerned with due to a series of advantages of high efficiency, convenience, low maintenance cost, no environmental influence and the like. Although the technology of medium-low power wireless charging has been developed to some extent at present, high-power wireless fast charging is still under study. The modularized wireless energy transfer technology is beneficial to breaking through the power limitation of the traditional single-channel wireless charging, but because complex cross coupling exists among different modules, the monotonous relation between the input and the output of each module is damaged, the output of one module is difficult to be controlled independently, and the current practical application is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage optimization joint control method suitable for a multi-module wireless charging system. The invention can realize the current output control and the balance of each loop current under the conditions of the dead-against and the deviation of the multi-module wireless charging system, and has good universality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a voltage optimization joint control method suitable for a multi-module wireless charging system comprises a plurality of wireless charging modules, wherein each wireless charging module comprises a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a transmitting end circuit and a receiving end circuit; the output sides of all the wireless charging modules are connected in parallel to output the same load; the wireless charging modules adopt LCC compensation topology, the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system is used as feedback quantity, the reference voltage value of the multi-module wireless charging system is controlled, the input voltage amplitude of each wireless charging module is adjusted according to the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix, and the output control and the current balance of the multi-module wireless charging system are realized by combining the input voltage phase difference.
According to the voltage optimization joint control method suitable for the multi-module wireless charging system, the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system is used as a feedback quantity to be compared with a total output current reference value by adopting a phase shift control method, an input voltage reference value is determined through a PID compensation network, and a reference voltage value is adjusted according to the input voltage reference value.
In the foregoing voltage optimization joint control method applicable to a multi-module wireless charging system, the determining of the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix includes the following steps: firstly, determining a voltage phase meeting the condition in a multi-module wireless charging system according to the condition that the current amplitudes of loops at the spatial symmetry positions are equal, and then uniquely determining an input voltage phase difference between wireless charging modules through integer programming according to the condition that the efficiency is optimal and the active power at the input side of each wireless charging module is balanced; and secondly, after the input voltage phase is determined, obtaining two input voltage amplitude ratio matrixes of the wireless charging modules according to the fact that current amplitudes of an inverter circuit and a rectifier bridge circuit in the multi-module wireless charging system are equal, weighting the two input voltage amplitude ratio matrixes, and determining the final input voltage amplitude ratio matrix of the multi-module wireless charging system.
In the foregoing voltage optimization joint control method suitable for a multi-module wireless charging system, the optimal voltage phase of the multi-module wireless charging system is 0 ° or 180 °.
In the voltage optimization joint control method suitable for the multi-module wireless charging system, the formula for adjusting the input voltage amplitude of each wireless charging module by using the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0003631771420000031
in the formula: u shapeinnAn input voltage amplitude of an nth wireless charging module, wherein n is 1,2, 3; r isnThe ratio of the input voltage amplitude of the nth wireless charging module to the input voltage amplitude of the first wireless charging module is 1,2 and 3; w is an1And wn2Weighting coefficients, n being 1,2,3, respectively; y isinnAnd YoutnThe method is a dimensionless coefficient expression, and n is 1,2 and 3, and can be calculated by a mutual inductance parameter and an equivalent alternating current load resistance.
Compared with the prior art, the wireless charging modules of the invention all adopt LCC compensation topology, the reference voltage value (namely the reference phase shift angle) of the multi-module wireless charging system is controlled by taking the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system as a feedback quantity, the input voltage amplitude of each wireless charging module is adjusted according to the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix, and the purpose of output control and basic balance of each loop current under the conditions of right alignment and offset of any multi-module wireless charging system is realized by combining the input voltage phase difference. The method can realize the control of the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system with the LCC topology and the basic balance of the current of each loop through a control means, is suitable for various conditions of the multi-module wireless charging system, does not influence the universality of the scheme by a compensation mode, load property, module quantity, placement and the like, and has good adaptability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a multi-module wireless charging system;
fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit of a two-module wireless charging system of an LCC topology;
fig. 3 is a fundamental wave equivalent circuit of a two-module wireless charging system of an LCC topology;
fig. 4 is a voltage optimization joint control block diagram of a multi-module wireless charging system of an LCC topology;
fig. 5 is a diagram of a simulation coil structure of a seven-module wireless charging system of an LCC topology;
fig. 6 is a current waveform diagram of an inverter loop under a facing condition of a seven-module wireless charging system of an LCC topology;
fig. 7 is a current waveform diagram of a rectifier bridge loop under the condition that a seven-module wireless charging system of an LCC topology is just aligned.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment is as follows: a voltage optimization joint control method suitable for a multi-module wireless charging system comprises a plurality of wireless charging modules, wherein each wireless charging module comprises a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a set of independent transmitting end circuit and a set of independent receiving end circuit; the transmitting end circuit consists of a direct current input, an inverter and a compensation network of an LCC structure; the receiving end circuit is composed of a rectifier bridge and a compensation network (which can also comprise a DC-DC converter) of the LCC structure, and parameters in the LCC compensation network are consistent with parameters when a wireless charging system of the single-channel double-side LCC structure is completely compensated. The output sides of all the wireless charging modules are connected in parallel to output the same load; the wireless charging modules all adopt LCC compensation topology.
In this embodiment, a multi-module wireless charging system is shown in fig. 1. Taking a two-module system as an example, the input-output relationship of the LCC topology multi-module wireless charging system is analyzed, an equivalent circuit of the LCC topology multi-module wireless charging system is shown in fig. 2, a fundamental wave equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 3, and parameters of the LCC compensation circuit are set as follows:
Figure BDA0003631771420000051
wherein: subscript (═ 1,2, …, n) denotes the first module; omega0Which is indicative of the resonant frequency,
Figure BDA0003631771420000052
and
Figure BDA0003631771420000053
respectively representing the series compensation inductances of the primary and secondary sides,
Figure BDA0003631771420000054
and
Figure BDA0003631771420000055
respectively representing the self-inductance of the transmit coil and the receive coil,
Figure BDA0003631771420000056
and
Figure BDA0003631771420000057
parallel compensation capacitors respectively representing a primary side and a secondary side;
Figure BDA0003631771420000058
and
Figure BDA0003631771420000059
respectively representing the series compensation capacitance of the primary side and the secondary side,
Figure BDA00036317714200000510
and
Figure BDA00036317714200000511
respectively representing the currents of the series compensation inductors of the primary side and the secondary side,
Figure BDA00036317714200000512
and
Figure BDA00036317714200000513
representing the currents of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, respectively;
from equation (1) and fig. 3, the loop current values are found as follows:
Figure BDA00036317714200000514
expanding the current expression to an n-module wireless charging system, wherein the current expression of the ith module is as follows:
Figure BDA0003631771420000061
through the formula (3), it can be seen that the transmitting coil current of each wireless charging module in the multi-module wireless charging system is only influenced by the amplitude of the input voltage, and the receiving coil current amplitudes of the wireless charging modules are only influenced by the amplitude of the output voltage and are completely equal. By setting the upper limit of the amplitude of the input voltage, the maximum current of the transmitting coil can be determined; the maximum current of the receiving coil can be determined taking into account the maximum overshoot of the output voltage amplitude during the closed loop adjustment. And the maximum current is not influenced by the position of the coil, the current system power and the like. Therefore, the maximum current of the coil can be calculated in the design stage, and the maximum current cannot be exceeded in any extreme case, so that the main purpose of the multi-module wireless charging system control is to ensure the basic balance of the loop currents of the inverter and the rectifier bridge.
The method adopted by the embodiment is to use the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system as a feedback quantity, control the reference voltage value (namely, phase shift angle) of the multi-module wireless charging system, and adjust the input voltage amplitude (namely, phase shift angle) of each wireless charging module according to the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix, so as to realize the output control and current balance of the multi-module wireless charging system.
The total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system is used as a feedback quantity to be compared with a total output current reference value by adopting a phase shift control method, an input voltage reference value is determined through a PID compensation network, and a reference voltage value is adjusted according to the input voltage reference value.
The input voltage secondary value ratio matrix is determined by firstly determining the voltage phase of the multi-module wireless charging system, and then calculating the input voltage phase difference between the wireless charging modules through integer programming according to the conditions of optimal efficiency and balanced active power at the input side of each wireless charging module; after the input voltage phase is determined, according to symmetrical current distribution of an inverter loop and a rectifier bridge loop in the multi-module wireless charging system, obtaining two wireless charging module input voltage amplitude ratio matrixes, weighting the two input voltage amplitude ratio matrixes, and determining the final input voltage amplitude ratio matrix of the multi-module wireless charging system.
Taking the wireless charging system with two wireless charging modules as an example, for a multi-module wireless charging system with rotational symmetry about the z-axis, the cross-coupling at the offset position with spatial symmetry has a symmetric relationship, and the relationship between the right-side coupling and the same-side cross-coupling can be written as follows:
Figure BDA0003631771420000071
where superscript' denotes the parameters of one of the symmetric offset positions.
For the multi-module wireless charging system, the minimum voltage stress should be ensured as much as possible under the spatial symmetry position. If the current distribution situation at the position of the space symmetry is not symmetrical, the amplitude of the loop current with the maximum amplitude can be reduced by adjusting the amplitude and the phase distribution of the input voltage, and a better solution is found. This indicates that symmetry of current distribution at spatially symmetric locations is a necessary inadequate condition for minimal current stress. Therefore, the current subdivision symmetry at the spatially symmetric position is taken as a condition to solve the input voltage phase.
Since the transmitting coil current is only affected by the input voltage, the symmetry of the input voltage can be obtained by the transmitting coil current symmetry. The relationship between input voltage and non-on-side cross-coupling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003631771420000081
wherein
Figure BDA0003631771420000082
Representing the magnitude of the input voltage.
The output voltage is expressed in a form of multiplying the output current by the equivalent AC load resistance and is taken into the formula (2) to obtain
Figure BDA0003631771420000083
And
Figure BDA0003631771420000084
Figure BDA0003631771420000085
wherein
Figure BDA0003631771420000086
Representing an equivalent ac load resistance.
According to the condition of current symmetry, the following steps are obtained:
Figure BDA0003631771420000087
by bringing the formula (7) into the formula (6), it is possible to obtain
Figure BDA0003631771420000091
For any input voltage amplitude, equation (7) holds, and can be found:
θ12＝θ2-θ10 degree or 180 degree, formula (9)
Wherein theta is1And theta2Representing the phase of the input voltage, theta, of the first and second modules, respectively12The phase difference of the input voltages of the first module and the second module is represented, that is, the phase difference of the optimal input voltages of the multi-module wireless charging system is 0 ° or 180 °.
The phase of equation (9) is substituted back to equation (2) to derive
Figure BDA0003631771420000092
And
Figure BDA0003631771420000093
are equal in magnitude. According to two conditions that the active power is transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side as much as possible and the active power of the primary side of each module is balanced as much as possible, the following integer programming equation can be written as follows:
Figure BDA0003631771420000094
wherein
Figure BDA0003631771420000095
For clarity, the above equation uses a four module wireless charging system as an example. The above formula can be simply explained as making the input voltages of the adjacent modules reverse as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the balance of the active power of the primary side.
The output voltage is expressed as the product of the output current and the equivalent ac load resistance and is taken into equation (3), which can be simplified to obtain the following matrix equation system:
Figure BDA0003631771420000101
in the formula: y isinn_nAnd Youtn_nEach of the admittance coefficients, n being 1,2,3, and Y being an admittance coefficientinn_nAnd admittance coefficient Youtn_nCalculating through mutual inductance parameters and equivalent alternating current load resistance; the mutual inductance parameter can be obtained through off-line measurement, and the equivalent alternating current load resistance can be obtained through calculation according to the output resistance and the output side current.
The phase obtained by equation (9) is substituted into equation (12), and according to the current symmetry condition, it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDA0003631771420000102
in the formula, YinnIs a dimensionless coefficient Yinn_nExpression of (A), YoutnIs a dimensionless coefficient Youtn_nThe expression of (1);
determining a weight coefficient w through the asymmetry degree of the inverter loop current and the rectifier bridge loop current1nAnd w2nN 1,2, 3.; and the weighting processing is carried out to obtain:
Figure BDA0003631771420000111
in the formula: u shapeinnAn input voltage amplitude of an nth wireless charging module, wherein n is 1,2, 3; r isnThe ratio of the input voltage amplitude of the nth wireless charging module to the input voltage amplitude of the first wireless charging module is 1,2 and 3; w is an1And wn2Weight coefficients, n ═ 1,2,3, respectively; y isinnAnd YoutnThe method is a dimensionless coefficient expression, and n is 1,2 and 3, and can be calculated by a mutual inductance parameter and an equivalent alternating current load resistance.
According to the relation between the fundamental wave input voltage and the phase shift angle:
Figure BDA0003631771420000112
the mutual transformation of the input voltage amplitude and the input phase shift angle can be realized, and the control quantity is selected as the input voltage amplitude in order to ensure the consistency in expression.
At this time, the phase and amplitude ratio of the input voltage are all determined, and a control block diagram of the multi-module wireless charging system can be obtained, as shown in fig. 4 (phase shift modulation is a control method of phase shift modulation in fig. 4; and a gate driver signal of module is a driving signal of the wireless charging module). Therefore, the input voltage amplitude (namely phase shift angle) of each wireless charging module is adjusted according to the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix, and current output control and balance of each loop current under the conditions of right alignment and deviation of the multi-module wireless charging system are achieved.
In the embodiment, a seven-module wireless charging system with a rated power of 200KW is taken as an example, and verification is performed under two conditions of being right and deviating 7.5cm respectively. The coil structure uses hexagonal coils, and the space structure is shown in fig. 5. The inductance and phase parameters obtained by simulation are shown in the following table 1:
parameter(s) Numerical value
L1T 27.4μH
M1T1R 7.2μH
M1T2T -0.91μH
M1T2R -0.59μH
M1T3T -0.20μH
M1T3R -0.20μH
M1T4T -0.13μH
M1T4R -0.13μH
Θ1、Θ3、Θ5 0°
Θ2、Θ4、Θ6、Θ7 180°
W1 0.2
W2 0.8
TABLE 1
The electrical parameters in the circuit simulation are shown in table 2:
parameter(s) Numerical value
Total output power 210kW
Total output power at offset 150kW
Direct current input voltage 800V
DC output voltage 800V
Frequency of operation 85kHz
Series compensation inductance 14.51μH
TABLE 2
The circuit structure, the compensation mode and the control mode of the transmitting-end inverter are all arranged according to the embodiment of the invention. The waveform diagram of the circuit simulation obtained by the method of the invention is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Comparing the control method with the combined control method adopting the voltage phase in the table 1 and the combined control method adopting the input voltage in the same direction, the comparison results under the conditions of positive alignment and deviation are respectively shown in the following tables 3 and 4:
Figure BDA0003631771420000121
Figure BDA0003631771420000131
TABLE 3 comparison of simulation results (right alignment)
Figure BDA0003631771420000132
Table 4 comparison of simulation results (offset)
As can be seen from the comparison results of the circuit simulations in tables 3 and 4, the output control of the present invention under the conditions of alignment and offset of the multi-module wireless charging system is better in current equalization degree and smaller in unbalance degree compared with the case of using only the joint control, and is more suitable for the multi-module wireless charging system.
In summary, the wireless charging modules of the present invention all use LCC compensation topology, and control the reference input voltage of the multi-module wireless charging system by using the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system as the feedback quantity, and then adjust the input voltage of each wireless charging module according to the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix, thereby achieving the purpose of output control and basic equalization of each loop current under the conditions of facing and offset of any multi-module wireless charging system. The method can realize the control of the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system with the LCC topology and the basic balance of the current of each loop through a control means, is suitable for various conditions of the multi-module wireless charging system, does not influence the universality of the scheme by a compensation mode, load property, module quantity, placement and the like, and has good adaptability.

Claims (5)

1. A voltage optimization joint control method suitable for a multi-module wireless charging system comprises a plurality of wireless charging modules, wherein each wireless charging module comprises a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a transmitting end circuit and a receiving end circuit; the output sides of all the wireless charging modules are connected in parallel to output the same load; the method is characterized in that: the wireless charging modules adopt LCC compensation topology, the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system is used as feedback quantity, the reference voltage value of the multi-module wireless charging system is controlled, the input voltage amplitude of each wireless charging module is adjusted according to the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix, and the output control and the current balance of the multi-module wireless charging system are realized by combining the input voltage phase difference.
2. The voltage optimization joint control method suitable for the multi-module wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein: and comparing the total output current of the multi-module wireless charging system serving as a feedback quantity with a total output current reference value by adopting a phase shift control method, determining an input voltage reference value through a PID (proportion integration differentiation) compensation network, and adjusting the reference voltage value according to the input voltage reference value.
3. The voltage optimization joint control method suitable for the multi-module wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein: the determination of the input voltage magnitude ratio matrix comprises the steps of: firstly, determining voltage phases meeting the conditions in a multi-module wireless charging system according to the conditions that current amplitudes of loops at spatially symmetrical positions are equal, and then determining input voltage phase differences among wireless charging modules through integer programming according to the conditions of optimal efficiency and balanced active power at the input side of each wireless charging module; and secondly, after the input voltage phase is determined, obtaining two input voltage amplitude ratio matrixes of the wireless charging modules according to the fact that current amplitudes of an inverter circuit and a rectifier bridge circuit in the multi-module wireless charging system are equal, weighting the two input voltage amplitude ratio matrixes, and determining the final input voltage amplitude ratio matrix of the multi-module wireless charging system.
4. The voltage optimization joint control method suitable for the multi-module wireless charging system according to claim 3, wherein: the optimal voltage phase of the multi-module wireless charging system is 0 ° or 180 °.
5. The voltage optimization joint control method suitable for the multi-module wireless charging system according to claim 3, wherein: the formula for adjusting the input voltage amplitude of each wireless charging module by the input voltage amplitude ratio matrix is as follows:
Figure FDA0003631771410000021
in the formula: u shapeinnAn input voltage amplitude of an nth wireless charging module, wherein n is 1,2, 3; r isnThe ratio of the input voltage amplitude of the nth wireless charging module to the input voltage amplitude of the first wireless charging module is 1,2 and 3; w is an1And wn2Weighting coefficients, n being 1,2,3, respectively; y isinnAnd YoutnThe method is a dimensionless coefficient expression, and n is 1,2 and 3, and is obtained by calculating mutual inductance parameters and equivalent alternating current load resistance.
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