CN114723422B

CN114723422B - Block chain-based large transaction and settlement system

Info

Publication number: CN114723422B
Application number: CN202210118617.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡维德
Original assignee: Tianmin Qingdao International Sandbox Research Institute Co ltd; Zeu Crypto Networks Inc
Current assignee: Tianmin Qingdao International Sandbox Research Institute Co ltd; Zeu Crypto Networks Inc
Priority date: 2021-10-15
Filing date: 2022-02-08
Publication date: 2023-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-08
Also published as: CN114723422A

Abstract

The invention provides a large settlement system based on a blockchain, which is suitable for intra-and cross-border payment and comprises the following components: a data input system: consisting of one or more transaction systems and one or more RTGS systems for providing transaction data that has been transacted but has not yet been settled; a plurality of settlement systems: the system consists of a plurality of sub-settlement systems and a blockchain data lake system; the supervision system consists of a plurality of international and domestic supervision units and a blockchain supervision system; and a data output system: a system that is a bank or financial institution; network: the data input system, the plurality of settlement systems, the supervision system and the data output system are connected through a network. The one or more transaction systems include one or more backbone systems responsible for transactions; one or more RTGS systems are responsible for transactions and temporary settlement; the bank or the financial institution settlement system can be a financial institution blockchain settlement system or a traditional financial system; the financial institution blockchain settlement system includes a plurality of financial institutions and an account system.

Description

Block chain-based large transaction and settlement system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of blockchains, and particularly relates to a blockchain-based large-scale transaction and settlement system.

Background

Transaction systems typically contain two or three of the following mechanisms: transaction, settlement, clearing. A transaction is a business that pays both parties, e.g., a pays $ B100, but the implementation of the transaction requires at least an agreed upon price, time, place, and manner. Settlement is the transfer of actual value, e.g., funds from account A to account B. Once settlement is completed, funds are difficult to retrieve due to the transfer of funds. Clearing is the transfer between banks, and after the bank receives the transfer, the transfer is distributed to customer accounts in the bank. No clearing is involved in the transaction and settlement system, only digital currency settlement issues are discussed. Clearing requires other mechanisms.

In conventional blockchain transactions and settlement systems, conventional digital token system transactions are settled and once the transaction is completed, funds are transferred immediately and it is almost impossible to retrieve. Such transaction systems are prone to the following problems: since the transaction is just a settlement, if illegal income is found to be legal later, but since the transaction has been settled, there is no way for funds to be found back. Some students consider that the digital currency transaction must be a settlement, but most of the authorities, banks and financial institutions choose to separate the transaction from the settlement, which is convenient for supervision. However, digital currency settlement has been a blank in the past, and little prior art has been involved in this regard, and most of the prior art is only discussed in terms of what is not needed.

The facebook changes its system architecture: the facebook issues a new version of the white paper at month 4 of 2020, giving up the public chain layout for participation by local financial institutions, which are virtual asset service providers (Virtual Asset Service Providers, VASPs). Each VASP may have its own account system and may conduct local transactions. But the cross-line transaction requires passing through the face book blockchain system. The face book system development transaction and settlement system is firstly published as a settlement platform Fastpay paper ("Fastpay: high-Performance Byzantine Fault Tolerant Settlement" author Mathieu Baudet, etc.) published by the face book stabilizing coin system in the year 2020, and a High-speed settlement platform is established by using a block chain-like technology. The settlement platform can be a background system of a main blockchain system (main chain for short) or a background system of a Real-time full settlement (Real-Time Gross Settlement, RTGS) system, which is responsible for transaction settlement. Due to this design, a financial transaction system will be open for transactions and settlements, and after separation, there will be more time for the supervisory mechanism to execute the supervisory algorithm. The FastPay system of the facebook is still an experimental prototype, and many practical problems are not yet dealt with, and are still distant from practical applications, including the following several important problems that have not yet been solved:

Regulatory problems: many digital steady coin transactions are cross-border payments. Traditionally, cross-border payments of digital tokens have not been under any government regulation or administration, such as the administration of foreign exchange. But this situation is no longer possible and countries around the world represent cross-border payment transactions for which facebooks are to be supervised. But there is no such mechanism in the FastPay system. The supervision of the national payment is more complex than the supervision of the national payment, because the national payment is required to meet the international supervision rules and also meet the supervision rules of the governments in the country;

privacy problem: the FastPay system assumes that there are multiple authoritative (Authority) nodes or institutions involved in voting, and all settlements are communicated to these authoritative nodes so that these authoritative nodes have all transaction information. The problem is that as global digital currency transactions, most of domestic payment transaction information and transnational transaction information are unwilling to be shared to a third country;

performance problems: fastPay states that the transaction system can handle 8 tens of thousands of transactions in one second, but this is assuming performance data in a cluster environment, in an environment without regulatory mechanisms, and in the case where the data is fully shared. Once the data are placed in different corners of the world, the data are required to be subjected to network communication, and under the conditions that the data are not shared and the data are not shared, the performance is far worse than that of a facebook experiment report;

No blockchain system is used: fastPay uses a number of mechanisms commonly used for blockchain distribution, including encrypted delivery, voting, simple Bayesian general agreement, but these mechanisms do not guarantee that the data will not be altered since they are not packaged for reuse as a blockchain system. The data is modifiable after the data is placed at the FastPay authority node. Any participating nodes, including authoritative nodes and intermediate processing nodes, also do not have data to be chained, and therefore, data may be altered in the system;

a large number of communications: in the blockchain system, transactions are processed together in a group by group, for transactions, blockchain is to reduce the number of communications to carry out wholesale processing instead of each transaction being processed independently, and each settlement is shared comprehensively through all authoritative nodes; in the FastPay system, settlement is one settlement, a group of transaction settlement is not adopted, and each transaction needs at least 3 encrypted communication, which does not conform to the transaction principle of the blockchain, so that the performance is reduced; book of face system if the account book declares that the system can support global customers, i.e. can support billions of customer transactions, but billions of account systems each transaction is handled separately, which can create significant functional and performance problems;

Large data storage requirements: the FastPay system is ambiguous in account description, perhaps because the system has not yet been deployed, how the account data is deployed, or unknowns. Assuming that all accounts are stored at all authoritative nodes, the amount of data would be very large and since FastPay proposes experimental fragmentation to support large amounts of data, the speculative data storage requirements would be very large.

The system architecture does not protect customer privacy: the FastPay system assumes that the participating financial institutions are all conducting settlement jobs. However, this design has the disadvantage that the participating financial institutions are reluctant to have the same information in other financial institutions, which can reveal the customer's private information to unrelated financial institutions, with an unpredictable loss.

Traditionally, digital money transactions have been settled, but also on the network. Therefore, the method is easy to legal illegal income and is not compatible with the current international currency system. In the last two years, a mechanism for separating digital currency settlement and transaction is started by a face book stable currency system, however, the face book settlement system does not use a blockchain system and basically can only be carried out in one cluster, and is far from the actual system implementation.

Since transactions and settlements are separated, the digital currency mechanism leads to a completely new digital currency market structure, and a completely new settlement mechanism.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a large-scale transaction and settlement system based on a blockchain, which comprises an international and domestic supervision mechanism, wherein key intermediate processing data and final data are placed in the blockchain system, so that the fact that the settlement system cannot cheat in honest is ensured, and privacy is protected at the same time.

The invention aims to provide a large-scale settlement system based on a blockchain, which is suitable for intra-and cross-border payment and comprises the following components:

a data input system: consisting of one or more transaction systems and one or more RTGS systems for providing transaction data that has been transacted but has not yet been settled;

a plurality of settlement systems: the system consists of a plurality of sub-settlement systems and corresponding blockchain data lake systems;

and (3) a supervision system: consists of a plurality of international and domestic supervision units and corresponding blockchain supervision systems;

and a data output system: a system that is a bank or financial institution;

network: connecting the data input system, the plurality of settlement systems, the supervision system and the data output system through the network, wherein the network can be a special line, or the Internet, or a form of an interlinking network, and the special line is the safest but the most expensive; if the Internet is used, the system transmission needs encryption; the interlink network is provided with an encryption mechanism;

Wherein the one or more transaction systems comprise one or more backbone systems, the backbone systems being responsible for transactions;

the one or more RTGS systems are responsible for transactions and temporary settlement;

after the transaction information which has passed the flow is obtained from the main chain system or the RTGS system by a plurality of settlement systems, updating an account system in a bank or a financial institution according to the transaction information, wherein the account system represents that the transaction is settled; if the account does not have a sufficient balance or does not pass a process that prevents illegal revenue from being legal, the transaction is denied;

the bank or the financial institution settlement system can be a financial institution blockchain settlement system or a traditional financial system, and each blockchain system or the traditional financial system is responsible for the settlement of each bank; the financial institution blockchain settlement system includes a plurality of financial institutions and an account system, the plurality of financial institutions being distributed in different countries, each having an independent account system.

Preferably, the large settlement system further comprises a total blockchain settlement system, a plurality of sub settlement systems responsible for settlement of international or domestic transactions, and one or more blockchain data lake systems, wherein:

Some of the plurality of sub-settlement systems are responsible for settling domestic transactions in different countries and therefore need to be connected to a plurality of banking systems in the same country;

some of the multiple sub-settlement systems are responsible for settling cross-border transactions and therefore need to connect with multiple banking systems in different countries;

each of the plurality of sub-settlement systems needs to be connected with a domestic regulatory agency, and if the sub-settlement systems participate in cross-border transactions, the sub-settlement systems also need to be connected with an international regulatory agency system, and as the cross-border transactions are at least two countries to participate, the sub-settlement systems need to be connected with a plurality of international regulatory agencies;

each sub-settlement system is connected to the total blockchain computing system and is connected to one or more blockchain data lakes associated with the total blockchain computing system;

after each sub-settlement system finishes settlement, whether settlement is successful or unsuccessful, reporting the settlement to the total blockchain calculation system by a double-locking protocol of a blockchain data lake;

the blockchain data lake system comprises a large database system and an associated blockchain system, wherein the large database system is connected with the general settlement and sub-settlement system, any completed settlement data is reserved on the database and also reserved on the associated blockchain system, the data on the database and the general settlement system and the sub-settlement system use a double-locking protocol to ensure that the data on the settlement system are in a true existence database and also in the associated blockchain system, and the large database is provided with an expansibility mechanism which can process the settlement data transmitted by a large number of sub-settlement systems.

Preferably, each sub-settlement system is provided with a block chain system, and is independently separated from a main chain system in a transaction system, and the large-scale settlement system is as follows:

1) The whole large-scale settlement system is provided with only one blockchain system; or (b)

2) The large settlement system has a plurality of blockchain systems plus a blockchain data lake system: the system comprises a total settlement system and a sub settlement system, wherein the sub settlement system is responsible for partial settlement business, after the sub settlement system settles, the settlement data are stored in the total settlement system by using the technology of a blockchain data lake, the total settlement system has all data, and the sub settlement system only has partial data, but the data on the total system and the sub system adopt a double-locking protocol, so that the synchronization of the data on two sides can not be changed; or (b)

3) Adding a domestic sub-settlement system according to the requirement of an actual settlement system, wherein the settlement function of the domestic sub-settlement system can be added into the original sub-settlement system or other new sub-settlement systems can be established; if the function is added on the original system, the domestic sub-settlement system adds new bank information; if some new sub-settlement systems are established, the sub-settlement systems are registered and fused in a large-scale settlement system; whether adding new bank information or adding a new sub-settlement system on the original sub-system, the system needs to interact and be compatible with the total settlement system and the data lake; the newly added bank also needs to be connected with a domestic supervision system; or (b)

4) According to the actual settlement system, a cross-border international sub-settlement system is added, and the cross-border international sub-settlement function of the cross-border international sub-settlement system can be added into the original international sub-settlement system or other new cross-border international sub-settlement systems can be established; if the function is added on the original system, adding new bank information to the cross-border international sub-settlement system; if a new cross-border international sub-settlement system is established, whether new bank information is added to the original sub-system or a new sub-settlement system is added, the sub-settlement systems need to interact and be compatible with the total settlement system and the data lake; the newly added bank needs to be connected with a plurality of international supervision authorities and domestic supervision authorities; or (b)

5) If the transaction two parties of a transaction are not managed in one sub-settlement system, selecting the sub-settlement system of the first transaction party as a main settlement system and finishing the transaction by cooperation with the sub-settlement system of the second transaction party; the blockchain systems of the two sub-settlement systems use a multi-chain based secure transaction system to exchange information for settlement, wherein the cross-chain system requires an intermediate chain system to store intermediate interaction information.

Preferably, the architecture of the domestic sub-settlement system has different deployment systems according to the requirements of different settlement systems, and the evolution process of the domestic sub-settlement system comprises:

At the beginning, only a few banks join, and only domestic payment is carried out, and the domestic sub-settlement system only needs one chain, one total settlement system and is connected with a domestic supervision organization, so that domestic settlement can be completed.

Many banks join, increasing the number of sub-settlement systems to maintain system performance, while total and sub-settlement systems appear, once the sub-settlement systems are established, the total settlement system needs to interact with the sub-settlement systems using blockchain data lakes, making the total and sub-settlement systems data consistent;

hundreds or thousands of banks, the overall settlement system employs a sharding mechanism, and the blockchain data lake also employs a sharding mechanism to serve a large number of sub settlement systems.

Preferably, the architecture of the cross-border settlement subsystem may have different deployment systems according to the requirements of different settlement systems, and the evolution process of the cross-border settlement subsystem includes:

only a few banks are initially joining and payment settlement is made in 2 countries. Firstly, a domestic sub-settlement system is required to be established, a plurality of participating banks are firstly engaged in domestic payment settlement, a cross-border settlement subsystem is established after the domestic sub-settlement system is established, and the cross-border international settlement can be completed by connecting an international and domestic supervision institutions only through one chain and one total settlement system of the cross-border settlement subsystem;

The method comprises the steps that a plurality of banks are added, the participating countries are increased, the settlement of different combined countries is settled by increasing the number of the cross-border settlement sub-settlement systems, the cross-border settlement sub-settlement systems process multi-country cross-border settlement, after the cross-border settlement sub-systems appear by increasing the cross-border settlement sub-settlement systems to maintain the performance of the system, the total settlement system needs to interact with the cross-border settlement sub-systems through a blockchain database, and therefore the data of the total settlement system and the sub-settlement system are consistent.

Hundreds or thousands of banks, the total settlement system needs to increase capacity, and the blockchain data lake runs on the cloud platform to expand capacity to serve a large number of sub settlement systems.

Preferably, the process of the settlement subsystem includes:

1) The general settlement system processes a transaction sent from the transaction system or processes the transaction by itself or gives the transaction to a sub-settlement system for processing;

2) The general settlement system or the sub-settlement system contacts the relevant banks, and if the transaction is domestic transaction, the general settlement system or the sub-settlement system contacts the relevant bank systems in the country; if the transaction is cross-border, the transaction needs to be communicated with at least 2 national banks;

3) After the related bank checks that the transaction receives the information, whether the transaction can pass through the settlement is checked, if so, the transaction is returned to the settlement system, otherwise, the transaction is not returned;

4) The general settlement system or the sub-settlement system obtains the reply of the related banks to agree to the settlement without agreeing, and if the two banks agree to each other, the reply is sent to the related banks for settlement; if any bank considers that the transaction is not carried out, notifying the related bank of the settlement failure, and keeping the account balance unchanged.

5) And uploading the success or failure of settlement to a general settlement system or a sub-settlement system and a related blockchain database.

6) The banks of the settlement parties use a clearing mechanism between the banks to transfer funds.

Preferably, one settlement system includes a blockchain data lake interacting with a plurality of transaction systems, the transaction systems including a backbone transaction system and an RTGS system; the blockchain data lake provides different privacy protection mechanisms according to different requirements; the regulatory units may participate in the blockchain system of the financial institution they are administering, as well as in the blockchain data lake and related blockchain operations of the settlement system.

Preferably, an illegal revenue prevention legal database is used in the transaction system and the RTGS system, and an illegal revenue prevention legal mechanism is used in the illegal revenue prevention legal database. After the mechanism is used, the system obtains new data, new algorithm and/or new illegal income prevention legal scene to be fed back into the illegal income prevention legal database through machine learning, the illegal income legal database is prevented from having its own blockchain system to ensure that the data is not altered. The illegal income prevention legal database system notifies any supervision report to the transaction system and the bank settlement system.

Preferably, the financial institution joins a plurality of financial institution blockchain settlement systems; a financial institution prepares a blockchain system for each settlement system, and gathers the blockchain systems in the same blockchain-based large transaction and settlement system, wherein a plurality of blockchain systems are matched and completed cooperatively; the settlement system is used for ensuring that settlement reaches the corresponding account system of the bank at the same time and recording key settlement flow data and final settlement data; the transaction system, the settlement system comprising the blockchain data lake, the total settlement system and the sub-settlement system and the banking system are in an intercommunication relationship.

The settlement system informs the transaction system of any transaction which does not pass settlement, and the successfully settled transaction is transmitted to the blockchain data lake and the settlement system of the related bank, so that each transaction is ensured to be tracked in the settlement system;

if these transaction systems or RTGS transactions are incorrect, the settlement system can find out. Once the transaction is found to be wrong, not completing the settlement operation;

the system of the supervision units can stop a transaction, the transaction is completed by adopting 'all-pass system' for the participation of a plurality of supervision units, and for a transaction, all the participating supervision units can complete the transaction only by passing supervision and inspection, and any supervision unit can end against the transaction.

Preferably, the transaction has been subjected to a first anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy check on the backbone or RTGS system, and a second anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy check on the settlement system, the second anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy check including an international, domestic and/or local anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy check; the two supervision algorithms are different, so that illegal income prevention legal analysis can be lightweight due to timeliness in a transaction system, but can be heavyweight due to illegal income prevention legal analysis in a settlement system; finally, the banking system can also perform legal analysis for preventing illegal income for the last time.

Preferably, each financial institution may have its own blockchain settlement system, recording updates to its account; or alternatively, a system using a conventional database type instead of the blockchain system, which can participate in the operations of the blockchain system in the settlement system, but is not found because the data in the database system can be changed; these blockchain systems or legacy systems need to interact with the settlement system, such as nodes joining these blockchain systems; a group of financial institutions agreeing to share data may use a blockchain computing system in combination, and because of the small size of these banks or financial institutions, they are willing to share data to complete the settlement.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

such settlement systems are distributed around the world using new technologies such as multi-chain, cross-chain, blockchain data lakes, etc., without being centralized within a cluster.

The above, as well as additional objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent in view of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a settlement system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a general architecture diagram of a settlement system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a settlement flow chart of a settlement system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a legal database for preventing illegal income according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the following description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following description, numerous specific details and specific examples are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention and to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the present invention to those skilled in the art. While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many other forms than those described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to make and use the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore the invention is not limited by the specific examples and figures disclosed below.

In the following description, numerous specific details and specific examples are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention and to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the present invention to those skilled in the art. While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many other forms than those described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to make and use the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore the invention is not limited by the specific examples and figures disclosed below.

The settlement system of the present embodiment obtains transactions that have just been completed but not settled from the transaction system, and after processing, settles the transactions in banks or financial institution systems distributed around the world. Settlement herein refers to settlement at a bank or financial institution, not at a blockchain system, even though the blockchain transaction system has settled, these "settled" transactions are only "temporary settlement" and not final settlement. All settlement is done here at a bank or financial institution. The temporarily settled transaction may also be rolled back without the funds in the bank account being changed. However, after settlement, the balance of the bank account changes and the transaction is difficult to roll back. The settlement starts from the data of the transaction system, cooperates with the bank system, updates the balance of the bank account and completes the transaction.

The transaction system of the present embodiment may be a blockchain transaction system, such as a digital currency transaction system, or a conventional RTGS system. Whether it is a blockchain transaction system or an RTGS settlement system, the settlement is "temporary settlement" and not final settlement at the bank. Settlement on the blockchain network is not the final settlement since here a model of funds presence banks is taken instead of a model of presence networks.

The present embodiment provides an independent and networked settlement system that can be connected to multiple transaction systems and multiple RTGS systems to complete the settlement of the system, and that is distributed throughout the world in banks or financial institutions rather than on a blockchain network. The settlement system is in fact a networked settlement system, in that it cooperates with a plurality of transaction systems and a plurality of banking systems, and there may be a plurality of sub-settlement systems within which the transaction settlement results still need to be sent to the overall settlement system. The whole process and system must maintain the completeness of transaction settlement, and the system is complex due to the many participating systems and the international and national rules, and the architecture of the settlement system is discussed herein.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for intra-and cross-border payment, including, as shown in fig. 1:

and a data output system: the system is a bank or a financial institution, and can be a financial institution blockchain settlement system or a traditional financial system;

The one or more RTGS systems are responsible for transactions and temporary settlements. The temporary settlement is done at RTGS, but not yet at the bank or financial institution.

After the transaction information which has passed the flow is obtained from the main chain system or the RTGS system by a plurality of settlement systems, updating an account system in a bank or a financial institution according to the transaction information, wherein the account system represents that the transaction is settled; if the account does not have a sufficient balance or does not pass the flow of preventing illegal revenue from being legal, the transaction is denied.

The bank or the financial institution settlement system can be a financial institution blockchain settlement system or a traditional financial system, and each blockchain system or the traditional financial system is responsible for the settlement of each bank. The financial institution blockchain settlement system includes a plurality of financial institutions and an account system, the plurality of financial institutions being distributed in different countries, each having an independent account system.

The settlement system comprises a total blockchain settlement system, a plurality of sub-settlement systems responsible for settlement of international or domestic transactions, and one or more blockchain data lake systems. The settlement system is constructed as follows:

Some of the sub-settlement systems are responsible for settling domestic transactions in different countries and therefore need to be connected to a plurality of banking systems in the same country;

each of the plurality of sub-settlement systems needs to be connected to a domestic regulatory agency, and if the cross-border transaction is participated, the sub-settlement systems also need to be connected to an international regulatory agency system, and as the cross-border transaction has at least two countries to participate, the sub-settlement systems need to be connected to a plurality of international regulatory agencies;

each sub-settlement system is connected to the overall settlement system while one or more blockchain data lakes associated with the overall settlement are connected;

after each sub-settlement system completes settlement, whether settlement is successful or unsuccessful, reporting to the general settlement system by using a double-locking protocol of the blockchain data lake;

the blockchain data lake system comprises a large database system and an associated blockchain system, the large database system is connected with the general settlement and sub-settlement system, any completed settlement data is reserved on the database and also reserved on the associated blockchain system, and the data cannot be changed. The data on the database and the general settlement system and the sub settlement system use a 'double locking protocol' to ensure that the data on the settlement system is in the database as well as in the associated blockchain system. Because the large database can have an expansibility mechanism, a large amount of settlement data transmitted by the sub-settlement system can be processed. Where blockchain data lakes are patents that applicant has earlier issued.

As a preferred embodiment, each of the sub-settlement systems has its own blockchain system, separate from the main chain system within the transaction system, and each sub-settlement system may have a number of options:

1) The large settlement system has only one blockchain system: the scene is suitable for small and medium-sized settlement systems, and the participating banks and transaction systems cannot be increased due to the small transaction amount.

2) The large settlement system has a plurality of blockchain systems plus a blockchain data lake system: the system comprises a total settlement system and a sub settlement system, wherein the sub settlement system is responsible for part of settlement business, after the sub settlement system settles, the settlement data are stored in the total settlement system by using the technology of 'blockchain data lake', the total settlement system has all data, and the sub settlement system has only part of data, but the data on the total system and the sub system adopt a double-locking protocol, so that the synchronization of the data on two sides can not be changed.

3) Depending on the needs of the actual settlement system, a domestic sub-settlement system can be added. For example, a bank can add the system to participate in domestic payment, and the settlement function can be added into the original sub-settlement system or a new sub-settlement system can be additionally established. If the functions are added on the original system, the sub-settlement systems need to add new bank information; if new sub-settlement systems are established, they need to be registered and fused with the settlement system. Whether new banking information is added to the original subsystem or a new sub-settlement system is added, interaction and compatibility with the general settlement system and the data lake are required. The newly joined bank also needs to connect to the national supervisory system.

4) According to the requirement of the actual settlement system, a cross-border international sub-settlement system can be added. For example, a bank can add the system to participate in international cross-border payment, and the settlement function can be added into the original international sub-settlement system or a new international sub-settlement system is additionally established. If the functions are added to the original systems, the systems need to add new bank information; if some new sub-settlement systems are established, whether new banking information is added to the original sub-system or new sub-settlement systems are added, these sub-settlement systems need to interact and be compatible with the general settlement system and the data lake. The newly joined bank needs to be connected to a plurality of international and domestic regulatory authorities systems.

5) If the transaction two parties of a transaction are not managed in one sub-settlement system, selecting the sub-settlement system of the first transaction party as a main settlement system and finishing the transaction by cooperation with the sub-settlement system of the second transaction party; the blockchain systems of the two sub-settlement systems exchange information using a multi-chain based secure transaction system for settlement, wherein the cross-chain system requires an intermediate chain system to store intermediate interaction information.

As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment, the architecture of the present embodiment is a flexible domestic settlement system architecture, and different deployment systems can be deployed according to the requirements of different settlement systems. The following is the evolution process of the domestic settlement system:

For example, initially, only a few banks join and only domestic payments are made, so that a settlement system may only need one chain, a total settlement system, to connect with a domestic regulatory agency to complete domestic settlement.

If a number of banks join, a sub-settlement system can be added to maintain the performance of the system, so that there is a total settlement system and sub-settlement system present. Once the sub-settlement system is present, the overall settlement system needs to interact with the sub-settlement system, which interaction is accomplished using the blockchain data lake, reconciling the overall settlement system with the sub-settlement system data.

If hundreds or thousands of banks are involved, the overall settlement system needs to have a sharding mechanism, and the blockchain data lake also has a sharding mechanism to serve a large number of sub-settlement systems.

As a preferred implementation, the architecture of the present embodiment is also a flexible cross-border settlement system architecture, and different deployment systems can be deployed according to the requirements of different settlement systems. The following is the evolution process of the international settlement system:

for example, at the beginning, only a few banks join, and payment settlement is made in 2 countries. Because in this environment, these banks can also make domestic payments and settlements, a domestic sub-settlement system needs to be established first, so that these participating banks can make domestic payments and settlements first. After establishment, the international settlement subsystem is established again, and the international settlement system can complete cross-border international settlement by only needing one chain and one total settlement system and connecting with international and domestic supervision authorities.

If multiple banks are added, the participating countries are also increased, thus requiring the addition of an international sub-settlement system to settle the settlement of different combined countries. For example, 3 countries (a, B, C) are involved, and there are (a, B), (B, C) 3 combinations of (a, C) that need to be processed. For example, 4 countries (a, B, C, D), i.e., (a, B), (a, C), (a, D), (B, C), (B, D), (C, D) combinations. If the number of countries increases, the combination of countries will increase exponentially. When the number is large, some sub-settlement systems need to deal with multi-national cross-border settlement. Sub-settlement systems may be added to maintain system performance so that there are total and sub-settlement systems present. Once the sub-settlement system is present, the overall settlement system needs to interact with the sub-settlement system, which interaction is accomplished using the blockchain data lake, reconciling the overall settlement system with the sub-settlement system data.

If hundreds or thousands of banks are added, the overall settlement system needs to increase capacity, while blockchain data lakes run on cloud platforms can be expanded to serve a large number of sub-settlement systems. Because the blockchain system attribute of the settlement system is a transaction blockchain, not an account blockchain, and the blockchain system attribute within the bank is an account blockchain. Account blockchains can be extended by a sharding process, and transaction blockchain systems can be extended with increased capacity and increased number of chains; the settlement chain attribute is a transaction blockchain that can be extended by adding capacity and adding a blockchain system. Thus, the settlement system can be expanded all the time, and tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of banks can be on line, so that all countries and banks in the world can join the settlement system.

As shown in fig. 3, the process of the settlement system includes:

7) The general settlement system processes a transaction sent from the transaction system or processes the transaction by itself or gives the transaction to a sub-settlement system for processing;

8) The general settlement system or the sub-settlement system contacts the relevant banks, and if the transaction is domestic transaction, the general settlement system or the sub-settlement system contacts the relevant bank systems in the country; if the transaction is cross-border, the transaction needs to be communicated with at least 2 national banks;

9) After the related bank checks that the transaction receives the information, whether the transaction can pass through the settlement is checked, if so, the transaction is returned to the settlement system, otherwise, the transaction is not returned;

10 The general settlement system or the sub-settlement system obtains the reply of the related banks to agree to the settlement without agreeing, and if the two banks agree to each other, the reply is sent to the related banks for settlement; if any bank considers that the transaction is not carried out, notifying the related bank of the settlement failure, and keeping the account balance unchanged.

11 If the settlement is successful or unsuccessful, to the overall settlement system (if it is a sub-settlement system) and associated blockchain database.

12 The banks of the settlement parties need to transfer funds worldwide, which can be resolved using an inter-bank clearing mechanism, the present patent does not discuss clearing procedures.

As a preferred embodiment, a settlement system includes a blockchain data lake interacting with a plurality of transaction systems including a backbone transaction system and an RTGS system. The blockchain data lake provides different privacy protection mechanisms according to different requirements; the regulatory units may participate in the blockchain system of the financial institution they are administering, as well as in the blockchain data lake and related blockchain operations of the settlement system. For example, the U.S. regulatory agency participates in the settlement system of U.S. banks, and this regulatory agency participates in the settlement system of China banks, but both the U.S. and China regulatory agencies participate in the international settlement system.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, an illegal revenue prevention legal database is used in the transaction system and the RTGS system, and an illegal revenue prevention legal mechanism is used in the illegal revenue prevention legal database. After the mechanism is used, the system obtains new data, new algorithm and/or new illegal income prevention legal scene to be fed back into the illegal income prevention legal database through machine learning, the illegal income legal database is prevented from having its own blockchain system to ensure that the data is not altered. The illegal income prevention legal database system notifies any supervision report to the transaction system and the bank settlement system.

As a preferred embodiment, a financial institution joins a plurality of financial institution blockchain settlement systems; a financial institution prepares a blockchain system for each settlement system, and aggregates the blockchain systems into the same blockchain-based large transaction and settlement system, and the matching and cooperation of a plurality of blockchain systems are completed.

The settlement system is used for ensuring that settlement reaches the corresponding account system of the bank at the same time and recording key settlement flow data and final settlement data; the transaction system, the settlement system (comprising the blockchain data lake, the total settlement system and the sub settlement system) and the banking system are in an interworking relationship.

The settlement system notifies the transaction system of any transactions that do not pass settlement, and the successfully settled transactions are transmitted to the blockchain data lake and the settlement system of the associated bank, ensuring that each transaction is tracked at the settlement system.

As a preferred embodiment, the settlement system can discover if these transaction systems are or RTGS transactions are incorrect. Once the transaction is found to be incorrect, the settlement operation is not completed. Since the cheater can conduct illegal transactions by engaging in transactions at a plurality of transaction platforms at the same time, if the same funds are transacted on different transaction systems due to settlement at banks or financial institutions, if 2 transactions come to the same bank from different transaction systems due to the fact that the funds still exist in one bank system, the bank can find the cheating behavior and stop the transaction in time. If the cheater uses more transaction systems, these cheating actions will be found, since funds are only available in one bank, which has enough information to find out these illegal revenue legal actions.

The supervision units comprise an international payment supervision system and a plurality of domestic payment supervision systems, wherein for cross-border payment, participating countries can deploy foreign exchange management mechanisms in the international payment supervision system, and the international payment supervision system is an external independent system or an intelligent contract system which cannot be changed and is provided by each participant; the plurality of domestic payment regulatory systems: providing by each participating country and deploying the respective domestic payment supervision rules on the respective domestic payment supervision system;

the system of the supervision units can stop a transaction to finish the transaction, and a plurality of supervision units participate in the transaction, so that the transaction can be finished by adopting 'all-pass-through-system', namely, for a transaction, all the participating supervision units can finish the transaction only by passing supervision and inspection, and any supervision unit can finish the transaction against the transaction.

As a preferred embodiment, the transaction has been subjected to a first anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy check on the backbone (or RTGS) system, and a second anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy check on the settlement system, the second anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy check including international, domestic and/or local anti-illegitimate revenue legitimacy checks; the two supervision algorithms are different, so that illegal income prevention legal analysis can be lightweight due to timeliness in a transaction system, but can be heavyweight due to illegal income prevention legal analysis in a settlement system; finally, the banking system can also perform legal analysis for preventing illegal income for the last time.

As a preferred embodiment, each financial institution may have its own blockchain settlement system, recording updates to its account; or alternatively, a conventional database-based system may be used instead of the blockchain system, which may participate in the operations of the blockchain system within the settlement system, but may not be discovered because the data within the database system may be altered. These blockchain systems or legacy systems need to interact with the settlement system, such as nodes joining these blockchain systems.

In a preferred embodiment, a group of financial institutions that agree to share data may use a blockchain computing system in combination, where the banking or financial institutions are relatively small and willing to share data to complete a settlement.

First preferred embodiment:

and (5) a domestic payment settlement system. The settlement institution can only be a domestic institution, one blockchain transaction system, a plurality of domestic settlement systems can be arranged after the transaction, and a plurality of domestic financial institutions participate in the transaction. Such a system may make domestic payments and settlements, with the final settlement data residing in a blockchain data lake, which may reside in a regulatory unit.

Second preferred embodiment:

International usual payment channels, such as philippines channels. In such a system, multiple philippines' financial institutions may participate. Here, the settlement facility can only be a philippines financial facility, and the financial facilities in other areas cannot participate. There may be a blockchain transaction system or multiple transaction systems where the transaction may be followed by settlement. The final settlement data is stored in a blockchain data lake, which may reside in an international regulatory agency such as the financial work special action group (Financial Action Task Force, FATF) and the philippines national regulatory agency.

Third preferred embodiment:

a number of international general payment channels, such as the philippine channel payment, and the united states and european union payment channels. In such a system, multiple philippines financial institutions may participate, as well as united states and european union financial institutions. Here, the settlement facility can only be a philippines, united states, european union financial facility, and financial facilities in other areas cannot participate. There may be a blockchain transaction system or multiple transaction systems where the transaction may be followed by settlement. The final settlement data is stored in a blockchain data lake, which may reside in international regulatory bodies such as FATF and national regulatory bodies of the philippines, united states, european union, etc.

Fourth preferred embodiment:

multiple international payment channels, including common channels or unusual channels. Any participating financial institution may participate in such a system, which may have a blockchain transaction system or multiple transaction systems, where post-transactions may be settled, with final settlement data residing in a blockchain data lake, which may reside in international regulatory units such as the FATF and participating nations' national regulatory units.

All four embodiments use new technologies of multi-chain, cross-chain, blockchain data lakes, etc., so that such settlement systems are distributed around the world without being concentrated in one cluster.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is not to be restricted by the embodiments but only by the appended claims. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope and spirit thereof.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for in-and cross-border payments, comprising:

and a data output system: a system that is a bank or financial institution;

network: connecting the data input system, the plurality of settlement systems, the supervision system and the data output system through the network, wherein the network is a special line, or the Internet, or a form of an interlinking network, and the special line is the safest but the most expensive; if the Internet is used, the system transmission needs encryption; the interlink network is provided with an encryption mechanism;

after the transaction information which has passed the flow is obtained from the main chain system or the RTGS system by a plurality of settlement systems, updating an account system in a bank or a financial institution according to the transaction information, wherein the account system represents that the transaction is settled; if the account does not have a sufficient balance or has not been validated by anti-illegitimate revenue, the transaction is denied;

The bank or the settlement system of the financial institution is a financial institution blockchain settlement system or a traditional financial system, and each blockchain system or the traditional financial system is responsible for the settlement of each bank; the financial institution blockchain settlement system comprises a plurality of financial institutions and an account system, wherein the plurality of financial institutions are distributed in different countries and each account system is independent;

the large settlement system further comprises a total blockchain settlement system, a plurality of sub-settlement systems responsible for settlement of international or domestic transactions, and one or more blockchain data lake systems, wherein:

2. The blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for in-and cross-border payments according to claim 1 wherein each sub-settlement system has its own blockchain system, separate from the backbone system within the transaction system, the large settlement system being:

3) Adding a domestic sub-settlement system according to the requirement of an actual settlement system, wherein the settlement function of the domestic sub-settlement system is added into the original sub-settlement system or other new sub-settlement systems are built; if the function is added on the original system, the domestic sub-settlement system adds new bank information; if some new sub-settlement systems are established, the sub-settlement systems are registered and fused in a large-scale settlement system; whether adding new bank information or adding a new sub-settlement system on the original sub-system, the system needs to interact and be compatible with the total settlement system and the data lake; the newly added bank also needs to be connected with a domestic supervision system; or (b)

4) According to the actual settlement system, adding a cross-border international sub-settlement system, wherein the cross-border international sub-settlement function of the cross-border international sub-settlement system is added into the original international sub-settlement system or other new cross-border international sub-settlement systems are established; if the function is added on the original system, adding new bank information to the cross-border international sub-settlement system; if a new cross-border international sub-settlement system is established, whether new bank information is added to the original sub-system or a new sub-settlement system is added, the sub-settlement systems need to interact and be compatible with the total settlement system and the data lake; the newly added bank needs to be connected with a plurality of international supervision authorities and domestic supervision authorities; or (b)

3. The blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for in-house and cross-border payments according to claim 2, wherein the architecture of the domestic sub-settlement system has different deployment systems according to the requirements of different settlement systems, and the evolution process of the domestic sub-settlement system comprises:

At the beginning, only a few banks join, and only domestic payment is carried out, and the domestic sub-settlement system only needs one chain, one total settlement system and is connected with a domestic supervision organization, so that domestic settlement can be completed;

many banks join, increase the number of sub-settlement systems to maintain the performance of the system, and at the same time, the occurrence of a total settlement system and a sub-settlement system occurs, once the sub-settlement system is established, the total settlement system needs to interact with the sub-settlement system by using a blockchain data lake, so that the total settlement system and the sub-settlement system are consistent in data;

hundreds or thousands of banks, the total settlement system adopts a slicing mechanism, and the blockchain data lake also adopts the slicing mechanism to serve a large number of sub settlement systems.

4. A blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for in-house and cross-border payments according to claim 2 wherein the architecture of the sub-settlement system responsible for settling cross-border transactions has different deployment systems depending on the requirements of the different settlement systems, the evolution of the cross-border settlement sub-system comprising:

only a few banks are added at the beginning and payment settlement is made in 2 countries. Firstly, a domestic sub-settlement system is required to be established, a plurality of participating banks are firstly engaged in domestic payment settlement, a cross-border settlement subsystem is established after the domestic sub-settlement system is established, and the cross-border international settlement can be completed by connecting an international and domestic supervision institutions only through one chain and one total settlement system of the cross-border settlement subsystem;

The method comprises the steps that a plurality of banks are added, the participating countries are increased, the settlement of different combined countries is settled by increasing the number of the cross-border settlement sub-settlement systems, the cross-border settlement sub-settlement systems process multi-country cross-border settlement, after the cross-border settlement sub-systems appear by increasing the cross-border settlement sub-settlement systems to maintain the performance of the system, the total settlement system needs to interact with the cross-border settlement sub-settlement systems through a blockchain database, and therefore the data of the total settlement system and the sub-settlement system are consistent;

hundreds or thousands of banks are added, the total settlement system needs to increase capacity, and the blockchain data lake runs on the cloud platform to expand capacity to serve a large number of sub settlement systems.

5. The blockchain-based large settlement system of claim 2 adapted for in-and cross-border payments, wherein the flow of a plurality of settlement systems comprises:

the general settlement system processes a transaction sent from the transaction system or processes the transaction by itself or gives the transaction to a sub-settlement system for processing;

the general settlement system or the sub-settlement system contacts the relevant banks, and if the transaction is domestic transaction, the general settlement system or the sub-settlement system contacts the relevant bank systems in the country; if the transaction is cross-border, the transaction needs to be communicated with at least 2 national banks;

After the related bank checks that the transaction receives the information, whether the transaction can pass through the settlement is checked, if so, the transaction is returned to the settlement system, otherwise, the transaction is not returned;

the general settlement system or the sub-settlement system obtains the reply of the related banks to agree to the settlement without agreeing, and if the two banks agree to each other, the reply is sent to the related banks for settlement; if any bank considers that the transaction is not carried out, notifying the related bank of the settlement failure, and keeping the account balance unchanged;

uploading success or failure of settlement to a general settlement system or a sub settlement system and a related blockchain database;

the banks of the settlement parties use a clearing mechanism between the banks to transfer funds.

6. The blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for in-and cross-border payments of claim 1, wherein one settlement system comprises a blockchain data lake interacting with a plurality of transaction systems, the transaction systems comprising a backbone transaction system and an RTGS system; the blockchain data lake provides different privacy protection mechanisms according to different requirements; the supervising entity participates in the blockchain system of the financial institution it is administering, as well as in the blockchain data lake and related blockchain operations of the settlement system.

7. The blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for in-and cross-border payments of claim 1 wherein an anti-illegal revenue legitimization database is used within the transaction system and within the RTGS system, the anti-illegal revenue legitimization mechanism being used within the anti-illegal revenue legitimization database; after the mechanism is used, the system obtains new data, new algorithm and/or new anti-illegal income legal scene through machine learning, feeds back the new data, the new algorithm and/or the new anti-illegal income legal scene into the anti-illegal income legal database, the anti-illegal income legal database has a block chain system of the anti-illegal income legal database to ensure that the data is not changed; the anti-illegal revenue legitimization database system informs any administrative reports to the transaction system and the bank settlement system.

8. The blockchain-based large settlement system of claim 1 adapted for in-and cross-border payments, wherein financial institutions join a plurality of financial institution blockchain settlement systems; a financial institution prepares a blockchain system for each settlement system, and gathers the blockchain systems in the same blockchain-based large transaction and settlement system, wherein a plurality of blockchain systems are matched and completed cooperatively; the settlement system is used for ensuring that settlement reaches the corresponding account system of the bank at the same time and recording key settlement flow data and final settlement data; the transaction system, the settlement system comprising the blockchain data lake, the total settlement system and the sub-settlement system and the bank system keep an intercommunication relationship;

if these transaction systems or RTGS transactions are wrong, the settlement system can find out; once the transaction is found to be wrong, not completing the settlement operation;

the system of the supervision units enables a transaction to stop completing the transaction, the situation that a plurality of supervision units participate is completed by adopting 'all-pass-through-system', for a transaction, all the participating supervision units need to pass supervision and inspection, the transaction can be completed, and any supervision unit can end against the transaction.

9. The blockchain-based large settlement system adapted for in-and cross-border payments of claim 7, wherein the transaction has undergone a first anti-illegal revenue validation check on the backbone or RTGS system, and a second anti-illegal revenue validation check on the settlement system, the second anti-illegal revenue validation check including international, domestic and/or local anti-illegal revenue validation checks; the two supervision algorithms are different, so that the illegal income prevention legal analysis can be lightweight due to timeliness in a transaction system, but can be heavyweight due to illegal income prevention legal analysis in a settlement system; finally, the bank system can also perform legal analysis of the last illegal income.

10. The blockchain-based large settlement system of claim 1 adapted for in-and cross-border payments, wherein each financial institution has its own blockchain settlement system, recording updates to its account; or alternatively, a system using a conventional database type instead of the blockchain system, which can participate in the operations of the blockchain system in the settlement system but is not found because the data in the database system is changed; these blockchain systems or legacy systems require interaction with the settlement system; a group of financial institutions agreeing to share data use a blockchain computing system in combination.