CN114720639A - System and method for monitoring radiation leakage of primary loop coolant - Google Patents
System and method for monitoring radiation leakage of primary loop coolant Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0055—Radionuclides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/24—Suction devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
- G01N2001/2238—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space the gas being compressed or pressurized
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring radiation leakage of a primary loop coolant, wherein the system comprises a sampling pipeline, a purging pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, an F-18 aerosol detector and an inert gas detector; the purging pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are both communicated with the sampling pipeline, and a sampling inlet, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a regulating valve, a flow meter, a third stop valve and a fourth stop valve are sequentially arranged on the sampling pipeline along the airflow direction; a purging inlet, a fifth stop valve, a one-way valve, a sixth stop valve, an aerosol and iodine filter and a seventh stop valve are sequentially arranged on the purging pipeline along the airflow direction; an eighth stop valve, a first sampling pump, a ninth stop valve, a tenth stop valve and an exhaust port are sequentially arranged on the exhaust pipeline along the air flow direction. The invention can be effectively applied to containment atmospheric radiation monitoring, has high radiation monitoring precision and detection efficiency and good radiation monitoring continuity, and avoids harm to environment and human beings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of containment atmospheric radiation monitoring, and particularly relates to a primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system and method.
Background
The nuclear power plant of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is generally composed of two closed circulation circuits, called primary and secondary circuits. The primary loop comprises a nuclear reactor (sealed in a pressure container), a main cooling water pump, a voltage stabilizer, a primary side of a steam generator and other equipment, and the pressure is kept at 120-160 atmospheric pressures; the second loop comprises a steam generator, a condenser, a main cooling water pump, a secondary side of the steam generator and the like, and the pressure is kept at 70 atmospheric pressures. The primary circuit connects the core and the steam generators in the secondary circuit.
In order to ensure that radioactive substances in the nuclear reactor do not escape into the environment and to avoid radiation pollution to humans and the environment, all the equipment in the primary circuit and the steam generators in the secondary circuit of the pressurized water nuclear power plant are installed in the containment.
In the containment, a pressure vessel, a voltage stabilizer, a main cooling water pump, a cooling water pipeline, primary side equipment of a steam generator, a sealing cover, a valve, a pipeline interface and the like which are connected with the primary side equipment form a pressure boundary of a coolant system of the pressurized water reactor. Due to various reasons such as manufacturing, installation, abrasion, corrosion and the like, the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling water in the primary loop may break through the pressure boundary constraint and leak into the containment. This leakage will have two serious consequences: firstly, the reactor is insufficient in cooling water amount, so that the safety accident of the operation of the reactor is caused; and secondly, radioactive substances contained in the primary loop water enter the environment, so that the environment and human are harmed. Therefore, the primary coolant leakage radiation must be continuously monitored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system is simple in structure, reasonable in design and convenient to implement, can be effectively applied to containment atmospheric radiation monitoring, is high in radiation monitoring precision and detection efficiency, good in radiation monitoring continuity, capable of timely and effectively finding that radioactive substances enter the containment atmosphere, capable of avoiding harm to the environment and human beings, good in use effect and convenient to popularize and use.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system comprises a sampling pipeline, a purging pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, an F-18 aerosol detector and an inert gas detector; the purging pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are both communicated with a sampling pipeline, and the F-18 aerosol detector and the inert gas detector are both arranged on the sampling pipeline; the sampling pipeline is sequentially provided with a sampling inlet, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a regulating valve, a flow meter, a third stop valve and a fourth stop valve along with the airflow direction, the F-18 aerosol detector is arranged between the second stop valve and the regulating valve, the inert gas detector is arranged between the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve, and a differential pressure gauge is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the F-18 aerosol detector; a purging inlet, a fifth stop valve, a one-way valve, a sixth stop valve, an aerosol and iodine filter and a seventh stop valve are sequentially arranged on the purging pipeline along the airflow direction, a section of the purging pipeline behind the seventh stop valve is communicated with a sampling pipeline, a section of the purging pipeline between the one-way valve and the sixth stop valve is connected with a first connecting pipe, and the other end of the first connecting pipe is communicated with a section of the sampling pipeline between the first stop valve and the second stop valve; the exhaust pipeline is sequentially provided with an eighth stop valve, a first sampling pump, a ninth stop valve, a tenth stop valve and an exhaust port along with the airflow direction, is communicated with a section of sampling pipeline behind the fourth stop valve, and is communicated with a section of sampling pipeline between the flow meter and the third stop valve through a second connecting pipe; and an eleventh stop valve, an iodine filter and a twelfth stop valve are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipe along the air flow direction.
In the loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system, a third connecting pipe is connected between the air inlet end of the eighth stop valve and the air outlet end of the ninth stop valve, and a thirteenth stop valve, a second sampling pump and a fourteenth stop valve are sequentially arranged on the third connecting pipe along with the air flow direction.
In the primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system, the F-18 aerosol detector and the inert gas detector are both arranged in the lead shielding chamber.
The loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system is characterized in that the sampling pipeline, the purging pipeline, the exhaust pipeline, the first sampling pump, the second sampling pump and the lead shielding chamber are all mounted on the integrated support.
In the primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system, the integrated support is further provided with an F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor, an inert gas in-situ radiation processor and an electric box, the F-18 aerosol detector is connected with the F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor, and the inert gas detector is connected with the inert gas in-situ radiation processor.
In the loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system, the F-18 aerosol detector comprises a shielding shell, a first chamber and a second chamber are arranged in the shielding shell, a beta sensitive plastic scintillator detector for detecting beta rays emitted by the F-18 aerosol is arranged in the first chamber, a NaITl detector for detecting gamma rays emitted by the F-18 aerosol is arranged in the second chamber, a filter chamber for sampling the F-18 aerosol is arranged between the beta sensitive plastic scintillator detector and the NaITl detector, a driving paper winding wheel and a driven paper winding wheel are arranged in the filter chamber, sampling filter paper is bridged between the driving paper winding wheel and the driven paper winding wheel, and the sampling filter paper is stretched between the beta sensitive plastic scintillator detector and the NaITl detector.
The invention also discloses a loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring method, which adopts the system and comprises the following steps:
step one, gas sampling;
the first stop valve is opened, the second stop valve is opened, the third stop valve is opened, the fourth stop valve is opened, the eighth stop valve is opened, the ninth stop valve is opened, the tenth stop valve is opened, the fifth stop valve is closed, the sixth stop valve is closed, the seventh stop valve is closed, the eleventh stop valve is closed, and the twelfth stop valve is closed; under the action of a first sampling pump, gas in the containment sequentially passes through a sampling inlet, a first stop valve and a second stop valve and enters an F-18 aerosol detector;
step two, F-18 aerosol radiation monitoring;
the F-18 aerosol detector pair in the sampled gas18F nuclide activity concentration is detected, the F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor carries out data processing and display, when18When the activity and concentration of the F nuclide exceed the alarm threshold, sending an audible and visual alarm signal and sending the alarm signal to a main control room;
step three, monitoring inert gas radiation;
the sampled gas passing through the F-18 aerosol detector sequentially enters the inert gas through the regulating valve, the flowmeter and the third stop valveIn a sexual gas detector; the inert gas detector is used for detecting the inert gas in the sampling gas85Kr、133Detecting the total activity concentration of nuclides such as Xe, carrying out data processing and display by the inert gas in-situ radiation processor, sending an audible and visual alarm signal when the activity concentration of the inert gas exceeds an alarm threshold value, and sending the alarm signal to a main control room;
step four, returning the sampled gas;
and the sampled gas passing through the inert gas detector sequentially passes through a fourth stop valve, an eighth stop valve, a first sampling pump, a ninth stop valve, a tenth stop valve and an exhaust port and returns to the containment.
In the method for monitoring radiation leakage of the primary loop coolant, in the process of the first step to the fourth step, when the F-18 aerosol detector fails or filter paper needs to be replaced, the second stop valve is closed, the sixth stop valve and the seventh stop valve are opened and closed, and sampling gas flows through the aerosol and iodine filter and then enters the inert gas detector; when the inert gas detector breaks down or filter paper needs to be replaced, the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve are closed, the eleventh stop valve and the twelfth stop valve are opened, and the sampled gas flows through the iodine filter.
According to the method for monitoring radiation leakage of the primary loop coolant, when sampling monitoring is completed and purging is required, the first stop valve is closed, the fifth stop valve is opened, and purging gas enters the sampling pipeline through the purging inlet, the fifth stop valve and the one-way valve in sequence for purging and is discharged through the exhaust pipeline.
In the method for monitoring radiation leakage of primary loop coolant, in the second step, the F-18 aerosol detector is used for detecting the radiation in the sampled gas18The specific process of detecting the activity concentration of the F nuclide comprises the following steps:
step 201, monitoring beta + particle rays emitted by decay of F-18, and counting;
step 202, monitoring gamma photon rays emitted by decay of F-18, and counting;
step 203, calculating to obtain a beta-gamma coincidence counting rate according to the digital multichannel counting;
step 204, calculating according to the beta-gamma coincidence counting rate18Activity concentration of F species.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the system of the invention has simple structure, reasonable design and convenient realization.
2. The invention uses an F-18 aerosol detector to measure the gas in the containment18Detecting the activity and concentration of the F nuclide; inert gas in containment vessel is detected by an inert gas detector85Kr、133The total activity concentration of the nuclides such as Xe is detected, and the leakage of the primary loop coolant is effectively monitored.
3. According to the invention, the gas circuit of the F-18 aerosol detector is connected with the aerosol and iodine filter in parallel, the gas circuit of the inert gas detector is connected with the iodine filter in parallel, and when a fault occurs or filter paper needs to be replaced, the radiation monitoring is uninterrupted by adjusting the opening of each stop valve, so that the continuity of the radiation monitoring is ensured.
4. According to the invention, the F-18 aerosol detector and the inert gas detector are both arranged in the lead shielding chamber, so that the influence of external gamma rays is reduced, the background counting rate is reduced, and the monitoring precision is improved.
5. The invention designs a first sampling pump and a second sampling pump, one is used and the other is standby, when one is overheated and stopped or damaged, the other is started immediately, and continuous sampling and measurement are ensured.
6. The invention adopts a beta-gamma coincidence method to measure the concentration of the gas in the sampled gas18The activity and concentration of the F nuclide are detected, and the detection efficiency is improved.
7. The invention can be effectively applied to containment atmospheric radiation monitoring, has high radiation monitoring precision and detection efficiency, can effectively find that radioactive substances enter the containment atmosphere in time, avoids causing harm to the environment and human beings, has good use effect and is convenient to popularize and use.
In conclusion, the system disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, reasonable in design, convenient to implement, high in radiation monitoring precision and detection efficiency, good in radiation monitoring continuity, good in using effect and convenient to popularize and use, can be effectively applied to containment atmospheric radiation monitoring, and can timely and effectively find that radioactive substances enter the containment atmosphere and avoid harm to the environment and human beings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system components of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an F-18 aerosol detector of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-sampling pipeline; 2-purging the pipeline; 3-exhaust pipeline;
4-F-18 aerosol detector; 4-1-a shielding shell; 4-2 — a first chamber;
4-3 — a second chamber; 4-beta sensitive plastic scintillator detectors;
4-5-NaITl detector; 4-6-filtering chamber; 4-7-driving paper winding wheel;
4-8-driven paper winding wheel; 4-9-sampling filter paper; 5-inert gas detector;
6-sampling inlet; 7-a first stop valve; 8-a second stop valve;
9-adjusting valve; 10-a flow meter; 11-a third stop valve;
12-a fourth stop valve; 13-purge inlet; 14-a fifth stop valve;
15-a one-way valve; 16-a sixth stop valve; 17-aerosol and iodine filter;
18-a seventh stop valve; 19-a first connecting pipe; 20-an eighth stop valve;
21-a first sampling pump; 22-ninth stop valve; 23-tenth stop valve;
24-an exhaust port; 25-a second connecting tube; 26-an eleventh stop valve;
27-an iodine filter; 28-a twelfth stop valve; 29-third connecting pipe;
30-a thirteenth stop valve; 31 — a second sampling pump; 32-a fourteenth stop valve;
33-lead shielded room; 34-an integrated support;
35-F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor; 36-inert gas in situ radiation processor;
37-electrical box; 38-differential pressure gauge.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system of the invention comprises a sampling pipeline 1, a purging pipeline 2 and a vent pipeline 3, as well as an F-18 aerosol detector 4 and an inert gas detector 5; the purging pipeline 2 and the exhaust pipeline 3 are both communicated with the sampling pipeline 1, and the F-18 aerosol detector 4 and the inert gas detector 5 are both arranged on the sampling pipeline 1; the sampling pipeline 1 is sequentially provided with a sampling inlet 6, a first stop valve 7, a second stop valve 8, a regulating valve 9, a flow meter 10, a third stop valve 11 and a fourth stop valve 12 along the airflow direction, the F-18 aerosol detector 4 is arranged between the second stop valve 8 and the regulating valve 9, the inert gas detector 5 is arranged between the third stop valve 11 and the fourth stop valve 12, and a differential pressure gauge 38 is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the F-18 aerosol detector 4; the purging pipeline 2 is sequentially provided with a purging inlet 13, a fifth stop valve 14, a one-way valve 15, a sixth stop valve 16, an aerosol and iodine filter 17 and a seventh stop valve 18 along the airflow direction, a section of the purging pipeline 2 behind the seventh stop valve 18 is communicated with the sampling pipeline 1, a section of the purging pipeline 2 between the one-way valve 15 and the sixth stop valve 16 is connected with a first connecting pipe 19, and the other end of the first connecting pipe 19 is communicated with a section of the sampling pipeline 1 between the first stop valve 7 and the second stop valve 8; an eighth stop valve 20, a first sampling pump 21, a ninth stop valve 22, a tenth stop valve 23 and an exhaust port 24 are sequentially arranged on the exhaust pipeline 3 along the air flow direction, the exhaust pipeline 3 is communicated with a section of sampling pipeline 1 behind the fourth stop valve 12, and is communicated with a section of sampling pipeline 1 between the flow meter 10 and the third stop valve 11 through a second connecting pipe 25; the second connection pipe 25 is provided with an eleventh stop valve 26, an iodine filter 27 and a twelfth stop valve 28 in sequence along the air flow direction.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a third connecting pipe 29 is connected between an air inlet end of the eighth stop valve 20 and an air outlet end of the ninth stop valve 22, and a thirteenth stop valve 30, a second sampling pump 31, and a fourteenth stop valve 32 are sequentially arranged on the third connecting pipe 29 along the air flow direction.
During the concrete implementation, first sampling pump 21 and second sampling pump 31 all are used for providing gas sampling power, in order to guarantee continuous sampling and measurement, adopt two sampling pumps, first sampling pump 21 and second sampling pump 31 promptly, one is used for one and is equipped with, and when an operation overheated shut down or damage back, another starts immediately, can guarantee that whole monitoring devices sample and can not stop.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the F-18 aerosol detector 4 and the inert gas detector 5 are both installed in a lead shielding chamber 33.
In specific implementation, the influence of external gamma rays is reduced through the lead shielding chamber 33, the background counting rate is reduced, and the low-radioactivity detection capability of the F-18 aerosol detector 4 and the inert gas detector 5 is improved.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the sampling pipeline 1, the purging pipeline 2, the exhaust pipeline 3, the first sampling pump 21, the second sampling pump 31 and the lead shielding chamber 33 are all mounted on an integrated bracket 34.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the integrated bracket 34 is further provided with an F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor 35, an inert gas in-situ radiation processor 36 and an electrical box 37, the F-18 aerosol detector 4 is connected with the F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor 35, and the inert gas detector 5 is connected with the inert gas in-situ radiation processor 36.
In specific implementation, the F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor 35 includes an ARM main processor, a display screen, an input keyboard, and an I/O port, and the display screen displays measurement data according to a set format; inputting corresponding information by a keyboard; the RS485 port transmits or receives data sent by the F-18 aerosol detector 4; the network port realizes communication and data exchange with an external computer; the I/O port receives ambient or measured temperature, pressure and flow signals and outputs alarm or switch control signals. The inert gas in-situ radiation processor 36 comprises an ARM main processor, a display screen, an input keyboard and an I/O port, wherein the display screen displays measurement data according to a set format; inputting corresponding information by a keyboard; the RS485 port transmits or receives data sent by the inert gas detector 5; the network port realizes communication and data exchange with an external computer; the I/O port receives ambient or measured temperature, pressure and flow signals and outputs alarm or switch control signals. The electrical box 37 provides various types of input/output terminals and power.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the F-18 aerosol detector 4 includes a shielding housing 4-1, a first chamber 4-2 and a second chamber 4-3 are disposed in the shielding housing 4-1, a β sensitive plastic scintillator detector 4-4 for detecting β rays emitted by the F-18 aerosol is disposed in the first chamber 4-2, a NaITl detector 4-5 for detecting γ rays emitted by the F-18 aerosol is disposed in the second chamber 4-3, a filter chamber 4-6 for sampling the F-18 aerosol is disposed between the β sensitive plastic scintillator detector 4-4 and the NaITl detector 4-5, a driving paper winding wheel 4-7 and a driven paper winding wheel 4-8 are disposed in the filter chamber 4-6, and the sampling filter paper 4-9 is bridged between the driving paper winding wheel 4-7 and the driven paper winding wheel 4-8, and the sampling filter paper 4-9 is opened between the beta sensitive plastic scintillator detector 4-4 and the NaITl detector 4-5.
The invention discloses a primary circuit coolant leakage radiation monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, gas sampling;
the first stop valve 7 is opened, the second stop valve 8 is opened, the third stop valve 11 is opened, the fourth stop valve 12 is opened, the eighth stop valve 20 is opened, the ninth stop valve 22 is opened, the tenth stop valve 23 is opened, the fifth stop valve 14 is closed, the sixth stop valve 16 is closed, the seventh stop valve 18 is closed, the eleventh stop valve 26 is closed, and the twelfth stop valve 28 is closed; under the action of a first sampling pump 21, gas in the containment sequentially passes through a sampling inlet 6, a first stop valve 7 and a second stop valve 8 and enters an F-18 aerosol detector 4;
step two, F-18 aerosol radiation monitoring;
the F-18 aerosol detector 4 is used for sampling gas18F nuclide activity concentration is detected, and the F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor 35 carries out data processing and display when18When the activity concentration of the F nuclide exceeds the alarm threshold value, sending an audible and visual alarm signal and sending the alarm signal to the main control room;
the fast neutrons in the pressurized water reactor and the hydrogen nuclei in the primary water are elastically scattered, and the generated high-energy protons and the oxygen nuclei in the water are subjected to nuclear reaction to generate radioactive nuclides18F, accordingly, an F-18 aerosol detector 4 is provided to detect18F, thereby obtaining a primary pressure boundary of the pressurized water reactor18F leak rate.
Step three, monitoring inert gas radiation;
the sampling gas passing through the F-18 aerosol detector 4 sequentially passes through a regulating valve 9, a flowmeter 10 and a third stop valve 11 and enters an inert gas detector 5; the inert gas detector 5 is used for detecting the inert gas in the sampling gas85Kr、133The total activity concentration of nuclides such as Xe is detected, the inert gas in-situ radiation processor 36 carries out data processing and display, when the activity concentration of the inert gas exceeds an alarm threshold value, an audible and visual alarm signal is sent out, and the alarm signal is sent to the main control room;
radioactive inert gas generated by primary circuit boundary leakage, mainly fission product entering cooling water after fuel element cladding is damaged85Kr、133Xe and its isotopes, if the leakage rate at the boundary of the primary circuit exceeds the normal range, the monitored value of the inert gas activity concentration will rise abnormally, and therefore, the inert gas detector 5 is provided.
Step four, returning the sampled gas;
the sampled gas passing through the inert gas detector 5 passes through the fourth stop valve 12, the eighth stop valve 20, the first sampling pump 21, the ninth stop valve 22, the tenth stop valve 23 and the exhaust port 24 in sequence and returns to the containment.
In the embodiment, in the processes of the first step to the fourth step, when the F-18 aerosol detector 4 fails or filter paper needs to be replaced, the second stop valve 8 is closed, the sixth stop valve 16 and the seventh stop valve 18 are opened, and the sampling gas enters the inert gas detector 5 after flowing through the aerosol and iodine filter 17; when the inert gas detector 5 is out of order or filter paper needs to be replaced, the third and fourth stop valves 11 and 12 are closed, the eleventh and twelfth stop valves 26 and 28 are opened, and the sampled gas flows through the iodine filter 27.
During specific implementation, in order to ensure continuity of radiation monitoring, the aerosol and iodine filter 17 is connected in parallel on the gas path of the F-18 aerosol detector 4, the iodine filter 27 is connected in parallel on the gas path of the inert gas detector 5, and when a fault occurs or filter paper needs to be replaced, the radiation monitoring is uninterrupted by adjusting the opening of each stop valve.
In this embodiment, when the sampling monitoring is completed and purging is required, the first stop valve 7 is closed, the fifth stop valve 14 is opened, and the purging gas sequentially enters the sampling pipeline 1 through the purging inlet 13, the fifth stop valve 14 and the check valve 15 to be purged and is discharged through the exhaust pipeline 3.
In this embodiment, the F-18 aerosol detector 4 in step two is used for sampling gas18The specific process of detecting the activity concentration of the F nuclide comprises the following steps:
step 201, monitoring beta + particle rays emitted by decay of F-18, and counting;
202, monitoring gamma photon rays emitted by decay of F-18, and counting;
step 203, calculating to obtain a beta-gamma coincidence counting rate according to the counting of the digital multiple channels;
step 204, calculating according to the beta-gamma coincidence counting rate18Activity concentration of F species.
In specific implementation, the beta-gamma fitting method is adopted to measure the concentration of the gas in the sampled gas18The activity and concentration of the F nuclide are detected, so that the activity and concentration of the F nuclide can be effectively improvedAnd (4) detecting efficiency.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A primary coolant leakage radiation monitoring system, characterized by: comprises a sampling pipeline (1), a purging pipeline (2), an exhaust pipeline (3), an F-18 aerosol detector (4) and an inert gas detector (5); the purging pipeline (2) and the exhaust pipeline (3) are both communicated with the sampling pipeline (1), and the F-18 aerosol detector (4) and the inert gas detector (5) are both arranged on the sampling pipeline (1);
the sampling pipeline (1) is sequentially provided with a sampling inlet (6), a first stop valve (7), a second stop valve (8), a regulating valve (9), a flow meter (10), a third stop valve (11) and a fourth stop valve (12) along with the airflow direction, the F-18 aerosol detector (4) is arranged between the second stop valve (8) and the regulating valve (9), the inert gas detector (5) is arranged between the third stop valve (11) and the fourth stop valve (12), and a differential pressure gauge (38) is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the F-18 aerosol detector (4);
the purging pipeline (2) is sequentially provided with a purging inlet (13), a fifth stop valve (14), a one-way valve (15), a sixth stop valve (16), an aerosol and iodine filter (17) and a seventh stop valve (18) along with the airflow direction, a section of the purging pipeline (2) behind the seventh stop valve (18) is communicated with the sampling pipeline (1), a section of the purging pipeline (2) between the one-way valve (15) and the sixth stop valve (16) is connected with a first connecting pipe (19), and the other end of the first connecting pipe (19) is communicated with a section of the sampling pipeline (1) between the first stop valve (7) and the second stop valve (8);
an eighth stop valve (20), a first sampling pump (21), a ninth stop valve (22), a tenth stop valve (23) and an exhaust port (24) are sequentially arranged on the exhaust pipeline (3) along with the air flow direction, the exhaust pipeline (3) is communicated with a section of sampling pipeline (1) behind the fourth stop valve (12), and is communicated with a section of sampling pipeline (1) between the flow meter (10) and the third stop valve (11) through a second connecting pipe (25); and an eleventh stop valve (26), an iodine filter (27) and a twelfth stop valve (28) are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipe (25) along the air flow direction.
2. A primary coolant leakage radiation monitoring system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and a third connecting pipe (29) is connected between the air inlet end of the eighth stop valve (20) and the air outlet end of the ninth stop valve (22), and a thirteenth stop valve (30), a second sampling pump (31) and a fourteenth stop valve (32) are sequentially arranged on the third connecting pipe (29) along the air flow direction.
3. A primary coolant leakage radiation monitoring system as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the F-18 aerosol detector (4) and the inert gas detector (5) are both arranged in a lead shielding chamber (33).
4. A primary coolant leakage radiation monitoring system as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the sampling pipeline (1), the purging pipeline (2), the exhaust pipeline (3), the first sampling pump (21), the second sampling pump (31) and the lead shielding chamber (33) are all installed on the integrated support (34).
5. A primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring system as set forth in claim 4, wherein: an F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor (35), an inert gas in-situ radiation processor (36) and an electric box (37) are further mounted on the integrated support (34), the F-18 aerosol detector (4) is connected with the F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor (35), and the inert gas detector (5) is connected with the inert gas in-situ radiation processor (36).
6. A primary coolant leakage radiation monitoring system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the F-18 aerosol detector (4) comprises a shielding shell (4-1), a first chamber (4-2) and a second chamber (4-3) are arranged in the shielding shell (4-1), a beta sensitive plastic scintillator detector (4-4) for detecting beta rays emitted by the F-18 aerosol is arranged in the first chamber (4-2), a NaITl radiation detector (4-5) for detecting gamma rays emitted by the F-18 aerosol is arranged in the second chamber (4-3), a filter chamber (4-6) for sampling the F-18 aerosol is arranged between the beta sensitive plastic scintillator detector (4-4) and the NaITl detector (4-5), a driving paper winding wheel (4-7) and a driven paper winding wheel (4-8) are arranged in the filter chamber (4-6), and the sampling filter paper (4-9) is bridged between the driving paper rolling wheel (4-7) and the driven paper rolling wheel (4-8), and the sampling filter paper (4-9) is opened between the beta sensitive plastic scintillator detector (4-4) and the NaITl detector (4-5).
7. A primary coolant leakage radiation monitoring method, using the system of claim 5, comprising the steps of:
step one, gas sampling;
the first stop valve (7) is opened, the second stop valve (8) is opened, the third stop valve (11) is opened, the fourth stop valve (12) is opened, the eighth stop valve (20) is opened, the ninth stop valve (22) is opened and the tenth stop valve (23) is opened, and the fifth stop valve (14) is closed, the sixth stop valve (16) is closed, the seventh stop valve (18) is closed, the eleventh stop valve (26) is closed and the twelfth stop valve (28) is closed; under the action of a first sampling pump (21), gas in the containment sequentially passes through a sampling inlet (6), a first stop valve (7) and a second stop valve (8) and enters an F-18 aerosol detector (4);
step two, F-18 aerosol radiation monitoring;
the F-18 aerosol detector (4) is used for sampling gas18F nuclide activity concentration is detected, and the F-18 aerosol in-situ radiation processor (35) performs data processing and display when18When the activity and concentration of the F nuclide exceed the alarm threshold, sending an audible and visual alarm signal and sending the alarm signal to a main control room;
step three, monitoring the radiation of inert gas;
the sampled gas passing through the F-18 aerosol detector (4) passes through the regulating valve (9) and the flowmeter in turn(10) And a third shut-off valve (11) into the inert gas detector (5); the inert gas detector (5) is used for detecting the inert gas in the sampled gas85Kr、133The total activity concentration of nuclides such as Xe is detected, the inert gas in-situ radiation processor (36) performs data processing and display, and when the activity concentration of the inert gas exceeds an alarm threshold value, an audible and visual alarm signal is sent out and sent to the main control room;
step four, returning the sampled gas;
and the sampled gas passing through the inert gas detector (5) returns to the containment through a fourth stop valve (12), an eighth stop valve (20), a first sampling pump (21), a ninth stop valve (22), a tenth stop valve (23) and an exhaust port (24) in sequence.
8. A primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring method as set forth in claim 7, wherein: in the process of the first step to the fourth step, when the F-18 aerosol detector (4) breaks down or filter paper needs to be replaced, the second stop valve (8) is closed, the sixth stop valve (16) and the seventh stop valve (18) are opened and closed, and sampling gas flows through the aerosol and iodine filter (17) and then enters the inert gas detector (5); when the inert gas detector (5) breaks down or filter paper needs to be replaced, the third stop valve (11) and the fourth stop valve (12) are closed, the eleventh stop valve (26) and the twelfth stop valve (28) are opened, and the sampling gas flows through the iodine filter (27).
9. A primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring method as set forth in claim 7, wherein: when the sampling monitoring is completed and purging is required, the first stop valve (7) is closed, the fifth stop valve (14) is opened, and the purging gas sequentially enters the sampling pipeline (1) through the purging inlet (13), the fifth stop valve (14) and the one-way valve (15) to be purged and is discharged through the exhaust pipeline (3).
10. A primary loop coolant leakage radiation monitoring method as set forth in claim 7, wherein said F-18 aerosol detector (4) samples gas in step twoIn (1)18The specific process of detecting the activity concentration of the F nuclide comprises the following steps:
step 201, monitoring beta + particle rays emitted by decay of F-18, and counting;
202, monitoring gamma photon rays emitted by decay of F-18, and counting;
step 203, calculating to obtain a beta-gamma coincidence counting rate according to the digital multichannel counting;
step 204, calculating according to the beta-gamma coincidence counting rate18Activity concentration of F species.
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