CN114720410A - Spectrum detection method for fracturing fluid drilling fluid - Google Patents
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010238 partial least squares regression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention provides a spectrum detection method of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid, which comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing fracturing fluid and drilling fluid with different concentrations; step 2, acquiring absorption spectra of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid with different concentrations; step 3, establishing an inversion model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the main component by using the absorption spectra and the concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations based on a partial least squares regression method; and 4, detecting the contents of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in the fluid to be detected through the inversion model. The method utilizes the absorption spectrum to quantitatively detect the contents of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in the underground water, is favorable for providing an effective data base for the pollution degree evaluation and the timely treatment of the underground water source fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid, can overcome the problem that the underground water quality is difficult to detect after the shale gas is mined, and has the characteristics of short time consumption, low cost, small workload and sustainable detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hyperspectral quantitative detection, in particular to a spectrum detection method of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid.
Background
With the increasing demand for natural gas, shale gas is receiving increasing attention as a new type of unconventional natural gas. The drilling fluid and the fracturing fluid are two important substances for shale gas exploitation, are contacted with a well wall for a long time in the shale gas exploitation process, are inevitably leaked, mainly enter a stratum in a leakage mode, and pollute an underground water source. Therefore, the monitoring of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in the underground water after the shale gas is mined is beneficial to providing an effective data base for the pollution degree assessment and the timely treatment of the underground water source fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid.
The fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid have various types and relate to hundreds of types of organic matters, and if the traditional methods such as chemical analysis, chromatography and the like are adopted for monitoring, although the monitoring application range is wide and the measurement is accurate, the defects of long time consumption, high cost, large workload, lack of continuity and the like exist. In recent years, attention has been paid to an analysis method based on ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy, which has significant advantages over conventional chemical analysis methods. The ultraviolet-visible light spectrum method does not need to add chemical reagents or treat water samples, has small influence on the water quality, has high monitoring speed and can simultaneously detect various parameters. Due to the limitation of detection mechanism, the ultraviolet-visible light spectrum method is easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, turbidity, light scattering and the like, so that the method is mainly applied to the detection of organic pollution of water bodies. The fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid contain a large amount of organic matters, so that the ultraviolet-visible light spectrum method can be used for effectively detecting if underground water is polluted unavoidably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spectrum detection method of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid, and aims to solve the problems of long time consumption, high cost, large workload, lack of continuity and the like of the traditional detection method of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid.
The invention provides a spectrum detection method of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid, which comprises the following steps:
and 4, detecting the contents of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in the fluid to be detected through the inversion model.
Further, the method for preparing fracturing fluid and drilling fluid with different concentrations in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
diluting fracturing fluid and drilling fluid to different degrees by taking pure water as base fluid;
determining the lowest content and the highest content which can be detected by the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid through the absorption spectrum, thereby determining the effective concentration ranges of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid;
and (3) matching the diluted fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in different concentrations within an effective concentration range to prepare the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations.
Further, the different concentrations of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid include:
a single parameter solution of a fracturing fluid or drilling fluid;
and/or a mixed solution of a fracturing fluid and a drilling fluid.
Further, the method for acquiring the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
and collecting the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations based on a 10nm optical path so as to obtain the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations.
Further, after the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations are obtained in the step 2, the obtained absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations are subjected to data preprocessing, and the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations subjected to data preprocessing are utilized in the step 3.
Further, the data preprocessing method comprises:
and smoothing and denoising the absorption spectrum by a polynomial moving average filtering method.
Further, the method for establishing the inverse model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the main component by using the absorption spectra and the concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations based on the partial least squares regression method in the step 3 comprises the following steps:
standardizing the absorption spectra and the concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations to obtain a standardized absorption spectrum matrix and a standardized concentration matrix;
calculating a correlation coefficient matrix of the normalized absorption spectrum matrix and the normalized concentration matrix, and further calculating k main components for proving the absorption spectrum and the concentration;
and when the ratio of k principal component analysis absorption spectrum matrixes is more than the ratio of target precision, establishing a regression equation of the normalized absorption spectrum matrix and the concentration matrix to the principal component so as to obtain an inversion model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the principal component.
Further, the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations obtained in the step 2 are divided into two parts with the ratio of a to b, and the absorption spectra and the corresponding concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations of the first part are used for establishing an inverse model of the absorption spectra and the concentrations to the main components in the step 3; the absorption spectra and the corresponding concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations in the second part are used for evaluating the built inverse model of the absorption spectra and the concentration to the main component; wherein a + b is 1. Typically, a is 80% and b is 20%.
Further, the absorption spectrum refers to an ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum, namely an absorption spectrum in a wavelength band of 210-600 nm.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method utilizes the absorption spectrum to quantitatively detect the contents of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in the underground water, is favorable for providing an effective data base for the pollution degree evaluation and the timely treatment of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid of an underground water source, can overcome the problem that the underground water quality is difficult to detect after the shale gas is exploited, and has the characteristics of short time consumption, low cost, small workload and sustainable detection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for spectral detection of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2a is a UV-VIS absorption spectrum of a pre-treated fracturing fluid of the present invention.
FIG. 2b is a graph of the UV-visible absorption spectrum of the drilling fluid after data preprocessing in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the verification results of an inversion model of absorption spectra and concentrations versus principal components in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a spectrum detection method of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid, which aims to detect the pollution degree of underground water caused by the fact that the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid leak underground water in the current shale gas exploitation process. As shown in fig. 1, the method for detecting the spectrum of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
diluting fracturing fluid and drilling fluid to different degrees by taking pure water as base fluid;
determining the lowest content and the highest content which can be detected by the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid through the absorption spectrum, thereby determining the effective concentration ranges of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid; wherein the lowest and highest detectable content are concentrations distinguishable based on the stability and spectrum of the micro spectrometer;
and (3) matching the diluted fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in different concentrations within an effective concentration range to prepare the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations. Optionally, the different concentrations of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid include:
(1) a single parameter solution of a fracturing fluid or drilling fluid; in the embodiment, 30 groups of sample solutions with the concentration ratio of the fracturing fluid from 0.01 to 0.6 are taken, and 30 groups of sample solutions with the concentration ratio of the drilling fluid from 0.0002 to 0.0034 are taken;
(2) a mixed solution of a fracturing fluid and a drilling fluid; about 10 sample solutions were taken from the mixed fracturing fluid and drilling fluid solution in this example.
collecting the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations based on a 10nm optical path so as to obtain the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations; the absorption spectrum refers to an ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum, namely an absorption spectrum in a wavelength band of 210-600 nm.
Performing data preprocessing on the obtained absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations, as shown in fig. 2a and 2 b; optionally, the data preprocessing method includes: the smooth de-noising of the absorption spectrum is done by a polynomial moving average filtering method (Savitzky-Golay). The basic idea of the polynomial moving average filtering method is to fit a certain amount of data through a polynomial fitting method, so that useful information of an absorption spectrum can be reserved, and random noise can be eliminated. Firstly, determining the size of a spectrum smoothing window as n-2 m +1, wherein m is an arbitrary constant, and the purpose is to ensure that n is a base number; each absorption spectrum is x, and a k-1 th-order polynomial is mainly selected to fit the absorption spectrum in the window range, so that the following fitting equation is obtained:
y＝a0+a1x+a2x2+…+ak-1xk-1 (1)
wherein x is n consecutive absorption spectra per sample, a0、a1、a2、…、ak-1For a plurality of such coefficients, y is the predicted value.
The absorption spectrum of each band may form an equation, which forms n of the above k linear equations, n > k is generally selected, and fitting parameters a are determined by least squares fitting, thereby obtaining:
in the formula, a is a coefficient, and e is a residual error;
the matrix is represented as:
Y(2m+1)*1＝X(2m+1)*k·Ak*1+E(2m+1)*1 (2)
in which the subscripts of the parameters indicate their respective dimensions, e.g. Ak*1Parameters representing k rows and 1 columns; x is an absorption spectrum matrix; and E is a residual error matrix.
Least squares solution of fitting parameter A
Comprises the following steps:
then model predicted or filtered values
Comprises the following steps:
B＝X·(XT·X)-1·XT (5)
standardizing absorption spectra and concentrations of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid with different concentrations to obtain a standardized absorption spectrum matrix X and a standardized concentration matrix Y;
in the formula, Xij(n × m) represents the ith sample jth band element in the normalized absorption spectra matrix X; xijRepresents the jth wave band element of the ith sample in the absorption spectrum matrix X;
represents the mean value of all concentrations in the absorption spectrum matrix X in the jth wave band;
represents the standard deviation of all concentrations in the absorption spectrum matrix X at the jth waveband;
calculating normalized absorption spectrum matrix and concentrationFinding out the eigenvector rho corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue by using a correlation coefficient matrix of the matrix, and further calculating k pairs of principal components of an absorption spectrum matrix X and a concentration matrix Y, wherein the k pairs are respectively UkAnd VkAnd its score vector
And
M＝XTYYTX
in the formula of UkMaximum eigenvalue, V, for the kth principal component of the absorption spectrum matrix XkIs the maximum eigenvalue, rho, of the kth principal component of the concentration matrix YkU as the k-th principal componentkA corresponding feature vector; gamma raykV being the k-th principal componentkA corresponding feature vector;
when the ratio of k principal component analysis absorption spectrum matrixes is more than the ratio (such as 95%) of target precision, establishing a regression equation of the normalized absorption spectrum matrixes and concentration matrixes to the principal components, and obtaining an inverse model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the principal components.
In the formula, I is an identity matrix; i is the position of the principal component; rhojAbsorption spectrum matrix X corresponding to j-th iterationj-1Satisfies the characteristic vector ofi＝Xj-1ρj；τiA score matrix for the ith iteration; sigmajA regression coefficient matrix being a principal component of the jth iteration and the absorption spectrum matrix X;
then, the weight coefficients and the intercept of the regression equation of the raw data are further obtained according to the following formula:
in the formula, FjIs the intercept of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid; wijWeighting coefficients of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid at the ith wavelength;
mean and root mean square error representative of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid concentrations;
representing the mean and root mean square error of the i columns of the absorption spectrum matrix band.
The constructed water quality parameter inversion model is as follows:
Ypredict(n,p)＝F(p)+X(n,m)*W(m,P) (10)
in the formula, YpredictAnd (n, p) represents a predicted concentration matrix of the drilling fluid or the fracturing fluid of the water sample to be detected, and X (n, m) is an ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum matrix of the water sample to be detected. p is a fracturing fluid or drilling fluid.
In this embodiment, the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations obtained in step 2 are respectively two parts of a and b, and the absorption spectra and the corresponding concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations of the first part are used for establishing an inverse model of the absorption spectra and the concentrations on the principal components in step 3; the absorption spectra and the corresponding concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations in the second part are used for evaluating the built inverse model of the absorption spectra and the concentration to the main component; wherein a + b is 1. Generally, a is 80% and b is 20%. Therefore, for 70 groups of sample solutions of the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations obtained in the step 2, the absorption spectra of 56 groups of sample solutions and the corresponding concentrations are taken, and an inverse model of the absorption spectra and the concentrations to the main components is obtained through the step 3.
And 4, detecting the contents of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in the fluid to be detected through the inversion model. If the remaining 14 groups of samples are taken to evaluate the inverse model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the principal component, as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the inverse model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the principal component has better inversion accuracy.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The spectral detection method of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing fracturing fluid and drilling fluid with different concentrations;
step 2, acquiring absorption spectra of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid with different concentrations;
step 3, establishing an inversion model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the main component by using the absorption spectra and the concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations based on a partial least squares regression method;
and 4, detecting the contents of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in the fluid to be detected through the inversion model.
2. The method for detecting the spectrum of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
diluting fracturing fluid and drilling fluid to different degrees by taking pure water as base fluid;
determining the lowest content and the highest content which can be detected by the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid through the absorption spectrum, thereby determining the effective concentration ranges of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid;
and (3) matching the diluted fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid in different concentrations within an effective concentration range to prepare the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations.
3. The method for the spectroscopic detection of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fracturing fluid and drilling fluid of different concentrations comprise:
a single parameter solution of a fracturing fluid or drilling fluid;
and/or a mixed solution of a fracturing fluid and a drilling fluid.
4. The method for detecting the spectrum of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
and collecting the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations based on a 10nm optical path so as to obtain the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations.
5. The method for detecting the spectrum of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 4, wherein after the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations are obtained in the step 2, the method further comprises the step of preprocessing the obtained absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations, and the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations after data preprocessing are utilized in the step 3.
6. The method for the spectral detection of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 5, wherein the data preprocessing method comprises the following steps:
and smoothing and denoising the absorption spectrum by a polynomial moving average filtering method.
7. The spectrum detection method of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the method for establishing the inverse model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the main component by using the absorption spectra and the concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations based on the partial least squares regression method in the step 3 comprises the following steps:
standardizing absorption spectra and concentrations of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid with different concentrations to obtain standardized absorption spectrum matrixes and concentration matrixes;
calculating a correlation coefficient matrix of the normalized absorption spectrum matrix and the normalized concentration matrix, and further calculating k main components for proving the absorption spectrum and the concentration;
and when the ratio of k principal component analysis absorption spectrum matrixes is more than the ratio of target precision, establishing a regression equation of the normalized absorption spectrum matrix and the concentration matrix to the principal component so as to obtain an inversion model of the absorption spectrum and the concentration to the principal component.
8. The spectrum detection method for the fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations obtained in the step 2 are divided into two parts with the ratio of a to b, and the absorption spectra of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations in the first part and the corresponding concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations are used for establishing an inverse model of the absorption spectra and the concentrations on the main components in the step 3; the absorption spectra and the corresponding concentrations of the fracturing fluid and the drilling fluid with different concentrations in the second part are used for evaluating the built inverse model of the absorption spectra and the concentration to the main component; wherein a + b is 1.
9. The method for detecting the spectrum of the fracturing fluid drilling fluid according to claim 8, wherein a is 80% and b is 20%.
10. The method for the spectroscopic detection of a fracturing fluid drilling fluid of claim 1,
the absorption spectrum refers to an ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum, namely an absorption spectrum in a wave band of 210-600 nm.
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