CN114720223A

CN114720223A - Dust generating device

Info

Publication number: CN114720223A
Application number: CN202210205583.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李小川; 常喜; 李致昊; 张明瑞
Original assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Current assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority date: 2022-03-03
Filing date: 2022-03-03
Publication date: 2022-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-03
Also published as: CN114720223B

Abstract

The invention relates to experimental equipment for simulating a dust environment, in particular to a dust generating device, which solves the technical problems that the existing dust generating device has a complex structure and cannot ensure uniform, stable and continuous dust sources, and comprises a feeding device and a spraying device, wherein the feeding device comprises a storage barrel, a scraping plate and a motor, a circle of groove is arranged at the bottom in the storage barrel, the motor is connected with a bottom plate of the storage barrel, so that the storage barrel or the bottom plate of the storage barrel rotates along with the operation of the motor, a cover body of the storage barrel does not rotate along with the motor, the spraying device comprises a Venturi tube, a feeding tube and a fan, a small hole communicated with the feeding tube is arranged at the middle position of a throat of the Venturi tube, the feeding tube passes through a discharge hole on the scraping plate, so that the feeding tube is suspended above the groove at the bottom of the storage barrel, and the continuous and stable feeding of materials is ensured through the rotation of the storage barrel or the bottom plate of the storage barrel, the control of the dust concentration is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the storage cylinder and the wind speed in the Venturi tube.

Description

Dust generating device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of safety and environment-friendly experiments, in particular to the field of experimental equipment for simulating a dust environment.

Background

Dust pollution is one of the main pollution sources in environmental pollution, not only pollutes air, but also can cause negative effects on production equipment, crops and the like, meanwhile, dust particles can cause damage to human bodies, air passage mucous membranes can be blocked due to long-term dust inhalation, air passage mucous membranes can be damaged, if irritant smoke or dust is inhaled for a long time, chronic bronchitis can be caused, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases can be caused, harmful gas dust can be inhaled for a long time, air passage mucous membranes can be damaged, high reactivity of air passages and irreversible air flow of air passages can be blocked, lung functions can be reduced, slow-obstructive lungs can be formed, and related experiments and researches can not be carried out in the dust environment for a long time in view of the damage of dust to human bodies in the processes of dust removal equipment, dust treatment evaluation or dust harm mechanism research of scientific research institutions, environmental protection departments, production supervision departments and the like, thus, there is a need to simulate a dust environment, artificially produce dust, and control the content of dust accordingly, and although many of the existing devices and methods have been proposed, they have certain disadvantages, such as: the invention discloses a dust generating device, an invention patent with the application number of 201910141036.4 and an invention patent with the application number of 201811234194.6, wherein the two inventions adopt a spiral structure to transport dust, the dust is extruded out through the spiral structure, the dust is easy to bond or break due to the extrusion and the abrasion of the spiral structure, the original dust form is changed, and the expected feeding state and the final feeding state are different in a laboratory, so that the experiment cannot be quantitatively carried out. The invention relates to a rotary expansion diffuse type dust generating device, and is an invention patent with application number 201710998153.3, wherein the invention patent adopts a spiral structure to transport dust, the dust is bonded into blocks under the action of a dust-carrying spiral structure, and the particle size of the dust is easy to change. Meanwhile, the dust is thrown out of the small hole by means of rotation on the rotary generator, and the small hole is easily blocked by the dust which is conveyed by the spiral structure and is bonded into blocks, so that the dust generator is poor in stability of dust concentration and incapable of conducting quantitative experiments on the dust when in use. The invention discloses a dust generation system and a processing method thereof, and is an invention patent with application number 201810089651.0, which monitors dust concentration by using a sensor, releases the dust when the concentration reaches a set value, but the dust sensor is generally polluted by dust after being used for a period of time, cannot work normally and needs to be maintained frequently. Therefore, the invention has large maintenance amount. The invention relates to an aerosol generating device, and is an invention patent with application number 202111142431.8, which extrudes dust into blocks and scrapes the dust through a brush, and the original state of the dust is destroyed, and the particle size range of the dust cannot be ensured. The invention relates to a solid dust aerosol generating device, in particular to an invention patent with application number of 201710979442.9, which supplies dust through a rotating disc, and the position below the rotating disc can not contact with a rotating disc gear in the using process, thereby causing the waste of partial dust; dust can contact with air in the rotating process of the rotating disc, so that the pollution of the powder can be caused; the rotary disc passes through the gap between the gear and reaches the purpose of transporting the dust, easily receives the extrusion caking at the filling in-process, changes the dust original state, if the briquetting can lead to the gear gap to block up seriously simultaneously, can't reach the purpose of transporting the dust. The invention discloses a using method of a pneumatic dust generating device, and relates to an invention patent with application number 202011221537.2, wherein the invention controls the dust concentration by controlling gas flow, a crescent gas distribution disc in the invention has dynamic connection, and the dust particle size is small, so the dust is easy to gather at a switch gap of a pneumatic device, the gas distribution disc is easy to be closed untight, the using effect is influenced, and the maintenance amount is large. The invention relates to a rotating disc type dust aerosol generating device, in particular to an invention patent with application number of 201010136283.4, wherein the rotating disc is movably connected with the bottom of a flowing bin, so that dust easily enters gaps of movable parts to influence the stability of equipment; because the pits existing in the turntable are discontinuous, dust cannot be continuously generated; and contra-rotating correction of the negative pressure suction pipe and the rotary disc is difficult. The prior art and the equipment can not ensure the uniformity, stability and continuity of the dust source and ensure the reliability of the equipment, so that the equipment with uniform, stable, continuous and reliable dust source is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems that the existing technology cannot keep the particle size range, powder is easy to block due to briquetting, powder is easy to enter a moving part and a movable connection part to influence the parts, and the like, the device for generating dust by using the Venturi tube realizes accurate and controllable dust concentration by controlling the ration and the wind speed of the powder and the rotating speed of the storage cylinder or the storage cylinder chassis, and meanwhile, the moving part of the device is not in contact with a dust supply part, so that the powder cannot influence the normal operation of the parts, and the stability of the device is ensured.

According to an embodiment of one aspect of the invention, the dust generating device comprises a feeding device and a spraying device.

The feeding device comprises a storage cylinder, a scraper and a motor.

The bottom in the storage cylinder is provided with a circle of grooves for storing dust materials.

The scraper blade is vertical to be installed in the storage cylinder, non-moving part fixed connection with the storage cylinder, realize the fixed of scraper blade position, for example, the motor drives whole storage cylinder barrel pivoted embodiment, scraper blade and the storage cylinder lid fixed connection that does not rotate, the motor only drives storage cylinder bottom plate pivoted embodiment, the scraper blade is with the equal fixed connection of storage cylinder lid and section of thick bamboo wall that does not rotate, this kind of connected mode is more firm, prevent that the scraper blade from warping, the scraper blade bottom keeps certain clearance with storage cylinder bottom plate surface, the scraper blade will be filled the unnecessary dust material of storage cylinder bottom groove department and walk through the shovel of bottom in the storage cylinder motion process, set up two apertures on the scraper blade, be discharge opening and air vent respectively, discharge opening and air vent run through whole scraper blade, can reach the effect of carrying the dust material and ventilating respectively.

The motor is connected with the storage cylinder bottom plate, so that the storage cylinder or the storage cylinder bottom plate rotates along with the operation of the motor, the storage cylinder cover body is movably connected with the storage cylinder wall, and the storage cylinder cover body does not rotate along with the motor.

The material spraying device comprises a Venturi tube, a feeding pipe and a fan, a small hole communicated with the feeding pipe is formed in the middle of the throat of the Venturi tube, and the feeding pipe penetrates through a discharge hole in the scraping plate to be suspended above a groove in the bottom of the storage barrel.

The fan generates air flow, the air flow enters the inlet section of the Venturi tube, when the air flow is broken through contraction, the flow velocity of the air is gradually increased along with the gradual reduction of the sectional area of the Venturi tube, the pressure intensity of the air is reduced, the flow velocity of the air reaches the maximum after entering the throat, the air pressure reaches the minimum, the air flow is formed in the connected feeding pipe at the position of the opening in the middle of the throat under the action of the atmospheric pressure, the feeding pipe is suspended above the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder, therefore, the air flow in the feeding hole can bring the dust in the groove into the throat of the Venturi tube, the dust is uniformly blown out from the outlet section through the diffusion section under the action of the high-flow-velocity air flow in the throat, meanwhile, the storage cylinder or the storage cylinder base plate rotates under the action of the motor, the dust material is always kept to be filled in the groove of the storage cylinder under the action of the scraper plate, and the vent hole, the feeding pipe, the Venturi tube and the pipeline connected with the scraper form an air path circulation, the air vent can send the air near the top feeding pipe mouth of the storage barrel bottom recess, and the air vent ensures that storage barrel recess department pressure is the same with atmospheric pressure all the time.

As an improvement, the dust spraying device also comprises an air storage space, wherein the air storage space is positioned inside the scraping plate and is connected with the vent hole, an air outlet opening is formed in the bottom part of the air storage space, which is close to the groove of the material storage cylinder, and the negative pressure generated by the Venturi tube is not influenced by disturbance of external air flow due to the existence of the air storage space, so that the dust spraying continuity is ensured.

As the improvement, the bottom of the scraper is provided with a scraper slope with a certain angle, redundant dust materials filled in the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder are shoveled away through the scraper slope at the bottom by the scraper in the movement process of the bottom plate of the storage cylinder, and the dust materials are ensured to be filled in the groove all the time, and meanwhile, the dust materials are also ensured not to be extruded to cause the change of the particle size.

As an improvement, the groove arranged at the bottom in the storage cylinder is a circle of groove with a semi-elliptical cross section.

As an improvement, the storage cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder.

As an improvement, the invention also comprises an air speed regulator which is used for controlling the flow of the air speed entering the Venturi tube.

As an improvement, the invention also comprises a rotating speed regulator, wherein the rotating speed regulator is used for controlling the rotating speed of the motor, and the faster the rotating speed is, more dust materials are sucked into the Venturi tube through the feeding pipe in unit time, thereby controlling the concentration of the dust sprayed out of the Venturi tube.

Has the advantages that:

aiming at the problems that the existing dust generating device is complex in structure and cannot ensure that a dust source is uniform, stable and continuous, uniform, stable and continuous generation of dust is realized by utilizing the characteristics of a Venturi tube, continuous and stable supply of materials is ensured by rotation of a storage barrel, and the dust concentration is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the storage barrel and the air speed in the Venturi tube.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a squeegee;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the squeegee;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge with the flights in front;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a reservoir barrel with the flight at elevation;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the venturi;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a graph of experimental dust concentration versus wind velocity.

Reference numerals: 1. a storage cylinder; 2. a squeegee; 3. a motor; 4. a groove; 5. a squeegee ramp; 6. a vent hole; 7. a wind storage space; 8. a storage cylinder cover body; 9. a venturi tube; 10. a feeding pipe 11, a fan 12 and a throat; 13. a discharge hole; 14. and an air outlet opening.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 6, a dust generating device comprises a feeding device and a spraying device, wherein the feeding device comprises a storage barrel 1, a scraping plate 2 and a motor 3, a circle of groove 4 is arranged at the bottom in the storage barrel 1 and is used for storing dust materials, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the scraping plate 2 is vertically arranged in the storage barrel 1, the scraping plate 2 is fixedly connected with a non-rotating storage barrel cover 8 to realize the fixation of the position of the scraping plate 2, a certain gap is kept between the bottom of the scraping plate and the surface of the bottom plate of the storage barrel 1, during the movement of the storage barrel 1, the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage barrel 1 is filled with the dust materials due to the gravity action of the dust materials, the scraping plate 2 shovels away the redundant dust materials filled in the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage barrel 1 through the bottom of the scraping plate 2, the scraping plate 2 is provided with two small holes, namely a discharge hole 13 and a vent hole 6, the discharge hole 13 and the vent hole 6 penetrate through the whole scraping plate 2, can reach the effect of carrying the dust material and ventilating respectively, as shown in fig. 1, set up simultaneously and store up wind space 7, it is located 2 insides of scraper blade to store up wind space 7, and be connected with air vent 6, it has an air-out opening 14 to store up wind space 7 bottom and be close to storage barrel 1 recess 4 department, the negative pressure that venturi 9 produced has been guaranteed to store up the existence in wind space 7 does not receive the influence of external air current disturbance, thereby guarantee dust spun continuity, motor 3 is connected with storage barrel 1, it is rotatory together to make storage barrel 1 along with the operation of motor 3, storage barrel lid 8 and storage barrel 1 section of thick bamboo wall swing joint, storage barrel lid does not rotate along with the motor.

As shown in fig. 5, the material spraying device comprises a venturi tube 9, a feeding pipe 10 and a fan 11, a small hole capable of communicating with the feeding pipe 10 is formed in the middle of a throat 12 of the venturi tube 9, and the feeding pipe 10 passes through a discharge hole 13 on the scraper 2, so that the feeding pipe 10 is suspended above a groove 4 at the bottom of the storage cylinder.

The fan 11 generates air flow, the air flow enters the inlet section of the venturi tube 9, when the air flow is broken by contraction, the sectional area of the venturi tube 9 gradually decreases, the air flow velocity gradually increases, the pressure intensity of the air also decreases, after the air flow velocity reaches the maximum after entering the throat, the air pressure reaches the minimum, so that the part is negative pressure, under the action of the atmospheric pressure, the air flow can be formed in the connected feeding pipe 10 at the opening position in the middle of the throat, because the feeding pipe 10 is suspended above the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage barrel 1, the air flow in the feeding hole 10 can bring the dust in the groove 4 into the throat of the venturi tube 9 under the action of the air flow, the dust is uniformly blown out from the outlet section through the diffusion section under the action of the air flow with high flow velocity in the throat, meanwhile, as shown in figure 2, the scraper slope 5 with a certain angle is arranged at the bottom of the scraper 2, and a certain gap is kept between the scraper slope 5 and the bottom surface of the storage barrel 1, redundant dust materials filled in a groove 4 at the bottom of a storage barrel 1 are shoveled away by a scraper slope 5 at the bottom by the scraper in the movement process of the storage barrel 1, the dust materials are ensured to be filled in the groove 4 all the time, and meanwhile, the dust materials are also ensured not to be extruded to cause the change of the granularity, the storage barrel 1 rotates under the action of a motor 3, the dust materials are kept to be filled in the groove 4 of the storage barrel all the time under the action of the scraper 2, an air vent 6 on the scraper 3, an air storage space 7, a feeding pipe 10, a Venturi tube 9 and a pipeline connected with the Venturi tube form an air path circulation, the air vent 6 can send air to the upper part of a feeding pipe opening of the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage barrel 1, and the pressure intensity of the groove 4 of the storage barrel is ensured to be the same with the atmospheric pressure all the time by the air vent 6.

Example 2:

the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the wall of the storage cylinder 1 is movably connected with the bottom plate and can rotate with each other, the motor 3 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate of the storage cylinder 1, the motor only drives the bottom plate of the storage cylinder 1 to rotate, the scraper 2 is fixedly connected with the cover 8 and the wall of the storage cylinder which are not rotated, the connection mode is firmer, the deformation of the scraping plate is prevented, in the working process, the motor 3 drives the bottom plate of the storage barrel 1 to rotate, the cover body 8 of the storage barrel, the barrel wall of the storage barrel and the scraping plate 2 do not rotate, the dust material fills the groove 4 under the action of gravity, because the feeding pipe 10 is suspended above the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage barrel 1, the dust material in the groove 4 can be brought into the throat of the Venturi tube 9 by the airflow in the feeding hole 10 under the action of the airflow, and the dust material is uniformly blown out from the outlet section through the diffusion section under the action of the airflow with high flow velocity in the throat.

In order to control the air quantity entering the Venturi tube, the fan is connected with the air speed regulator, the air speed regulator is used for controlling the flow of the air speed entering the Venturi tube, the rotating speed of the motor is regulated by the rotating speed regulator, the faster the rotating speed is, more dust materials are sucked into the Venturi tube through the feeding pipe in unit time, and therefore the dust concentration sprayed out of the Venturi tube is controlled.

The whole experiment system comprises a cuboid which is 2.5m long, 0.75m wide and 0.75m high, an inlet pipeline which is 2.5m long and 0.25m in diameter, a centrifugal fan and the like. One end of the cuboid is connected with a connector pipeline, and the other end of the cuboid is connected with a centrifugal pipeline. The centrifugal fan is opened to enable the air speed at the inlet of the inlet pipeline to be about 6m/s, the dust generating device is arranged at the inlet, so that dust generated by the dust generating device enters the inlet pipeline, and is finally purified by the cuboid and the centrifugal fan and then discharged into the air. And after the dust concentration in the cuboid is stable, measuring the dust concentration in the cuboid by a dust sampling instrument. The control of the dust concentration is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor and the air quantity of the fan of the dust generating device. Experiments show that when the wind speed in the experimental system reaches about 6m/s, the feeding speed is in the range of 8.84mg/s to 667mg/s, and the concentration can be theoretically 2200mg/m³The internal regulation is shown in figure 7, which is a relation graph of dust concentration and wind speed measured by the experiment of the invention, and the graph shows that the dust source of the invention is continuous and stable and has better repeatability.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust generating device comprises a feeding device and a spraying device;

the feeding device comprises a storage barrel (1), a scraper (2) and a motor (3), wherein a circle of groove (4) is formed in the bottom of the storage barrel (1) and used for storing dust materials, the scraper (2) is vertically installed in the storage barrel (1) and is fixedly connected with a storage barrel cover body (8) to fix the position of the scraper (2), two small holes are formed in the scraper (2) and respectively comprise a discharge hole (13) and an air vent (6), the discharge hole (13) and the air vent (6) penetrate through the whole scraper, the motor (3) is connected with a bottom plate of the storage barrel (1), and the motor (3) drives the storage barrel (1) to rotate together;

the material spraying device comprises a Venturi tube (9), a feeding pipe (10) and a fan (11), a small hole communicated with the feeding pipe (10) is formed in the middle of a throat (12) of the Venturi tube (9), and meanwhile, the feeding pipe (10) penetrates through a discharge hole (13) in the scraping plate (2) to enable the feeding pipe (10) to be suspended above a groove in the bottom of the storage barrel.

2. The dust generating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom plate and the wall of the storage cylinder (1) are movably connected, the motor (3) is connected with the bottom plate of the storage cylinder (1), the motor only drives the bottom plate of the storage cylinder to rotate, and the scraper (2) is fixedly connected with the cover (8) and the wall of the storage cylinder.

3. A dust generating device as defined in claims 1-2, further comprising a wind storage space (7), the wind storage space (7) is located inside the scraper (2) and connected to the vent hole (6), and a wind outlet opening (14) is provided at the bottom of the wind storage space (7) near the storage barrel groove (4).

4. A dust generating device according to claim 3, wherein the bottom of the scraper (2) is provided with an angled scraper ramp (5).

5. A dust generating device as defined in claim 3, wherein the groove (4) provided in the bottom of the storage tank (1) is a circular groove having a semi-elliptical cross-section.

6. A dust generating device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cartridge (1) is a cylindrical cartridge.

7. A dust generating apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising an air velocity regulator for controlling the flow of air velocity into the venturi.

8. A dust generating apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a speed regulator for controlling the speed of the motor (3).