CN114720150B - Test method and test system for sound insulation performance of whole vehicle - Google Patents
Test method and test system for sound insulation performance of whole vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, wherein the test method and the test system comprise the following steps: adjusting a sound source of the reverberation chamber to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure of all the positions on the outer surface of the test sample car is basically equal; measuring in-vehicle acoustic signals of a plurality of directions inside a test sample vehicle using a spherical acoustic array, wherein the spherical acoustic array is disposed inside the test sample vehicle; analyzing according to the sound signal in the vehicle to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle; and analyzing and obtaining weak parts of sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the sound pressure distribution data. Compared with the traditional test method, the method is simpler, the efficiency is higher, the area with weak sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be pointed out by one-time measurement, the arrangement difficulty is greatly reduced, the limitation of the position of the measurement area can be avoided, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the whole vehicle is analyzed, the weak area obtained by final measurement is more accurate, and the weak area with weak sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle can be rapidly measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobiles, in particular to a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole automobile.
Background
Currently, in order to improve the riding comfort of a vehicle, the requirements on the sound insulation performance of the automobile are higher and higher. In order to improve the sound insulation performance of the automobile, structural optimization can be performed on the sound leakage and sound transmission positions of the automobile so as to improve the sound insulation performance of the automobile. In order to detect the sound insulation performance of a vehicle, the difference value of sound pressure inside and outside the vehicle is often collected respectively to judge the sound insulation performance of each area.
In the related art, in order to obtain weak areas of the vehicle sound insulation performance, the sound insulation performance of different areas can be measured respectively, and areas with poor sound insulation performance can be found by comparing the sound insulation performance of different areas, so that subsequent improvement on the weak areas of the sound insulation performance is facilitated.
However, in the related art, in order to accurately measure the sound insulation performance of different areas, microphones are required to be respectively arranged at different positions on the inner surface of the vehicle to obtain the sound pressure value of the inner surface of the area, and the sound insulation performance of the area is obtained by comparing the sound pressure value of the outer surface, however, the structure of the inner surface of the vehicle is complex, and some areas such as front and rear windshields, ceilings, doors and windows are simpler in arrangement, but the microphone arrangement difficulty of the front and rear windshields, ceilings, bottom plates and other areas is high, so that the sound insulation performance is difficult to measure, and the sound insulation performance weak area of the whole vehicle cannot be measured quickly.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, which are used for solving the problems that in the sound insulation performance test of the related technology, regional test is required, the arrangement difficulty of microphones in partial regions is high, and the weak region of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle cannot be quickly measured.
In a first aspect, a method for testing sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle is provided, which includes the following steps: adjusting a sound source of the reverberation chamber to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure of all the positions on the outer surface of the test sample car is basically equal; measuring in-vehicle acoustic signals of a plurality of directions inside a test sample vehicle using a spherical acoustic array, wherein the spherical acoustic array is disposed inside the test sample vehicle; analyzing according to the sound signal in the vehicle to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle; and analyzing and obtaining weak parts of sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the sound pressure distribution data.
In some embodiments, after the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car is obtained according to the analysis of the sound signal in the car, the method comprises the following steps: shooting an actual environment image of the interior of the test sample car according to a plurality of cameras on the spherical acoustic array; and combining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car with the actual environment image to obtain the sound pressure distribution map of the inner surface of the test sample car.
In some embodiments, after the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car is obtained according to the analysis of the sound signal in the car, the method comprises the following steps: calculating a sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample car according to the sound pressure value of the outer surface of the car measured by each first microphone, wherein the first microphones are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car at intervals; calculating the mean square value of the sound pressure of the inner surface of the test sample car according to the sound pressure distribution data; and obtaining the index value of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the difference between the mean square value of the sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle and the mean square value of the sound pressure of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle.
In some embodiments, the adjusting the sound source of the reverberant room creates a reverberant environment until the sound pressure is substantially equal throughout the exterior surface of the test vehicle, comprising the steps of: a plurality of first microphones are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car, wherein the intervals between the first microphones and the outer surface of the test sample car are equal; opening a volumetric sound source inside the reverberant chamber; and adjusting the volume sound source until the extreme difference of the sound pressure values outside the vehicle measured by each first microphone is less than or equal to one decibel.
In some embodiments, the disposing a plurality of first microphones on the outer surface of the test car includes the following steps: the first microphones are respectively arranged at the top, the bottom, the front, the back, the left and the right of the test sample car; and adjusting the positions of the first microphones so that the distances between the first microphones and the outer surface of the test sample car are equal.
In some embodiments, a plurality of second microphones are arranged on the spherical measuring surface of the spherical acoustic array at intervals, and the method for measuring the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car by using the spherical acoustic array comprises the following steps: measuring a set of sound field signals p with a plurality of second microphones on the spherical acoustic array; dispersing the inner surface of the test sample car into s simple sound sources q, and calculating the green function G from the simple sound sources to the second microphone; reversely calculating sound field intensities q of s simple sound sources according to the green function G and the sound field signal p; and analyzing and obtaining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car according to the sound field intensity q of each simple source.
In some embodiments, obtaining the maximum sound pressure level area of the inner surface of the test sample car according to the sound pressure distribution data; and obtaining a corresponding frequency spectrum of the region with the maximum sound pressure level according to the sound signal obtained by measuring the spherical sound array and the region with the maximum sound pressure level of the inner surface of the test sample car.
In a second aspect, a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle is provided, which comprises: the device comprises a reverberation room, wherein a sound source is arranged in the reverberation room and used for forming a reverberation environment; the spherical acoustic array is used for being arranged in the test sample car and is used for collecting car interior sound signals in multiple directions in the test sample car; the analysis module is connected with the spherical acoustic array, and is used for processing the in-vehicle sound signals collected by the spherical acoustic array to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle and analyzing the sound pressure distribution data to obtain weak parts of sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle.
In some embodiments, further comprising: the first microphones are connected with the analysis module, are used for being arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car at intervals, have equal intervals with the outer surface of the test sample car, and are used for collecting sound pressure values outside the car; the analysis module is also connected with a sound source in the reverberation room, and is used for adjusting the sound source according to the external sound pressure values collected by the plurality of first microphones until the external sound pressure values collected by the first microphones are approximately equal.
In some embodiments, the analysis module is configured to calculate the external sound pressure mean square value of the test sample car acquired by each first microphone, the analysis module is configured to analyze the sound pressure distribution data to obtain the sound pressure mean square value of the internal surface of the test sample car, and the analysis module is configured to calculate the difference between the sound pressure mean square value of the external surface of the test sample car and the sound pressure mean square value of the internal surface of the test sample car to obtain the index value of the sound insulation performance of the whole car.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, wherein a sound source of a reverberation chamber is regulated to form a reverberation environment, so that sound pressure outside the test sample vehicle is equal, sound signals in all directions in the vehicle are detected through a spherical sound array arranged in the vehicle to obtain sound pressure distribution conditions of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle, and weak areas of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle can be obtained by comparing the sound pressure outside the vehicle, wherein the sound pressure outside the vehicle is approximately equal by regulating the sound source to control the sound pressure of the outer surface of the vehicle, and the weak areas of the sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be obtained only by obtaining the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle. Therefore, compared with the traditional test method, the method is simpler, the efficiency is higher, the area with weak sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be pointed out through one-time measurement, the arrangement difficulty is reduced, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the whole vehicle can be analyzed without being limited by the position of the measurement area, the weak area obtained through final measurement is more accurate, and the weak area with weak sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle can be measured rapidly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a first flowchart of a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second flowchart of a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a third flowchart of a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of step S1 in FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a reverberation chamber; 2. a volumetric sound source; 3. a spherical acoustic array; 4. a first microphone; 5. and (5) testing a sample vehicle.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, which can solve the problems that in the sound insulation performance test of the related technology, regional test is required, the arrangement difficulty of microphones in partial regions is high, and the sound insulation performance weak region of the whole vehicle cannot be rapidly measured.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 4, a flowchart of a test method for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: s1: adjusting the sound source of the reverberation chamber 1 to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure of all the positions on the outer surface of the test sample car 5 is basically equal; that is, the sound of the reverberation chamber 1 is adjusted to equalize the sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample car 5, the reference sound pressure is equalized, and the difference of the sound pressure values of the inner surface of the vehicle is measured subsequently, so that the difference of the sound insulation performance of the test sample car 5 can be obtained by comparison. S2: measuring in-vehicle sound signals of a plurality of directions inside the test specimen car 5 using the spherical acoustic array 3, wherein the spherical acoustic array 3 is arranged inside the test specimen car 5; compared with the original method that the microphones are arranged in all areas in the vehicle, the microphones are required to be arranged at the positions where the arrangement of the microphones is difficult, such as the vehicle bottom plate or the front wall, and the like, the test method only needs to arrange one spherical acoustic array 3 in the vehicle, namely, the collection of the acoustic signals in the vehicle is met, and the test method is simpler in use. S3: according to the analysis of the sound signals in the vehicle, sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5 are obtained; in this embodiment, a computer is disposed outside the reverberation room 1, and the computer is connected with the spherical acoustic array 3 through a data acquisition front end, and the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 can be obtained through computer analysis, S4: and analyzing according to the sound pressure distribution data to obtain a weak part of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle, wherein the sound pressure of the outer surface of the whole vehicle is basically equal to the sound pressure of the reverberation environment constructed by the reverberation chamber 1, and comparing and finding out the area with the highest sound pressure of the inner surface of the vehicle after knowing the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the vehicle to obtain the weak part of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle. The weak position that can the sound insulation performance of finding of directionality, convenient subsequent improvement and need not divide regional measurement, improved measurement of efficiency, compare simultaneously and divide regional measurement to calculate the sound pressure distribution of whole vehicle internal surface, can obtain the sound insulation performance of each regional of whole car, compare the regional measurement of survey, the regional more comprehensive accuracy of measuring. In the test process, microphones for collecting the sound signals of the areas are not required to be arranged in the areas in the vehicle, and the preparation work during the test is greatly simplified through the spherical acoustic array 3 capable of collecting multiple directions, so that the arrangement difficulty is reduced compared with the arrangement difficulty of the microphones in the areas such as the vehicle bottom plate or the front wall. In this embodiment, the acoustic array may be disposed in a central area of the vehicle during testing, so as to simulate a listening posture of a user when actually riding, and the measurement result has a higher correlation with the actual use. In this embodiment, in order to maintain the stability of the spherical acoustic array 3, the spherical acoustic array 3 may be mounted on the tripod, so as to prevent the spherical acoustic array 3 from changing angle during the test process, thereby causing deviation of the test result. Before the test, the test sample car 5 can be placed in the reverberation room 1, and the car door window is closed; in the embodiment, the test sample car 5 is in a flameout state in the test process, so that noise generated by the operation of the test sample car 5 is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, after S3, that is, after obtaining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test specimen car 5 according to the in-car sound signal analysis, the following steps are included: s5: shooting actual environment images in the vehicle according to a plurality of cameras on the spherical acoustic array 3; in this embodiment, 12 cameras are uniformly distributed on the same spherical surface of the spherical acoustic array 3, and the shooting directions of the cameras are all along the spherical radius outwards, so that the shooting omnidirectional in-vehicle space without dead angles can be shot through a plurality of cameras, and in other embodiments, more cameras can be arranged on the spherical acoustic array 3 so as to adapt to different spherical acoustic arrays 3. S6: and combining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the vehicle with the actual environment image in the vehicle to obtain the sound pressure distribution map of the inner surface of the vehicle. That is, the sound pressure information and the environment image in the vehicle are combined to obtain the sound pressure distribution map of the inner surface of the vehicle, so that the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle is displayed more intuitively, and the sound insulation weak part is known rapidly. In the subsequent analysis process, the method is improved for the area with high sound pressure. Since the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle is measured by the spherical acoustic array 3 in this embodiment, compared with the microphone acoustic arrays arranged in a planar or random manner, the sound pressure signals in all directions can be completely received, and the obtained sound pressure distribution is more accurate. In this embodiment, the spherical acoustic array 3 is connected to a computer through a data acquisition front end, and before testing, the computer needs to be set with acoustic source input parameters, acoustic source type, acoustic source size, analysis frequency bandwidth, frequency resolution, sampling time and the like related to data acquisition, so that the spherical acoustic array is applicable to acoustic insulation performance measurement under different acoustic source environments. The sound pressure distribution image of the inner surface of the vehicle can be intuitively displayed through the computer, and the archiving and communication of the subsequent test results are convenient.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, after step S3, that is, after obtaining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test specimen car 5 according to the in-car sound signal analysis, the method includes the following steps: s7: calculating a mean square value of sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample car 5 according to the sound pressure values measured by the first microphones 4, wherein the first microphones 4 are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car 5 at intervals; s8: calculating the mean square value of the sound pressure of the inner surface of the vehicle according to the sound pressure distribution data; s9: and obtaining index data of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the difference between the mean square value of the sound pressure value of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle 5 and the mean square value of the sound pressure of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5. That is, the index data of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is obtained by comparing the difference of the mean square values of the sound pressures inside and outside the vehicle, and the sound insulation performance of different test vehicles 5 can be quantitatively compared in a solidifying calculation mode, so that the larger the difference of the mean square values of the sound pressures inside and outside the vehicle is, the worse the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is indicated. The sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is conveniently compared with that of the standard test sample vehicle, and the level of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle in each standard test sample vehicle 5 is known.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, step S1, i.e. adjusting the sound source of the reverberation chamber 1 to form a reverberant environment until the sound pressure is substantially equal throughout the outer surface of the test car 5, comprises the steps of: s101: a plurality of first microphones 4 are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car 5, wherein the intervals between each first microphone 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are equal; through the interval that each first microphone 4 was equidistant from the surface of test sample car 5, can guarantee as far as possible that when the sound pressure that first microphone 4 measured equals, the sound pressure of the surface of test sample car 5 equals, in this embodiment, in order to guarantee that the sound pressure that first microphone 4 measured is closer to the sound pressure of the surface of test sample car 5, the surface of each first microphone 4 utensil test sample car 5 is ten centimeters. S102: opening a volumetric sound source 2 inside the reverberation chamber 1; two volume sound sources 2 are provided in the reverberation chamber 1, and the two volume sound sources 2 are arranged at two diagonally opposite corners of the reverberation chamber 1, respectively. And the volume sound source 2 is connected with a power amplifier, and the power amplifier is connected with the front end of data acquisition and controlled by a computer. S103: the volumetric sound source 2 is adjusted such that the difference in sound pressure values measured by the respective first microphones 4 is less than or equal to one db. The sound pressure measured by the first microphone 4 is detected to represent the sound pressure value of the outer surface of the test sample car 5, and when the extremely poor sound pressure value of the first microphone 4 is less than one decibel, the sound pressures of all positions of the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are considered to be equal, the volume sound source 2 is stopped being regulated, and the existing reverberant environment is maintained.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, step S101, that is, disposing a plurality of first microphones 4 on the outer surface of the test specimen car 5, wherein the respective first microphones 4 are spaced apart from the outer surface of the test specimen car 5 by an equal distance, includes the steps of: the top, the bottom, the front, the back, the left and the right of the test sample car 5 are respectively provided with a first microphone 4; that is, the first microphones 4 are arranged in all directions of the test sample car 5, so that the situation that the sound pressure at the position cannot be detected because the first microphones 4 are not arranged in certain areas of the test sample car 5 is avoided, the sound pressure values of all the areas on the outer surface are greatly different, and the measurement work after the influence of the reverberant environment is not established is avoided. In the present embodiment, one first microphone 4 is arranged for each azimuth, and in other embodiments, an appropriate number of first microphones 4 may be selected according to the area of each azimuth or the size of the area where sound may leak. The positions of the respective first microphones 4 are adjusted so as to be equidistant from the outer surface of the test specimen car 5. In this embodiment, the distances between each first microphone 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are ten centimeters, and in other embodiments, the values of the distances between the first microphones and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 can be adjusted, but it is required to ensure that each test car is set according to a uniform distance value so as to realize a uniform standard of index values. The vehicle exterior surface sound pressure equality when the control measurement sound pressure equality can be realized through the interval equality of control first microphone 4 and test sample car 5.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, a plurality of second microphones are arranged on a spherical measuring surface of the spherical acoustic array 3 at intervals, that is, sound signals in different directions are collected by the second microphones arranged at intervals, so as to achieve the purpose of measuring the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle, and step S3, that is, measuring the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test specimen car 5 using the spherical acoustic array 3, includes the following steps: measuring a set of sound field signals p by using a plurality of second microphones on the spherical acoustic array 3; dispersing the inner surface of the test sample car 5 into s simple sound sources q, and calculating the green function G from the simple sound sources to the second microphone; reversely calculating sound field intensities q of s simple sound sources according to the green function G and the sound field signal p; and analyzing according to the sound field intensity q of each simple source to obtain the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car 5. That is, by dispersing sound transmitted from the outside into the vehicle into simple sound sources distributed along the inner surface, the sound field signal measured by the nth second microphone can be regarded as being generated by the combined action of s simple sound sources, as follows:
the reduction to vector form is p=gq (2).
And then, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle can be obtained by reversely solving s simple sound sources through the measured sound field signals of the m second microphones. The reconstructed data is closer to the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test car 5 than the data directly acquired by the second microphone is used as the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test car 5. The subsequent analysis of the cause of weakness in sound insulation is also more accurate.
In some alternative embodiments, the method is performed according to the green function G (r m ,r s ) Sound field signals P (r m ) The sound field intensity q (r) of s simple sound sources is obtained by reverse calculation s ) Which comprises the following steps: the inverse solution of the matrix is converted to a minimized form solution. Due to the green's function G (r m ,r s ) In practice, there is an irreversible case, and in order to solve the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test specimen car 5, a simple sound source q when the modulus of the matrix p-Gq is at a minimum can be found. That is, by converting an inverse solution problem into a minimized form solution problem, the solution of a simple sound source can be achieved when the green function is not reversible.
And the prior information about the sound pressure distribution can be introduced, and the prior information can be continuously corrected in the iterative process. In this embodiment, a regularization matrix L is introduced to improve the accuracy of sound pressure reconstruction, and the formula after introduction is
By introducing a priori information, the reduction in accuracy of the reconstruction due to minimization is reduced. The output result is continuously corrected in the iteration process, so that the convergence accuracy is ensured. In the actual calculation process, due to the limitation of the spherical acoustic array 3 and the acquisition front end channel, the number of second acoustic arrays is smaller than the number of reconstruction points on the inner surface of the test sample car 5, and a reconstruction underdetermined problem can occur during solving, wherein the iterative optimal solution of the formula (3) is obtained under the condition that the first derivative is zero:
q (n+1) ＝L (n) (GL (n) ) H (GL (n) (GL (n) ) H +β 2 I) -1 p (4)
wherein L is (n) The n-th iteration result of the regularization matrix L. To facilitate subsequent analysis, the transformation of equation (4) with a complex form is simplified to the form:
q (n+1) ＝L (n) A H (AA H +β 2 I) -1 p (5)
a=gl in formula (5) (n) And a= [ a (r) 1 ),...,a(r s ),...,a(r N )]。q (n+1) The general expression of the expression (5) is used to reconstruct the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test specimen car 5. In this embodiment, each spherical acoustic array 3 has a spherical measurement surface on which a plurality of second microphones are uniformly spaced apart, and the extending directions of the second microphones intersect at the center of the measurement surface. That is, by measuring the sound signals in the vehicle by the second microphones uniformly distributed on the spherical measuring surface, since the extending directions of the respective second microphones intersect at the center of the spherical measuring surface, the sound signals in different directions can be collected by the different second microphones, and the accuracy of measurement can be improved, in the present embodiment, the spherical sound array 3 has two specifications, that is, the specification in which thirty-six second microphones are arranged and the specification in which fifty second microphones are arranged, respectively, both of which can realize the measurement of the sound signals in a wide angle range. Both can cover the full angle measurement. In other embodiments, the volume of the spherical acoustic array 3 may be increased as appropriateThe number of second microphones is reduced. Compared with the traditional microphone arrangement, the relative positions of the microphones can be controlled, the calculation of the sound pressure distribution data is simplified, and the error in the process of reversely calculating the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the vehicle is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1-5, in some alternative embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of: obtaining the maximum area of the sound pressure level of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 according to the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test sample car 5; and obtaining a corresponding frequency spectrum of the sound pressure level maximum area according to the obtained sound pressure signal measured by the spherical sound array 3 and the sound pressure level maximum area of the inner surface of the test sample car 5. That is, after the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle is obtained, the spectrum information of the region with the largest sound pressure on the inner surface of the vehicle needs to be obtained, and the improvement direction of the sound insulation performance can be qualitatively given, for example, what structure needs to be added at the position to reduce the transmission of sound waves with a certain frequency, so that the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is improved, and the structure of the weak sound insulation position is improved conveniently. In other embodiments, the spectrum information of other weak portions may be analyzed, so as to comprehensively improve the sound insulation performance of the vehicle.
Meanwhile, the embodiment of the invention also provides a test system for the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle, which can comprise the following steps: the device comprises a reverberation room 1, wherein a sound source is arranged in the reverberation room 1 and used for forming a reverberation environment; the spherical acoustic array 3 is used for being arranged in the test sample car 5, and the spherical acoustic array 3 is used for collecting car interior sound signals in multiple directions in the test sample car 5; the analysis module is connected with the spherical acoustic array 3 and is used for processing the sound signals collected by the spherical acoustic array 3 in the vehicle to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5 and analyzing the sound pressure distribution data to obtain weak parts of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle. The analysis module may be a computer or other analysis processing system. The spherical measuring surface of the spherical acoustic array 3 is provided with a plurality of second microphones at intervals, so that sound signals in different directions are collected, and as the second microphones are uniformly arranged, the situation of collecting the sound signals in each area can be guaranteed to be the same, and collecting blind areas are avoided.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, a plurality of first microphones 4 are connected to the analysis module, the first microphones 4 are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car 5 at intervals, the intervals between the first microphones 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are equal, and the first microphones 4 are used for collecting the sound pressure value outside the car; the analysis module is also connected with a sound source in the reverberation chamber 1, and is used for adjusting the sound source according to the sound pressure values outside the vehicle collected by the plurality of first microphones 4 until the sound pressure values outside the vehicle collected by the first microphones 4 are approximately equal. That is, sound pressure information of the outer surface of the vehicle is tested by each first microphone 4, and the sound pressure value is transmitted to an analysis system, and the establishment of the reverberant environment is achieved by controlling the sound source by the analysis system. By controlling the distances between the first microphones 4 and the test specimen car 5 to be consistent, the measured sound pressure values are more consistent with the actual sound pressure of the outer surface of the vehicle.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, an analysis module is configured to calculate the sound pressure value of the exterior surface of the test car 5 collected by each first microphone 4, and the analysis module is configured to analyze the sound pressure distribution data to obtain the sound pressure mean square value of the interior surface of the test car 5, and the analysis module is configured to calculate the difference between the sound pressure mean square value of the exterior surface of the test car 5 and the sound pressure mean square value of the interior surface of the test car 5 to obtain the index value of the sound insulation performance of the whole car. That is, by quantitatively calculating the index data of the sound insulation performance, the sound insulation performance of different vehicles can be conveniently compared later. The sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be obtained more comprehensively by combining the distribution data of the vehicle sound pressure.
The test method and the test system for the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following principles:
the sound source of the reverberation room is adjusted to form a reverberation environment, so that the external sound pressure of the test sample car 5 is equal, sound signals in all directions in the car are detected through the spherical sound array arranged in the car, the sound pressure distribution condition of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 is obtained, the sound insulation performance of the whole car can be obtained by comparing the external sound pressure of the car, the test process is simple, the spherical sound array is convenient to arrange, microphones are not required to be arranged at the positions, such as the front wall and the bottom plate of the test sample car 5, which are difficult to contact, and the test process is greatly simplified. Compared with the traditional test method, the method is simpler, the efficiency is higher, the area with weak sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be pointed out by one-time measurement, the arrangement difficulty is reduced, the limitation of the position of the measurement area can be avoided, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the whole vehicle is analyzed, and the weak area obtained by final measurement is more accurate. An object of improving directivity is provided. And subsequent technicians can find out the reason for weak sound insulation performance conveniently and improve the sound insulation performance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be noted that in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The test method of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adjusting the sound source of the reverberation chamber (1) to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure of all the positions on the outer surface of the test sample car (5) is basically equal;
measuring in-vehicle sound signals in multiple directions inside a test sample vehicle (5) by using a spherical sound array (3), wherein the spherical sound array (3) is arranged inside the test sample vehicle (5);
according to the sound signal analysis in the vehicle, sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle (5) are obtained;
analyzing and obtaining weak parts of sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the sound pressure distribution data;
a plurality of second microphones are uniformly and alternately arranged on a spherical measuring surface of the spherical acoustic array (3), the extending directions of the second microphones are intersected at the center of the spherical measuring surface, the spherical acoustic array (3) is used for measuring sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5), and the method comprises the following steps:
measuring a set of sound field signals p with a number of second microphones on the spherical acoustic array (3);
dispersing the inner surface of the test sample car (5) into s simple sound sources q, and calculating the green function G from the simple sound sources to the second microphone;
reversely calculating sound field intensities q of s simple sound sources according to the green function G and the sound field signal p;
and analyzing and obtaining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound field intensity q of each simple source.
2. The test method of sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps after the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test specimen vehicle (5) is obtained according to the in-vehicle sound signal analysis:
shooting actual environment images inside the test sample car (5) according to a plurality of cameras on the spherical acoustic array (3);
and combining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) with the actual environment image to obtain the sound pressure distribution map of the inner surface of the test sample car (5).
3. The test method of sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps after the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test specimen vehicle (5) is obtained according to the in-vehicle sound signal analysis:
calculating a mean square value of sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound pressure value of the outer surface of the car measured by each first microphone (4), wherein the first microphones (4) are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car (5) at intervals;
calculating a sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound pressure distribution data;
and obtaining the index value of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the difference between the mean square value of the sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle (5) and the mean square value of the sound pressure of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle (5).
4. Test method for the sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound source of the conditioning reverberation chamber (1) forms a reverberant environment until the sound pressure is substantially equal throughout the outer surface of the test vehicle (5), comprising the following steps:
a plurality of first microphones (4) are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car (5), wherein the intervals between each first microphone (4) and the outer surface of the test sample car (5) are equal;
opening a volumetric sound source (2) inside the reverberant chamber (1);
and adjusting the volume sound source (2) until the extreme difference of the sound pressure value outside the vehicle measured by each first microphone (4) is less than or equal to one decibel.
5. The method for testing the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of first microphones are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample vehicle (5), and the method comprises the following steps:
the first microphones (4) are respectively arranged at the top, the bottom, the front, the back, the left and the right of the test sample car (5);
and adjusting the positions of the first microphones (4) so that the distances between the first microphones (4) and the outer surface of the test sample car (5) are equal.
6. The method for testing sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
obtaining the largest area of the sound pressure level of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound pressure distribution data;
and obtaining a corresponding frequency spectrum of the region with the maximum sound pressure level according to the sound signal obtained by measuring the spherical sound array (3) and the region with the maximum sound pressure level of the inner surface of the test sample car (5).
7. Test system of whole car sound insulation performance, its characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a reverberation room (1), wherein a sound source is arranged in the reverberation room (1) and used for forming a reverberation environment;
the spherical acoustic array (3) is used for being arranged in the test sample car (5), and the spherical acoustic array (3) is used for collecting car interior acoustic signals in multiple directions in the test sample car (5);
the analysis module is connected with the spherical acoustic array (3), and is used for processing the in-vehicle sound signals collected by the spherical acoustic array (3) to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle (5) and analyzing the sound pressure distribution data to obtain weak parts of sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle;
a plurality of second microphones are uniformly and alternately arranged on a spherical measuring surface of the spherical acoustic array (3), the extending directions of the second microphones intersect at the center of the spherical measuring surface, and the analysis module is used for processing the in-vehicle sound signals collected by the spherical acoustic array (3) to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5), and the method comprises the following steps:
measuring a set of sound field signals p with a number of second microphones on the spherical acoustic array (3);
dispersing the inner surface of the test sample car (5) into s simple sound sources q, and calculating the green function G from the simple sound sources to the second microphone;
reversely calculating sound field intensities q of s simple sound sources according to the green function G and the sound field signal p;
and analyzing and obtaining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound field intensity q of each simple source.
8. The test system for sound insulation performance of a finished automobile as claimed in claim 7, further comprising:
the first microphones (4) are connected with the analysis module, the first microphones (4) are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car (5) at intervals, the distances between the first microphones (4) and the outer surface of the test sample car (5) are equal, and the first microphones (4) are used for collecting sound pressure values outside the car;
the analysis module is also connected with a sound source in the reverberation chamber (1), and is used for adjusting the sound source according to the external sound pressure values collected by the plurality of first microphones (4) until the external sound pressure values collected by the first microphones (4) are approximately equal.
9. The test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle according to claim 8, wherein:
the analysis module is used for calculating the sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample car (5) acquired by each first microphone (4), the analysis module is used for analyzing the sound pressure distribution data to obtain the sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample car (5), and the analysis module is used for obtaining the index value of the sound insulation performance of the whole car by differentiating the sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample car (5) and the sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample car (5).
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