CN114719695A - Tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock mass and design method for blocking tunnel - Google Patents
Tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock mass and design method for blocking tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114719695A CN114719695A CN202210333464.9A CN202210333464A CN114719695A CN 114719695 A CN114719695 A CN 114719695A CN 202210333464 A CN202210333464 A CN 202210333464A CN 114719695 A CN114719695 A CN 114719695A
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- roadway
- turn
- blasting
- rock mass
- soft rock
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/18—Plugs for boreholes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock and a design method for blocking the tunnel, which aims to solve the technical problems that the tunnel mostly adopts a cement prefabricated block for integral backfilling in the blasting construction of the existing rock engineering, so that the engineering blasting has large engineering quantity and high consumption, or bulk materials are adopted for integral backfilling, but the distance of the required backfilled tunnel is long. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1. determining the charging position and charging equivalent weight of the blasting to be implemented according to the type and main properties of the soft rock mass at the engineering blasting position and the topography at the blasting position, and calculating the length of the minimum resistant line of the blasting in the soft rock mass; 2. determining the size of the section of the roadway and the position of the entry of the roadway according to the collected construction traffic size and the construction facility arrangement requirement; 3. a tunnel axis is arranged at the connecting line accessory of the charging position and the tunnel entrance position; the roadway axis comprises at least two turns, and the turning directions are opposite in sequence; 4. and blocking structures are arranged in the roadway and at the turning positions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering blasting effect protection, in particular to a tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock and a design method for blocking the tunnel.
Background
The engineering blasting is widely applied to national economic activities such as capital construction, mining and the like. The medium strength of the soft rock mass is low, the wave velocity is slow, the characteristics of the rock mass medium must be concerned when the engineering blasting is implemented, the reliable design is carried out, the blasting activity is implemented safely, and the safety of fields and personnel is guaranteed.
The conventional engineering blasting roadway design mainly considers the engineering construction requirements, the blockage is integrally backfilled by adopting a cement prefabricated block, the engineering quantity is large, and the consumption is high; or bulk materials are adopted for integral backfilling, but the required backfilling roadway distance is long, and the engineering quantity is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing tunnel for blasting construction of rock mass engineering mostly adopts cement prefabricated blocks for integral backfill, so that the engineering blasting work load is large and the cost is high, or bulk materials are adopted for integral backfill, but the required backfill tunnel distance is long, and provides a tunnel for blasting in soft rock mass and a design method for blocking the tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a tunnel blasted in soft rock mass engineering and a design method for blocking the tunnel blasted in soft rock mass engineering are characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the roadway axis comprises at least two turns, and the turning directions are opposite in sequence;
step 4, arranging blocking structures in the roadway and at the turning positions;
a bulk material stacking and blocking structure is adopted in the roadway; the blocking structure of at least one turn close to the entrance of the roadway adopts a masonry blocking structure, and the blocking structures of the other turns adopt bagged bulk materials for blocking.
Further, in step 1:
the soft rock mass comprises glutenite, tuff, loess or weathered rock mass;
according to the rock mass category and the charging equivalent weight, the relationship between the minimum resistance line length r of blasting in the soft rock mass and the charging equivalent weight w is as follows:
r＝K1w1/3
wherein, K1Dependent on empirical constants of the soft rock mass class, K1＝1.9-2.2；
w is the equivalent TNT equivalent of the explosive; r is the minimum resistant wire length.
Further, in step 4:
the bulk materials piled in the roadway are bulk materials of the roadway excavated on site;
the bagged bulk cargo is bulk cargo obtained by excavating roadway on site and screening out large blocks;
the masonry block is a larger-sized stone block in the bulk material or a cement block prefabricated by utilizing cement mortar.
Further, the roadway axis comprises two turns, and the turning directions are opposite in sequence.
Further, the distance L between the first turn and the charging position 11/3 ± 1/10 for a minimum resistant wire length r; the included angle alpha between the extension line of the connecting line of the first turn and the charging position and the connecting line of the first turn and the second turn130 ° ± 10 °;
the distance L between the second turn and the charging position2Greater than or equal to the minimum resistant wire length r; the included angle between the extension line of the connecting line of the first turning and the second turning and the connecting line of the second turning and the roadway entrance is alpha2，α2The method is determined according to the mountain terrain and construction convenience conditions.
Further, when the equivalent diameter of the roadway is D, the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the first turn and the first turn is 1.5D-2.5D, and the thickness of the blocking structure is 0.5m-1.0 m;
the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the second turn and the first turn is 1.5D-2.5D, and the thickness of the blocking structure is 0.5m-1.0 m.
Furthermore, the end of the outer side of the second turn roadway is a plane and is perpendicular to the axis of the second turn and the roadway entrance.
Further, the distance L1 from the location of the charge at the first turn is 1/3 of the minimum resistant wire length r;
the included angle alpha between the extension line of the connecting line of the first turn and the charging position and the connecting line of the first turn and the second turn1Is 30 degrees;
the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the first turn and the first turn is 2D, and the thickness of the blocking structure is at least 0.5 m;
the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the second turn and the first turn is at least 0.5m when the thickness of the 2D blocking structure is larger than the thickness of the first turn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the design method for the tunnel and the blockage of the engineering blasting in the soft rock mass, the construction tunnel and the blockage structure in the tunnel suitable for the engineering blasting in the soft rock mass are designed, the blockage structure, the blockage material and the construction key points of the blockage structure are definitely given, the engineering blasting safety can be guaranteed, and the important significance is achieved for improving the engineering blasting safety and the economical efficiency;
simultaneously, the blocking structure adopts the mode that the bulk materials are piled up, the bulk materials in bags are blocked and masonry stones (or prefabricated cement blocks) are blocked and combined, the bulk materials and the stones which are excavated in a roadway are adopted as backfill materials on the spot, the cost is greatly saved, and the problem that engineering blasting consumes high in soft rock mass is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a design flow chart of an embodiment of a design method for a roadway of engineering blasting in a soft rock body and blocking thereof;
FIG. 2 is a design structure diagram of the construction roadway axis according to the embodiment of the design method for the engineering blasting roadway and the blockage thereof in the soft rock mass;
FIG. 3 is a design structure diagram of construction roadway blockage according to the design method of engineering blasting roadway and blockage thereof in soft rock mass.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention clearer, the following will explain in detail the design method of a tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock mass and its blocking proposed by the present invention with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for designing a tunnel and its blockage by soft rock mass engineering blasting according to the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
In the embodiment, the rock mass at the blasting position of the engineering is sand gravel, which is represented by the fact that gravel with different sizes is contained in the sand gravel soil, and the terrain at the blasting position is formed by a plurality of hills, and valleys are communicated among the hills.
Engineering blasting is carried out in one of the hills, the charging position (marked as 0, the same below) is determined to be right below the top of the hill according to rock mass type and topographic data and by referring to relevant blasting specifications or industry requirements, and the equivalent TNT equivalent w of blasting charging to be carried out is 8200 kg.
According to the conclusion of the engineering blasting practice in the sand gravel, the relationship between the minimum resistant line length r of blasting in the sand gravel and the charging equivalent weight w can be taken as follows:
r＝K1w1/3
wherein, K1Is an empirical constant (m/kg) depending on the soft rock mass class1/3) W is the equivalent TNT equivalent (kg) of the explosive, r is the minimum resistant line length (m);
K1the minimum resistant wire length r is calculated to be about 44.4m 2.2.
And 2, determining the size of the section of the roadway and the position of the entry of the roadway (marked as 3, the same below) according to the collected construction traffic size and the construction facility arrangement requirements.
In the embodiment, the size of the section of the roadway is about 1.8m high and 1.5m wide, and the equivalent diameter of the roadway is about 1.85 m; according to the terrain conditions, a position is determined in a valley which is close to the charging position 0 and is convenient for construction to pass as a construction roadway entrance position 3.
a roadway axis is arranged at the connection accessory of the powder charging position 0 and the roadway entrance position 3, the roadway axis comprises two turns, namely a first turn position (marked as 1, the same below) and a second turn position (marked as 2, the same below) from the powder charging position 0 to the roadway entrance direction (the outer side, the same below);
as shown in fig. 2, the distance L between the charge position 0 and the line of the first turn 111/3 having a minimum resistance line length r, i.e. the distance between the loading position 0 and the line of the first turn 1 is about 14.8m, the turn angle is alpha1About 30 degrees, and the included angle between the extension line of the connecting line of the specific powder charging position 0 and the first turn 1 and the connecting line of the first turn 1 and the second turn 2 is 30 degrees;
distance L between the charge position 0 and the line of the second turn 22Greater than or equal to the length r of the minimum resistant line, reversely turns to the entrance 3 of the roadway, the outer side end of the roadway at the second turn 2 is a plane, the turning direction is opposite to that of the first turn, and the turning angle alpha is2Particularly the included angle alpha between the extension line of the connecting line of the first turn 1 and the second turn 2 and the connecting line of the second turn 2 and the roadway entrance 32The specific numerical value is determined according to the mountain terrain and construction convenience conditions. The second turn 2 may be positioned appropriately close to charge position 0 if the turn angle is too large.
And 4, arranging a blocking structure in the direction close to the charging position 0 in the first turn 1 and the second turn 2 of the roadway.
As shown in fig. 3, assuming that the equivalent diameter of the roadway is D, a bagged bulk material plugging structure is arranged at a position (1 ') of the first turn 1, which is close to the charging position by about 2D in the direction of 0 (or 1'), namely, 1 'of the first turn 1 by about 3.7m (or the distance between the centers of explosion is 14.8m-3.7 m-11.1 m), and the starting position of the plugging section is 1' to the position far from the charging direction by about 0.5 m.
The second turn 2 is provided with a section of masonry block (or precast cement block) blocking structure, the starting position of the blocking section is a position (marked as 2 ') of the second turn 2, which is close to the charging direction by about 2D, namely a position 2' which is about 3.7m away from the second turn 2, and the ending position is a position which is about 0.5m away from the extension line of the outer side wall surface of the roadway of the first turn 1 and the second turn 2. The outer end face of the masonry blocking structure is approximately perpendicular to the axis of a second turning 2 and a roadway of a roadway entrance 3, and the total length of the blocking section structure can exceed 2 times of the equivalent diameter of the roadway.
Meanwhile, bulk cargo piling is adopted between the loading position 0 in the roadway and the bagged bulk cargo blocking sections and between the 2 blocking sections.
The bulk material used for bulk material accumulation is a bulk material of a roadway excavated in situ, and gravel with small size is contained in gravel soil;
the bulk materials in the bagged bulk material blockage are screened bulk materials (large bulk materials are screened out) of a roadway excavated in situ, and the total volume is about 1.5 square (1.8m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.5 m);
the stones in the masonry stone blocking section are stones with larger sizes in bulk materials of a roadway excavated on site, and if no stones with larger sizes are available, stones with certain volumes are found on the surface of the site, so that the requirement (about ten cubes) for building the structure of the stone blocking section is met or cement mortar is directly utilized to prefabricate cement blocks.
It should be noted that: the scum scattered to the surface of the roadway during excavation is cleaned to the original rock before the construction of the blocking section structure, the blocking section structure is piled or built to the top of the roadway without leaving gaps, and the building stones are built to block the section structure and need to be maintained for more than 3 days after the construction is finished.
The construction tunnel structure of engineering blasting in the soft rock mass is designed out in this embodiment, gives the block structure in tunnel, blocking material and construction design simultaneously, can be used to safe, the high-efficient implementation of engineering blasting in the soft rock mass, adopts the bulk cargo and the stone in excavation tunnel to be backfill on the spot, saves the expenditure by a wide margin to can ensure engineering blasting safety, have important meaning to improvement engineering blasting security, economic nature.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A roadway for soft rock mass engineering blasting and a design method for blocking the roadway are characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the charge position and charge equivalent of the blasting to be implemented according to the type and main properties of the soft rock mass at the engineering blasting position and the topography at the blasting position, and then calculating the length of the minimum resistance line of the blasting in the soft rock mass;
step 2, determining the size of the section of the roadway and the position of the entry of the roadway according to the collected construction traffic size and the construction facility arrangement requirements;
step 3, arranging a roadway axis at a connecting accessory between the charging position and the roadway entrance position;
the roadway axis comprises at least two turns, and the turning directions are opposite in sequence;
step 4, arranging blocking structures in the roadway and at the turning positions;
a bulk material stacking and blocking structure is adopted in the roadway; the blocking structure of at least one turn close to the entrance of the roadway adopts a masonry blocking structure, and the blocking structures of the other turns adopt bagged bulk materials for blocking.
2. The method for designing the tunnel and the blockage thereof in the soft rock mass engineering blasting according to claim 1, is characterized in that in the step 1:
the soft rock mass comprises glutenite, tuff, loess or weathered rock mass;
according to the rock mass category and the charging equivalent weight, the relationship between the minimum resistance line length r of blasting in the soft rock mass and the charging equivalent weight w is as follows:
r＝K1w1/3
wherein, K1In order to rely on empirical constants of the soft rock mass class, K1＝1.9-2.2；
w is the equivalent TNT equivalent of the explosive; r is the minimum resistant wire length.
3. The method for designing the tunnel and the blockage thereof in the soft rock mass engineering blasting according to the claim 1, is characterized in that in the step 4:
the bulk materials piled up in the roadway are bulk materials excavated in situ;
the bagged bulk cargo is bulk cargo obtained by screening large blocks of roadway bulk cargo excavated on site;
the masonry block is a larger-sized stone block in the bulk material or a cement block prefabricated by utilizing cement mortar.
4. A design method for a tunnel and its blockage of soft rock mass engineering blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
the roadway axis comprises two turns, and the turning directions are opposite in sequence.
5. The method for designing the blasting roadway and the blockage thereof in the soft rock mass engineering according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
the distance L between the first turn and the charging position11/3 + -1/10 of minimum resistant wire length r; the included angle alpha between the extension line of the connecting line of the first turn and the charging position and the connecting line of the first turn and the second turn130 ° ± 10 °;
the distance L between the second turn and the charging position2Greater than or equal to the minimum resistant wire length r; the included angle between the extension line of the connecting line of the first turn and the second turn and the connecting line of the second turn and the roadway entrance is alpha2，α2And determining according to the mountain terrain and construction convenience conditions.
6. The method for designing the blasting roadway and the blockage thereof in the soft rock mass engineering according to claim 5, is characterized in that:
when the equivalent diameter of the roadway is D, the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the first turn and the first turn is 1.5D-2.5D, and the thickness of the blocking structure is 0.5m-1.0 m;
the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the second turn and the first turn is 1.5D-2.5D, and the thickness of the blocking structure is 0.5m-1.0 m.
7. The method for designing the blasting roadway and the blockage thereof in the soft rock mass engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the outer side end of the second turn roadway is a plane and is perpendicular to the axis of the second turn and the roadway entrance.
8. The method for designing the tunnel and the blockage thereof in the soft rock mass engineering blasting according to the claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that:
the distance L1 between the first turn and the charge position is 1/3 of the length r of the minimum resistant wire;
an included angle alpha between an extension line of a connecting line of the first turn and the charging position and a connecting line of the first turn and the second turn1Is 30 degrees;
the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the first turn and the first turn is 2D, and the thickness of the blocking structure is at least 0.5 m;
the distance between the starting point of the blocking structure at the second turn and the first turn is at least 0.5m when the thickness of the 2D blocking structure is larger than the thickness of the first turn.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210333464.9A CN114719695A (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock mass and design method for blocking tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210333464.9A CN114719695A (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock mass and design method for blocking tunnel |
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| CN114719695A true CN114719695A (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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| CN202210333464.9A Pending CN114719695A (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Tunnel for engineering blasting in soft rock mass and design method for blocking tunnel |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2122066C1 (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-11-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Гидроспецпроект" | Process of throwing dam across canyon by blast |
| RU2390722C1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-05-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Spaced-filled tamping |
| CN103884246A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-06-25 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | High-deep chute shaft blockage blasting cartridge and fixed-point cartridge delivery method |
| CN105698619A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-22 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Blasting construction method used before construction of mountain shortcuts above existing roads |
| US20200340781A1 (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Subterranean Well Thrust-Propelled Torpedo Deployment System and Method |
| CN113503783A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-15 | 广西中金岭南矿业有限责任公司 | Draw shaft blocking blasting device and blasting method based on mine high-pressure water |
-
2022
- 2022-03-30 CN CN202210333464.9A patent/CN114719695A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2122066C1 (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-11-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Гидроспецпроект" | Process of throwing dam across canyon by blast |
| RU2390722C1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-05-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Spaced-filled tamping |
| CN103884246A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-06-25 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | High-deep chute shaft blockage blasting cartridge and fixed-point cartridge delivery method |
| CN105698619A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-22 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Blasting construction method used before construction of mountain shortcuts above existing roads |
| US20200340781A1 (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Subterranean Well Thrust-Propelled Torpedo Deployment System and Method |
| CN113503783A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-15 | 广西中金岭南矿业有限责任公司 | Draw shaft blocking blasting device and blasting method based on mine high-pressure water |
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