CN114718446B - Mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method and deep hole drilling method - Google Patents
Mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method and deep hole drilling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of deep hole drilling of tunnels, and provides a mountain railway tunnel deep hole drilling method. The mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method comprises the following steps: dividing the tunnel body section into a plurality of geological units by taking a geological interface as a boundary; arranging a first-level drilling hole at the boundary of the geological unit, and arranging a second-level drilling hole in the geological unit; the hole pitch of the second level holes is calculated as the formula l=h/(tanα×sin δ+tanθ). The tunnel body section is divided into a plurality of geological units, and holes are drilled in the geological units, so that the stratum lithology and the stratum structure in each geological unit can be effectively explored; through quantitative control of the drilling intervals, the number of drilling holes is reduced while continuous geological exploration is guaranteed, so that the exploration cost is reduced, the exploration period is saved, and the economical efficiency and rationality of engineering are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep hole drilling of tunnels, in particular to a mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method and a deep hole drilling method.
Background
The deep hole drilling of the long and large deep buried tunnel in the sedimentary rock area is a serious difficulty in geological investigation of tunnel engineering, the purpose of the deep hole drilling of the tunnel is to find out or verify the geological information of the deep part of the tunnel body section, and particularly when each geological unit partition presumes that the geological information has larger difference according to the ground quality adjustment drawing without drilling verification, continuous geological exploration concept should be implemented, and all geological boundaries are ensured to have drilling control. Therefore, when the long and large deep buried tunnel in the sedimentary rock area is drilled, the drilling intervals are reasonably determined, and a certain number of drilling holes are arranged to realize continuous exploration, so that the purposes of finding out engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions of the tunnel body section are achieved.
However, the current drilling arrangement mainly depends on the knowledge and experience of geology technicians on tunnel engineering geological conditions, mainly is qualitative, and lacks a quantitative determination method for the drilling interval. This will lead to the following problems: 1. if the drilling interval is large, continuous exploration cannot be realized, and the purpose of finding out engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions of the tunnel segment cannot be achieved. 2. If the drilling intervals are smaller, although connection exploration can be realized, the purpose of finding out engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions of tunnel segments is achieved, too many drilling holes exist, and further the exploration cost and the exploration period are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method and the deep hole drilling method not only realize continuous geological exploration, but also reduce the exploration cost and save the exploration period.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method comprises the following steps: dividing the tunnel body section into a plurality of geological units by taking a geological interface as a boundary; arranging a first-level drilling hole at the boundary of the geological unit, and arranging a second-level drilling hole in the geological unit; the drilling interval of the second-level drilling holes in the geological unit is calculated according to the formula (1):
L＝H/(tanα×sinδ+tanθ) (1)
wherein L is the drilling interval, and the unit is m; h is the depth of a hole drilled in the preamble, and the unit is m; alpha is the true dip angle of the rock stratum, and the unit is the degree; delta is the included angle between the stratum trend and the tunnel axis, and the unit is the degree; θ is the angle between the tunnel axis and the horizontal plane, in degrees.
Further, the order of placement of the second-level boreholes within the geological unit is consistent with formation inclination.
Further, when the true inclination angle alpha of the rock stratum is more than or equal to 60 degrees and the drilling interval L calculated according to the formula (1) is less than or equal to 200m, the drilling interval L is corrected to be 200m.
Further, when the true inclination angle alpha of the rock stratum is less than or equal to 30 degrees and the drilling interval L calculated according to the formula (1) is more than or equal to 1000m, the drilling interval L is corrected to 1000m.
Further, the geological interface comprises a tunnel entrance and exit, a fault interface, a anticline core and a syncline core.
Further, the depths of the first-level drilling holes and the second-level drilling holes are respectively 5-15m below the tunnel road shoulder.
The mountain railway tunnel deep hole drilling method adopts the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method to design a drilling arrangement diagram, and holes are drilled in the tunnel body section according to the drilling arrangement diagram.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method and the deep hole drilling method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the tunnel body section is divided into a plurality of geological units, and holes are drilled in the geological units, so that the stratum lithology and the stratum structure in each geological unit can be effectively explored; through quantitative control of the drilling intervals, the number of drilling holes is reduced while continuous geological exploration is guaranteed, so that the exploration cost is reduced, the exploration period is saved, and the economical efficiency and rationality of engineering are realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below; it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel segment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure after the first and second level boreholes are arranged in the tunnel boring section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel section view angle and the true dip angle of the rock stratum;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the inclination angle and the gradient of the tunnel in the section of the tunnel;
fig. 5 is a railway tunnel boring arrangement of example 1.
The reference numerals in the drawings are: 101-tunnel hole segments, 102-geological interfaces, 103-geological units, 104-first-level drilling, 105-second-level drilling, 106-tunnels, 107-small village anticlines and 108-large gateway faults.
Detailed Description
In order that the present invention may be better understood by those skilled in the art, it is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In order to ensure that the railway tunnel engineering realizes continuous geological exploration, find out the engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions of the tunnel body section, greatly reduce the exploration cost, save the exploration period and maximally realize the economical efficiency and rationality of the engineering, the invention provides a mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method and a deep hole drilling method. The railway tunnel particularly refers to a long and large deep buried tunnel in a sedimentary rock area.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: dividing the tunnel body section 101 into a plurality of geological units 103 by taking a geological interface 102 as a boundary; arranging a first level borehole 104 at the boundary of the geological unit 103 and a second level borehole 105 within the geological unit 103; the borehole spacing of the second-level borehole 105 within the geological unit 103 is calculated according to equation (1):
L＝H/(tanα×sinδ+tanθ) (1)
wherein L is the drilling interval, and the unit is m; h is the depth of a hole drilled in the preamble, and the unit is m; alpha is the true dip angle of the rock stratum, and the unit is the degree; delta is the included angle between the stratum trend and the tunnel axis, and the unit is the degree; θ is the angle between the tunnel axis and the horizontal plane, in degrees.
Referring to fig. 1, before the tunnel hole 101 is drilled, geological data collection and detailed geodetic drawing should be performed, and the longitudinal section of the tunnel should be filled to grasp the spatial morphological characteristics of the main geological boundary. After the geological data collection and the ground quality investigation are completed, the tunnel hole section 101 is bordered along the direction of the tunnel 106 by a certain geological interface 102, for example, a tunnel entrance, a fault interface, a anticline core, a syncline core and the like are bordered by a large geological interface 102, and geological units of different structures and similar strata are subjected to normalization processing to obtain a plurality of geological units 103 of different geology. For example, three different geology geological units 103 are shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to fig. 2, the drilling arrangement of the tunnel hole section 101 is performed in two steps; first, first-level boreholes 104 are arranged at boundaries of geological units 103, for example, five boundaries are shared by three geological units 103 shown in fig. 1, one first-level borehole 104 is arranged at each boundary, and the structure after the first-level borehole 104 is arranged is shown in fig. 2; then, second-level boreholes 105 are disposed within each geological unit 103, and the locations and numbers of second-level boreholes 105 disposed within each geological unit 103 are precisely calculated by equation (1).
The hole depths of the first-layer drilling 104 and the second-layer drilling 105 are set according to the requirements in the "geological survey of railway engineering" and are not particularly limited herein. As a preferred embodiment, the depths of the first level drilled holes 104 and the second level drilled holes 105 are each 5-15m below the tunnel shoulder.
The basic principle of the formula (1) provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: firstly, converting the true dip angle of the rock stratum into the apparent dip angle of the section of the tunnel according to the included angle between the trend of the rock stratum and the axis of the tunnel; and then, according to the visual inclination angle of the tunnel section, the depth of the drilling holes and the included angle between the tunnel axis and the horizontal plane, the drilling distance is obtained through a trigonometric function relation.
Referring to fig. 3, MN is a stratum trend, BD is a tunnel trend, and an included angle between the stratum trend MN and the tunnel trend BD is δ; in the figure, MN, AD and CD are mutually perpendicular, the included angle between AB and BD is the tunnel section view inclination angle beta, and the included angle between AC and CD is the rock stratum true inclination angle alpha. Wherein tan β=ad/BD, tan α=ad/CD, sin δ=cd/BD; from this, equation (2) can be obtained:
tanβ＝tanα×sinδ (2)
referring to fig. 4, eg is the preamble hole depth, KH is the next hole depth; wherein G, H represents the bottoms of two boreholes respectively, and because GH is parallel to the tunnel axis, θ is the included angle between the tunnel axis and the horizontal plane; FH is perpendicular with EG, and FH and EH's contained angle is tunnel section apparent inclination beta, and FH is drilling interval. Wherein tan β=ef/FH, tan θ=fg/FH, eg=ef+fg; from this, equation (3) can be obtained:
FH＝EG/(tanβ+tanθ) (3)
and because FH represents the drilling interval L and EG represents the preamble drilling hole depth H, the formula (1) can be obtained by combining the formula (2) and the formula (3):
L＝H/(tanα×sinδ+tanθ) (1)
wherein L is the drilling interval, and the unit is m; h is the depth of a hole drilled in the preamble, and the unit is m; alpha is the true dip angle of the rock stratum, and the unit is the degree; delta is the included angle between the stratum trend and the tunnel axis, and the unit is the degree; θ is the angle between the tunnel axis and the horizontal plane, in degrees.
According to the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the tunnel hole section 101 is divided into a plurality of geological units 103, and holes are drilled in the geological units 103, so that the stratum lithology and structure in each geological unit 103 can be effectively explored; the drilling interval is quantitatively controlled through the formula (1), so that the number of drilling holes is reduced while the continuous geological exploration is ensured, the exploration cost is further reduced, the exploration period is saved, and the economical efficiency and the rationality of engineering are realized.
According to the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the arrangement sequence of the second-level drilling holes 105 in the geological unit 103 is consistent with the stratum tendency. For example, when the formation is inclined to a large distance and the acute angle of the rock face to the horizontal is directed to the large distance, the borehole within the geocell 103 is arranged from the small distance to the large distance; when the formation tends to be small and the acute angle of the rock face to the horizontal is directed to the small, the borehole within the geocell 103 is deployed from large to small. This arrangement allows for the placement of boreholes in the geological unit 103 in a formation-prone orientation so that the location of formation formations to tunnel bodies can be inferred from surface openings to determine more reasonable borehole spacing.
According to the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the rock stratum inclination angle is steep, the rock stratum thickness revealed by the vertical drilling is limited, if the drilling interval calculated by the formula (1) is smaller, the geological information revealed by the adjacent drilling is not changed greatly, so that the investigation cost is increased; therefore, in order to reduce the survey cost and avoid unnecessary wastage, a minimum borehole pitch of 200m is specified. For example, when the true inclination angle α of the rock formation is equal to or larger than 60 °, and the borehole pitch L calculated according to the formula (1) is equal to or smaller than 200m, the borehole pitch L is corrected to 200m.
According to the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the rock stratum inclination angle is low, the rock stratum thickness revealed by vertical drilling is huge, and if the drilling interval calculated by the formula (1) is large, important geological information is likely to be omitted between adjacent drilling due to the change of the deposition environment; therefore, in order to avoid missing important geological information between adjacent boreholes due to changes in the deposition environment, a maximum borehole spacing of 1000m is specified. For example, when the true inclination angle α of the rock formation is equal to or less than 30 °, and the borehole pitch L calculated according to the formula (1) is equal to or more than 1000m, the borehole pitch L is corrected to 1000m.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a mountain railway tunnel deep hole drilling method, which adopts the mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method to design a drilling arrangement diagram, and holes are drilled on the tunnel body section 101 according to the drilling arrangement diagram. Thus, the number of drilling holes is reduced while continuous geological exploration is guaranteed, the exploration cost is further reduced, the exploration period is saved, and the economical efficiency and the rationality of engineering are realized.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 5, the start-stop mileage of a certain high-speed railway tunnel is DK 523+650-DK 525+795, the length is 2145m, and the maximum burial depth is 540m; the tunnel is designed to be single-sided ascending, and the gradient is 20 per mill, namely the included angle theta between the axis of the tunnel and the horizontal plane is about 1.15 degrees; tunnel shaft develops small village anticline 107 at dk524+450m and large gate fault 108 at dk525+090 m.
The tunnel hole section 101 is divided into A, B, C geological units 103 from left to right by taking the small village back inclined core and the large gateway fault as boundaries.
S1, arranging first-layer drilling holes 104 at the back inclined core part, the large gateway fault, the tunnel inlet and the tunnel outlet of the small village, and enabling the drilling depth to be 10m below the tunnel road shoulder. Specifically, the depths of the holes of the first-stage drill holes 104 at the respective positions are shown in table one.
List one
| Drilling number | Mileage/m of drilling | Drilling depth/m | Drilling position |
| DZ-import-01 | DK523+650 | 50 | Tunnel inlet |
| DZ-boundary-01 | DK524+450 | 450 | Oblique back of village |
| DZ-boundary-02 | DK525+090 | 305 | Large gate fault |
| DZ-Outlet-01 | DK525+795 | 50 | Tunnel exit |
S2, respectively arranging second-level drilling holes 105 in the three geological units 103 of A, B, C, wherein the drilling depth is 10m below the tunnel road shoulder.
A second-level borehole 105 is disposed within geological unit 103:
the geological unit A103 is a monoclinic rock stratum, the true inclination angle alpha of the rock stratum is=47°, and the included angle delta between the trend of the rock stratum and the axis of the tunnel is=70°; the length of the geological unit 103 is 800m, the stratum tends to be small in mileage, drilling holes are arranged from the back inclined core boundary of a small village with large mileage to the entrance of a tunnel, the drilling hole interval is calculated to be 450/(tan 47 degrees×sin70 degrees+tan 1.15 degrees) =438 m according to the formula (1), and drilling holes with the drilling hole number DZ-A-01 are arranged, and the drilling hole depth is 340m; continuing to calculate a drilling distance 340/(tan 47 degrees×sin70 degrees+tan 1.15 degrees) =330 m to a small mileage, and arranging drilling holes with drilling numbers DZ-A-02, wherein the drilling depth is 75m; continuing to calculate the borehole spacing 75/(tan 47 deg. x sin70 deg. + tan1.15 deg.) to a small mileage=73m, the second level borehole 105 placement within the a-geologic unit 103 is complete because the borehole spacing has exceeded the tunnel entrance.
B a second level borehole 105 is disposed within the geological unit 103:
b geological unit 103 is a monoclinic rock stratum, the true inclination angle α=52° of the rock stratum, and the included angle δ=70° between the strike of the rock stratum and the tunnel axis; b, arranging drilling holes from the small village back inclined core boundary of the small mileage to the tunnel outlet, calculating the drilling hole spacing to be 450/(tan 52 degrees x sin70 degrees+tan 1.15 degrees) =368 m according to the formula (1), arranging drilling holes with the drilling hole number DZ-B-01 and the drilling hole depth to be 415m, wherein the length of the geological unit 103 is 640m and the stratum tends to be large mileage; continuing to calculate borehole spacing 415/(tan 52 deg. x sin70 deg. + tan1.15 deg.) =339 m to a large mileage, the second-level borehole 105 placement within B geologic unit 103 is complete because the borehole spacing has exceeded the boundary of B geologic unit 103.
A second level borehole 105 is disposed within the C geological unit 103:
the geological unit 103 is a monoclinic rock stratum, the true inclination angle alpha of the rock stratum is=45°, and the included angle delta between the trend of the rock stratum and the axis of the tunnel is=55°; c geological unit 103 has length of 705m, the stratum tends to have large mileage, and holes are arranged from the large gate fault boundary of small mileage to the tunnel outlet, the hole pitch is calculated to be 305/(tan 45 degrees x sin55 degrees+tan 1.15 degrees) =363 m according to formula (1), and the holes with hole numbers DZ-C-01 are arranged, and the hole depth is 405m; continuing to calculate the borehole spacing 405/(tan 45 deg. x sin55 deg. + tan1.15 deg.) =482 m to a large mileage, the second level borehole 105 placement within the C geologic unit 103 is complete because the borehole spacing has exceeded the boundary of the C geologic unit 103.
The drilling arrangement of the tunnel segment 101 in example 1 is shown in table two.
Watch II
According to the drilling hole arrangement in the second table, the deep hole drilling work of the mountain railway tunnel can be completed by drilling holes in the tunnel body section 101. Thus, the number of drilling holes is reduced while continuous geological exploration is guaranteed, the exploration cost is further reduced, the exploration period is saved, and the economical efficiency and the rationality of engineering are realized.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The mountain railway tunnel drilling arrangement method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: dividing a tunnel body section (101) into a plurality of geological units (103) by taking a geological interface (102) as a boundary;
arranging a first level of boreholes (104) at the boundaries of the geological unit (103), and arranging a second level of boreholes (105) within the geological unit (103); the borehole spacing of the second-level boreholes (105) within the geological unit (103) is calculated according to formula (1):
L＝H/(tanα×sinδ+tanθ) (1)
wherein L is the drilling interval, and the unit is m; h is the depth of a hole drilled in the preamble, and the unit is m; alpha is the true dip angle of the rock stratum, and the unit is the degree; delta is the included angle between the stratum trend and the tunnel axis, and the unit is the degree; θ is the angle between the tunnel axis and the horizontal plane, and the unit is the degree;
the order of placement of the second-level boreholes (105) within the geological unit (103) is consistent with formation inclination;
when the true dip angle alpha of the rock stratum is more than or equal to 60 degrees and the drilling interval L calculated according to the formula (1) is less than or equal to 200m, correcting the drilling interval L to be 200m;
when the true inclination angle alpha of the rock stratum is less than or equal to 30 degrees and the drilling interval L calculated according to the formula (1) is more than or equal to 1000m, the drilling interval L is corrected to 1000m.
2. The mountain railway tunnel boring arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the geological interface (102) comprises a tunnel entrance, a fault interface, a anticline core, and a syncline core.
3. The mountain railway tunnel boring arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the boring depths of the first-stage boring (104) and the second-stage boring (105) each correspond to 5-15m below a tunnel shoulder.
4. Mountain railway tunnel deep hole drilling method, characterized in that a drilling layout is designed by adopting the mountain railway tunnel drilling layout method according to any one of claims 1-3, and holes are drilled in a tunnel section (101) according to the drilling layout.
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