CN114717702B - Composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114717702B
CN114717702B CN202210328672.XA CN202210328672A CN114717702B CN 114717702 B CN114717702 B CN 114717702B CN 202210328672 A CN202210328672 A CN 202210328672A CN 114717702 B CN114717702 B CN 114717702B
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China
Prior art keywords
spinning
yarn
short fiber
guide plate
needle
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114717702A (en
Inventor
刘宇清
岳甜甜
方剑
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Suzhou University
Nantong Textile and Silk Industrial Technology Research Institute
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Suzhou University
Nantong Textile and Silk Industrial Technology Research Institute
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Priority to CN202210328672.XA priority Critical patent/CN114717702B/en
Publication of CN114717702A publication Critical patent/CN114717702A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/084397 priority patent/WO2023185848A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/045—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/06—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/30—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensation products not covered by indexing codes D10B2331/02 - D10B2331/14
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2507/00—Sport; Military
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2509/00—Medical; Hygiene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite yarn and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the short fiber nanofiber spun by an electrostatic spinning mechanism is processed through a specific guide plate with meshes, the short fiber nanofiber just spun is subjected to the actions of longitudinal and transverse directions, the spiral state of the short fiber nanofiber just spun is changed, the short fiber nanofiber is straighter and passes through the meshes under the action of gravity (preferably matching and other external forces), the short fiber nanofiber and the conventional yarn are further arranged side by side or approach to side to obtain a more regular composite mode, and meanwhile, the short fiber nanofiber is continuously and uniformly distributed on the conventional yarn and obtains ideal composite quantity by controlling the relative motion states of a spinning needle head, the guide plate and the conventional yarn, so that the composite yarn prepared by the method not only has the advantages of large specific surface area, good air permeability and the like, but also has the advantages of high strength, harder yarn, extremely suppressed hairiness phenomenon and high surface smoothness, and is suitable for functional preparation of clothes.

Description

Composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrostatic spinning, and particularly relates to a composite yarn and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The diameter of the nanofiber manufactured by the electrostatic spinning technology is generally in the range of 1nm-100nm, and the nanofiber has the performance advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, large length-diameter ratio, high surface energy, high activity and the like, but the breaking strength and the wear resistance of the nanofiber are relatively poor, and the production of a high-strength product is difficult to meet. At present, the common improvement mode is to compound the nanofiber prepared by electrostatic spinning with the fiber or yarn prepared by the traditional spinning method so as to prepare the compound yarn, however, practice shows that the material strength of the nanofiber and the yarn after being compounded is still poor, the surface nanofiber has the phenomenon of falling off, particularly the surface nanofiber is unevenly distributed, the hairiness phenomenon is extremely easy to occur, and the practical application of the nanofiber is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing an improved method for compounding the nanofiber prepared by electrostatic spinning with the fiber or yarn prepared by a conventional spinning method except the electrostatic spinning method.
The invention also provides the composite yarn prepared by the method.
The invention also provides application of the composite yarn prepared by the method in preparation of functional clothes, wherein the functional clothes comprise but are not limited to the clothing fields in the aspects of biomedical treatment, safety protection, military and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of producing a composite yarn comprising a first yarn composed of electrospun spun nanofibers and a second yarn comprising a primary yarn made of fibers spun by other spinning methods than electrospinning or fibers spun by other spinning methods than electrospinning, the method of producing a composite yarn comprising:
in the process of conveying at least one second yarn through a conveying mechanism, enabling the short fiber nanofiber spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism to pass through a guide plate with a plurality of meshes and be respectively compounded with each second yarn to form at least one compound primary yarn, and then twisting to prepare the compound yarn;
in the composite primary yarn, the second yarn and the short fiber nanofiber are arranged side by side or form an acute included angle of more than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees;
the guide plate is positioned between the electrostatic spinning mechanism and the conveying mechanism, the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a spinning needle head, the spinning needle head is controlled to reciprocate relative to the guide plate in the process of spinning the short fiber nanofibers, and the moving speed of the spinning needle head is greater than the conveying speed of the second yarns.
In the present invention, the fibers spun by other spinning methods than electrospinning are preferably spun by conventional methods, and specifically include, for example, but are not limited to: glass fibers, carbon fibers, polylactic acid fibers, and the like.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the movement speed of the spinning needle is made an even multiple of the transfer speed of the second yarn.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the invention, the movement speed of the spinning needle is made 2-10 times the transfer speed of the second yarn. Further, the moving speed of the spinning needle is made 4 to 8 times the transporting speed of the second yarn.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spinning needle is moved at a speed of 1-10m/s, further 2-6m/s.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the guide plate is horizontally arranged, and the direction of spinning the short fiber nanofibers by the spinning needle is inclined relative to the extending direction of the guide plate, and the inclination angle is 20-40 degrees. The arrangement mode can better enable the short fiber nanofiber to obtain an ideal drafting state.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the guide plate is made of metal, and may specifically be copper.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the metal guide plate may be grounded.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the plurality of meshes are distributed in an array, the pore diameter of each mesh is 0.2-0.6mm, and the spacing distance between every two adjacent meshes is 1-6mm.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the distance between the nozzle of the spinning needle and the guide plate is controlled to be 5-8cm, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is controlled to be 5-10cm.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, during the preparation of the composite yarn, a drawing force acting on the staple nanofibers is formed by providing a suction device or a blowing device, and the staple nanofibers are moved vertically downward. Further, in the present invention, it may be preferable that at least one of the suction means or the blowing means is provided at both sides of the guide plate, respectively. In the invention, the guide plate is matched with the suction device or the blowing device, so that the staple fiber nano-fiber can better obtain an ideal drafting state.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the second yarn conveyed through the conveying mechanism is attached with a solid binder during the preparation of the composite yarn, and then melted and bonded during the compounding with the staple fiber nanofibers.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of sets of spinning needle assemblies, each set of the spinning needle assemblies comprising two of the spinning needles, and each of the second yarns corresponds to a set of the spinning needle assemblies;
in the process of spinning the short fiber nano fibers, only one spinning needle in each group of the spinning needle assemblies moves at the same time, and the short fiber nano fibers are spun in the moving process.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, during the spinning of the staple nanofibers, one of the spinning needles of each set of the spinning needle assemblies is moved from a first preset position to a second preset position in a first direction until reaching the second preset position, then the movement is stopped and the spinning of the staple nanofibers is stopped, then the other spinning needle is moved from the second preset position to the first preset position in a second direction until reaching the first preset position, then the two spinning needles are alternately moved and spun the staple nanofibers, the first direction being opposite to the second direction, and one of the first direction and the second direction being a conveying direction of the second yarn.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the preparation method of the composite yarn is carried out by using the following production devices:
the production device comprises a friction spinning machine, an electrostatic spinning mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a blowing device, a guide plate with a plurality of meshes, a heating mechanism, a solid adhesive applying mechanism for attaching a solid adhesive to the second yarns, a twisting mechanism and a winding mechanism;
the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of spinning needle assemblies arranged above the conveying mechanism, each group of spinning needle assemblies comprises two spinning needles, the number of the spinning needle assemblies is the same as that of the conveyed second yarns and corresponds to that of the second yarns one by one, and only one spinning needle in each group of spinning needle assemblies moves at the same time in the process of spinning the short fiber nanofibers and spins the short fiber nanofibers in the moving process;
the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt, the guide plate is arranged between the spinning needle assembly and the conveying belt, and the heating mechanism is arranged at one side of the conveying belt and is used for melting the solid adhesive attached to the second yarns;
the blowing device is arranged between the guide plate and the conveyor belt and is used for forming a drawing force acting on the short fiber nanofibers and enabling the short fiber nanofibers to vertically move downwards;
the twisting mechanism and the winding mechanism are sequentially arranged at one side of the output direction of the conveyor belt;
at least one second yarn is respectively drawn and thinned by the friction spinning machine, then solid adhesive is applied by the solid adhesive applying mechanism and is attached to the surface, then the spun staple nano-fibers spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism pass through the lower part of the guide plate under the drive of the conveyor belt, pass through the mesh and vertically move downwards under the action of the blowing device, then are respectively compounded with each second yarn to form at least one compound primary yarn, and then are twisted by the twisting mechanism to form the compound yarn, and then are wound by the winding mechanism.
According to some specific aspects of the invention, the preparation process may be carried out at an ambient temperature of 15-30 ℃ and an ambient relative humidity of 35-70% rh.
In some embodiments of the invention, the solid state binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyurethane powder, or the like.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heating mechanism has a heating temperature of 80-200 ℃ for melting the solid adhesive.
According to some specific aspects of the invention, the electrostatic spinning mechanism further comprises a high-voltage generator, a sliding rail, sliding blocks, liquid storage injectors and a driving assembly, wherein the liquid storage injectors and the driving assembly are communicated with the spinning needles, each spinning needle is electrically connected with the same or different high-voltage generator, the number of the liquid storage injectors is the same as that of the spinning needles and corresponds to that of the spinning needles one by one, each spinning needle is independently arranged on one sliding block and moves along with the movement of the sliding block, the number of the sliding blocks is the same as that of the spinning needles and corresponds to that of the spinning needles one by one, and the sliding blocks are slidingly arranged on the sliding rail and driven by the driving assembly, and can reciprocate on the sliding rail.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distance of movement of the slider (the distance from the first preset position to the second preset position) is 5-50cm, further 10-30cm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the voltage of the high voltage generator is 10-30kV.
In some embodiments of the invention, the electrostatic spinning mechanism adopts 10-25% of spinning solution by mass percent, and the spinning solution is prepared by dissolving spinning polymer in spinning solvent and uniformly mixing.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spinning polymer includes, but is not limited to, polysulfone amide fibers (PSA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the spin solvent includes, but is not limited to, acetone, ethanol, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-dimethylacetamide, and the like.
The invention provides another technical scheme that: a composite yarn prepared by the preparation method.
The invention provides another technical scheme that: the application of the composite yarn in preparing functional clothes.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
based on the defects of low strength, serious hairiness phenomenon and the like of the existing nanofiber in the application process, the invention innovatively enables the short fiber nanofiber spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism to pass through a guide plate with a specific mesh, so that the guide plate performs the longitudinal and transverse actions on the short fiber nanofiber just spun, changes the spiral state of the short fiber nanofiber just spun, enables the short fiber to be straighter, passes through the mesh under the action of gravity (preferably matching and other external forces) and further can be arranged side by side or approaching to side with the second yarn to obtain a more regular composite mode, and meanwhile, the short fiber is continuously and uniformly distributed on the second yarn and the ideal composite quantity is obtained by controlling the relative motion states of the spinning needle head, the guide plate and the second yarn, so that the composite yarn manufactured by the method not only has the advantages of large specific surface area, good air permeability and the like, but also realizes high strength, and harder yarn, especially has extremely restrained hairiness phenomenon, and has high surface smoothness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a production device used in the method for producing a composite yarn according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a portion of the production of a second yarn in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the components in the composite yarn made in the examples of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a high-voltage generator; 2. a slide block; 3. a reservoir injector; 4. a spinning needle; 5. friction spinning machine; 6. a conveyor belt; 7. a heating mechanism; 8. a yarn guiding hook; 9. a bobbin; 10. a blowing device; 11. a solid adhesive applying mechanism; 12. copper plate; 13. a mesh; 14. a first yarn; 15. a second yarn; 16. a solid binder; 17. a twisting mechanism.
Detailed Description
The above-described aspects are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments; it should be understood that these embodiments are provided to illustrate the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention, and that the present invention is not limited by the scope of the following embodiments; the implementation conditions employed in the examples may be further adjusted according to specific requirements, and the implementation conditions not specified are generally those in routine experiments.
In the following, unless otherwise specified, all starting materials are essentially commercially available or prepared by methods conventional in the art.
Example 1
The present example provides a composite yarn comprising a first yarn and a second yarn, the first yarn comprising nanofibers spun by electrospinning and the second yarn comprising fibers spun by other spinning methods than electrospinning.
In this example, the fiber spun by the spinning method other than electrospinning was glass fiber (fineness 0.25mm, trade name ps-14 from Hangzhou Hui Ming composite Co., ltd.) spun by a conventional method. The electrostatic spinning adopts a spinning solution with the mass percentage of 12%, the spinning solution is prepared by dissolving spinning polymer (polysulfone amide fiber (PSA)) in a spinning solvent (N, N-dimethylacetamide) and uniformly mixing, the spinning voltage is 20kV, the spinning speed is 2mL/h, the ambient temperature is 28 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 65% RH.
The preparation method of the composite yarn comprises the following steps: in the process of conveying at least one second yarn through the conveying mechanism, enabling the short fiber nanofiber spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism to pass through a guide plate with a plurality of meshes and be respectively compounded with each second yarn to form at least one compound primary yarn, and then twisting to prepare a compound yarn;
wherein, make the deflector be located between electrostatic spinning mechanism and the transport mechanism, electrostatic spinning mechanism includes the spinning syringe needle, controls the spinning syringe needle and takes place reciprocating motion at spun staple nanofiber's in-process relative deflector, and makes the velocity of movement of spinning syringe needle be greater than the transport velocity of second yarn. Specifically, in this example, the deflector is the level setting, and the spinning syringe needle is the slope setting and spins the direction of short fiber nanofiber and intersects with vertical direction, and the contained angle is 30, and the velocity of movement of spinning syringe needle is 2m/s, and the transport velocity of second yarn is 0.5m/s, and the distance that the relative deflector of control spinning syringe needle singly removes simultaneously is 10cm, and the material of deflector is copper, also can be abbreviated as the deflector (this copper ground connection), and aforesaid a plurality of meshes are the array and distribute on the copper, and the aperture of mesh is 0.5mm, and the interval distance between two adjacent meshes is 5mm, and the distance between nozzle and the deflector of control spinning syringe needle is 6cm, and the distance between deflector and the transport mechanism is 8cm.
In the preparation process of the composite yarn, in this example, a blowing device is arranged to form a drawing force acting on the staple fiber nanofibers, so that the staple fiber nanofibers vertically move downwards. Further, in this example, a blowing device may be disposed on two sides of the guide plate, where the wind speed is 8m/s, and the guide plate is matched with the blowing device to better enable the staple fiber nanofibers to obtain an ideal drafting state, so that the second yarns and the staple fiber nanofibers are arranged side by side or tend to be arranged side by side.
In the embodiment, in the preparation process of the composite yarn, the solid adhesive is attached to the second yarn conveyed by the conveying mechanism, and then the solid adhesive is melted and bonded in the process of compositing with the short fiber nanofiber, so that a better bonding effect is obtained, and the phenomenon that the nanofiber positioned on the outer layer falls off is prevented.
In this example, the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of spinning needle assemblies, each group of spinning needle assemblies comprises two spinning needles, and each second yarn corresponds to one group of spinning needle assemblies; in the process of spinning the short fiber nano fibers, only one spinning needle in each group of spinning needle assemblies moves at the same time, and the short fiber nano fibers are spun in the moving process. In the actual operation process, in each group of spinning needle assemblies, one spinning needle moves from a first preset position to a second preset position along a first direction until reaching the second preset position, then stops moving and stopping spinning the short fiber nanofibers, then the other spinning needle moves from the second preset position to the first preset position along the second direction until reaching the first preset position, then the two spinning needles alternately move and spin the short fiber nanofibers, the first direction is opposite to the second direction, the first direction is the conveying direction of the second yarn, the second direction is the direction opposite to the conveying direction of the second yarn, and the distance between the first preset position and the second preset position is the distance of the spinning needle moving relative to the guide plate once, specifically 10cm.
Specifically, in this example, when 6 glass fibers arranged side by side are simultaneously used, the spinning needle assembly has 6 groups corresponding to each other, and 6 composite yarns are formed, and the twist of the 6 composite yarns when twisted is 250 twist m -1 。
The following further describes the present embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not meant to limit the present embodiment, but to facilitate more visual understanding and appreciation of the manufacturing methods of the present embodiment, and the structures shown in the accompanying drawings are provided by way of illustration only.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the preparation method of the composite yarn of this example was carried out using the following production apparatus. The production device comprises a friction spinning machine 5, a solid adhesive applying mechanism 11 for enabling a solid adhesive to be attached to second yarns, a conveying mechanism, a twisting mechanism 17, a yarn guiding hook 8 and a winding mechanism which are sequentially arranged, a heating mechanism 7, an electrostatic spinning mechanism, a blowing device 10 and a guide plate with a plurality of meshes 13 which are arranged on one side of the conveying mechanism; wherein the conveying mechanism comprises a conveyor belt 6; the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises 6 groups of spinning needle assemblies arranged above the conveyor belt 6, each group of spinning needle assemblies comprises two spinning needles 4, and only one spinning needle 4 in each group of spinning needle assemblies moves at the same time in the process of spinning the short fiber nanofibers and spins the short fiber nanofibers in the moving process;
the guide plate is made of copper, which can be simply called copper plate 12, the copper plate 12 is arranged between the spinning needle assembly and the conveyor belt 6, and the heating mechanism 7 is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt 6 and is used for melting the solid adhesive attached to the second yarns;
the blowing device 10 is arranged between the copper plate 12 and the conveyor belt 6 and is used for forming a drawing force acting on the staple fiber nanofibers and vertically moving the staple fiber nanofibers downwards;
the twisting mechanism 17 and the winding mechanism are sequentially arranged on one side of the output direction of the conveyor belt 6.
In this example, the solid binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the heating mechanism 7 melts the solid binder and then firmly bonds the staple nanofibers to the glass fibers with good adhesion after melting.
Further, in this example, the electrostatic spinning mechanism further includes a high voltage generator 1, a slide rail, a slide block 2, a liquid storage injector 3 communicating with the spinning needles 4, and a driving component (not shown), each spinning needle 4 is electrically connected with a different high voltage generator 1, the number of the liquid storage injectors 3 is the same as and one-to-one corresponding to the number of the spinning needles 4, each spinning needle 4 is independently disposed on one slide block 2 and moves along with the movement of the slide block 2, the number of the slide blocks 2 is the same as and one-to-one corresponding to the number of the spinning needles 4, the slide blocks 2 are slidingly disposed on the slide rail and are driven by the driving component, and the slide blocks 2 can reciprocate on the slide rail, that is, in this example, the moving speed of the slide blocks 2 is the moving speed of the spinning needles 4, specifically, the moving distance of the slide blocks 2 (the distance from the first preset position to the second preset position) is 10cm. The slide rail can include a plurality of branch tracks that set up side by side, sets up a set of spinning syringe needle subassembly on every branch track, drives spinning syringe needle 4 through slider 2 and removes, specifically drives stock solution syringe 3 and spinning syringe needle 4 and removes together, and the voltage of high voltage generator 1 is spinning voltage, specifically 20kV.
The 6 second yarns in this example are respectively drawn and thinned by the friction spinning machine 5, then are applied with solid adhesive by the solid adhesive applying mechanism 11 and attached to the surface, then pass under the copper plate 12 under the drive of the conveyor belt 6, so that the staple fiber spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism passes through the mesh 13 and vertically moves downwards under the action of the blowing device 10, then are respectively compounded with each second yarn to form 6 composite initial yarns, are twisted by the twisting mechanism 17 to form composite yarns, and are wound by the bobbin 9 of the winding mechanism.
In this example, the distribution of the components in the composite yarn is schematically shown in fig. 3, wherein the upper layer is a first yarn 14, the middle layer is a solid binder 16, and the lower layer is a second yarn 15.
Example 2
This example provides a composite yarn and method of making the same, which differs substantially from example 1 only in that:
(1) The electrostatic spinning adopts a spinning solution with the mass percentage of 20%, the spinning solution is prepared by uniformly mixing spinning polymer (polyvinyl butyral (PVB)) dissolved in spinning solvent (ethanol), the spinning voltage is 30kV, the spinning speed is 3mL/h, the environmental temperature is 26 ℃, and the environmental humidity is 70% RH;
(2) The moving speed of the spinning needle is 3m/s, the conveying speed of the second yarn is 0.5m/s, the single-time moving distance of the spinning needle relative to the guide plate is controlled to be 15cm, the distance between the nozzle of the spinning needle and the guide plate is controlled to be 5cm, the wind speed of the blowing device is 9m/s, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is controlled to be 7cm;
(3) The fiber spun by other spinning methods except electrostatic spinning is carbon fiber spun by a conventional traditional method (fineness is 0.07mm, brand TWL-2181801 from Guangdong Teflon new material application Co., ltd.) and the solid binder is polyurethane powder;
(4) The twist of the 6 composite yarns when twisted was 360 twist m -1 。
Example 3
This example provides a composite yarn and method of making the same, which differs substantially from example 1 only in that:
(1) The electrostatic spinning adopts a spinning solution with the mass percentage of 10%, the spinning solution is prepared by uniformly mixing spinning polymer (polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) dissolved in spinning solvent (N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)), the spinning voltage is 15kV, the spinning speed is 1.2mL/h, the ambient temperature is 30 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 45% RH;
(2) The moving speed of the spinning needle is 4m/s, the conveying speed of the second yarn is 1m/s, the single moving distance of the spinning needle relative to the guide plate is controlled to be 20cm, the distance between the nozzle of the spinning needle and the guide plate is controlled to be 4cm, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is controlled to be 8cm;
(3) The fibers spun by other spinning methods except electrostatic spinning are polylactic acid fibers spun by a conventional method (fineness is 0.15mm, purchased from Quanz Simaroubm strength supplier, brand SMD-202188);
(4) The twist of the 6 composite yarns when twisted was 160 twist m -1 。
Comparative example
This example provides a composite yarn and method of making the same, which differs substantially from example 3 only in that: no guide plate is added.
Performance testing
1. The following performance tests were performed on the composite yarns made in examples 1-3, with specific results being shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003572369660000081
Figure BDA0003572369660000091
2. The composite yarns prepared in example 3 and comparative example, respectively, were subjected to the following performance tests, and specific results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003572369660000092
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and to implement the same, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. A method of producing a composite yarn comprising a first yarn composed of nanofibers spun by electrospinning and a second yarn composed of primary yarns made of fibers spun by spinning methods other than electrospinning or fibers spun by spinning methods other than electrospinning, characterized in that the method of producing a composite yarn comprises:
in the process of conveying at least one second yarn through a conveying mechanism, enabling the short fiber nanofiber spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism to pass through a guide plate with a plurality of meshes and be respectively compounded with each second yarn to form at least one compound primary yarn, and then twisting to prepare the compound yarn;
in the composite primary yarn, the second yarn and the short fiber nanofiber are arranged side by side or form an acute included angle of more than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees;
the guide plate is positioned between the electrostatic spinning mechanism and the conveying mechanism, the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a spinning needle head, the spinning needle head is controlled to reciprocate relative to the guide plate in the process of spinning the short fiber nanofibers, the moving speed of the spinning needle head is enabled to be larger than the conveying speed of the second yarns, and the moving speed of the spinning needle head is enabled to be even times of the conveying speed of the second yarns;
in the preparation process of the composite yarn, a drawing force acting on the staple fiber nanofibers is formed by arranging a suction device or a blowing device, and the staple fiber nanofibers are vertically moved downward.
2. The method for preparing composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein the electrostatic spinning mechanism adopts 10-25% of spinning solution by mass percent, and the spinning solution is prepared by dissolving spinning polymer in spinning solvent and uniformly mixing;
the spinning polymer is polysulfone amide fiber, polyvinyl butyral or polyacrylonitrile;
the spinning solvent is acetone, ethanol, N-dimethylformamide or N, N-dimethylacetamide.
3. The method of producing a composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein the moving speed of the spinning needle is 2 to 10 times the transporting speed of the second yarn.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the guide plate is horizontally disposed, and the direction in which the spinning needle spins the staple nanofibers is inclined with respect to the extending direction of the guide plate, and the inclination angle is 20 ° -40 °.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the guide plate is made of copper.
6. The method of producing a composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of meshes are arranged in an array, the pore diameter of said meshes is 0.2 to 0.6mm, and the distance between every two adjacent meshes is 1 to 6mm.
7. The method of producing a composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the nozzle of the spinning needle and the guide plate is controlled to be 5-8cm, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is controlled to be 5-10cm.
8. The method for producing a composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein,
in the preparation process of the composite yarn, the second yarn conveyed by the conveying mechanism is attached with a solid adhesive, and then is melted and bonded in the composite process with the short fiber nanofiber.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of sets of said spin needle assemblies, each set of said spin needle assemblies comprising two of said spin needles, and wherein each of said second yarns corresponds to a set of said spin needle assemblies;
in the process of spinning the short fiber nano fibers, only one spinning needle in each group of the spinning needle assemblies moves at the same time, and the short fiber nano fibers are spun in the moving process.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein during spinning of staple fibers, one of the spinning needles of each set of spinning needle assemblies is moved from a first predetermined position to a second predetermined position in a first direction until reaching the second predetermined position, then the movement is stopped and spinning of staple fibers is stopped, then the other spinning needle is moved from the second predetermined position to the first predetermined position in a second direction until reaching the first predetermined position, then the two spinning needles are alternately moved and spun staple fibers, the first direction being opposite to the second direction, and one of the first direction and the second direction is a conveying direction of the second yarn.
11. The method for producing a composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein the method for producing a composite yarn is carried out by using the following production apparatus:
the production device comprises a friction spinning machine, an electrostatic spinning mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a blowing device, a guide plate with a plurality of meshes, a heating mechanism, a solid adhesive applying mechanism for attaching a solid adhesive to the second yarns, a twisting mechanism and a winding mechanism;
the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of spinning needle assemblies arranged above the conveying mechanism, each group of spinning needle assemblies comprises two spinning needles, the number of the spinning needle assemblies is the same as that of the conveyed second yarns and corresponds to that of the second yarns one by one, and only one spinning needle in each group of spinning needle assemblies moves at the same time in the process of spinning the short fiber nanofibers and spins the short fiber nanofibers in the moving process;
the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt, the guide plate is arranged between the spinning needle assembly and the conveying belt, and the heating mechanism is arranged at one side of the conveying belt and is used for melting the solid adhesive attached to the second yarns;
the blowing device is arranged between the guide plate and the conveyor belt and is used for forming a drawing force acting on the short fiber nanofibers and enabling the short fiber nanofibers to vertically move downwards;
the twisting mechanism and the winding mechanism are sequentially arranged at one side of the output direction of the conveyor belt;
at least one second yarn is respectively drawn and thinned by the friction spinning machine, then solid adhesive is applied by the solid adhesive applying mechanism and is attached to the surface, then the spun staple nano-fibers spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism pass through the lower part of the guide plate under the drive of the conveyor belt, pass through the mesh and vertically move downwards under the action of the blowing device, then are respectively compounded with each second yarn to form at least one compound primary yarn, and then are twisted by the twisting mechanism to form the compound yarn, and then are wound by the winding mechanism.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the electrostatic spinning mechanism further comprises a high-voltage generator, a slide rail, a slide block, a liquid storage injector communicated with the spinning needles, and a driving assembly, each spinning needle is electrically connected with the same or different high-voltage generator, the number of the liquid storage injectors is the same as and one-to-one corresponding to the number of the spinning needles, each spinning needle is independently arranged on one slide block and moves along with the movement of the slide block, the number of the slide blocks is the same as and one-to-one corresponding to the number of the spinning needles, the slide blocks are slidably arranged on the slide rail and are driven by the driving assembly, and the slide blocks reciprocate on the slide rail.
13. The method of producing a composite yarn according to claim 12, wherein the moving distance of the slider is 5-50cm; the voltage of the high-voltage generator is 10-30kV.
14. A composite yarn made by the method of any one of claims 1-13.
15. Use of the composite yarn of claim 14 in the manufacture of functional apparel.
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