CN114716778B - Spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114716778B
CN114716778B CN202210300026.2A CN202210300026A CN114716778B CN 114716778 B CN114716778 B CN 114716778B CN 202210300026 A CN202210300026 A CN 202210300026A CN 114716778 B CN114716778 B CN 114716778B
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composite material
heavy metal
parts
free composite
antioxidant
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CN114716778A (en
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李青
林良良
周勇
聂纪超
王惠
吴海梅
盛滋先
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Jiangsu Xinri E Vehicle Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/10Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C08L33/12Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/06Polystyrene
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution, which belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-95 parts of plastic base material, 1-2 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1-2 parts of antioxidant, 0.3-1 part of auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.8 part of fluorescent powder, 0.5-1 part of silane coupling agent and 2-4 parts of heavy metal capture agent. The composite material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high glossiness, high toughness, fluorescence property and hydrophobic property, can prevent heavy metal pollution, and has a wide application prospect in the fields of environmental monitoring and plastic products.

Description

Spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the deep consciousness of environmental protection and the improvement of living standard, the spraying-free material with safety, no pollution, beautiful texture and multiple functions becomes a focus of attention in the fields of household appliances and automobiles. The spraying-free material is a material with special appearance effect prepared by directly adding various colored pigments into a polymer base material and then by a compatible modification technology and a melt blending technology.
Compared with the traditional modified plastic, the spraying-free material has the advantages of no spraying, rich colors, good surface gloss, chemical corrosion resistance, scratch resistance, no toxicity, environmental protection, recycling, low comprehensive cost and the like. At present, various base materials are used for preparing spraying-free materials, such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), wherein the PMMA and the ABS are widely applied to various fields because of the advantages of high glossiness, excellent weather resistance, electric insulation, high surface hardness and the like, and the ABS is a high polymer material with excellent comprehensive performance, high impact strength, good size stability and good solvent resistance. However, they all have significant disadvantages such as low impact strength, poor heat resistance, poor polishability, and low functionality. These drawbacks clearly hinder the potential use of spray-free materials in other fields. Therefore, in order to overcome the drawbacks of the existing materials to obtain a durable and multifunctional spray-free material, a method for obtaining a high-quality spray-free material by simply adjusting and controlling the formula is urgently needed.
Patent CN113185795A discloses a photoaging resistant black spray-free material and a preparation method thereof. The formula comprises the following components: 32-73 parts of PMMA resin, 0-20 parts of SAN resin, 20-30 parts of AES rubber powder, 5-10 parts of impact modifier, 1-5 parts of black master batch and 1-3 parts of silicone master batch. The prepared light aging resistant black spraying-free material has excellent light aging resistance, and can be widely applied to automobile part materials. The preparation process of the material relates to the use of a large amount of anthraquinone/aminoketone pigments, and the long-term use of the material can cause serious harm to the biological environment. On the other hand, the preparation process is complex, the melting condition needs a plurality of temperature control areas, and the production cost is increased. The invention does not need chemical reagents with high toxicity, and the whole process is green and environment-friendly. In addition, the preparation process does not involve a multi-step temperature regulation and control area, and the operation is simple, safe and efficient.
Patent CN106893297B discloses a spraying-free PC/ASA composite material and a preparation method thereof. The PC/ASA composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-95 parts of PC, 5-40 parts of ASA, 1-10 parts of compatilizer, 1-10 parts of brightener, 1-5 parts of scratch-resistant agent and 0.1-1 part of coupling agent. The obtained PC/ASA composite material has good wear resistance, mechanical property and higher glossiness. The material needs light stabilizer, ultraviolet absorbent and free radical scavenger, and the cost of raw materials is high. Meanwhile, the PC material has the defects of high melt viscosity, sensitivity to moisture and the like of resin, brings certain difficulty to injection molding processing, and PC products are easy to discolor, have black, yellow lines and black spots and are not beneficial to long-term use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof. The spraying-free composite material has the advantages of high gloss, scratch resistance, high strength, high toughness, multiple functionality and visual detection of heavy metals; meanwhile, the preparation process is simple in process, green and environment-friendly and low in cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0003565029350000021
further, the plastic substrate is one or a combination of PMMA, ABS, PS and ASA.
Further, the antioxidant is one of antioxidant 164, antioxidant 168, antioxidant 264, antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 1076.
Further, the auxiliary agent is one of polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, fischer-Tropsch wax and paraffin wax.
Further, the luminescent powder emits light of one of white, green, blue, red, purple, yellow-green, sky-blue, orange-yellow, pink and blue-green.
Further, the silane coupling agent is one of perfluoro octyl silane, polymethylsiloxane, polymethylhydrosiloxane and trifluoropropyl siloxane.
Further, the preparation method of the heavy metal capture agent comprises the following steps:
treating nanoscale silicon dioxide and 0.1-0.5 mM chloroauric acid solution for 15-30 min under ultrasonic treatment according to the mass volume ratio of 10-5.
A preparation method of the spraying-free composite material comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 60-95 parts of plastic base material, 1-2 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1-2 parts of antioxidant and 0.3-1 part of auxiliary agent, adding the mixed sample, 0.2-0.8 part of fluorescent powder, 0.5-1 part of silane coupling agent and 2-4 parts of heavy metal capturing agent into a double-screw extruder for melting and granulating to obtain the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution.
Furthermore, a low-speed stirrer is adopted for mixing, the rotating speed is 300-500 r/min, and the mixing time is 5-10 min.
Further, adding the plastic base material, the polytetrafluoroethylene, the antioxidant and the auxiliary agent into a double-screw extruder at a first section; the fluorescent powder, the silane coupling agent and the heavy metal trapping agent are added into the double-screw extruder at the second section.
Furthermore, the screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is 100-300 r/min, the first section extrusion temperature is 200-230 ℃, and the second section extrusion temperature is 210-240 ℃.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the preparation process of the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution, which is disclosed by the invention, is simple and flexible, green and environment-friendly, saves cost, can be obtained only by fully mixing raw materials and then adopting a double-screw extrusion granulator, can be operated without professional staff, is easy to realize industrial production, and has a wide application prospect.
The spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution, which is prepared by the invention, has the advantages of excellent glossiness, scratch resistance, high strength, high toughness, fluorescence, hydrophobicity and prevention of heavy metal pollution.
The plastic base material adopted by the invention integrates the common advantages of two or more base materials, and the prepared spraying-free material has strong reusability, acid resistance, alkali resistance and multiple functions. In the aspect of material selection, expensive auxiliary agents are not involved, the cost is lower, and the method is more beneficial to industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a spray-free composite material prepared in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the fluorescence effect of the spray-free composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the hydrophobic effect of the spray-free composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention (CA left:102.5, CA right;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the fluorescent effect of a spray-free composite material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the hydrophobic effect of a spray-free composite prepared according to example 2 of the present invention (CA left:106.0, CA right;
FIG. 6 shows the fluorescence effect of the spray-free composite material obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the hydrophobic effect of the spray-free composite obtained in example 3 of the present invention (CA left:106.0, CA right;
FIG. 8 shows the fluorescence effect of the spray-free composite material obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the hydrophobic effect of the spray-free composite obtained in example 4 of the present invention (CA left:112.9, CA right;
FIG. 10 shows the effect of the spray-free composite materials of examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention on preventing heavy metal contamination.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the spraying-free composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing 40 parts of PMMA resin, 20 parts of ABS resin, 1 part of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1 part of antioxidant 164 and 0.3 part of polyethylene wax in a low-speed stirrer at the rotating speed of 300r/min for 5min, and adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder at a first section (the rotating speed of a screw is 100r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 200 ℃); and then adding the mixed sample, 0.2 part of white fluorescent powder, 0.5 part of perfluorooctyl silane and 2 parts of heavy metal capture agent into a double-screw extruder at a second section for melting (the rotating speed of the screw is 100r/min, the extrusion temperature is 210 ℃), and granulating to obtain the spray-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution.
The preparation method of the heavy metal capture agent comprises the following steps: treating nanoscale silicon dioxide and a 0.1mM chloroauric acid solution for 15min under ultrasound according to a mass-volume ratio of 5.
The photo of the product of this example is shown in fig. 1, and the material is in a transparent colorless state. FIG. 2 shows that the fluorescence effect of this example is bright white, while FIG. 3 shows the hydrophobic property of this example, tested at a hydrophobic angle of 102 ° It shows that the product of this example has good fluorescent and hydrophobic properties.
Example 2
The preparation method of the spraying-free composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing 52 parts of PMMA resin, 26 parts of ABS resin, 1.5 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.5 parts of antioxidant 164 and 0.7 part of polyethylene wax in a low-speed stirrer at the rotating speed of 400r/min for 8min, and adding into a double-screw extruder at a first section (the rotating speed of a screw is 200r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 220 ℃); and then adding the mixed sample, 0.5 part of orange yellow fluorescent powder, 0.8 part of perfluorooctyl silane and 3 parts of heavy metal capture agent into a double-screw extruder at a second section for melting (the rotating speed of the screw is 200r/min, the extrusion temperature is 230 ℃) and granulating to obtain the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution.
The preparation method of the heavy metal capture agent comprises the following steps: treating nanoscale silicon dioxide and a 0.3mM chloroauric acid solution for 23min under ultrasound according to a mass-volume ratio of 8.
Fig. 4 shows the fluorescence performance of the spray-free composite material of the present embodiment, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the sample shows bright orange yellow in the closed space, indicating that the fluorescence property of the product is good. Similarly, FIG. 5 shows the hydrophobic angle test of the material of this example, the test result is 106 °
Example 3
The preparation method of the spraying-free composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing 62 parts of PMMA resin, 31 parts of ABS resin, 2 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 2 parts of antioxidant 164 and 1 part of polyethylene wax in a low-speed stirrer at the rotating speed of 500r/min for 10min, and adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder at a first section (the rotating speed of a screw is 300r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 230 ℃); and then adding the mixed sample, 0.8 part of blue fluorescent powder, 1 part of perfluorooctyl silane and 4 parts of heavy metal capture agent into a double-screw extruder at a second section for melting (the rotating speed of the screw is 300r/min, the extrusion temperature is 240 ℃) and granulating to obtain the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution.
The preparation method of the heavy metal capture agent comprises the following steps: treating nanoscale silicon dioxide and a 0.5mM chloroauric acid solution for 30min under ultrasound according to a mass-volume ratio of 10:1, fully mixing, adding 3mM mercaptosuccinic acid into the system for self-adsorption to obtain a heavy metal capture agent precursor, treating the heavy metal capture agent precursor for 20min under the condition of 20W by using micro-plasma, and after the reaction is finished, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the heavy metal capture agent.
FIG. 6 is a fluorescence property test of the spray-free composite material of the present embodiment, and it can be seen that the product shows a blue fluorescence color. FIG. 7 is a hydrophobic property test of the material of this example, and it can be seen from FIG. 7 that the hydrophobic angle of the sample is 106 ° And the sample has good hydrophobic property.
Example 4
The preparation method of the spraying-free composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing 62 parts of PS resin, 31 parts of ASA resin, 2 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 2 parts of antioxidant 168 and 1 part of Fischer-Tropsch wax in a low-speed stirrer at the rotating speed of 500r/min for 10min, and adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder at a first stage (the rotating speed of a screw is 300r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 230 ℃); and then adding the mixed sample, 0.8 part of sky blue fluorescent powder, 1 part of polymethylsiloxane and 4 parts of heavy metal capture agent into a double-screw extruder at a second section for melting (the rotating speed of the screw is 300r/min, the extrusion temperature is 240 ℃), and granulating to obtain the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution.
The preparation method of the heavy metal capturing agent is the same as that of example 3.
FIG. 8 shows that the fluorescence color of the material of this example is sky blue, while FIG. 9 shows that the hydrophobic angle of the sample is 112 °
In addition, the spraying-free composite materials for preventing heavy metal pollution prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were tested for their performance of preventing heavy metal pollution by soaking in a solution containing mercury ions, wherein the concentration of the heavy metal ions was fixed at 1mM, the soaking time was 3min, and the test results are shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the color of the sample changed from transparent to gray black when mercury ions were attached to the surface of the sample, indicating that the prepared spraying-free composite materials for preventing heavy metal pollution have the effect of preventing heavy metal pollution. The spraying-free composite material provided by the invention has multiple functions, particularly has the performance of preventing heavy metal pollution, and has a great application prospect in the fields of specific environment detection and plastic products.
Example 5
In order to explore the subsequent application of the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution, the materials prepared in the embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 are stirred and heated at the temperature of 250 ℃ to be in a molten state, the reaction time is 1h, then the materials are extruded and formed in a mould, so that the transparent plastic pipeline is obtained, and tests show that the obtained pipeline has good light transmittance, oxidation resistance and hydrophobicity, the long-term use temperature is less than or equal to 70 ℃, and the softening temperature is 150 ℃. In addition, the pipeline can be used in a tap water channel, and whether the heavy metal ions in the water solution exceed the standard or not can be judged by observing the color change of the pipeline by naked eyes.
The above examples are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process flow of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made by a person having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0003910930070000011
the plastic substrate is one or a combination of PMMA, ABS, PS and ASA;
the preparation method of the heavy metal capture agent comprises the following steps:
treating nanoscale silicon dioxide and 0.1-0.5 mM chloroauric acid solution for 15-30 min under ultrasonic treatment according to the mass volume ratio of 10-5.
2. The spray-free composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is one of antioxidant 164, antioxidant 168, antioxidant 264, antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 1076.
3. The spray-free composite material of claim 1, wherein the additive is one of polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, fischer-Tropsch wax, and paraffin wax.
4. The spray-free composite material of claim 1, wherein the phosphor emission is one of white, green, blue, red, purple, yellow-green, sky-blue, orange-yellow, pink, and blue-green.
5. The spray-free composite material of claim 1, wherein the silane coupling agent is one of perfluorooctyl silane, polymethylsiloxane, polymethylhydrosiloxane, trifluoropropylsiloxane.
6. A method for preparing the spray-free composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 60-95 parts of plastic base material, 1-2 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1-2 parts of antioxidant and 0.3-1 part of auxiliary agent, adding the mixed sample, 0.2-0.8 part of fluorescent powder, 0.5-1 part of silane coupling agent and 2-4 parts of heavy metal capture agent into a double-screw extruder for melting and granulating to obtain the spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the mixing is carried out by a low-speed mixer at a rotation speed of 300 to 500r/min for 5 to 10min.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the plastic substrate, polytetrafluoroethylene, antioxidant and auxiliaries are fed into a twin-screw extruder at a first stage; the fluorescent powder, the silane coupling agent and the heavy metal trapping agent are added into the double-screw extruder at the second section.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the twin-screw extruder has a screw rotation speed of 100 to 300r/min, a first stage extrusion temperature of 200 to 230 ℃ and a second stage extrusion temperature of 210 to 240 ℃.
CN202210300026.2A 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 Spraying-free composite material for preventing heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof Active CN114716778B (en)

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