CN114716189A - 门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁及其制备方法 - Google Patents

门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114716189A
CN114716189A CN202210281117.6A CN202210281117A CN114716189A CN 114716189 A CN114716189 A CN 114716189A CN 202210281117 A CN202210281117 A CN 202210281117A CN 114716189 A CN114716189 A CN 114716189A
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precast concrete
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欧阳念文
乔立华
梁宸
谭家升
王洋
孙德滨
王师
王晓轩
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China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁及其制备方法，通过添加在其中的有机合成纤维在火灾等高温下融化，融化的纤维和混凝土原有的孔隙，形成孔道以容置混凝土内部快速释放的汽化水分，减少高温下混凝土劣化爆炸的可能；另一方面，经过测试，在高温下无破坏性爆炸，在地震和火灾中显现其性能优越。本发明解决了传统的素混凝土或者钢筋混凝土门窗口过梁存在应变较小，受震动容易产生裂缝坍塌的问题。

Description

门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑施工技术领域，具体涉及一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，在建筑门窗口过梁施工中，大部分采用素混凝土或者钢筋混凝土施工。施工过程中如果出现扰动或者发生地震灾害等，发生震动时会因为混凝土应变较小(通常0.01％)出现不可复原的裂缝，并且扩大而产生坍塌。另外一方面，混凝土在火灾等高温情况下会出现劣化甚至发生爆炸，导致门窗洞口坍塌，阻拦人员疏散或者救援。
发明内容
为克服现有技术所存在的缺陷，现提供一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁及其制备方法，以解决传统的素混凝土或者钢筋混凝土门窗口过梁存在应变较小，受震动容易产生裂缝坍塌的问题。
为实现上述目的，提供一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，包括以下步骤：
提供促滑剂和低弹模量的有机合成纤维，所述有机合成纤维的长度为10mm～60mm，所述有机合成纤维的直径为0.5mm～1.5mm，将所述有机合成纤维浸泡于所述促滑剂乳化，使得所述促滑剂包覆于所述有机合成纤维以获得预处理纤维；
配置基础混凝土，所述基础混凝土包括水泥、水、砂、矿物外加剂和减水剂；
将所述水泥与所述砂混合，并添加所述预处理纤维以获得混合干料，所述预处理纤维的添加量为所述基础混凝土的总质量的2％；
于所述混合干料中加入所述水，在加水时将所述矿物外加剂和所述减水剂一并加入所述混合料中并搅拌混合均匀获得混凝土浆液；
将所述混凝土浆液浇制于模具中以制得预制混凝土过梁。
进一步的，所述促滑剂为矿物油。
进一步的，所述基础混凝土包括1000质量份的水泥、560质量份的水、800质量份的砂、12质量份的矿物外加剂和12质量份的减水剂。
进一步的，所述有机合成纤维为芳纶、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、尼龙、丙烯酸中的至少一种有机合成纤维。
进一步的，所述砂为河砂，所述河砂的2600kg/m3，细度模数为2.94。
进一步的，所述减水剂为萘系高性能减水剂。
本发明提供一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁，采用上述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法制备，所述门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁的长度小于2m。
本发明的有益效果在于，本发明门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁的添加在其中的有机合成纤维在燃烧的高温下可以融化，融化的纤维和混凝土原有的孔隙，形成孔道以容置混凝土内部快速释放的汽化水分，减少高温下混凝土劣化爆炸的可能。本发明门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁，经过测试，在高温下无破坏性爆炸，在地震和火灾中显现其性能优越。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明，而非对该发明的限定。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
本发明提供了一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：提供促滑剂和低弹模量的有机合成纤维，所述有机合成纤维的长度为10mm～60mm，所述有机合成纤维的直径为0.5mm～1.5mm，将所述有机合成纤维浸泡于所述促滑剂，使得所述促滑剂包覆于所述有机合成纤维以获得预处理纤维。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，促滑剂为蜡、业态酯、POE烷基醚、长链烷基磷酸盐等。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，有机合成纤维为芳纶、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、尼龙、丙烯酸中的至少一种有机合成纤维。
在本实施例中，将有机合成纤维浸润促滑剂，使得有机合成纤维包裹一层促滑剂，以获得预处理纤维。
在将有机化合纤维浸润促滑剂之前，将促滑剂进行高速剪切乳化后，再将有机化合纤维浸润在乳化后的促滑剂中。
S2：配置基础混凝土，基础混凝土包括水泥、水、砂、矿物外加剂和减水剂。
在本实施例中，水泥为硅酸盐水泥。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，砂为河砂。河砂的2600kg/m3，细度模数为2.94。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，减水剂为萘系高性能减水剂。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，基础混凝土包括1000质量份的水泥、560质量份的水、800质量份的砂、12质量份的矿物外加剂和12质量份的减水剂。
在本实施例中，矿物外加剂为粉煤灰微粉、硅灰等。
S3：将水泥与砂混合，并添加预处理纤维以获得混合干料，预处理纤维的添加量为基础混凝土的总质量的2％。
将预处理纤维、水泥和砂于搅拌机内混合均匀搅拌以形成混合干料。
S4：于混合干料中加入水，在加水时将矿物外加剂和减水剂一并加入混合料中并搅拌混合均匀获得混凝土浆液。
在混合干料搅拌均匀后，边搅拌边缓慢加入水，再充分搅拌。矿物外加剂和减水剂于水一起缓慢加入混合干料中。
S5：将混凝土浆液浇制于模具中以制得预制混凝土过梁。
提供过梁模具，将混凝土浆液浇制于过梁模具中。
对成型的过梁构件进行养护，可采用蒸压养护或常温养护，达到设计强度值后可以使用。通常常温养护14天可正常使用。
本发明提供一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁，采用上述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法制备，门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁的长度小于2m。
本发明的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁，应用于洞口宽度小于1.5m的洞口上方使用。本发明的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁的厚度，与墙的厚度等宽。本发明的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁的两端分别伸入墙体的长度为250mm。
本发明门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁，采用通过添加的特殊处理的有机合成纤维，可以让有机合成纤维在混凝土中出现滑动，并且变形以滑动为主，使得提高混凝土的应变能力(从0.01％提升至2％～6％)。在地震等工况下，本发明门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁不容易发生脆断，无明显裂缝，效果显著。
本发明门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁的添加在其中的有机合成纤维在燃烧的高温下可以融化，融化的纤维和混凝土原有的孔隙，形成孔道以容置混凝土内部快速释放的汽化水分，减少高温下混凝土劣化爆炸的可能。
本发明门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁，经过测试，在有机合成纤维为2％掺量即可以保证混凝土高温下无破坏爆炸，进而使得本发明门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁在地震和火灾中显现其性能优越，提高建筑功能。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的发明范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (7)

1.一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
提供促滑剂和低弹模量的有机合成纤维，所述有机合成纤维的长度为10mm～60mm，所述有机合成纤维的直径为0.5mm～1.5mm，将所述有机合成纤维浸泡于所述促滑剂乳化，使得所述促滑剂包覆于所述有机合成纤维以获得预处理纤维；
配置基础混凝土，所述基础混凝土包括水泥、水、砂、矿物外加剂和减水剂；
将所述水泥与所述砂混合，并添加所述预处理纤维以获得混合干料，所述预处理纤维的添加量为所述基础混凝土的总质量的2％；
于所述混合干料中加入所述水，在加水时将所述矿物外加剂和所述减水剂一并加入所述混合料中并搅拌混合均匀获得混凝土浆液；
将所述混凝土浆液浇制于模具中以制得预制混凝土过梁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，其特征在于，所述促滑剂为矿物油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，其特征在于，所述基础混凝土包括1000质量份的水泥、560质量份的水、800质量份的砂、12质量份的矿物外加剂和12质量份的减水剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，其特征在于，所述有机合成纤维为芳纶、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、尼龙、丙烯酸中的至少一种有机合成纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，其特征在于，所述砂为河砂，所述河砂的2600kg/m3，细度模数为2.94。
6.根据权利要求1所述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法，其特征在于，所述减水剂为萘系高性能减水剂。
7.一种门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1～6中任意一项所述的门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁制备方法制备，所述门窗口高应变能力预制混凝土过梁的长度小于2m。
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