CN114710615B - Efficient single-pixel imaging method and system - Google Patents

Efficient single-pixel imaging method and system Download PDF

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CN114710615B
CN114710615B CN202210638656.0A CN202210638656A CN114710615B CN 114710615 B CN114710615 B CN 114710615B CN 202210638656 A CN202210638656 A CN 202210638656A CN 114710615 B CN114710615 B CN 114710615B
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CN114710615A (en
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韩凯
来文昌
王彦
孟琪
雷国忠
崔文达
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National University of Defense Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency single-pixel imaging method and a system, comprising the following steps: generating a series of modulation patterns which satisfy Zernike polynomial distribution and have different orders, and loading the modulation patterns on a spatial light modulator; the spatial light modulator modulates the intensity of the laser emitted by the light source by utilizing the series of modulation patterns with different orders and meeting the Zernike polynomial distribution, projects the modulated laser onto a target object and collects a return light intensity signal reflected from the target object; and reconstructing the target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the series of modulation patterns with different orders and satisfying the Zernike polynomial distribution. Based on the high-efficiency single-pixel imaging method provided by the invention, the imaging efficiency and the imaging quality can be improved under the condition of low sampling ratio.

Description

Efficient single-pixel imaging method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical detection imaging, in particular to a high-efficiency single-pixel imaging method and system adopting a Zernike moment light field.
Background
The single-pixel imaging refers to a technology for imaging a target object by using a single photosensitive device, is different from the traditional array detector imaging technology which only responds to a visible light waveband, can realize imaging of ultraviolet, infrared and even terahertz waveband by using a single-pixel detector, and can record object return light in a barrel detection mode, so that the single-pixel imaging has extremely high sensitivity and can be applied to the field of weak light detection imaging such as remote target detection. Currently, a single-pixel detection technology generally applies spatial light modulation to perform single-pixel imaging, that is, intensity modulation is performed on an illumination light field in space to generate structural light fields with different intensity distributions, then a single-pixel detector is adopted to detect return light intensity generated when the different structural light fields irradiate a target object, and a body image is reconstructed by combining the intensity distribution of the structural light fields and the return light intensity recorded by the single-pixel detector. The earliest single-pixel imaging technology generally adopts a random light field as a modulation light field, and because the two-dimensional spatial intensity distribution of an illumination light field is random and information acquired between different light fields has redundancy, the required measurement times are far away from the number of pixels of a redundant reconstruction pattern, the data acquisition time is long, and the imaging efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency single-pixel imaging method and a system. The invention provides a single-pixel imaging technology based on a Zernike orthogonal moment light field, utilizes the sparsity of an image in a Zernike orthogonal moment transform domain, adopts a small amount of the Zernike orthogonal light field to illuminate a target object, reconstructs a high-quality object image, can effectively improve the imaging efficiency of the single-pixel imaging technology, and has higher imaging quality.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a high-efficiency single-pixel imaging method, including:
generating a series of modulation patterns which satisfy Zernike polynomial distribution and have different orders, and loading the modulation patterns on a spatial light modulator;
the spatial light modulator modulates the intensity of laser emitted by the light source by using the modulation pattern, projects the modulated laser onto a target object and collects a return light intensity signal reflected from the target object;
and reconstructing the target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern.
In a preferred embodiment, the modulation pattern is generated using the steps of:
generating a series of first patterns of different orders that satisfy a zernike polynomial distribution;
splitting the first pattern into two modulation patterns, and sequentially loading the two modulation patterns on the spatial light modulator, wherein one modulation pattern is split from the first pattern, positive elements in the first pattern are reserved, and the rest elements are zero; the other modulation pattern split by the first pattern makes the positions of the non-negative elements in the first pattern zero, and the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements.
In a preferred embodiment, the first pattern expression is as follows:
Figure 698916DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
whereinr、θRespectively radial coordinates and angular coordinates under a polar coordinate system,m、nrespectively the azimuthal and radial order of the zernike polynomials,
Figure 554876DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
、
Figure 331202DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
radial and azimuthal components of the zernike polynomials, respectively;
the first pattern
Figure 284115DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Reduced to having one order variableiIn the form of (1), as follows:
Figure 757470DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
whereiniAndm、nsatisfies the Noll polynomial;
will be provided with
Figure 100726DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Splitting into two modulation patterns
Figure 539798DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
And
Figure 957004DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
modulating the pattern
Figure 721697DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
And
Figure 473622DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
loaded in turn on a spatial light modulator, in which the pattern is modulated
Figure 919647DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Retention
Figure 581572DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The positive number elements in the (1) and the rest elements are zero; modulation pattern
Figure 392533DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Will be provided with
Figure 241540DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
The positions of the non-negative elements in the (A) are all zero, the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements,
Figure 412628DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
。
in a preferred embodiment, based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern, an image of the target object is reconstructed by:
satisfy the requirement of
Figure 132322DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The distributed laser light projects on the target object to generate the return light with the intensity of
Figure 973239DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Satisfy the following requirements
Figure 450488DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The intensity of the return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object is
Figure 35053DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Based on the intensity of return light
Figure 530625DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
And
Figure 745706DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
the second in the Zernike polynomial is calculated byiCoefficient of order Zernike basisa i ；
Figure 834885DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
。
Further, a reconstructed target object image is obtained using the following equation
Figure 98507DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
：
Figure 589531DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
WhereinNThe number of times sampled to reconstruct the image.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a high efficiency single pixel imaging system, comprising:
the modulation pattern generation module is used for generating a series of modulation patterns which have different orders and meet the Zernike polynomial distribution and loading the modulation patterns on the spatial light modulator;
the light source is used for generating laser and projecting the generated laser to the spatial light modulator;
the spatial light modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the laser emitted by the light source by using the modulation pattern and projecting the modulated laser onto a target object;
the single-pixel photoelectric detector is used for collecting a return light intensity signal reflected from a target object;
and the imaging module is used for reconstructing a target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern.
As a preferred embodiment, the modulation pattern generation module and the imaging module are both implemented by a computer.
As a preferred embodiment, the spatial light modulator may be a digital micromirror array (DMD) or a spatial light phase modulator.
As a preferred embodiment, the light source comprises a laser and a collimated beam expanding system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method, a two-dimensional Zernike polynomial is used as a modulation pattern, a Zernike base light field is generated by modulation to illuminate a target object, the target object pattern can be directly reconstructed according to the return light intensity of the object and the generated Zernike modulation pattern, the frequency spectrum information of the target does not need to be measured and calculated, the implementation method is simple, the time consumption of a reconstruction algorithm is short, and rapid imaging can be realized;
(2) because most of information of the target image is concentrated in the low-order Zernike basis with limited orders, under the condition of less sampling number, the Zernike basis light field adopted by the invention can effectively reconstruct a high-quality object image and has higher imaging efficiency;
(3) the invention uses two projection patterns in a differential mode
Figure 975513DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
And
Figure 413972DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
to replace
Figure 605919DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The method is more operable in experiments, and the difference method can effectively eliminate background light noise and effectively improve the imaging signal-to-noise ratio;
(4) because the Zernike polynomial is defined on a polar coordinate system of a circular domain, and the angular components of the Zernike polynomial meet sine or cosine distribution, the single-pixel imaging technology adopting the Zernike base light field has better reconstructed image quality for a target object with circular symmetry.
In conclusion, the single-pixel imaging technology provided by the invention can improve the imaging efficiency and the imaging quality under the condition of low sampling ratio.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first 9-step Zernike based intensity profile generated by calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the first-step Zernike based intensity profile generated by calculation; (b) calculating a generated second-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram; (c) calculating the generated three-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram; (d) generating a fourth-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (e) generating a five-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (f) generating a six-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (g) generating a seven-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (h) generating an eighth-order Zernike-based light field intensity gray level distribution map for the calculation; (i) generating a nine-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation;
FIG. 4 is an original image of a target object in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an image of an object reconstructed using a 500-order Zernike-based light field in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an image of an object reconstructed using a 1000 th order Zernike basis light field in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a clear understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the drawings and detailed description, wherein there are shown in the drawings and described below specific embodiments of the invention, in which modifications and variations can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are provided to explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, there is provided a high efficiency single pixel imaging method, including:
(S1) generating a series of modulation patterns of different orders satisfying a zernike polynomial distribution and loading onto the spatial light modulator;
(S2) the spatial light modulator modulates the intensity of the laser emitted by the light source by using the modulation pattern, projects the modulated laser onto a target object, and collects a return light intensity signal reflected from the target object;
(S3) reconstructing a target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern.
In one embodiment, the step (S1) includes:
(S1.1) generating a series of first patterns of different orders satisfying a zernike polynomial distribution;
(S1.2) splitting the first pattern into two modulation patterns, and sequentially loading the two modulation patterns on the spatial light modulator, wherein one modulation pattern is split from the first pattern, positive elements in the first pattern are reserved, and the rest elements are zero; the other modulation pattern split by the first pattern makes the positions of the non-negative elements in the first pattern zero, and the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements.
In one embodiment, in step (S1.1), the first pattern expression is as follows:
Figure 826816DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
whereinr、θRespectively radial coordinates and angular coordinates under a polar coordinate system,m、nrespectively the azimuthal and radial order of the zernike polynomials,
Figure 180437DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
、
Figure 181891DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
radial and azimuthal components of the zernike polynomials, respectively;
Figure 36583DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 502200DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
。
further, in order to make the calculation more convenient, in step (S1.1), the first pattern is applied
Figure 902088DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Reduced to having one order variableiIn the form of (1), as follows:
Figure 390838DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
whereiniAndm、nsatisfies the Noll polynomial;
due to Zernike polynomials
Figure 924588DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
There are both positive and negative values in the matrix of values of (a), and the negative part cannot be loaded on the spatial light modulator. In the step (S1.2), a differential mode is adopted to divide two modulation patterns to realize the Zernike polynomial
Figure 369345DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Is generated. Will be provided with
Figure 64768DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Splitting into two modulation patterns
Figure 712918DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
And
Figure 784780DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
modulating the pattern
Figure 818464DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
And
Figure 153630DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
loaded in turn on a spatial light modulator, in which the pattern is modulated
Figure 148131DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Retention
Figure 164628DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
The positive number elements in the (1) and the rest elements are zero; modulation pattern
Figure 928185DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
Will be provided with
Figure 434253DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
The positions of the non-negative elements in the (A) are all zero, the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements,
Figure 37754DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
。
the invention will satisfy the modulation pattern of the two-dimensional Zernike polynomial distribution
Figure 451417DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Splitting into two modulation patterns
Figure 210426DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
And
Figure 949712DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
then the laser beams are loaded on a spatial light modulator in sequence, the spatial light modulator modulates the intensity of the laser beams emitted by the light source by using the modulation pattern, and the modulated laser beams are generated to meet the requirements
Figure 43439DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
Distributed laser light and satisfy
Figure 464056DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
The distributed laser light is projected on a target object in sequence, and the intensity of return light reflected from the target object is collected
Figure 467784DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
And
Figure 987758DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
. Satisfy the requirement of
Figure 647409DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
The intensity of the return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object is
Figure 668455DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Satisfy the following requirements
Figure 651323DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
The intensity of the return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object is
Figure 404516DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
The following formulas are satisfied:
Figure 348201DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Figure 48304DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
wherein
Figure 761045DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
Is the reflectivity function of the target object under a polar coordinate system.
In an embodiment (S3), reconstructing an image of the target object based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern by:
satisfy the requirement of
Figure 950718DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
The intensity of the return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object is
Figure 240754DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
Satisfy the following requirements
Figure 603602DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
The intensity of the return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object is
Figure 639691DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
Based on the intensity of return light
Figure 672369DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
And
Figure 325067DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
calculated to obtain the second in the Zernike polynomialiCoefficient of order Zernike basisa i ；
Figure 353591DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
Obtaining a reconstructed target object image using the following equation
Figure 306503DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
：
Figure 510083DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
WhereinNIs the order of the zernike polynomial employed, i.e., the number of times the reconstructed image is sampled.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
by
Figure 853339DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
As shown in the expression, Zernike polynomials of different orders are orthogonal in a polar coordinate system, and radial components of the polynomials are orthogonal
Figure 292411DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
And angular component
Figure 224464DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
The following orthogonal relationship is satisfied:
Figure 926840DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Figure 554131DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
thus, a two-dimensional Zernike polynomial
Figure 937839DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
The following orthogonal relationship is satisfied:
Figure 334185DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
according to the theory of Zernike polynomials, the reflectivity function of the target object under a polar coordinate system
Figure 207463DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
Can be divided into Zernike polynomials of different orders:
Figure 446683DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
according to the orthogonality between zernike polynomials of different orders, the corresponding coefficients can be expressed as:
Figure 758716DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
wherein the content of the first and second substances,I i is the detected intensity of the return light.
Figure 884935DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
。
Thus, the reconstructed target object image satisfies the following formula:
Figure 929114DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
compared with the conventional random light field, Hadamard-based light field and Fourier-based light field, the method can obtain a reconstructed image with higher quality under less sampling times, and can better reconstruct and identify the circular symmetric pattern information in the object for the object with the circular symmetric characteristic, thereby greatly reducing the sampling times and improving the imaging efficiency.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment provides an efficient single pixel imaging system comprising:
the modulation pattern generation module is used for generating a series of modulation patterns which have different orders and meet the Zernike polynomial distribution and loading the modulation patterns on the spatial light modulator;
the structured light generating device 2 comprises a light source and a spatial light modulator, wherein the light source is used for generating laser and projecting the generated laser onto the spatial light modulator; the spatial light modulator modulates the intensity of the laser emitted by the light source by using the modulation pattern, and projects the modulated laser onto a target object 3;
a single-pixel photodetector 4 for collecting a return light intensity signal reflected from the target object 3;
and the imaging module is used for reconstructing a target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern.
The modulation pattern generation module and the imaging module are implemented by a computer 1, and the system further includes a data acquisition card (the model is not limited, such as NI USB-6361), the computer is used to generate a series of modulation patterns with different orders and satisfying zernike polynomial distribution and load the modulation patterns onto the spatial light modulator, and the data acquisition card is used to acquire and record a return light intensity signal received by the single-pixel photodetector 4 from the target object and transmit the return light intensity signal to the computer for image reconstruction.
The working wavelength of the light source is not limited, the light source can be a visible light wave band (such as 532 nm), a near infrared wave band (such as 1064 nm) or other wave bands, the adopted spatial light modulator can be a digital micromirror array (DMD), a liquid crystal spatial light phase modulator (SLM) or other spatial light modulators, and the adopted single-pixel detector can be a photomultiplier tube, a PIN photodiode, an avalanche photodiode, a nanowire superconducting single-photon detector or other photoelectric detectors.
In one embodiment of the present invention: the structured light generating device 2 can be composed of a light source, a beam expander, a spatial light modulator and a projection lens, wherein the light source adopts a continuous laser with the working wavelength of 532 nm, the spatial light modulator adopts a digital micromirror array device (TI DLP Discovery V-7001), and the amplification factor of the beam expander is about 10 times; the single pixel detector 4 employs a photomultiplier tube (Thorlabs PMT-PMM 02).
In an embodiment of the present invention, a work flow of the high-efficiency single-pixel imaging system is as follows:
(1) the computer generates a series of modulation patterns which satisfy Zernike polynomial distribution and have different orders, and the modulation patterns are sequentially loaded on the digital micromirror array;
(2) continuous laser generated by a light source is projected onto a digital micromirror array for intensity modulation after being expanded;
(3) the modulated structural light field is irradiated on a target object 3 through a projection lens, the generated return light intensity signal is collected by a single-pixel detector 4 and converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card acquires and records the return light intensity signal from the target object received by the single-pixel photoelectric detector 4 and transmits the return light intensity signal to a computer;
(4) and the computer carries out image reconstruction on the target object based on the modulation pattern and the return light intensity signal.
In one embodiment, the modulation pattern generation module comprises:
a first module for generating a series of first patterns of different orders that satisfy a zernike polynomial distribution;
the second module is used for splitting the first pattern into two modulation patterns and then sequentially loading the two modulation patterns on the spatial light modulator, wherein one modulation pattern is split from the first pattern, positive elements in the first pattern are reserved, and the rest elements are zero; the other modulation pattern split by the first pattern makes the positions of the non-negative elements in the first pattern zero, and the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements.
In the first module, the expression of the generated first pattern is as follows:
Figure 530997DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
whereinr、θRespectively radial coordinates and angular coordinates under a polar coordinate system,m、nrespectively the radial and angular order of the zernike polynomials,
Figure 505775DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
、
Figure 79976DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
radial and azimuthal components of the zernike polynomials, respectively;
the first pattern
Figure 91794DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Reduced to having one order variableiIn the form of (1), as follows:
Figure 321919DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
whereiniAndm、nsatisfies the Noll polynomial;
the second module is to
Figure 444595DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Splitting into two modulation patterns
Figure 873303DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
And
Figure 443306DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
modulating the pattern
Figure 19780DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
And
Figure 149410DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
loaded in turn on a spatial light modulator, in which the pattern is modulated
Figure 370307DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
Retention
Figure 989508DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
The positive number elements in the (1) and the rest elements are zero; modulation pattern
Figure 912333DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
Will be provided with
Figure 845654DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
The positions of the non-negative elements in the (A) are all zero, the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements,
Figure 311270DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
。
in one embodiment, the imaging module comprises:
a third module, using the satisfy
Figure 711159DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
The intensity of return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object
Figure 199909DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
And satisfy
Figure 468079DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
Projecting the distributed laser light to a target objectIntensity of return light generated from the upper part
Figure 912836DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
Calculated to obtain the second in the Zernike polynomialiCoefficient of order Zernike basisa i ；
A fourth module for reconstructing an image of the target object
Figure 873839DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
Wherein
Figure 849885DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
NThe number of times sampled to reconstruct the image.
The implementation method of the functions of the modules can be implemented by the same method in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not repeated here.
In one embodiment, the computer generates a series of discrete two-dimensional Zernike polynomials of different orders
Figure 531533DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
. First, a unit coordinate matrix of size N × N is generated, where N =128 in the present embodiment, and the numerical range of the unit coordinate matrix is (-1, 1). Due to Zernike polynomials
Figure 971742DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Defined on a unit circle in a polar coordinate system, and therefore in the present embodiment, a two-dimensional Zernike polynomial in a polar coordinate system
Figure 41329DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
The values of (a) are converted into values in a corresponding cartesian coordinate system and projected onto an inscribed circle of an identity matrix of size N x N, and the remaining element values in the matrix take zero, whereby a projection pattern of zernike polynomial distribution can be represented by the matrix of size N x N. Due to the original definition of Zernike polynomial
Figure 426043DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
The order of the Zernike polynomial is determined by two parameters of m and n, and for the convenience of calculation and experiment, the order of the Zernike polynomial can be expressed by one parameter i
Figure 301595DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
Wherein the corresponding relationship of m, n and i satisfies the Noll polynomial, in this embodiment, the corresponding relationship of m, n and i in the first 9 th order zernike polynomial and the corresponding zernike polynomial
Figure 206097DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
The expression of (a) is shown in the following table:
Figure 712165DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
fig. 3 is a graph showing the gray scale of the first 9 th order zernike-based optical field intensity distribution generated by calculation in the present embodiment, wherein (a) is the first order zernike-based optical field intensity distribution generated by calculation; (b) calculating a generated second-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram; (c) calculating the generated three-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram; (d) generating a fourth-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (e) generating a five-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (f) generating a six-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (g) generating a seven-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (h) generating an eighth-order Zernike base light field intensity gray distribution diagram for calculation; (i) a nine-step zernike-based light field intensity gray-scale profile is generated for the calculation. Fig. 4 is an original image of a target object in the present embodiment, fig. 5 is an object image reconstructed using a 500-order zernike-based light field in the present embodiment (i.e., the number of sampling N = 500), and fig. 6 is an object image reconstructed using a 1000-order zernike-based light field in an embodiment of the present invention (i.e., the number of sampling N = 1000). As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the method provided by the present invention can reconstruct a clear target object image with fewer sampling times under the undersampling condition, and the reconstructed object image is clearer as the sampling times are increased, and since the size of the target object is 128 × 128 pixel matrix adopted in the embodiment of the present invention, when the sampling number is 1000, the sampling ratio is about 6.1%, it can be seen that the single-pixel imaging method provided by the present invention utilizes the characteristic that the information of the target object is included in the low-order zernike polynomial, and realizes clear imaging of the target object with a lower sampling ratio.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method of efficient single-pixel imaging, comprising:
generating a series of first patterns of different orders that satisfy a zernike polynomial distribution;
splitting the first pattern into two modulation patterns, and sequentially loading the two modulation patterns on the spatial light modulator, wherein one modulation pattern is split from the first pattern, positive elements in the first pattern are reserved, and the rest elements are zero; the other modulation pattern split by the first pattern makes the positions of non-negative elements in the first pattern zero, and makes the positions of the other negative elements the absolute value of the negative elements;
the spatial light modulator modulates the intensity of laser emitted by the light source by using the modulation pattern, projects the modulated laser onto a target object, and collects a return light intensity signal reflected from the target object;
reconstructing a target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern;
the first pattern expression is as follows:
Figure 210659DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
whereinr、θRespectively radial coordinates and angular coordinates under a polar coordinate system,m、nrespectively the azimuthal and radial order of the zernike polynomials,
Figure 684365DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
、
Figure 919038DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
radial and azimuthal components of the zernike polynomials, respectively;
the first pattern
Figure 870813DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Reduced to having one order variableiIn the form of (1), as follows:
Figure 625274DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
whereiniAndm、nsatisfies the Noll polynomial;
will be provided with
Figure 269882DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Splitting into two modulation patterns
Figure 726271DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
And
Figure 684999DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
modulating the pattern
Figure 277655DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
And
Figure 109476DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
loaded in turn on a spatial light modulator, in which the pattern is modulated
Figure 53161DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Retention
Figure 815581DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The positive number elements in the (1) and the rest elements are zero; modulation pattern
Figure 528322DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Will be provided with
Figure 514732DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
The positions of the non-negative elements in the (A) are all zero, the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements,
Figure 696446DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
；
reconstructing a target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
satisfy the requirement of
Figure 996977DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The intensity of the return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object is
Figure 829804DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Satisfy the following requirements
Figure 65745DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The intensity of the return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object is
Figure 984022DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Based on the intensity of return light
Figure 884982DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
And
Figure 323048DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
calculated to obtain the second in the Zernike polynomialiCoefficient of order Zernike basis
Figure 651261DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
；
Obtaining a reconstructed target object image using the following equation
Figure 994517DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
：
Figure 699168DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
WhereinNThe number of times sampled to reconstruct the image.
2. A method for efficient single pixel imaging according to claim 1, wherein coefficients
Figure 241008DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 756434DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
。
3. a high efficiency single pixel imaging system, comprising:
a modulation pattern generation module comprising a first module and a second module: a first module for generating a series of first patterns of different orders that satisfy a Zernike polynomial distribution; the second module is used for splitting the first pattern into two modulation patterns and then sequentially loading the two modulation patterns on the spatial light modulator, wherein one modulation pattern is split from the first pattern, positive elements in the first pattern are reserved, and the rest elements are zero; the other modulation pattern split by the first pattern makes the positions of non-negative elements in the first pattern zero, and makes the positions of the other negative elements the absolute value of the negative elements;
the light source is used for generating laser and projecting the generated laser onto the spatial light modulator;
the spatial light modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the laser emitted by the light source by using the modulation pattern and projecting the modulated laser onto a target object;
the single-pixel photoelectric detector is used for collecting a return light intensity signal reflected from a target object;
the imaging module is used for reconstructing a target object image based on the return light intensity signal and the modulation pattern;
in the first module, the first pattern expression is as follows:
Figure 383725DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
whereinr、θRespectively radial coordinates and angular coordinates under a polar coordinate system,m、nrespectively the azimuthal and radial order of the zernike polynomials,
Figure 626487DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
、
Figure 226096DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
radial and azimuthal components of the zernike polynomials, respectively;
the first pattern
Figure 161691DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Reduced to having one order variableiIn the form of (1), as follows:
Figure 38728DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
whereiniAndm、nsatisfies the Noll polynomial;
will be provided with
Figure 819602DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Splitting into two modulation patterns
Figure 539297DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
And
Figure 645793DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
modulating the pattern
Figure 247676DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
And
Figure 35503DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
loaded in turn on a spatial light modulator, in which the pattern is modulated
Figure 157174DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Retention
Figure 434572DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
The positive number elements in the (1) and the rest elements are zero; modulation pattern
Figure 258171DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Will be provided with
Figure 849689DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
The positions of the non-negative elements in the (A) are all zero, the positions of the other negative elements are the absolute values of the negative elements,
Figure 75134DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
；
the imaging module includes:
a third module, using the satisfy
Figure 274166DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
The intensity of return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object
Figure 850641DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
And satisfy
Figure 980271DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
The intensity of return light generated by the projection of the distributed laser light on the target object
Figure 60222DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Calculated to obtain the second in the Zernike polynomialiCoefficient of order Zernike basis
Figure 945001DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
；
A fourth module for reconstructing an image of the target object
Figure 493926DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Wherein
Figure 427247DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
NThe number of times sampled to reconstruct the image.
4. A high efficiency single pixel imaging system in accordance with claim 3, wherein said modulation pattern generation module and imaging module are computer implemented.
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